DOCSLIB.ORG

Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 Voluntary, Regional and Comparative Perspectives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 Voluntary, Regional and Comparative Perspectives Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 Voluntary, regional and comparative perspectives Edited by Donnacha Seán Lucey and Virginia Crossman Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 Voluntary, regional and comparative perspectives Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 Voluntary, regional and comparative perspectives Edited by Donnacha Seán Lucey and Virginia Crossman LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2014. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978 1 909646 65 0 (PDF edition) ISBN 978 1 909646 02 5 (hardback edition) Contents Acknowledgements vii About the contributors ix Abbreviations xiii List of tables and figures xv Introduction 1 Donnacha Seán Lucey and Virginia Crossman I. Historiographical directions 1. ‘Voluntarism’ in English health and welfare: visions of history 31 Martin Gorsky 2. Healthcare systems in Britain and Ireland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the national, international and sub-national contexts 61 John Stewart II. Voluntary hospital provision 3. Paying for health: comparative perspectives on patient payment and contributions for hospital provision in Ireland 81 Donnacha Seán Lucey and George Campbell Gosling 4. ‘Why have a Catholic Hospital at all?’ The Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and the state, 1883–1972 101 Peter Martin 5. Cottage hospitals and communities in rural East Devon, 1919–39 117 Julia Neville III. Healthcare and the mixed economy 6. The mixed economy of care in the South Wales coalfield, c.1850–1950 141 Steven Thompson v Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 7. ‘… it would be preposterous to bring a Protestant here’: religion, provincial politics and district nurses in Ireland, 1890–1904 161 Ciara Breathnach 8. To ‘solve the darkest Social Problems of our time’: the Church of Scotland’s entry into the British matrix of health and welfare provision, c.1880–1914 181 Janet Greenlees IV. Public health, voluntarism and local government 9. Feverish activity: Dublin City Council and the smallpox outbreak of 1902–3 199 Ciarán Wallace 10. Influenza: the Irish Local Government Board’s last great crisis 217 Ida Milne 11. The roots of regionalism: municipal medicine from the Local Government Board to the Dawson Report 237 Sally Sheard vi Acknowledgements This collection of essays is based on two workshops held in Dublin. The first was held in 2011 in the Centre for Contemporary Irish History in Trinity College Dublin and the second in 2012 in the Centre for the History of Medicine, University College Dublin. We would like to thank these centres and institutions for holding these events. We would like to acknowledge the support of the Economic and Social Research Council, Oxford Brookes University and the Trinity Alumni Association for funding the Trinity workshop. We would also like to acknowledge the Irish Research Council and the Centre for the History of Medicine in Ireland for generously funding the University College Dublin workshop. D. S. Lucey would like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council for funding research in the introduction and in his chapter. Janet Greenlees would like to acknowledge the Wellcome Trust (Grant 095576) for funding the research for her chapter. vii About the contributors Dr. Ciara Breathnach is lecturer in history at the University of Limerick. She has published on Irish socio-economic, cultural and health histories. Author of The Congested Districts Board of Ireland, 1891–1923: Poverty and Development in the West of Ireland (Dublin, 2005) and editor/co-editor of six conference proceedings, she has published articles in Medical Humanities, Medical History, Irish Historical Studies, Immigrants and Minorities, History of Family: an International Quarterly, the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Historical Research and Social History. Professor Virginia Crossman is professor of modern Irish history at Oxford Brookes University. She has extensive expertise in Irish Poor Law history and was recently the principal investigator on the E.S.R.C. project ‘Welfare regimes under the Irish Poor Laws, 1850–1921’. She has published widely on the Poor Law and her most recent book is entitled Poverty and the Poor Law in Ireland, 1850–1914 (Liverpool, 2013). Dr. George Campbell Gosling works on the history of medicine and charity in modern Britain and beyond. He has held teaching and research positions at Oxford Brookes University, the University of Liverpool, King’s College London and the University of Warwick. His first monograph, exploring the limits of private healthcare in Britain before the N.H.S., will be published by Pickering and Chatto. Dr. Martin Gorsky is reader in the history of public health in the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He has published extensively on voluntary hospitals, mutualism and healthcare, inter-war healthcare, and the