DOCSLIB.ORG

Anhui0shaying11stage116novl1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anhui0shaying11stage116novl1 PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: AB5904 China: Anhui Shaying River Channel Improvement Project Project Name Public Disclosure Authorized Region EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Sector Ports, waterways and shipping (100%) Project ID P118647 Borrower(s) MINISTRY OF FINANCE Implementing Agency Anhui Provincial Communications Department 8th Floor, Huayi Mansion No. 95 Shouchun Road Hefei, Anhui Province China Tel: (86-551) 262-9089 Fax: (86-551) 263-0290 Email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Anhui Provincial Ports & Shipping Construction and Investment Group No.1157, Changjiang East Road Hefei, Anhui Province China Tel: (86-551) 429-9912 Fax: (86-551) 429-9522 Email: [email protected] Environment Category [X] A [ ] B [ ] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared November 16, 2010 Date of Appraisal August 24, 2010 Authorization Public Disclosure Authorized Date of Board Approval April 14, 2011 I. Country and Sector Background 1. Inland Waterway Transport Development in China. China has 123,000 km of navigable waterways, of which 61,000 km are officially classified for commercial navigation purposes. Most of the commercial waterways are well positioned to link the prosperous eastern coastal regions, which have increasing demand for raw materials, with the resource-rich but less- developed inland and western regions. This mutually beneficial connection helps to achieve the nation’s central and western development strategies. 2. China’s inland waterway transport (IWT) industry already handles about the same volume of freight as the USA and the EU waterways combined. Accelerated economic growth in China is generating a greater demand for the transport of coal, construction materials and other Public Disclosure Authorized bulk materials and goods. Accordingly, IWT has been increasing rapidly in recent years with an annual average growth rate of 8.8 percent during the period 2000-2008 (and 13.1 percent p.a. in tonne-kms). 3. Despite the fast growth in the past years, IWT in China is still under-developed compared with other transport modes. Its share in the total freight of all transport modes was only 3.8 percent in tonne-kms in 2008. Currently, the main constraint of IWT is weak infrastructure. A high proportion of the classified waterways have poor navigation infrastructure, which sometimes limit navigation capacity and particularly restricts the ability to reliably handle larger vessels that can deliver much lower unit cost of transport than smaller vessels. Therefore investment in IWT infrastructure is critical to realize the mode’s major development potential. 4. The Government of China (GOC), recognizing the higher energy efficiency, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and lower use of scarce land resources associated with IWT, plans to increase the contribution of IWT to China’s transport needs. In 2007, China adopted the National Inland Waterways and Ports Plan to 2020 (NIWPP2020) that aims to develop a ‘high- class’ waterway network (Class IV to Class I) of around 19,100 km (from the current 15,000 km). This waterway network will extend to twenty provinces and serve a catchment area that contains approximately a quarter of China’s population. An analysis carried out for the NIWPP2020 estimates that the total cargo traffic by IWT in China will increase from 1.16 billion tonnes in 2006 to 1.6 billion tonnes in 2010 and further to 2.35 billion tonnes in 2020. 5. IWT Development in Anhui Province. Anhui Province, with a population of about 65 million and an area of 139,600 square kilometers, is a land-locked province in central China. Anhui is one of the six economically under-developed central provinces supported by GOC’s “Rise of Central China” initiative. Transport is one of the priorities in the provincial development strategy. Over the past decade, the growth of IWT has lagged behind road and rail transport in Anhui though it has a good natural river network. The Province has now decided to pursue a more balanced transport strategy that gives more prominence to IWT, which can supplement road and rail transport by providing competitive services for bulk and low-value cargo. 6. Anhui, despite its land-locked location, is rich in water resources with many rivers running through it, which contribute to three big water systems: the Yangtze River, the Huai River, and the Xin’an River systems. The total length of inland waterway network in Anhui is over 6,500 km with around 1,100 km of high class waterways (Class IV and above); Anhui has the seventh longest provincial network in China. There are 17 main ports in Anhui, in addition to thousands of small local wharves and jetties. Around 30,000 commercial vessels are registered in the Province. 