Black Sea-Caspian Sea: strategy for a wider region Cultural heritage and barbarians of the XXIst century No. 5, 2012

BSEC’s th

0anniversary: Alexander 2mutual trust, Dugin: common priorities formula Azerbaijan and Europe’s to the future energy security of Eurasia

It’s raining with Olympic medals

Vlade Divac: the legend goes on SERBIA LOOKS IN TOMORROW BorodinoBorodino Panorama Panorama The Adriatic landscape - the background of the “summit” of the Black Sea-Caspian Sea Fund BSCSIFCHRONICLE - is the direct proof of the Fund’s broadening BSCSIFCHRONICLE photo: Vyacheslav Samoshkin outward the region

The “Maestral” Hotel will be remembered as the place where important decisions were made impersonated by the Ambassador Livio Hürzeler - joining our ranks. This suggests that the values ​​targeted by the statute and the strategy of the Fund, and, foremost, the promotion of dialogue, peace and harmony, are in tune with the European ones, but also in tune with the Eurasian values, because we also accepted an Iranian citizen as a full BSCSIF member. Today, our Fund is getting wider, indeed. Where did our meeting take place? At the Adriatic Sea, in Mon- tenegro, and this is not a part of the Black Sea- Caspian Sea region. The Assembly’s attendees paid a moment-of-silence According to the second pivotal tribute to the tragically deceased friend - BSCSIF Vice- decision adopted, there will be estab- President, Prof. Tamaz Beradze A strategy lished within the Fund a Center for Strategic Research of the Black Sea – Caspian Sea region. It was a very wise idea - to gather under one roof for a wider region scholars, professionals and academi- cians from most of our countries. Representatives from 16 countries are greeted by The geography of the International Fund for What triggered this initiative? The the Mayor of Budva, Mr. Lazar RADJENOVIC. Next region has a series of issues that re- to him are the guests: Borka TRAJKOVIC, the Cooperation and Partnership of the Black and spokesman of Montenegro’s MFA (to the right) quire a strictly scientific approach. and Argon CAMAJ, Deputy Minister of Culture. Caspian seas (BSCSIF) is broadening. Today, it And now we are waiting for propos- Also, there were present the ambassadors of the als from the countries in the region member countries of the Fund to Montenegro already includes 16 countries. About cutting-edge on research topics: what problems are solutions, put forward during the recurrent meeting of national, governmental interests to these countries, international in- Developing and strengthening the International Fund, its of the ruling General Assembly, held on the shores terests, i.e. problems that need deep leaders spare no effort, and sometimes even health ... This is no of the Adriatic, in the Montenegrin town of Budva, scientific research, including the news to the BSCSIF President, Victor KHMARIN (in the center) involvement of local scientists, spe- In ardent, friendly discussions truth is born. In the talks the Vice-President and Secretary General of cialists, researchers and experts. On photo (from the right to the left): BSCSIF Secretary the ground of these proposals, the list General Eldar HASANOV, Director of the Fund’s the Fund, Eldar HASANOV. Our photo-spread Istanbul branch Ismail SAFI, BSCSIF Vice-Presidents of research topics will be elaborated. Akkan SUVER and Iulian FOTA complements the story. In order to organize and coordinate our work accurately, we decided that It is gratifying to note that, at Assembly has adopted three strategic Union, which also foresees the East- the research institute will be located our Fund, they made significant countries, on courses held by world- the fourth year of its existence, decisions. ern Partnership, the Neighborhood at the headquarters of the Fund, in progress in training such personnel. renown professors, academicians, our Fund has become a major Firstly, the Strategy 2020 was ap- Programme and the Strategy for the Bucharest. Its provisions and struc- Switzerland went though the same scientists in civil society, tolerance, international organization, proved - the fruit of our work during Danube Region... Consequently, all ture have been adopted. We have experience. Why not use it in other ecology, economy, free mass-media, which, considering its statu- a year and a half. If our international the specialists involved have unani- created an expert group that will countries in the region, too? democratization, fight with drug BSCSIF c hron ic le BSCSIF tory goals and objectives, aims to organization has a serious, long- mously agreed upon the idea of ​​a select personnel for the soon-to-be That is why the GA decided to trafficking and terrorism... The du- Iinvolve more qualified professionals, term strategy, which covers the basic wider region of the Black Sea and center, will look for a coordinator – a initiate courses: to train national ration of courses is - one to three scientists, experts, and delves into the principles, rules and directions of the Caspian Sea, which would not well-known, influential professor, staff and make them, thus, able to months. Each country can do it on research of the issues of the Black Sea work, given the specificity of each limit our scope to only the pools of academician. participate in the implementation of the account of prestigious universi- - Caspian Sea region and searches region, we can solve major prob- the two seas, but would also include The specific of the modern world European and international projects, ties. And very importantly, we have resolutions to them. lems that currently exist here. When certain adjacent countries. And it’s a consists in the very volatile atmos- including those from UN, OSCE, approved the international certificate, The 9th Board Meeting can be elaborating this document, we took great success for BSCSIF. phere within the relations between Council of Europe, the European which is currently undergoing legal rightly called a historical one, it was into account the opinions of experts, It is more than enough to men- civilizations, within dialogue, the Union and UNESCO. The decision procedures. That is, after the course carried out simultaneously with the political scientists, sociologists, tion that during this spring’s Board of lack of tolerance. Therefore, the need was of such nature that each country is completed, the young receive the BSCSIF General Assembly (GA), to economists, and non-governmental Directors Meeting in Istanbul, Mon- for having national young experts will select, on the basis of five-six certificate and begin working in the which we invited all our honorable organizations from each region. We tenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina has emerged in our regions. In this universities, the best 20-25 talented, correspondent area. Each country, Fund members. It was held in very have set the document in accordance joined the Fund. This time, we were respect, Turkey and Romania have young graduates, doctoral students, member of the Fund, will have spe- lively discussions, and the General with the Strategy of the European very pleased to find Switzerland – ample experience: with the help of who will be trained in respective cialized staff in different domains,