N.H.S. in Britain, and on comparative health systems history. Dr. Janet Greenlees is a health historian and deputy director of the Centre for the Social History of Health and Healthcare, Glasgow Caledonian University. She has published extensively on British and American healthcare and has recently co-edited Western Maternity and Medicine, 1880–1990 (2013). Dr. Donnacha Seán Lucey is an A.H.R.C. research fellow in Queen’s University Belfast, and is writing a monograph on public health in twentieth-century Belfast. He has held research positions in Oxford Brookes University, Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin. He has expertise in welfare and healthcare history and has published articles in English Historical Review, Irish Historical Studies and Medical History. ix Healthcare in Ireland and Britain from 1850 His second monograph, entitled The End of the Irish Poor Law? Welfare and Healthcare Reform in Revolutionary and Independent Ireland, will be published by Manchester University Press in 2015. Dr. Peter Martin received his Ph.D. in Trinity College Dublin and is a historian of twentieth-century Ireland. He has held teaching and research positions in Trinity College Dublin, University College Dublin and Queen’s University Belfast. He is the author of Censorship in the Two Irelands, 1922– 39 (Dublin, 2006) and several articles and essays on censorship, the Irish aristocracy and the history of health policy in Northern Ireland. He is a civil servant in the Northern Ireland Department of Social Development. Dr. Ida Milne is currently an Irish Research Council ELEVATE fellow based in Queen’s University Belfast and National University of Ireland, Maynooth and her principal research interest is in the effect of epidemic disease on societies. She was awarded a Ph.D. from Trinity College Dublin in 2011 for her work on social, political, economic and medical aspects of the 1918–19 influenza epidemic in Ireland. Her latest research is on the changing landscape of childhood illness in twentieth-century Ireland. Dr. Julia Neville is an honorary research fellow at the University of Exeter. Her Ph.D., completed in 2010, explored variations in local government hospital provision in the nineteen-thirties, and she has published on social change in the inter-war period in Southern History , Medical History and Women’s History Review. Dr. Sally Sheard is a reader in the history of medicine in the University of Liverpool. She has researched and published extensively on the history of public health and on the development of twentieth-century British health and social welfare policies. Some of her publications include The Passionate Economist: how Brian Abel-Smith Shaped Global Health and Social Welfare (Bristol, 2013), (with Liam Donaldson) The Nation’s Doctor: the Role of the Chief Medical Officer, 1855–1998 (Oxford, 2005) and (co-edited with Martin Gorsky) Financing Medicine: the British Experience since 1750 (2006). Professor John Stewart is emeritus professor of health history and former director of the Centre for the Social History of Health and Healthcare at Glasgow Caledonian University. He has expertise in healthcare provision and social policy and regional and comparative healthcare histories. His recent publications include Child Guidance in Britain, 1918–55: the Dangerous Age of Childhood (2013) and (co-authored) Municipal Medicine in Interwar England and Wales (Oxford, 2011). x About the contributors Dr. Steven Thompson is a senior lecturer in Welsh and British history at Aberystwyth University, with expertise in the history of medicine and welfare provision. His publications include a monograph entitled Unemployment, Poverty and Health in Interwar South Wales (Cardiff, 2006) and a number of journal articles and chapter contributions. Dr. Ciarán Wallace is a postdoctoral researcher in the Centre for Contemporary Irish History in Trinity College Dublin, where his research focuses on modern Irish and urban history. He is a co-ordinator of the Dublin History Research Network and his publications include articles on local government, Dublin municipal politics and commemoration. xi Abbreviations A.G.M. Annual general meeting B.M.J. British Medical Journal B.M.H. Bureau of Military History D.C.C.A. Dublin City Council Archives D.C.D.A. Belfast, Down and Connor Diocesan Archives D.E.G. Devon and Exeter Gazette D.H.C. Devon Heritage Centre D.N.A. District Nursing Association D.S.A. Dublin Sanitary Association Econ. Hist. Rev. Economic History Review Eng. Hist. Rev. English Historical Review Irish Hist. Stud. Irish Historical Studies G.P. General practitioner L.G.B. Local Government Board L.M.A. London Metropolitan Archives M.E. Merthyr Express N.A.I. National Archives of Ireland N.A.V.L. National Anti-Vaccination League N.G.O. Non-governmental organization N.H.I. National Health Insurance N.H.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Ó Gráda, Cormac Tropeano, Jean-Philippe Working Paper Infant and child mortality in Dublin a century ago Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. WP02/28 Provided in Cooperation with: UCD School of Economics, University College Dublin (UCD) Suggested Citation: Ó Gráda, Cormac Tropeano, Jean-Philippe (2002) : Infant and child mortality in Dublin a century ago, Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. WP02/28, University College Dublin, Department of Economics, Dublin, http://hdl.handle.net/10197/498 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/72421 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open