7. The Anhui Provincial Government has established ambitious targets for IWT development in the Anhui Inland Waterway Transport Development Plan (2005-2020). During the period 2007 - 2020, the Plan aims to increase the total IWT freight volume in Anhui from 98 million to 395 million tonnes, and the total tonne-km from 45 billion to 158 billion through a total investment of RMB25 billion. The Plan divides navigable inland waterways in Anhui into three levels of importance: national high-class, regional, and local. A “Two-Trunk and Three- Branch” waterway network of national high-class commercial waterways in the Province was laid out. The Shaying River, one of the three branches, is planned to be upgraded to Class IV for year-round navigation of 500 dwt vessels. 8. Shaying River. The Shaying River is the largest tributary of the Huai River in central China. It originates from Henan Province and converges with the Huai River in Anhui Province. The total length of the River is 620 km, of which 206 km flows through Anhui Province. The River’s hinterland has extensive reserves of coal and other minerals and is also a major producer of farming products, cement and fertilizers. The Shaying River provides a continuous waterway link to the prosperous and fast-growing industrial Yangtze Delta area via the Huai River and the Grand Canal. Given the increasing demand for transport in the river basin and the cost- effectiveness of waterway transport, particularly for coal, building materials, chemicals and grains, waterway traffic on the Shaying River has grown at an annual average of 10.6 percent in the period 1995-2008, reaching 5.26 million tonnes by 2008. 9. Nonetheless, future traffic growth is severely constrained by the low capacity of navigation infrastructure along the River. The river section upstream of Fuyang has a mixture of standards and generally only permits navigation of 300 dwt vessels in the low-water season. The section downstream of Fuyang was blocked in the 1980s by the construction of a sluice dam across the River at Fuyang, which resulted in all upstream shipping being diverted to the Cihuaixin River - a man-made canal whose primary purposes are irrigation and supply of drinking water. Waterway traffic often suffers from low water levels when the Cihuaixin River water is needed for these primary purposes. Traffic is further impeded by four small-sized locks which become congested at busy periods. The Cihuaixin route has almost reached its capacity, and due to its primary water resources functions, cannot be upgraded. This restricts further growth of traffic in the upper Shaying River. 10. The traffic capacity of the Shaying River is therefore at a plateau, and without a solution to the constraints described, cannot play a more significant role in the continuing economic development of its hinterland. As noted, both national and provincial governments are committed to improving the transport capacity of the River by eliminating the infrastructure constraints. Anhui and Henan provinces have been working together with the support of MOT to re-open the Shaying River route and raise its navigation standards. In the past three years, the Province has built two new large locks, the Genglou at upstream and the Yingshang at downstream of Fuyang, that allow larger vessels to pass through the existing sluice dams. The third lock at Fuyang is currently under construction with domestic funds, and when completed, will finally re-open the River for through navigation. By then, the waterway traffic downstream of Fuyang will be diverted back to the Shaying River from the current Cihuaixin route. Alongside the throughnavigation, the river channel is to be upgraded to attain Class IV standard according to the national and provincial inland waterway plans. The river channel improvement is the main physical component of the proposed Bank-funded Project. II. Objectives 11. The development objective of the proposed Project is to contribute to the increased cargo throughput of the Shaying River in Anhui Province through infrastructure improvements and capacity building. III. Rationale for Bank Involvement 12. In response to a proposal from Anhui Province, GOC has requested the Bank’s financial and technical support for the implementation of a Project to re-open and upgrade the Shaying River to Class IV navigation standards. The improved Shaying route will be capable of handling year-round 500 dwt vessels and even larger vessels outside the dry season. 13. The World Bank has already provided financial and technical support to China’s inland waterway development through lending to six projects in seven provinces over the past fifteen years. In 2009, the Bank also completed a major sector review of IWT in China with the objective of identifying impediments to its sustainable development. The outcomes of the study will underpin Bank support for developing IWT in China. Through its involvement in the strategic review and in lending interventions, the Bank has become the leader among international financial institutions in supporting China’s IWT sector. The Bank’s expertise and experience, both international and national, can contribute to successful project implementation and strengthen the institutional capacities of IWT inAnhui Province.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Miraculous Ningguo City of China and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Competitive Advantage