2 3 contents BSCSIFCHRONICLE

BSCSIFchronicle which are very important and neces- situated, by the way, in the center of the A strategy for a wider region / sary today, for our wider region. city. We work with many European and 2 Another topical issue that caused The ranks of the Fund have been American universities. During this pe- Abouta friend long discussions was to create within complemented with new members. riod, in our educational system, major Among them are Manana SANADZE, “His soul breathed peace and harmony...” the Fund an economic structure, a reformation has been done: we switched / 8 No. 5, 2012 mechanism that would allow coor- rector and founder of the University to three-step training - bachelor, mas- ______of Georgia in Tbilisi, also Doctor of eventsand people dinating better the execution of one ter’s degree and PhD. Besides the Geor- Editorial Board of our main objectives - the develop- Historical Sciences and her compatri- gian-speaking department we also have Bsec: through difficulties to shared interests / 9 Mahir N.Quarayev, Azerbaijan ment of economic cooperation in the ot Zurab DAVITASHVILI, Doctor of Po- an English-speaking one. Therefore, we Dr. Suver’s youth secret / 10 Tamaz Beradze, Prof., Deputy Editor, Georgia wider BSCS region. Currently, the litical Sciences and professor at Tbilisi constantly bring in foreign students to Murat Auezov, Kazakhstan State University. As to the structure “Intellectual Davos” in Baku problems that exist in this regard - different faculties. Altogether, the uni- / 11 Bayan Sarigulov, Kyrgyzstan the bureaucracy, the abuses – affect of the Board of Directors, M.Sanadze versity is developing successfully. thecountries of the region Ion Hadârcă, Republic of Moldova the activity of business people, mem- has taken the place of Prof. Tamaz I got informed with regard to the Fund’s Mikhail Sinelnikov, Russia bers of the Fund, reputed companies, Beradze, who passed away untimely. activity and I string along with its ideas. In this section we will present to our readers another Corneliu Vlad, Deputy Editor, Romania experts and economists. Given their Also, as a member of the Fund, was How do I see my contribution to the country, member of the Black Sea - Caspian Sea Çağrı Erhan, Prof. Dr., Turkey opinions, we decided to establish a coopted Rati BERADZE, the grandson Fund? Our university was opened when International Fund working group that would develop of the deceased professor, a univer- the civil society in Georgia was in the Editor-in-Chief: Vyacheslav Samoshkin the provisions on such a mechanism sity student. process of formation, which is, usu- Serbia - The spirit of full trust / 12 English version: Olga Condratiuc for the active, dynamic coordination ally, a very intense process. We had to Art Director: Dan Mihalache of the economic cooperation – be- break the old mentality and introduce SOUTHERNCORRIDOR - economy ______ginning with the transport, tariffs, new perspectives about democracy and Azerbaijan and the energetic security of Europe / 16 The Magazine is being published cargo security, and transparency of civil society. Our university plays an by the International Fund For Cooperation economic relations, beginning with important role in this regard. And one interview and Partnership of the Black Sea the projects that the countries have of BSCSIF’s main objectives is precisely Alexander Dugin: Eurasian keys to the future and the Caspian Sea in mind and which countries are the development of civil society in the / 17 able to finance projects. One of the countries of the Black Sea and on this cultureand us President: Viktor Khmarin main tasks of the working group is to basis, the integration into Europe. The Secretary General and Vice-President: ensure transparency and direct com- Fund’s ideas and the ideas of the found- How do we preserve the cultural heritage? / 18 Eldar Hasanov munication between business people. ers of the University bring us together Executive Coordinator of Central Office Second - fight bureaucracy that they very closely. projects,projects Adviser for Economic and Financial face. For instance, here is a Turkish On the crest of high-tech / 32 Cooperation: company that has been repeatedly Marcela Curmei In Moscow, there has been created meeting obstacles for two years re- Adviser to Secretary General garding a certain project in Kazakh- the Alliance of the Seas / 33 Project Coordinator: Yulia Akhunova stan. And thanks to the intervention Manana SANADZE shared her Adviser to Vice-President: of our Fund, the situation was suc- plans regarding the Fund and talked Oh,sport, you are peace! ... Luiza Popa cessfully resolved. A Ukrainian com- about her, too: The Olympic flame ______pany has encountered bureaucratic ISSN 2069 – 766X; ISSN-L = 2069 – 766X obstacles in Romania - the Fund y profile, in matter of history, is in our hearts / 34 Printed at Tipografia Everest, Bucharest intervened at governmental level and Mrefers to the Middle Ages and EXlibris helped it. In Russia, Romanian and the Late Antiquity. I graduated from Bulgarian companies got in contact the Faculty of Orientology at the South Caucasus: “Irreconcilable differences” / 36 with us through the Board of Direc- University of Tbilisi. In 2002 I have ______tors for assistance. I’m glad that all of visited the United States, many campus- pagesof history The opinions expressed by the authors it had positive outcomes. universities, and I was utterly impressed. do not necessarily reflect the views of the Both parties want to work / c hron ic le BSCSIF I think, within a month, we will There were no such campuses in the 37 «Dialogue of the Seas» editors. complete the elaboration of a version Soviet space. Suddenly, I wanted to start When using the material, the reference gallery of this mechanism and will put it to something similar in Georgia. Together A new BSCSIF and Board of to the magazine is obligatory. Museum-Panorama the Battle of Borodino / 38 ______vote at the Board of Directors Meeting. with my colleague Ghyuli Alasania we Directors member became Editorial address: It is important to help and decided to organize the University of Livio HÜRZELER, diplomat, BSCSIFchronicle Bucharest, 13-19 Alecu Russo street, sector 2. support the members of the Georgia; at first it was called the Geor- Foreign Relations Adviser Tel: +40 21 211 1151, +40 21 211 1152; (Switzerland), shared his The Black Sea NGO Forum in Bucharest / International Fund - both legal gian University of Social Sciences, and 40 fax: +40 21 211 4094; and natural persons. The most then we opened the technical depart- thoughts with us: The”New Silk Road” poetic anthology http://www.bscsif.ro important are their interests, and the ment, the engineering department, the e-mail: [email protected] second - the interests of the region, IT ... After nine years, it has become the uring my mission as ambassador All is fulfilled / 41 [email protected] especially during the financial and largest private university in Georgia. We Dof Switzerland to Romania, Mamed Ismail / 42 economic crisis. have 4000 students and a huge campus, I became very interested in the

