The Congregational Churches of Vermont and Their Ministry, 1762-1914
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CONGREGATIONAL CHUR 1762-1914 M5C7 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllliifllllliHIIIIilH ;0.i/j.l5~,\ v H gyv» princeton, n. j. ln Purchased by the Mrs. Robert Lenox Kennedy Church History Fund. Division..u)\J...L' Section ' V Sr/.L/.../ y}£^/?7^<?m4foJC The CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES of VERMONT and THEIR MINISTRY 1762-1914 HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL •y By JOHN M. COMSTOCK Corresponding Secretary of Vermont Congregational Conference St. Johnsbury, Vt., THE CALEDONIAN COMPANY, 1915 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS The reader will note the following corrections, and one item of additional Information. Page 120, last line, New should read Now Page 140, No. 22, Crew should read Crewt I'a.u'c lol, Knowlton. Stephen, should be No. 59 Page 156, No. 7. Langford, John Cosyn; Ely, Eng., Jan. 22, 1851 No. 11, B 9M belongs in this line No. 12, D C 82, Y 85, belongs here No. 67, B 13 belongs here, and not with No. 66 Page 173, the following numbers should read thus: No. 31, Poultney No. 32, Oct. 29, 1828, Sudbury: Winchester, N. II.. Apr. 3, 1816 No. :::!. Mar. 21, 1888. Warren, Woodbury, Calais Xo. 31. Dee. 3. 1788, Sharon, Chelsea, Highgate; Chelsea, duly 19, 1843 X... 35, Nov. 20. iso."). Pomfret; Halifax. X. S.. Sept. 11. 1818 Pajjc 174. Xo. id. Wells. Moses Hemmenway CONTENTS Page The Beginnings j Later History 21 Organizations 22 Vermont Domestic Missionary Society 14 Fairbanks Boards 26 Religious Periodicals 26 Women's Organizations 28 Associations of Churches 28 Ministerial Associations 29 Annual Meetings of State Body 21 The Towns, Their Church and Ministry 26 Alphabetical List of Ministers 126 Vermont 's Contribution to the Ministry 180 FOREWORD. The undertaking of preparing a historj of the Congrega- tional churches of Vermont was first seriously proposed by Rev. Pliny H. White, who had unusual gifts for historical re- search. He had collected much [material, when his early and lamented death in 186!) put an end to his researches. Rev. Azel W. Wild succeeded to the results of Ins labors, and gathered in addition a vast amount of data about the early historj of Congregationalism in the state. His design to publish a volume on the subject was approved by the state Convention, and sample pages ami a prospectus were put in print: but greatly to Me. Wild's disappointment, the work was of such size as not to he readily salable, and he reluctantly abandoned the project. II is manuscript, which contains a history of each church down to 1830 and biographies of pastors and native ministers to the same date, has been deposited in the Congregational Library in Boston. The present writer, who succeeded Mr. Wild in the position of corresponding secretary of the state body, is deeply in- debted to his predecessor for his courtesy in permitting the use of his manuscript, as well as of his valuable collection of material covering the more recenl years. il<- has prepared this volume in the belief that a work of less ambitious scope and smaller compass would he welcomed by Congregationalists of his native state. Its historical outline professes to lie hut a brief summary. The statistics form the major part of the work, and have been prepared with much care, having always as their substantial basis the earlier work of Mr. White and especially the invaluable collection of Mr. Wild. Errors and omissions will be found, as the writer is painfully aware. Some of these could perhaps have been rectified by further investigation, but it has not seemed best to delay publi- cation longer. 6 Vermont Congregationalism. It should be needless to say that this little volume does not profess to be a history of organized Christianity in Vermont, and makes no mention of the other denominations which have had a large and worthy part in the religious life of the people. Its only aim is to cover the outlines of the work of that denomina- tion which was the first of Protestants in the field and has al- ways maintained the first place in number of churches and of communicants. John M. Comstock. Chelsea, Vt., July 1, 1914. THE BEGINNINGS. For the beginnings of Congregationalism in Vermont we go back to the first coming of English-speaking white settlers, or even earlier. The first Protestant* religious service in Vermont was undoubtedly held in the town of Rockingham in March, 1704. Rev. John Williams, pastor of the church in Deerfield, Mass., during a Sunday halt in the mournful march toward Canada of the captives taken at the famous raid upon Deer- field preached a sermon to the remnants of his congregation on the bank of the stream which now bears his name. The first independent English settlement in the state was at Fort Dum- mer, now Brattleboro, in 1724. By 172S a chaplain was in regu- lar appointment at the fort, and