    www.ccsenet.org/jgg Journal of Geography and Geology Vol. 3, No. 1; September 2011 A Miraculous Ningguo City of China and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Competitive Advantage Wei Shui Department of Eco-agriculture and Regional Development Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan 611130, China & School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Tel: 86-158-2803-3646 E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 31, 2011 Accepted: April 14, 2011 doi:10.5539/jgg.v3n1p207 Abstract Ningguo City is a remote and small county in Anhui Province, China. It has created “Ningguo Miracle” since 1990s. Its general economic capacity has been ranked #1 (the first) among all the counties or cities in Anhui Province since 2000. In order to analyze the influencing factors of competitive advantages of Ningguo City and explain “Ningguo Miracle”, this article have evaluated, analyzed and classified the general economic competitiveness of 61 counties (cities) in Anhui Province in 2004, by 14 indexes of evaluation index system. The result showed that compared with other counties (cities) in Anhui Province, Ningguo City has more advantages in competition. The competitive advantage of Ningguo City is due to the productivities, the effect of the second industry and industry, and the investment of fixed assets. Then the influencing factors of Ningguo’s competitiveness in terms of productivity were analyzed with authoritative data since 1990 and a log linear regression model was established by stepwise regression method. The results demonstrated that the key influencing factor of Ningguo City’s competitive advantage was the change of industry structure, especially the change of manufacture structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between Social Capital and Depression Among Older People: Evidence from Anhui Province, China
    Bai et al. BMC Public Health (2020) 20:1560 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09657-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Association between social capital and depression among older people: evidence from Anhui Province, China Zhongliang Bai1,2,3, Zhiwei Xu3,4, Xiaoru Xu2, Xia Qin2, Wenbiao Hu3* and Zhi Hu1,2* Abstract Background: To examine the relationship between social capital and depression among community-dwelling older adults in Anhui Province, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older people selected from three cities of Anhui Province, China using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews and information on demographic characteristics, social capital, and depression was collected. The generalized linear model and classification and regression tree model were employed to assess the association between social capital and depression. Results: Totally, 1810 older people aged ≥60 years were included in the final analysis. Overall, all of the social capital dimensions were positively associated with depression: social participation (coefficient: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.22– 0.48), social support (coefficient:0.18, 95% CI:0.07–0.28), social connection (coefficient: 0.76, 95% CI:0.53–1.00), trust (coefficient:0.62, 95% CI:0.33–0.92), cohesion (coefficient:0.31, 95% CI:0.17–0.44) and reciprocity (coefficient:0.30, 95% CI:0.11–0.48), which suggested that older people with higher social capital had a smaller chance to develop depression. A complex joint effect of certain social capital dimensions on depression was also observed. The association with depression and the combinative effect of social capital varied among older adults across the cities.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    The World Bank Anhui Xuancheng Infrastructure for Industry Relocation (P129431) REPORT NO.: RES33665 Public Disclosure Authorized RESTRUCTURING PAPER ON A PROPOSED PROJECT RESTRUCTURING OF ANHUI XUANCHENG INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INDUSTRY RELOCATION PROJECT APPROVED ON JUNE 20, 2013 TO Public Disclosure Authorized PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA SOCIAL, URBAN, RURAL AND RESILIENCE GLOBAL PRACTICE EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Public Disclosure Authorized Regional Vice President: Victoria Kwakwa Country Director: Bert Hofman Senior Global Practice Director: Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez Practice Manager/Manager: Francis Ghesquiere Task Team Leader: Wanli Fang, Minghe Tao Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Anhui Xuancheng Infrastructure for Industry Relocation (P129431) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CD Country Director EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product MOU Memorandum of Understanding PDO Project Development Objective PMO Project Management Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RMB Ren Min Bi (Chinese Currency) SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment TA Technical Assistance TCE Tons Coal Equivalent WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant XETDZ Xuancheng Economic and Technological Development Zone The World Bank Anhui Xuancheng Infrastructure for Industry Relocation (P129431) BASIC DATA Product Information Project ID Financing Instrument P129431 Investment Project Financing Original EA Category Current EA Category Full Assessment (A) Full Assessment (A)