4 5 BSCSIFCHRONICLE BSCSIFCHRONICLE

strategic role of the Black Sea - manuscripts, which are at the disposal sented by Gulnara ISMAILOVA. pull up women’s entrepreneurship, to Caspian Sea region. To be more of scholars, artists and students. He That’s what she said: develop a network of businesswomen specific, its crucial importance studied medicine and psychology at Our organization has a dynamic our forum was created. And not only for Europe’s energy supply, which the British University. He is 49. He collaboration with the State Commit- in Azerbaijan, but in the region, too. could be jeopardized by the risk of also does charity, helps the orphan tee for Family, Women and Children The scopes of our forum and of the the frozen conflicts that have the children. His father was one of the Affairs of Azerbaijan Republic, Min- Black Sea-Caspian Sea Fund match. potential to degenerate into a war, founders of the Islamic Republic. istry of Economic Development, the We put a big emphasis on the ex- made me aware of the necessity S.Mahfouzi could not come to the Council of State Support to NGOs change of international experience, to do something for the stability assembly, because of a hand injury. He under the President of Azerbaijan. conduct socio-economic and gen- and the prosperity of that highly was represented by a young lawyer, Youth and women’s entrepreneur- der researches. We also collaborate volatile region. In this regard, the Mahmoud REZA (in the photo), which ship receives great support from the with the UN, UN Women, Flashing exploitation of the huge economic helps Mahfouzi organizing exhibitions state. It promotes women’s access Found, UPA, UNTP. At the end of potential through economic abroad. The initiative to enroll a rep- to entrepreneurship, particularly in the year, in Azerbaijan will take cooperation and foreign investments resentative from Iran belongs to the the financial sector. And in order to place the international conference of appears to me as an opportunity not president of the Fund, Victor KHMA- businesswomen with the support of to be missed. The BSCSIF, to which I RIN. Discussing over the candidature SPECA - UN Special Programme for was introduced by H.E. Ambassador Another full member of the Fund of S.Mahfouzi, the board members s a honorary member of the the Economies of Central Asia. Eldar Hasanov, Secretary General, and its Board of Directors became stressed that they are interested in the AFund was appointed Vlade represents the appropriate Sadiq Mahfouzi. fate of the people - thinking that the DIVAC, the legend of Serbian bas- Traditionally, there were car- framework to make this potential isolation of it solves the problem is er- ketball, twice world champion, three ried out presentations of companies a fruitful one, by optimizing the his is a well-known figure of Ira- roneous. “Accepting an Iranian citizen times European champion, Chair- and non-profit organizations from efforts of various international Tnian culture, art collector that into our Fund is something natural man of Serbia’s Olympic Committee. the countries of the Black Sea- actors involved here. I believe that established in Tehran the Anthro- and represents a civil approach, - was Together with him, BSCSIF’s ranks Caspian Sea region, including VP my wide experience in international pological Encyclopedia Center - a mentioned during the debate. – In were also joined by the charitable Holding and SIVECO (Romania), cooperation, accumulated for more unique museum of Iranian antiqui- influencing the normalization of a foundation established by him - “Ana Atlas Group (Montenegro), OTP – than thirty one years of diplomacy, ties, which he collects both from Iran certain situation, in reducing the risk and Vlade Divac Foundation”, which “Organizational-Technological Solu- can be a useful asset to help the and abroad. The collection consists of confrontation in case of misunder- offers strong financial and moral sup- tions” (Russia), the Foundation “Ana Fund fulfilling its goals. of over 70 thousand works of art and standings, our Fund may play its role”. port to hundreds of refugees from and Vlade Divac” (Serbia), as well as the former Yugoslav republics. The the presentation of the “Sun Stream” Secretary General E.Hasanov gave Project on energy (Russia). him and a series of other meritorious members, an honorary diploma of ow should look the Fund’s mechanism on coordination and practical implementation of the economic the Black Sea-Caspian Sea Fund for Hcooperation between the companies of the Black Sea - Caspian Sea region and the countries the noble work, for the promotion of represented in BSCSIF? Three options were put forward. the Fund’s ideas.

SCSIF signed a partnership Bagreement on cooperation with a number of companies from Azerbai- jan, Russia, Serbia, Montenegro and Romania. Among them - VP Hold- ing, represented by its Vice-Presi- dent, Bogdan ALDEA (on the

BSCSIF c hron ic le BSCSIF photo together with BSCSIF Adviser, Marcela Curmei) and the Forum of Businesswomen of Azerbaijan, repre-

The representative of Belarus, The member of the Board of Directors Mrjana PRLEVIC from Serbia (to Vitalie BUZDUGAN called the right) considers more effective the idea of a Black Sea-Caspian Sea or a for the creation of a commercial Eurasian Business Club, where the Fund would be one of the founders. structure within the Fund And the Director of BSCSIF Moscow branch, Mikhail ZERNOV (to the left) talked about the already established economic structure in Moscow, the “Alliance of the seas”, which could serve as the basis for BSCSIF’s sought economic mechanism (details about it on page 33). An exhibition of paintings by artists from Azerbaijan, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina have decorated the venue