    [Show full text]
  • Researching Huguenot Settlers in Ireland
    BYU Family Historian Volume 6 Article 9 9-1-2007 Researching Huguenot Settlers in Ireland Vivien Costello Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byufamilyhistorian Recommended Citation The BYU Family Historian, Vol. 6 (Fall 2007) p. 83-163 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Family Historian by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. RESEARCHING HUGUENOT SETTLERS IN IRELAND1 VIVIEN COSTELLO PREAMBLE This study is a genealogical research guide to French Protestant refugee settlers in Ireland, c. 1660–1760. It reassesses Irish Huguenot settlements in the light of new findings and provides a background historical framework. A comprehensive select bibliography is included. While there is no formal listing of manuscript sources, many key documents are cited in the footnotes. This work covers only French Huguenots; other Protestant Stranger immigrant groups, such as German Palatines and the Swiss watchmakers of New Geneva, are not featured. INTRODUCTION Protestantism in France2 In mainland Europe during the early sixteenth century, theologians such as Martin Luther and John Calvin called for an end to the many forms of corruption that had developed within the Roman Catholic Church. When their demands were ignored, they and their followers ceased to accept the authority of the Pope and set up independent Protestant churches instead. Bitter religious strife throughout much of Europe ensued. In France, a Catholic-versus-Protestant civil war was waged intermittently throughout the second half of the sixteenth century, followed by ever-increasing curbs on Protestant civil and religious liberties.3 The majority of French Protestants, nicknamed Huguenots,4 were followers of Calvin.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES School of Social Sciences Poor Law Reform and Policy Innovation in Rural Southern England, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2010 i UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy POOR LAW REFORM AND POLICY INNOVATION IN RURAL SOUTHERN ENGLAND, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Recent analysis in poor law history has uncovered the experiences of individual relief claimants and recipients, emphasising their role in the welfare process. The literature has, however, tended to draw a false dichotomy between understanding the experiences of the individual poor and understanding the administration of the poor laws. This thesis deploys a ‘policy process’ understanding of social policies, a concept developed in the social sciences, to understand the processes driving social policies under the poor laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Butler on Murphy, 'The Politics of Dublin Corporation, 1840-1900: from Reform to Expansion'
    H-Albion Butler on Murphy, 'The Politics of Dublin Corporation, 1840-1900: From Reform to Expansion' Review published on Thursday, January 14, 2021 James H. Murphy. The Politics of Dublin Corporation, 1840-1900: From Reform to Expansion. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2020. 240 pp. $70.00 (cloth),ISBN 978-1-84682-853-9. Reviewed by Richard Butler (University of Leicester)Published on H-Albion (January, 2021) Commissioned by Douglas Kanter (Florida Atlantic University) Printable Version: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=55815 This book offers a political history of Dublin Corporation between the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act of 1840 and the expansion of the city’s electorate and its boundaries at the end of the century. In thirteen short chapters, James H. Murphy gives a narrative account of the key personalities involved and the various topics that occupied debates, ranging from grandstanding over loyal addresses to Queen Victoria to the glacial speed at which major social problems, such as sanitation, were tackled by a largely uninterested elite. Many readers will be familiar with the author’s two major studies of nineteenth-century Irish nationalism in the context of “the institutions of constitutional affinity”—Abject Loyalty: Nationalism and Monarchy in Ireland during the Reign of Queen Victoria (2001) and Ireland’s Czar: Gladstonian Government and the Lord Lieutenants of the Red Earl Spencer, 1868-86 (2014)—and as he explains in the introduction, this volume was initially planned as the final volume of that trilogy. Murphy notes that his working hypothesis was that Dublin Corporation, “the most important and prestigious deliberative body in Ireland,” could be understood as Ireland’s “little civic parliament” (a phrase associated with the “Repeal” debates), in the absence of a national parliament after the Act of Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Health and Demography - Jean-Marie Robine, Carol Jagger