    [Show full text]
  • The Asymmetric Pattern of Population Mobility During
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article The Asymmetric Pattern of Population Mobility during the Spring Festival in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Complex Network Analysis: An Empirical Analysis of “Tencent Migration” Big Data Jinping Lin 1,2 , Kangmin Wu 3,4,5, Shan Yang 1,2,* and Qianqian Liu 1,2 1 School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (Q.L.) 2 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China 3 Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; [email protected] 4 Institute of Strategy Research for Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510070, China 5 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Population mobility patterns are an important reflection of the future distribution of migrant populations and the evolution trends of urbanization patterns. However, although research Citation: Lin, J.; Wu, K.; Yang, S.; Liu, based on statistical data can reveal the pattern of population flow, it also shows a time lag. Most Q. The Asymmetric Pattern of of the population flow network research based on location services data has failed to fully discuss Population Mobility during the the symmetry of directional outflows and inflows in the same place and the two-way symmetrical Spring Festival in the Yangtze River connections between places.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Obstacle Diagnosis of Ecosystem Security in Huaihe River Economic Belt
    Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 30, No. 6 (2021), 5377-5389 DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/135608 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2021-09-01 Original Research Research on Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Obstacle Diagnosis of Ecosystem Security in Huaihe River Economic Belt Yanna Zhu1, 2*, Gang He1, 2**, Guisheng Zhang1, Xiangqian Wang2, Chaoyu Yang2 1State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China 2College of Economy and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China Address: No.168, Taifeng Street, Huainan, Anhui province, China Received: 12 December 2020 Accepted: 8 April 2021 Abstract The security pattern of the ecosystem in Huaihe River Economic Belt plays a vital role in maintaining the healthy and stable structure of the ecosystem and the green development of the ecological environment in the central and eastern regions of China. This study takes Anhui section of Huaihe River Economic Belt as the case studies, and then the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) theory was used to construct the ecosystem security evaluation index system. In addition, cloud matter element as well as resistance diagnosis model was adopted to dynamically evaluate the spatio-temporal evolution pattern. The final stage was to diagnose main obstacle factors of ecosystem security in Anhui section of Huaihe River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2018. The results indicate that: (1) Overall, the ecosystem security level of Anhui section of the Huaihe River Economic belt has undergone the evolution trend of “descending - ascending - descending - ascending”, and the overall change shows the curve of “W” shape.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Information Bankruptcy and Liquidation of a Subsidiary of the Company
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. (a sino-foreign joint stock limited company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China) (Stock Code: 00991) INSIDE INFORMATION BANKRUPTCY AND LIQUIDATION OF A SUBSIDIARY OF THE COMPANY This announcement is made by Datang International Power Generation Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) pursuant to Part XIVA of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and Rules 13.09(2)(a) and 13.10B of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited（the “Hong Kong Listing Rules”). This announcement is also made by the Company pursuant to Rules 13.25(1), 13.51B(2) and 13.51(2)(l) of the Hong Kong Listing Rules. The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) announced that Datang Anqing Biomass Power Generation Co., Ltd. (“Anqing Company”), a holding subsidiary of the Company, received the Civil Ruling from the People’s Court of Daguan District, Anqing City, Anhui Province ((2021) Wan 0803 Po Shen No. 1) recently. 1. OVERVIEW OF THE BANKRUPTCY AND LIQUIDATION Anqing Company applied to the People’s Court of Daguan District, Anqing City, Anhui Province for the bankruptcy and liquidation on the ground that it was unable to settle its due debts and its assets were insufficient to pay off all its debts.