6 7 abouta friend EVENTSAND PEOPLE photo: Vyacheslav samoshkin “His soul Bsec: through difficulties breathed peace to shared interests and harmony...” At its anniversary summit, the high standing - whether that was an issue of Contrary to the emerging disagree- One of the highlights representatives of the participating energy security or the simplification of ments and conflict situations, which is, of 2012 was the summit countries discussed issues of the Black the visa regime. Given the Declaration by the way, a peculiarity of international ast summer, Tamaz Sea region, analyzed the current draw- of BSEC Summit in Istanbul and the relations, we, the BSEC member-coun- BERADZE - our of the Organization of backs in the organization and designed decisions made there, we can say that tries should negotiate for peace, pros- great friend, the Black Sea Economic a short-and medium-term strategy of the attendees had a very effective activ- perity and a bright future of our region, Vice-President of the development, aimed at increasing the ity. And this is very gratifying to us, the and we must discuss these important International Fund Cooperation (BSEC) capacity of the organization, at aug- hosts of this Summit. issues like brothers. for Cooperation and Partnership on the occasion of the menting its potential and functionality. By the way, the International Fund for And namely BSEC can help us in this Lof the Black Sea and the Caspian Cooperation and Partnership of the effort. When it will become a strong Sea (BSCSIF), famous Georgian 20th anniversary of its What highlights of this meeting do Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (BSCSIF) organization, it will be easier to find historian and professor at the establishment, held in you particularly remember? What attended the NGOs forum. It expressed opportunities for dialogue and develop University of Georgia, Deputy kind of new ideas were enunciated its opinion and ideas about the chronic a common platform for discussions. Chief Editor of the “Dialogue of June, in Istanbul. there? problems of the Black Sea-Caspian Sea Today, what we need is dialogue and the Seas” magazine - tragically This time, the summit held in Istanbul, region, and then, made in writing spe- tolerant talks in our region. deceased. In times of bereave- For the “DS” interview, was different from the analogous BSEC cific proposals to solve them. We tried to ment, the BSCSIF delegation was Ismail SAFI, the meetings, because both official and un- use the Summit in Istanbul at our best, to What kind of activities does BSEC there to support his family and official persons were brought together also promote the image of our Fund. aim to develop in the nearest future? friends in Tbilisi. Chairman of the and shared their thoughts about the How do you see the future of this What are the challenges faced cur- organization? “Tamaz Beradze – says Eldar April 2012, Istanbul, next to Hagia Sophia. Turkish Group at the problems in the Black Sea region. Presi- HASANOV, the BSCSIF Vice- One of the last photos of Professor dents, ministers, political leaders met at rently by BSEC? What kind of solu- I believe that the organization has a very President and Secretary General, Tamaz Beradze (1937-2012) Parliamentary Assembly a round table, and in two other halls, on tions to these problems do you offer? good potential and it has a bright future. - was a worthy representative of of this organization parallel forums - scientists, experts from The Organization has three main ob- But, first, some of the internal problems the intellectuals of the highest be for years to go the greatest ex- a series of “think tanks” and representa- jectives: to eliminate conflicts and to of our organization must be addressed world-class. He was a man of dia- ample for us...” (PABSEC) and the tives of nongovernmental organizations build cooperation, to support regional and the consensus upon the common logue, peace and reconciliation. Author of books and mono- Director of BSCSIF (NGOs). Obviously, today, the work of development, as well as the globaliza- benefit must be reached. We must This was rooted in his soul, in his graphs, among which of special only governmental bodies is not enough tion; to help refraining from separatism strengthen the internal structure of the blood. We lost a person who was a scientific value is the research on Istanbul branch, talks for a dignified and full-blooded coop- in Europe and Eurasia. The participants organization, make it harmonious and perfect match for the spirit of the nautics and navigation history of about the main points of eration in our region; it is required also of BSEC’s diverse summits and confer- healthy. Turkey is determined to carry Fund, and not by chance he had the Black Sea, shortly before the for work and ideas put forward by the ences have stated that in regard to par- out these tasks together with its partners been with us from the very begin- decease, T.Beradze published the the summit. civil society. ticularly these purposes there is consent in the region. During the presidency, ning. His deeds, his soul, which book “Historical Atlas of Georgia”, At the Istanbul summit, the representa- among them. But as you know, to sign passed to us by Serbia, we will put the breathed peace and harmony, will on which he had been working tives of BSEC member countries have specific agreements, after reaching full most effort into making BSEC one of during his last years (see photo uring the Cold War, the been discussing issues of common con- consensus, in this complex region, is the most influential organization in our below). The publication covers the Black Sea region was one of cern in an atmosphere of mutual under- very difficult. region and in the world. history of the Georgian state - from the most important areas, ancient times to the present days. for which there was an acerb BSEC was established at Turkey’s initiative in 1992. The organization brings together A true patriot, he was deeply competition. It hasn’t lost its six coastal states and six closest neighboring worried about the fate of Geor- importance even after the collapse of the states - Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, gia, believed in the victory of the Dbipolar system, where international players Greece, Moldova and Serbia. In addition, ideas of neighborliness and the began to shape the foreign policy with re- 13 countries, including seven EU member traditional friendship between spect to the given space, again. But this time states, have the status of observers. The the peoples. The memory of they decided not to act as rivals, because a same status has the European Commission. Tamaz Beradze - a remarkable close multilateral economic cooperation be- The complex structure of the organization man, a prominent scientist and a tween the Black Sea countries can contribute includes also the Parliamentary Assembly true citizen - will live forever in to the consolidation of peace and stability in (PABSEC), and its own bank. The overall area our hearts... the region. This is how the initiative to create of BSEC countries is 20 mil sq. km. and the BSEC was born. population - 340 mil people.

8 9 EVENTSAND PEOPLE EVENTSAND PEOPLE photo: archives текст: OLGA condratiuc photo: archives Dr. Suver’s “Intellectual Davos” youth secret in Baku his year, our mutual friend, Dr.Akkan Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku hosted the II International Suver, Vice-President Humanitarian Forum, on the topic “XXI century: hopes and challenges”. and co-founder of the International Fund It was attended by 10 former presidents, Nobel laureates, representatives for Cooperation and Partnership of international organizations, of political, scientific and cultural elite Tof the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (BSCSIF), celebrated his 70th from 70 countries. anniversary. To congratulate the prominent public figure, dozens of colleagues and friends from he idea of ​​such a different countries - ministers, scientific and political parliamentarians, scientists, platform for large- religious leaders, diplomats, scale dialogue was journalists - gathered together in put forward by the Istanbul…There were also present BSCSIF Secretary General Dr.Eldar Hasanov (to the right) hands in a symbolic gift to the birthday person presidents of Azerbaijan and BSCSIF representatives, headed by TRussia after carrying out the 2010 the Vice-President and Secretary- points in life by representatives of For dialogue, peace Azerbaijani-Russian forum on General, Dr.Eldar Hasanov. many countries. In response to the humanitarian cooperation. By One of the pleasant surprises of congratulatory speeches, the hero and intercultural today, the Baku forum already this celebration was the presenta- of the anniversary said: communication gained the name of “intellectual tion of “Doctor Akkan Suver”, the “I would like to share a secret Davos”. Its purpose is not just the Akkan Suver graduated from Istanbul University, book prepared by his wife – a well- that life prompted to me. You have being specialized in international relations and acknowledgement of a rapidly policy. And in Azerbaijan, this is multiculturalism and cultural known public figure in Turkey, Mu- to have friends! Friends are the journalism. After his military service, he worked changing world in the era of subjected to due regard. identity... zhgan Suver. She gathered in this real wealth, and you are as rich and as journalist in many Turkish newspapers and globalization, but also to carry Multiculturalism, as mentioned The final declaration of the book material, reviews, statements young at heart, as many friends magazines. Later, he entered the political arena, out genuine intercultural dialogue during discussions, is important Baku International Humanitarian joining the ranks of the Nationalist Movement about Akkan Suver, made at certain you have...” Party (NMP). However, in 1997, he decided to end his political career between states, civil societies and both for the development of different Forum states that “a characteristic and switched to social and scientific activities. He founded the Marma- religions, designed to consolidate, cultures, and for the conservation feature of the changed cultural ra Group Strategic and Social Research Foundation, being its president. in the minds of people, the great and augmentation of mankind’s context became the postmodern Authority plus charisma Every year he organizes the Eurasian Economic Summits in Istanbul, importance of tolerance and cultural achievements. If the performance, overrated values, the latest of which, the 15th, was held in April 2012 and brought prevention of conflicts between principle of multiculturalism is being stereotypes and universalities of the Dr.Eldar Hasanov, BSCSIF Vice-President and Secretary General: together 13 presidents, 30 senior officials, scientists, representatives of “Dr.Akkan Suver - authoritative and highly respected man, not culture and religion from 50 countries. civilizations. neglected, nations are doomed to modernity”. At the same time, given For the outstanding work on the promotion of dialogue and peace, When opening the forum, the isolation and stagnation. all the new aspects of globalization only in Turkey but also in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Pope Benedict XVI received him twice at Vatican and awarded him with President of Azerbaijan, Ilham A fruitful and even pioneering and their impact on the social Balkans. He has vast experience in the field of civil society. That the Medal for significant contribution into cross-cultural research. He Aliyev, emphasized that, in this work on the forum was carried out and socio-cultural processes, the was also given governmental awards from the Republic of Azerbaijan is why his name is associated with great respect and it gives, – the Order of Friendship and Progress and Mongolia’s medals - North sense, a huge role is played by the on “round tables” on the following participants of the forum declared therefore, a great prestige to our Fund, too. Besides that, he’s Star and Genghis Khan, for Eurasian Studies. level of education in a particular issues: humanitarian aspects of that they are aware of “the variability a very charismatic person. His views and research contribute He has been working as observer at general and presidential elections country. Having a higher level of economic development models; of development processes of each in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, on behalf of Turkey. In 2007 education and culture, governmental converging technologies and the society, depending on the specific significantly to the development of dialogue, tolerance and he was elected to be the observer to the Parliamentary Assembly of the and corporate social responsibility, contours of the future; modern characteristics of the socio-cultural intercultural relations. His practical activities are remarkable, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and in 2008 he became the Honorary Consul General of Montenegro to Istanbul. he said, the degree of tolerance in media and new challenges; the g r o u n d ”. especially in the economic field. For many years he has been Since March 4, 2009, he is the co-founder and Vice-President of the the society increases. I. Aliyev also system of traditional values ​​in The Baku Forum urged the organizing the Eurasian Economic Summit in Istanbul. All his International Fund for Cooperation and Partnership of the Black Sea pointed out that the phenomenon the post-modern culture; new international community to pay dynamic work serves the interests of the integration of the and the Caspian Sea (BSCSIF). of multiculturalism - another methodological approaches to close attention to the humanitarian Dr. A.Suver was elected as a permanent member of the Vienna Eco- antidote for increased conflictuality, the processes of globalization of challenges in the rapidly globalizing Black Sea-Caspian Sea region into all the fields of activity, nomic Forum. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan and Honorary Professor at the Kyrgyz University in Bishkek, internal strife to potentially grow the XXIst century; technologies, world and to support Azerbaijan’s especially into economics. We wish him good health and new member of the International Francophone Press Union and of the Turk- into international tensions and even changing views on the modern initiative to create a special Center for creative forces”. ish Foundation of Ethics. Author of 13 books and monographs. wars - should be used as part of state medicine and molecular biology; the Study of Multiculturalism.