    DEMOGRAPHY – Vol. I - Health and Demography - Jean-Marie Robine, Carol Jagger HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHY Jean-Marie Robine French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM),France Carol Jagger Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK Keywords: health , demography , population , public health , morbidity , disability , disablement process , perceived health , physiologic frailty , health classifications , cross-sectional surveys ,chronological series , selection , attrition , health interview surveys (HIS) , health examination surveys (HES) , incidence rate , prevalence rate , summary measures of population health , health expectancy , disability-free life expectancy , lengthening of life , population ageing , gender gaps , international comparison Contents 1. Introduction: The overlap between Health and Demography 2. Health Data: The Different Concepts of Health and the Main Classifications 3. Health survey: Study Design and Data Collection Methods 4. Population Health Indicators: Basic Indicators and Summary Measures 5. Research Questions Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The connection between health and demography is complex. Whilst demography is essentially a scientific discipline, health is a wide ranging concept. In this chapter we attempt to describe the main issues on health useful to demographers. After a brief introduction, Section 2 discusses the various ways that health has been understood and measured from different standpoints: clinical, functional and sociological
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Insurance in Japan
    33056 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tetsuo Fukawa Tetsuo in Japan Public HealthInsurance of theGovernmentJapan Fund Development Trust The PolicyandHumanResources Funded by: WBI Working Papers Public Health Insurance in Japan Tetsuo Fukawa Japanese universal public health insurance which is largely based on a fee-for-services payment system has functioned well so far. There are several key factors for the success of this program such as social solidarity and infrastructure for the utilization review. However, people’s demand on health services has increased over the years and as a result, reform in under way to provide more diversified and quality-oriented health services. The centralized system is viewed as less suitable for coping with these more recent issues related to the quality of health care. While the private sector has established an important infrastructure that delivers health services and maintains public health, its role is relatively small in terms of health service financing. Going forward, two major challenges remain. They are: (i) to provide the elderly population with adequate health, nursing, and long-term care services at an affordable cost, and (ii) to reduce regional differences in health care expenditure. World Bank Institute Copyright © 2002 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. The World Bank enjoys copyright under protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. This material may nonetheless be copied for research, educational, or scholarly purposes only in the member countries of The World Bank. Material in this series is subject to revision.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Okinawa's Development Experience in Public Health
    Study on Okinawa’s Development Experience in Public Health and Medical Sector December 2000 Institute for International Cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency I I C Ｊ Ｒ 00-56 PREFACE Recent years have seen a new emphasis on "people-oriented development" through aid in the social development field. Cooperation in the public health and medical sector is becoming increasingly important within this context because of its contributions to physical well-being, which is the basis from which all human activities proceed. Nonetheless, infectious diseases that were long ago eradicated in developed countries are still rampant in developing countries, as are HIV/AIDS and other new diseases. Even those diseases that can be prevented or treated claim precious lives on a daily basis because of inappropriate education and medical care. The government of developing countries, donors, NGOs, and other organizations continue to work to rectify this situation and improve the health care levels of people in developing countries. Japan, as one of the world's leading donor countries, is expected both to improve the quality of its own aid and to take a leadership role in this sector. To help us in this effort, we referred to the history of health and medical care in postwar Okinawa Prefecture. Okinawa's experiences during postwar reconstruction contain many lessons that can be put to use in improving the quality of aid made available to developing countries. In the times immediately following World War II, the people in Okinawa were constantly threatened with contagion and disease due to a lack of medical facilities and personnel, including doctors.
