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Evaluation on the Policies for Water Environmental Protection in Huai River Basin in China

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Evaluation on the Policies for Water Environmental Protection in Huai River Basin in China Evaluation on the Policies for Water Environmental Protection in Huai River Basin in China SONG Guojun Renmin University of China 2nd WEPA, Beppu, Japan Dec. 3-4, 2007 1 Contents Background and significance Framework of the evaluation Contents and conclusions Suggestions 2 3 Background & Significance Cover four provinces \Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Jiangsu province 270 thousand km2, 169 million people The unique regulation for water pollution control Concerned by the top leaders About 50 Billions RMB invested 4 Background & Significance The people in the basin are not satisfied the water quality There are many argument and dispute on water pollution control There are great demand for professional evaluation \Real situation( more coherent evidence, verified data, etc) \Main causes 5 6 7 8 9 Framework of the evaluation Evaluation scope 9 Covering two five-year plan (1995~2005) 9 Multiple data sources 9 Environmental protection sector 9 Water resource sector 9 Water supply sector 9 All the activities relevant with water pollution control 10 Framework of the evaluation Objectives: to find the key factors that influence the policy effects 9 What’s the goals in policy itself? 9 What kind of policy frame or system? 9 What’s the implementation mechanism and divided responsibility? 9 what activities were taken? 9 How is the performance? 9 The goals set in policy achieved? 11 Research map Water quality Pollutants effluent Pollution control activities Policy & management 12 Framework of the evaluation Methodology: comparative analysis 9 Current water quality VS. that of past 9 Current water quality VS. the objective 9 Official data VS. the third sector data indicator 9 Goals of the planning 9 Water quality standards 9 COD 9 NH3-N 13 Main contents and conclusions Evaluation on the Implementation Activities 9 The Industrial Water Pollution Prevention and Control Projects have obvious effects while the planning objective goal has not been achieved. 9 The municipal wastewater treatment plant projects are not well implemented in the whole basin. (only 43.88%,28.7%43.88%,28.7% of investments in the 9th and 10th planning have been carried out.) 9 The agricultural non-point pollution resources control objjy()ectives are achieved basically. (88.3% carried out.) 9 The ecology protection activities are deficient. 9 The Funds of drinking water project are well appropriated. 14 Evaluation of the effluent control effect Targeted Total pollutant sources effluent entering Main stream into river Aggregate Monitoring Main stream monitoring Total amount of pollutant effluent Flux of Flux of pollutant tributaries 15 Evaluation of the effluent control effect 9 The amount of total pollutant effluent is much higher than the goal in the plan (more than 1.5 times). 9 The pollution effluent is not under control.(fig.2 fig.3) 9 pollutant effluent entering into rivers is not clear (monitoring problems). 9 The pollutant effluent estimated by pollutant flux is much larger than the statistic pollutant effluent. (table 1) 9 Although 70% of pollutants come from agriculture non- point sources (table 2), the industrial and living point pollution sources are the chief factor that makes the water quality bad (fig.4~fig.7). 16 Huaidian JieShou Sha Ying River Quan River FuYang Ban Tai Da HongZe Lake BengBu city Huai River Run Hong Rive Wujiadu XiaoLiuXiang Huai Rive River LuTaiZi RHJiRunHeJi WangJiaBa HuaiBin TongBo Mountain Case: Wujiadu section 17 Pollutant effluent is not under control. Fig.2 NH3-N flux in Wujiadu section 吨 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 2003 年份 氨氮通量 18 Pollutant effluent is not under control. Fig. 3 COD flux in Wujiadu section 万吨 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 年份 COD估算年通量 19 The pollutant effluent estimated by pollutant flux is much larger than the statistic pollutant effluent. Table 1 Comparison of flux and statistic effluent of COD unit: ten thousand tons Amount of COD load in Amount of COD load Henan and Anhui part of The flux of COD in in Henan and Anhui Year Huai River (above Bengbu Wujiadu section province section) 1998 134.9 30.63 81.41 1999 139.68 31.76 13.46 2000 126. 3 29. 58 63. 59 2001 110.33 25.33 37.01 2003 96.37 22.12 19．12 averag 121.52 27.88 42.92 e 20 Table 2 the proportion of industrial and domestic sources by year (%) Huaibin Bantai Huaidian Jieshou Lutaizi Wujiadu Average NH3-N 33.08 39.64 24.45 31.32 5.92 31.68 27.68 COD 29. 40 36. 40 21. 91 20. 86 23. 87 16. 42 24. 81 Flow rate(m3/s) Flux (ton) Flow rate (m3/s) 4500 3000 120000 3000 Flux (ton) 4000 2500 100000 3500 2500 2000 3000 80000 2000 2500 1500 2000 1500 1000 60000 1500 40000 1000 1000 500 500 20000 500 0 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Decmonth 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Monthly flow rate month Average flux of NH3-N Average flux of Average flow rate COD Fig. 4 Relationship of NH3-N’s flux and water volume Fig. 5 Relationship of COD’s flux and water volume 21 mg/L) m3/L) （ 3.5 3000 （ 3 2500 In dry season, when there 2.5 2000 2 are mainly industrial and 1500 rate Flow concentration 1.5 1000 domestic sources, the 1 0.5 500 amount of pollutant 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec entered into river is low, month average concentration of NH3 average flow rate but the concentration is Fig. 6 Relationship of NH3-N’s concentration and water volume high. Concentration (mg/l) Flow rate (m3/l) 20 3000 ) 18 2500 16 14 2000 The industrial and 12 10 1500 domestic sources are the 8 1000 6 main factors that make 4 500 the water quality bad both 2 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Spe Oct Nov Dec in water quality and time month scale. concentration Flow rate Fig.22 7 Relationship of COD’s concentration and water volume Evaluation of water quality There is no evident to conclude the water quality has improved or deteriorated in terms of whole Basin(fig.8). The water quality in provincial boundary monitoring section exceeded standard seriously(fig.9). The data quality is very poor(fig.10). 23 III III 20% 劣V 40% III IV III 15% V V IV 9% 16% 劣V Fig.8 The general quality of Huai River Generally, only 35% percents attained the objective. 24 The water quality in provincial sections exceeded standard seriously 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 劣V类水 V类水 50% IV类水 40% I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水 30% 20% 10% 0% 年份 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Fig.9 water quality in inter-province sections 25 Poor data quality: The fluctuating range of COD is 10% to 25% . The fluctuating range of NH3-N is larger, from 50% to 140% . frequency The standard 140 deviation is 120 0.875, which 100 is larger than the mean 80 concentration, 60 which is 0.803. 40 Mean = 0.8032 20 Std. Dev. = 0.87504 N = 361 0 NH3-N （mg/l） 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 Fig. 10 the frequencies of NH3-N concentration in Bengbu water supply company The data monitored once a month can reflect real situation in possibility of one thirtieth. 26 Policy and institution evaluation 9 For main sources , we have no strict permit system; 9 There are no strong instruments for central government to urge local government to enforce regulations seriously. 27 Suggestions Making strict permit system regulation and implemented to large industrial sources and urban waste water treatment plant as soon as possible Set up the basin water environmental information platform Central government should take more responsibilities for water pollution control in big river basin. Reform the water environmental protection planning system. 28 Thanks for your attention! 29.
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