10 11 thecountries of the region: serbia photo: archives

At the crossroads of civilizations The Balkans, with roots firmly planted into the European cul- ture, is a region of fragmented historical memories. Though The spirit civilizations perished, their traces have been preserved by ge- ography and toponymy, culture and language. With each new ruler, fragments of history were either protected, as evidenced by beautifully conserved fortresses, or destroyed, as attested by of full trust remnants of pagan temples, churches and monasteries, or left to the mercy of fate, as it happened with the long-time van- ished imperial palaces. Today, one can recapture the memories Mirjana PRLJEVIC, BSCSIF Vice-President of Serbia’s European past through various time landmarks, University of Belgrade building, founded in 1808 discovering their hidden magic. erbia has always been a bridge The territory of the modern Serbia is rich in imprints of THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA between East and West, and not the past and ancient civilizations. Along with the archaeologi- only geographically speaking, cal findings that testify human presence on the territory of but also politically and cultur- Serbia since the prehistoric times, as well frequent are the find- ally. At the beginning, Serbia ings of Late Pleistocene animals: mammoths, bison and giant was situated between the Byzantine and deer. Archaeological evidences of human settlement found SRoman empires, but later it became a here, date back to the era of Paleolithic (40,000 BC). The oldest frontier between the Ottoman Empire known civilizations in Europe date back to the Mesolithic and and the Christian West. Late Neolithic eras and the physical evidence of them are dis- This centuries-long place- covered at Lepenski Vir (6500-5500 BC) and Vinča (5500-3500 ment, in the path of the armies of BC). The most common examples of classical cultural heritage EUROPE conquerors from both sides, has led on the territory of Serbia are left by the Roman Empire. The to constant migrations and mixture of territory of modern Serbia has given to the world 17 Roman populations. As a result, a multiethnic, emperors, including Constantine the Great – one of the most Derdap-1 Hydroelectric power station (or Iron Gate-1) is the largest one on the Danube. This HPS is jointly owned by Serbia and Romania, as Mirjana PRLJEVIC, multicultural and multiconfessional important figures in the establishment of the Christian civiliza- well as Derdap-2HPS, equipped with propulsion units manufactured in BSCSIF Vice-President society has been formed having 85% tion. Serbia has joined the international tourist project “Tran- Russia, in the city on Neva River Eastern-Orthodox Christians, 5,5% Roman-Catholic Christians and 3,2% Muslims. And even Belgrade, Republic Square. Statue of Mihailo Obrenovic during the “cold war”, the inhabitants of this region were (arch. Enrico Pazzi, 1882) placed somewhere between the Warsaw Pact and NATO. Nevertheless, in contrast to other socialist countries, the impact of the isolation from the Western world is less per- ceived here. Maybe that is why the Serbs received a more comprehensive and qualitative education, had a more Independence Day: J uly 13, 1878 (from the Ottoman contemporary approach to life, better knowledge of foreign Empire), June 5, 2006 (from the State languages and more readily accepted new technologies and Union of Serbia and Montenegro) behaviors. National holiday: february 15 – Statehood Day Officially, the Republic of Serbia uses Serbian language Capital: Belgrade, with a population of over and Cyrillic script. However, on public signs and in the 1,730,000 people media the Latin scripts are used frequently and in schools Population (excluding both scripts are being taught. The Serbian language is a Kosovo and Metohija): more than 7,5 mil people member of the South Slavic language family. The worldwide Form of Government: Parliamentary Republic fame was brought to it by Ivo Andric, awarded with the President: Tomislav Nikolic Nobel Prize for literature in 1961. The ethnic minorities Prime-Minister: Ivica Dacic have the constitutional and legal right to use officially their President of the National languages and alphabets in the areas they inhabit. In the Assembly of Serbia: Nebojsa Stefanovic Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the Autonomous Official language: Serbian Province of Kosovo and Metohija the languages of ethnic Area: 88,361 km2 minorities - Hungarian, Slovakian, Croatian, Romanian, GDP per capita: $ 6,690 Rusyn and Albanian - are in official use. The Republic of Currency: dinar (RSD) Serbia is the state of the Serbian people and all the citizens Internet TLD: .rs, .srb that live in it and is founded on such principles, as, the rule Calling code: +381 of law and social justice, democracy, human and minority GMT: +2 rights and freedoms, and is committed, as well, to the Euro- pean principles and values.