    [Show full text]
  • Survivorship Program for Patients Completing Definitive Breast Cancer Treatment
    Victorian Cancer Survivorship Program: Pilot Project Survivorship program for patients completing definitive breast cancer treatment FINAL REPORT Acknowledgements Project Officer Sita Vij, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Email: [email protected] Project Leads Prof Bruce Mann, The Royal Melbourne/Royal Women’s Hospitals Ms Carolyn Bell, The Royal Women’s Hospital Dr Ines Rio, The Royal Women’s Hospital and Inner North West Melbourne Medicare Local Ms Meron Pitcher, Western Health Ms Alison Amos / Ms Lee Kennedy, BreaCan Project Executive Steering Committee and Working Group Ms Bianca Bell Western Health Ms Robin Curwen-Walker BreaCan Ms Paula Drum Consumer Representative Prof Martha Hickey The Royal Women’s Hospital Ms Pat Jankus Consumer Representative Ms Fiona McCormack The Royal Melbourne Hospital Dr Angela Rutherford GP Representative Ms Kerry Shanahan The Royal Melbourne Hospital Ms Leanne Storer Western Health Dr Claire Veith GP Representative Special thanks to: Monique Baldacchino, Robyn Cordner, Anastasia Dean, Melanie Fisher, Bronwyn Flanagan, Spiridoula Galetakis, Sue Hookey, Tracy Jeffery, Meredith Layton, Linda Nolte, Allan Park, Sunita Sharma, Kate Schofield, Graham Taylor, Susan Thomas, Kathryn Whitfield and Shirley Wong. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1 Key Messages ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Health Is a Complex Issue in Many Ways. It Is Not Only About the Medical Treatment of the Body, but Can Also Involve the Strategic Actions of Governments and Firms
    Health is a complex issue in many ways. It is not only about the medical treatment of the body, but can also involve the strategic actions of governments and firms. It is this latter aspect of health and how it can contribute to social and economic development that this paper addresses. In monetary terms, in the period up to 2018, Deloitte (2015) indicate that the total of all world health spending will be 9.3 trillion dollars. This global expansion of health care has accompanied both economic and societal change and the role of health in society is well documented. In Europe over the past several decades, health has not only shaped the nation- state and its social institutions, it has also powered social movements, defined the rights of citizens and contributed to the construction of the modern, individual self (McManus 2005; Kickbusch (2007). Increasingly access to health and medical care has for many, become a synonym for social progress and justice and it is apparent that world citizens are demanding higher levels of healthcare, provided in a professional and user-friendly fashion (Devlin and Arneill, 2003). However, many member states of the World Health Organisation (WHO) especially those lower income countries, still lack an effective health system. Many others still struggle with basic health governance mechanisms, such as guaranteeing financial protection for service users. For instance, compared to its impressive achievements in the economic sphere, China is lagging in its health care reforms. Although the country has spent billions in its health care reforms to date, it is only aiming at the goal of the provision of affordable and equitable basic health care for all by 2020 (Yip et al, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • III 1916 Then And
    Irish Geography 117 III 1916 then and now: reflections on the spatiality of the Rising’s urban legacies Niamh Moore-Cherry and Daithí Ó Corráin, School of Geography, UCD and School of History and Geography, DCU The months prior to the Easter 2016 commemoration of the 1916 Rising were marked by a plethora of comment on the legacy of the insurrection. This discourse was dominated by the political legacy – the impact of the Rising on constitutionalism, political violence and the ultimate aims of Irish independence. By contrast, there was scant focus on the material impact of the Rising on Dublin and its citizens. How was the immediate legacy of large-scale destruction addressed and to what effect? What impact did this have on urban planning? Should the post- Rising development of Dublin inform contemporaneous campaigns to preserve the heritage of the Rising in the shape of surviving buildings on Moore Street? Should the government be held to account for its weak attempts to develop robust conservation guidelines that complement rather than frustrate urban development policy? Concerns about