    [Show full text]
  • Huangshan Hongcun Two Day Tour
    ! " # Guidebook $%&' Hefei Overview Hefei, capital of Anhui Province, is located in the middle part of China between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River and beside Chaohu Lake. It occupies an area of 7,029 square kilometers of which the built-up urban area is 838.52 square kilometers. With a total population of about five million, the urban residents number about 2.7 million. As the provincial seat, the city is the political, economic, cultural, commercial and trade, transportation and information centre of Anhui Province as well as one of the important national scientific research and education bases. $% !() Hefei Attractions *+, The Memorial Temple Of Lord Bao The full name of this temple is the Memorial Temple of Lord Bao Xiaoshu. It was constructed in memory of Bao Zheng, who is idealized as an upright and honest official and a political reformer in the Song Dynasty. Xiaoshu is Lord Bao's posthumous name that was granted by Emperor Renzhong of the Song Dynasty in order to promote Lord Bao's contribution to the country. Former Residence of Li Hongzhang Lord Bao 1 -./01 Former Residence of Li Hongzhang Former Residence of Li Hongzhang is located on the Huaihe Road (the mid-section) in Hefei. It was built in the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. The entire building looks magnificent with carved beams and rafters. It is the largest existing and best preserved former residence of a VIP in Hefei and is a key cultural relic site under the protection of Anhui Provincial Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Consequences of Environmental Pollution in Running Water Ecosystems: a Case Study in Zooplankton*
    Environmental Pollution 252 (2019) 1483e1490 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Pollution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol Biological consequences of environmental pollution in running water ecosystems: A case study in zooplankton* * Wei Xiong a, Ping Ni a, b, Yiyong Chen a, b, Yangchun Gao a, b, Shiguo Li a, b, Aibin Zhan a, b, a Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China article info abstract Article history: Biodiversity in running water ecosystems such as streams and rivers is threatened by chemical pollution Received 19 February 2019 derived from anthropogenic activities. Zooplankton are ecologically indicative in aquatic ecosystems, Received in revised form owing to their position of linking the top-down and bottom-up regulators in aquatic food webs, and thus 10 June 2019 of great potential to assess ecological effects of human-induced pollution. Here we investigated the Accepted 12 June 2019 influence of water pollution on zooplankton communities characterized by metabarcoding in Songhua Available online 24 June 2019 River Basin in northeast China. Our results clearly showed that varied levels of anthropogenic distur- bance significantly influenced water quality, leading to distinct environmental pollution gradients Keywords: < Water pollution (p 0.001), particularly derived from total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and pH. Redundancy analysis fi fl Biodiversity showed that such environmental gradients signi cantly in uenced the geographical distribution of Metabarcoding zooplankton biodiversity (R ¼ 0.283, p ¼ 0.001). In addition, along with the trend of increasing envi- Songhua River Basin ronmental pollution, habitat-related indicator taxa were shifted in constituents, altering from large-sized Zooplankton species (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway on the Economic Development of Prefecture-Level Cities Along the Line Based on DID Model
    E3S Web of Conferences 235, 01016 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123501016 NETID 2020 The Effect of Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway on the Economic Development of Prefecture-Level Cities Along the Line Based on DID Model Ma Yuzhou1 1School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Abstract. High-speed railway has an essential impact on the economic and social development of the regions along the line. Based on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, this paper constructs the DID model and analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway on the economic development of prefecture-level cities along the route from the empirical perspective. The empirical analysis results show that the Beijing- Shanghai high-speed railway has a significant negative impact on the per capita GDP of prefecture-level cities along the line in the short term, mainly because the agglomeration effect is greater than the diffusion effect. Therefore, small cities should actively think about how to deal with the agglomeration effect caused by the construction of high-speed rail. billion yuan. The line is a project with the most massive 1 Introduction scale and highest technique since the founding of China. The BSHSR, which owns faster speed, fewer stops, and Since the opening of Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed more running trains, adds a vital passenger transport railway in 2008, China's high-speed railway (abbreviated channel for the eastern region. BSHSR improves the to “HSR”, for short) has stepped into a rapid expansion transportation capacity of Beijing-Shanghai line, meets stage, and the "four vertical and four horizontal" HSR the ever-growing travel demand of passengers, and network planned and constructed by the state has taken strengthens the connection between the two urban clusters shape.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Art Characteristics of Painted Pottery Based on the Theory of Teacher Creation