12 13 thecountries of the region thecountries of the region

Ivo Andric (1892-1975), The old fortress of Smederevo (XV century) children’s education, training specialists and amateurs, unique author of the immortal novel “The Bridge on schools and teaching techniques – are the basic premises for the Drina”, 1961 Nobel reaching excellent results in this field. Prize winner The European vector of development Geopolitically, Serbia is perfectly placed for a successful long- term development of its economy. Once establishing in 2009 its main six free industrial zones and a lot of smaller, regional ones, Serbia has deployed a new regional economic develop- ment strategy. Felix Romuliana, the palace of the Roman Emperor Galerius An artifact of In late 2005, the EU opened the negotiations with Belgrade Maximilian, at his homeland (305-311AD). the Balkan to reach a Stabilization and Association Agreement. The Euro- culture: Petnica Science Center pean Commission duly recommended Serbia for the status of “Lady of Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade - one of the largest Orthodox churches, Vinci” (~ 5000 dedicated to the hero and patron saint of the country an EU candidate, in its report since October 2011, but has also BC, British mentioned that talks could only start after Serbia normalized Museum) its relations with Kosovo. On the 1st of March 2012, Serbia received the status of a full-right EU candidate. The election of Serbian Progressive Party’s leader, Tomislav Nikolic, as President, in May 2012, will most likely conduct to the strengthening of relations of friendship with Russia, as President Nikolic has declared his intention of developing relations with both European Union and Moscow. Typically Serbian sketch Today, Serbia has free-trade agreements with the Studenica monastery EFTA and CEFTA (the European and, correspondently, “White Angel” Fresco made of marble (1196) the Central-European Free Trade Associations – edit. from Mileseva monastery is listed as a UNESCO comm.), a preferential trade regime with the European (1235) World Heritage Site Union, a Generalized System of Preferences with the United States, and free trade agreements with Russia, Belarus, Ka- sromanica” which gathers together the routes and monuments in 1808, it has 31 faculties and has delivered about 330,000 founded on 1966. The main founder of this project was zakhstan and Turkey. And, incidentally, Serbia grows about of European heritage since the Roman period. But, in whole, graduates since its foundation . Other universities of the same Prof., Dr. Vojin Dajovic, a member of the Serbian Academy one-third of the world’s raspberry and is one of the leading the preserved cult edifices and castles on the Danube represent scale are Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Niš. The roots of the Ser- of Sciences and a professor at the Faculty of Mathematics exporter of frozen fruit. the spirit which is still present and took a new shape in the bian education system date back to the XIth and XIIth cen- of the University of Belgrade. The prototype for this educa- The participation of Serbia in the activities of the Black modern life of Serbia. These evidences show its inextricable turies when the first Catholic colleges were founded in Titel tional institution was the school founded a year earlier in Sea Caspian Sea International Fund (BSCSIF) will be a perfect and deep connection to the contemporary Europe. and Bač. Once with the establishment of the Serbian Ortho- Moscow, by one of the greatest mathematicians of the XXth opportunity for enabling its whole economic potential, along The “Serbian” segment of Danube stretches for 588 kilom- dox Church and the Serbian Kingdom in 1217, the education century - Andrei Kolmogorov. The results achieved have no with the thrust and the investment capital of the latter, by eters, and the highest mountain peak is Deravica ( Prokletije was mostly conducted through the monasteries of Sopoćani, analogues in the world. Over many years, the students of means of developing the collaboration with the companies Mountains), 2,656 meters high. Wherever you come from to Studenica, and Patriarchate of Peć. The oldest college faculty the mathematical gymnasium have won, in various interna- and associations of the Fund’s member-countries. The Serbian Serbia - south or north, east or west - know that this blissful re- within the current borders dates back to 1778; founded in the tional competitions, more than 350 medals. Today, we also spirit of full trust is the best starting point for this. gion will be most welcoming to you. Serbia is the capital of the city of Sombor, (later – within the Habsburg Empire), it was have an Olympic Gold holder, a boy whose name is Teo- virgin nature, healthy food – fruits and vegetables, but also the known as Norma and was the oldest Slavic educational insti- dor fon Burg. He has won golden medals in the last three cradle of growing grapevines and winemaking. In these pic- tution for pedagogy in the Southern Europe. International Mathematical Olympiads held in Germany, Serbian national water turesque places, the life of the vine intertwines tightly with the On the other hand, Serbia disposes of the Petnica Sci- Kazakhstan and Netherlands. polo team: four-time lives of the people, in joy and sorrow, for centuries. It doesn’t ence Center. Petnica is the biggest, and probably, the oldest Along with the outstanding achievements in mathematics, world and European take long for the foreign visitors to discover the hospitality, independent nonprofit organization for extracurricular and physics and computer science, Serbian students are also highly champions and World Cup champions kindness, openness and warmth of the country’s residents. In informal science education in South Eastern Europe. Since successful in other areas, including literature, drama, sport, Serbia, toasts are usually made with traditional rakija (brandy), 1982, Petnica has organized more than 2,500 programs for chess, etc. often home-distilled. One can say that, in Serbia, as opposed to nearly 50,000 students and teachers on 15 disciplines of sci- The sports in Serbia are extremely popular: people believe the rest of the Europe, there isn’t a single day during the week ence, technology and humanities. The most programs are that there is nothing better to remove the stress and to bring that you cannot spend celebrating or partying, and this re- designed for secondary-school students, although, there are a diversity into the everyday routine. Each Serbian family loves Novak Djokovic – world mains valid for all the generations, lifestyles and musical tastes lot of programs for primary-school pupils, university students sports and even the women engage enthusiastically in different number one male tennis and for all available budgets. and science teachers. Every year, in July and August, during types of sports. Most common for the people of every age cat- 15 days, students all around the world, from 17 to 21, have the egory are basketball, soccer and volleyball. No less popular are Education and Sports – opportunity to plan and implement a real scientific project in a the gymnastics, martial arts, water-polo, swimming and boat the secrets of a healthy society certain discipline. racing. The biggest achievements of Serbia are in team sport. The University of Belgrade is the oldest and currently the Besides this, one of the most successful mathemati- The Serbian sports hold an important place in Europe and are Theodore von Burg - Olympic largest of the six universities in the republic. Established cal gymnasiums in the world is located in Serbia. It was famous on other continents. The whole system of education – “golden” boy-mathematician