destruction and the shaping of the urban environment, so evident in 1916, manifested themselves in a very different way a century later. In the immediate aftermath of the Rising, many buildings were entirely or partially destroyed, congregational spaces in the city such as the General Post Office and Clery’s Department Store were badly damaged, and livelihoods were jeopardised as many workplaces and tools of work were damaged or looted. The most pressing concern a century ago was restitution to repair the damage and erase the material and visual legacy of the Rising so that the O’Connell Street area could be reopened for business as swiftly as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Herstory Profiles of Eight Ulster-Scots Women 2 Herstory: Profiles of Eight Ulster-Scots Women Herstory: Profiles of Eight Ulster-Scots Women 3
    Herstory profiles of eight Ulster-Scots women 2 Herstory: profiles of eight Ulster-Scots Women Herstory: profiles of eight Ulster-Scots Women 3 Introduction Although women make up more than 50% of the population in ‘Herstory’, a term coined in the late 1960s by feminist critics of most countries and societies, ‘Herstory’ (or women’s history) conventionally written history, is history written from a feminist has been very much neglected until very recently. This is perspective, emphasizing the role of women, or told from a partially because throughout human history women have woman’s point of view. The word is arrived at by changing the tended to play a subordinate role to their fathers, brothers and initial his in history to her, as if history were derived from his + sons. story. Actually the word history was coined by Herodotus, ‘the father of history’, and is derived from the ancient Greek word, In the past, women’s lives and the opportunities available στορία (historía), meaning ‘inquiry or knowledge acquired by to them were greatly restricted. In Ulster, apart from those investigation’. In Homer’s writings, a histor is one who reports, fortunate enough to be born into (or to marry into) the having made a thorough investigation of the facts. The word has aristocracy and the upper middle classes, most women’s lives absolutely nothing to do with the male possessive pronoun. would have revolved around childbearing and childrearing and, of course, housework. Economically, rural women would have This publication looks at the lives of eight interesting and combined these roles with working in agriculture whereas significant Ulster-Scots women and their role in history.
    [Show full text]
  • “This Cemetery Is a Treacherous Place”. the Appropriation of Political, Cultural and Class Ownership of Glasnevin Cemetery, 1832 to 1909
    Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, n. 9 (2019), pp. 251-270 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/SIJIS-2239-3978-25516 “This cemetery is a treacherous place”. The Appropriation of Political, Cultural and Class Ownership of Glasnevin Cemetery, 1832 to 1909 Patrick Callan Trinity College Dublin (<[email protected]>) Abstract: Dublin’s Glasnevin Cemetery became a focus of nationalist com- memoration after 1832. The Irish diaspora in America celebrated it as the resting place of nationalist heroes, including Parnell, O’Connell and others linked with Irish Catholicity or culture. American news- papers reported on commemorations for the Manchester Martyrs and Parnell. The Dublin Cemeteries Committee (DCC) managed the cemetery. In the early 1900s, the DCC lost a political battle over who should act as guardian of the republican tradition in a tiny ar- ea of political property within the cemetery. A critical sequence of Young Irelander or Fenian funerals (Charles Gavan Duffy, James Stephens, and John O’Leary) marked the transfer of authority from the DCC to advanced nationalists. The DCC’s public profile also suffered during the 1900s as Dublin city councillors severely criti- cised the fees charged for interments, rejecting the patriarchal au- thority of the cemetery’s governing body. Keywords: Commemoration, Diaspora, Glasnevin Cemetery, Parnell 1. Introduction Dublin’s Glasnevin Cemetery opened in 1832 as an ideal of the nine- teenth-century garden cemetery. Daniel O’Connell’s Catholic Association successfully worked to repeal the surviving Penal Laws against Irish Catho- lics, leading to Catholic Emancipation in 1829. In part, the campaign had focused on the need for new regulations to allow for the establishment of Catholic cemeteries such as Glasnevin, formally known as Prospect Cem- etery.
    [Show full text]