so for a long time thereafter. The chaplain was a Congregationalist, and there should natur- ally have been a church organized at Brattleboro earlier than elsewhere. Just why this was not done is not quite plain. The organization there, as will be seen, was not effected till many years later. The rapid settlement of Vermont did not begin until the close of the French and Indian War, when the region first ceased to be in constant danger from Indian attack. Settlers now came in rapidly from the longer settled parts of New England. These were nearly all of Puritan stock, and so naturally Congre- gationalists. The first of the new settlements was at Benning- ton, and there the first church of our order and the first Protestant church in the state was organized in 1762, the next year after the beginning of the town. The formation of this church calls for special notice. It was constituted by formal union of churches in Hardwick and Sunderland. Mass., whose members had emigrated in a body, joined presently by a church in Westfield, Mass., whose pastor Roman Catholicism temporarily preceded Protestantism in the state. At Fort St. Anne, in Tsle la Motte. mass was resrularly said as early as 1664 or '6. Jesuit priests were also active among- the Indians along- Lake Champlain soon after this date, and built a little church edifice at Swanton probablv in 1700. 8 Vermont Congregationalism. became pastor of the Bennington church, and by a part of a church at Newent (then in Norwich, but now in Lisbon), Conn. These were all "separate" churches, not in fellowship with "regular" Congregational churches. The widespread "separ- ate"* movement in Massachusetts and Connecticut had its ori- gin in a protest against the "halfway covenant" and formalism, and in insistence upon vital religion in the pulpit and in the membership of the churches,—these being stimulated by the "Great Awakening" which attended the preaching of White- lield and his associates. It was attended by many excesses and follies, but on the whole wrought a good work. The church of Bennington, t then, was irregular in its formation, as indeed in various ways were several other of the earlier churches. The course of immigration followed two parallel lines on the western and eastern sides of the state. The next church organ- ized in 1764 was well up the Connecticut valley, at Newbury, joined with Haverhill, N. H. Next follow Westminster, 1767; Windsor (joined with Cornish, N. H.), 1768; Guilford, J 1767 or '8; Brattleboro (now West Brattleboro), about 1770; Nor- wich, North church, 1770; First church in Hartford (Presby- terian but afterwards becoming Congregational,—the "Dothan" church), 1771; Thetford, 1773; Rutland (now West Rutland), 1773; Rockingham and Chester,§ 1773; Newfane, 1774; Weath- ersfield, First church, 1775; Putney, 1776; Marlboro, 1776; Royalton, 1777; Townshend, 1777; Halifax, 1778; West Wind- *The most authoritative account of this movement may be found in "The Separates, or Strict Congregationalists of New England," by Rev. S. Leroy Blake, a native Vermonter, born in Cornwall, published by the Pilgrim Press. The theory that immigration to Vermont was largely stimulated by persecution of the Separatists on the part of the "Standing Order" in Mass. and Conn, has been disproved by Prof. J. B. Goodrich. See The Vermont Review for January, 1:307. fThe story goes that growth of Congregationalism at Bennington was stimulated by the policy of Samuel Robinson, leader of the Ben- nington settlers, who inquired into the religious preferences of new- comers, inviting Congregationalists to remain in Bennington, but di- recting Baptists to Shaftsbury and Episcopalians to Arlington, while those of no preference were turned toward Pownal. It is certainly true that the first Baptist church in the state was organized in Shafts- bury, which town has remained loyal to that denomination, and the first Episcopal service was held at Arlington, while Pownal has never been a stronghold of any branch of the church. JThis town, most populous in the state in the censuses of 1791 and 1800, lias suffered more from emigration than any other. §The two towns combined in one organization. Upon their separa- tion in 1778 each church retained the original date of organization. Vermont Congregationalism. 9 sor, 1778; Dummerston, 177!*: Iiartland, 1779. Of these 21 churches formed before 1780, only two are west of the moun- tains. The period of beginnings may be considered somewhat arbi- trarily to end with the elose of the 18th century. Before the be- ginning of 1801, 76 more Congregational churches were organized, making in all 97; but three of these had become extinct, so thai the new century was begun with 94 churches. Nearly all these were in the southern half of the state, where most of the earlier settlements naturally lay. At Bennington and Newbury, as we have seen, the church began with the town, the sentiment of the early settlers being predominantly religious.