14 15 SOUTH CORRIDOR - ECONOMY interview теxт: Ramin mammadov photo: archives

The world-known political scientist and Azerbaijan and the philosopher, the Head of the Department of Sociology of International Relations at energetic security the Faculty of Sociology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), answers of Europe the questions of the “Dialogue of the Seas” According to the Financial Times, today Europe’s energy balance looks the following way: natural gas - 23%, nuclear energy - 28%, renewable sources - 19%, coal and fuel oil - 30%. Alexander Dugin: t is easy to predict that after the accident at Fukushima nu- And the long-awaited buy-sell agreement for the transit of gas clear power plant, natural gas, as a more ecological fuel than between Azerbaijan and Turkey, signed on October 25, 2011, during coal, will be increasingly more demanded for electricity gen- the visit of President Ilham Aliyev to Turkey, has scattered the rumors eration in Europe. According to international forecasts, for and speculations caused by the delay of closure of this agreement, the period of 2010-2035, the demand for gas in Europe will and reinforced the Azerbaijan’s firm intention to develop the South- Eurasian keys be about 628 billion cubic meters a year. And if by 2022 some Euro- ern Gas Corridor. Greeting this agreement, the EU will from now on Ipean countries will stop using nuclear energy, this figure can reach consider, when searching for the best, all the options for piping gas 700 billion. A part of this volume will be covered by liquefied natu- from Turkey, including Nabucco, according to the criteria stated in ral gas (LNG) supplies from mainly Algeria, Qatar, Egypt and USA. the Joint Declaration on the Southern Gas Corridor. to the future To meet the shortage of gas on the European market, the Russian The main objective of the new energy policy of Azerbaijan in company “Gazprom” plans to increase its share of gas supplies to the coming years is its development as a reliable exporter of gas, Europe, in 2020, from current 23% to 32%. referring to the second stage of operation of Shah Deniz field. This In the case of Western countries, the import of this energy gas will be transported in 2017. Shah-Deniz-II will produce 16.7 ou are known as the follower of the idea of would respect the identity of ethnic groups that would not source is diversified properly, while the new EU members from billion cubic meters per year, of which 6 billion will be exported to Eurasianism, and even called as the found- impose Russification or any kind of great or small nations’ Central and Eastern Europe are mostly dependent on Russian Turkey, and about 10 billion - to the EU. For the exploitation of this er of Neoeurasianism. How does this ideo- nationalism. And, at the same time, this approach is based gas. In order to ensure their energy security and reduce geo- Caspian Sea field will be necessary investments of $20-22 billion. logical current look like today and what are on the conception of a person and human collective, built political risks, they also aim at diversifying the volume of gas The Azerbaijani government should guarantee the return on these its practical aspects? on the idea of ​​community, that is, the collectives that exist purchased. In this sense, EU advanced the initiative of creating investments. This means that in strategic decision-making Azerbai- The Eurasianism is a very large set of ideas, attitudes, ap- today in form of ethnic, religious or social groups should a Southern Gas Corridor, through which Europe will receive jan will be guided by the profitability of projects, rather than by any Yproaches and concepts, which represent a complete model not be exposed, as many liberals want, to the dismember- supplies of Caspian and Iraqi gas, relying on three projects: political expediency. Once the decision to penetrate the EU market of world outlook, applicable to different levels. Eurasianism ment in individual atoms, thing that happened in Western Nabucco, ITGI and TAP. will be made, simultaneously with Shah Deniz II, other gas fields also contains, along with the political component, purely societies, but should be kept as ethnic and other groups. Meanwhile, Azerbaijan is seen as the only country able to will start operation: Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli, Umid, Babek, Nakh- philosophical, historic-cultural, historical, sociological and This is the set of Eurasianism’s basic principles in its fill the pipe of the Southern Corridor with blue fuel, and, on top chivan, Absheron and others. geopolitical ones. present manifestation. Herewith, the Eurasians certainly of that, only after 2017, when the second phase of Shah Deniz Given the boom in LNG trade in the USA and Europe, Therefore, when we analyze Eurasianism, we must, first of offer, at every level, very peculiar rationale for these posi- field will be launched. Turkmenistan and other Central Asian Azerbaijan is considering diversifying its energy resources all, clarify what is the subject and within what level we want to tions. For example, why is there a need for a multipolar states do not have the necessary infrastructure to pump the exports by means of LNG export and has already launched a explore it. For example, if it is about the current international world, and not a unipolar one? This is based on the idea of ​​ gas to the west, as, for example, the construction of the Trans- project called AGRI, which will deliver Azerbaijani LNG to situation, then Eurasianism is to be associated with the theory multiplicity of cultural-historical types, on what worked Caspian gas pipeline is counteracted by Russia and Iran, which Europe, via the Black Sea. of the multipolar world. At this level, Eurasianism proceeds Danilevsky, Toynbee, and Spengler: the idea of multiplicity proceed from their own economic interests and put forward Of course, Azerbaijan seeks to become a major player on Eu- from the principle that the unipolar models, where dominate of civilizations. It has been further substantiated by seri- arguments with respect to the environment. rope’s gas market after 2017, when Shah Deniz-II will start to pro- the Western values, claiming also the title of universal models, ous anthropological, philosophical models. The idea of ​​a Another route to deliver Turkmen gas to Europe could pass duce. However, Azerbaijan is a new and small player that should are totally one-sided and unacceptable and require a radical multipolar world is also reinforced with geopolitical consid- though the territory of Iran, but this option is overruled due to make its way to the market in a harsh competitive environment. revision. A multipolar world represents the idea that the world erations regarding various types of civilizations, regarding economic sanctions applied by EU and USA. As for the Iraqi gas, According to Azerbaijan’s policy of strategic diversification, the must have several poles and not only one, as it is, for instance, a series of reference points of these civilizations for either it is unlikely to be connected to the system in the near future. state-owned oil company SOCAR strives for getting access to a se- the Western pole, nor only two, as it was during the Soviet sea or land, also with the strategic balance, with the access The main Iraqi gas fields are located in the Kurdish region and ries of buyers and transport mains, both within and outside the re- times, but a series of poles in a mutual equipoise. And namely to resources, in other words - practical calculation is en- the supply of gas from there is still hindered by political disagree- gion. Azerbaijan is fully determined to assert its status of an impor- among these poles the Eurasian one should take its place: the gaged. And finally, the integration of the post-Soviet space ments between regional and federal authorities. tant energy state for EU and gain the reputation of a reliable suppli- American, European and Far East poles... Particularly this is grounded equally on both historical and geopolitical con- In conformity to the Joint Declaration on the Southern Gas er set on trade rather than geopolitical games. Eurasian world-view has given birth to the idea of the neces- siderations, and on purely cultural reasons – the common Corridor, which was signed by Azerbaijan and EU on January sity to integrate the post-Soviet space: in order to be a pole of a elements of a single civilization. 13, 2011, Azerbaijan has been defined as a state that brings a Ramin MAMMADOV, Candidate of Sciences at the multipolar world, Russia alone is not enough. Thus, Eurasianism is a capacious ideology having its significant contribution and resources for the establishment of Scientific-Research Institute of Human Laws The Eurasianism also means a derivation in domestic own, coherent internal philosophical structure, its own ap- the transport route. of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences policy: there is a need to conduct such national policies that paratus, including a conceptual one, its own traditions and