    Journal of Frontiers in Art Research DOI: 10.23977/jfar.2021.010220 Clausius Scientific Press, Canada Volume 1, Number 2, 2021 A Study on the Art Characteristics of Painted Pottery Based on the Theory of Teacher Creation Wang Cheng,Shao Shi-jia School of Art , Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, Anhui, 233020, China Keywords: Theory of creation, The boundary first painted pottery, The folk custom culture, Folklore characteristics, Decorative properties Abstract: Jieshou painted pottery is a kind of local folk painted pottery in Jieshou City, Anhui Province. It has a long history. Its firing skills have been selected into a number of national intangible cultural heritage lists. It is an important cultural and material product in folk arts. It embodies the aesthetic trend of Chinese folk art advocating nature and pursuing harmony. This paper applies the aesthetic theory of “outside teacher creation, Zhongde Xinyuan” to the study of the first painted pottery, combines the two, explores the aesthetic characteristics and cultural connotations of the first painted pottery in the intangible cultural heritage of our country, and shows the folk culture. Carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture. 1. Introduction “The outside teacher creates, obtains the heart source” from the Tang Dynasty painter, the painting theorist Zhang Yanyuan writes “the past dynasties famous painting Ji “, emphasizes the artist should take the creation as the teacher, namely takes the nature as the teacher, emphasizes the nature to the artistic creation significance. Nature is the source of artistic creation. Art is to inject personal emotion and aesthetic will into natural things by observing the natural things around them.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Risk Assessment of Fluoride in Drinking Water from Anhui Province in China
    Environ Monit Assess (2013) 185:3687–3695 DOI 10.1007/s10661-012-2820-9 Health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water from Anhui Province in China Hong-jian Gao & You-qian Jin & Jun-ling Wei Received: 4 February 2012 /Accepted: 25 July 2012 /Published online: 19 August 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract This study analyzes the concentrations and safety in drinking water and controlling endemic health risks of fluoride in 249 drinking water samples fluorosis in different regions of Anhui Province. collected from different regions of Anhui Province in China. Results indicated that fluoride content in drinking Keywords Fluoride concentrations . Drinking water . waterrangedfrom0.12to1.94mgL−1 (mean00.57 mg Health risk assessment . Endemic diseases L−1) in the following order: Huaibei plain region > Jianghuai hill region ≈ Dabieshan mountainous region > plain along the Yangtze River region > Introduction southern Anhui mountainous region. The fluoride contents were less than 0.50 mg L−1 in 66.66 % of the Fluorine is the lightest halogen and one of the most drinking water samples, 0.51–1.0 mg L−1 in 23.29 %, reactive of all chemical elements (Kaminsky et al. − and higher than 1.0 mg L 1 in 12.04 %. The fluoride 1990). It is also the most electronegative element, levels in some samples were lower than the which indicates its strong tendency to acquire a nega- recommended values for controlling dental caries tive charge and form F− ions in solution (Helm 1985). − (0.50–1.0 mg L 1). The total fluoride intake from Fluorine is found as fluoride in the environment, drinking water was between 0.14 and 2.33 mg per day which together represent about 0.06–0.09 % of the in different regions of the province, supposing an earth’s crust.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China
    JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 15, 237±288 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0010 Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China LI LIU School of Archaeology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Received June 12, 1995; revision received May 17, 1996; accepted May 26, 1996 In the third millennium B.C., the Longshan culture in the Central Plains of northern China was the crucial matrix in which the ®rst states evolved from the basis of earlier Neolithic societies. By adopting the theoretical concept of the chiefdom and by employing the methods of settlement archaeology, especially regional settlement hierarchy and rank-size analysis, this paper introduces a new approach to research on the Longshan culture and to inquiring about the development of the early states in China. Three models of regional settlement pattern correlating to different types of chiefdom systems are identi®ed. These are: (1) the centripetal regional system in circumscribed regions representing the most complex chiefdom organizations, (2) the centrifugal regional system in semi-circumscribed regions indicating less integrated chiefdom organization, and (3) the decentral- ized regional system in noncircumscribed regions implying competing and the least complex chief- dom organizations. Both external and internal factors, including geographical condition, climatic ¯uctuation, Yellow River's changing course, population movement, and intergroup con¯ict, played important roles in the development of complex societies in the Longshan culture. As in many cultures in other parts of the world, the early states in China emerged from a system of competing chiefdoms, which was characterized by intensive intergroup con¯ict and frequent shifting of political centers.
    [Show full text]