16 17 interview interview

its own historical structure, its own geopolitical theories and once with the European Coal and Steel Community, and itics is an independent phenomenon - means that the doing schools, which serve to clarify certain points of the Eura- then it all turned into a Europe’s political union. The same of my whole life turned into success... sian outlook. is now: the Eurasian Union is an analogue of the European Basically, it’s something unique, if compared to the Union, aimed at the integration of post-Soviet states into a You came up with “the fourth political theory”, which is vacuum in which the modern Russian society is and how single supra-national structure, maintaining, of course, the opposed to the three ideologies of the twentieth cen- negligibly are different political philosophies represented sovereignty, in the same way in European Union the sover- tury - communism, fascism, and liberalism. What is this in it, except, perhaps, liberalism. But liberalism is abso- eignty of individual states is being preserved. concept about? lutely unacceptable for Russia, due to the fact that, first, it is This is perhaps the most vanguard sector of my scientific quite a Western, for its historical parameters, ideology, and And now, I would like to shift our discussion to the Black research of political philosophy. I came to the conclusion secondly, this ideology turns out to be in the deepest crisis Sea - Caspian Sea region. What, in your opinion, hinders Caucasus – a key strategic area for strengthening the interests that in our world, the classic modernist ideologies have com- in the West itself. As for us, it is just alien, incomprehen- the development and prosperity in the region, which is of the continental Eurasian security. At the same time, this pletely lost their relevance. This obviously refers to fascism: sible, and difficult. And, more to the point, it is altogether so rich in natural resources? What are the prospects for field of security can easily turn, under certain circumstances, for more than half a century it doesn’t represent anymore a rejected. The communist ideology is long time gone, and a this area’s medium and long term development? into a maximum threat area. In other words, here are con- truly coherent political program. The communism collapsed new appeal to communism, at least in the form in which it The Caspian Sea, along with the Black Sea are, in a consider- centrated, in particular, the main Russian interests. It is no in the 90’s and has very much lost its prestige and influence existed, is hardly possible. So, what’s left? Just the political able way, just intra-Eurasian lakes and from the geopolitical accident that the Russian geopolitical scientists, Russian worldwide as the second political ideology. There is only one philosophy of Eurasianism, which can handle the modern point of view, these are not the borders that separate, for specialists, the creators of Russian military policy and diplo- political ideology left, which has a long history - liberalism. realities, provide analysis on certain situations in politics, example, one civilization from another, one geopolitical macy have been talking, since the XIX century, about Russia’s But since it has no more opponents in the face of Marxism geopolitics and international relations. Today, there are block from another, but rather some lakes, on the opposite exit to the warm seas. Warm seas commence at the south of and Leninism and because some socio-cultural and philo- many discussions about Eurasianism, it represents an object banks of which lie states and powers that have a lot in com- the Caspian Sea and the south of the Black Sea. Warm seas sophical foundations of the Western world, where liberalism of interest, but it is clearly undervalued. In today’s Russia, mon, civilization-wise. Naturally, there are differences, like are able to provide exit to the world ocean through the south. emerged, evolved and became the dominant political theory, this is a unique phenomenon, because there is nothing like everywhere... Therefore, the idea of the ​​integration of the From the north, we have access, but shipping is very limited have fundamentally changed, it is in the process of profound it in other sectors of ideological nature. There are phobias, Black Sea-Caspian Sea region is extremely important to the due to natural conditions. Russia’s geopolitical fate is - moving crisis and, in the absence of competition, confronts empti- cries, emotions. That’s why Eurasianism, by virtue of the configuration of the whole Eurasian space, because this re- to the south, and in this respect, on the way it manages strate- ness and starts to consume itself. Consequently, it brings a unique readiness of its theoretical apparatus, has every rea- gion is not only rich in various minerals, but this whole area gically, politically, cultural-technologically the economic space, point: if the liberal ideology is in crisis, if it is not convenient son to claim to be one of the basic ideologies and political represents a stretch, where the fate of Eurasianism is being adjacent to the Black Sea-Caspian Sea area, depends, to a large for many, people want an alternative. philosophies of the modern Russia. determined. Since Eurasianism relies on the integration of extent, the success of the implementation of Russia’s long-term We must look elsewhere, outside these three classical po- the Eurasian space, this kind of nodes, where converge the decisive geopolitics. litical ideologies that built the sense of the political history of How do you appraise the idea of creating the Eurasian national, economic, political and geopolitical interests of the the XXth century. We must seek for a fourth political theory, Union, which is starting to take real shape? most important, weighty regional powers, play a key role in In many countries, you are known as a theorist of geo- a fourth political ideology. And in the recent years many In the economic field, the Eurasian community has been a successful integration of the Eurasian space. politics, the author of books and manuals on this disci- efforts were dedicated to it. Now, my book, “The Fourth Po- functioning for a long time, and it is called the EurAsEC. Over here, I am referring to the fact that Eurasianism pline. How does geopolitics look today in its scientific litical Theory” is being published in English, French, Italian Here, a lot of work is being done on standardization of has several levels and layers. One layer, the smallest one, is form, and in its practical application? and other languages. The fate of this “fourth political theory” economic rights of all members of the Eurasian Economic associated with the core of Eurasia - Russia, and its inner At this moment, geopolitics is one of the leading disciplines resembles to the fate of my design of the Eurasian geopoli- Community, a Customs Union was created. But, when we regions. The second layer is the post-Soviet region, and the in political science and international relations, studied inde- tics: my books and manuals on geopolitics are translated into speak of the Eurasian Union, this is an idea of ​​political un- third is everything bordered to the former Soviet space. This pendently in all major centers. Back in the twentieth century, many languages. Indeed, the argumentation that I present ion. It all starts with the economy, as it happened in Europe, includes Iran, Turkey and Greece, even Pakistan from East, it had a difficult fate. The first to create this discipline were is universal, it is clearly enunciated both for West and East, and China. This common area of ​​the third layer of the Eura- the British. Incidentally, one of the main authors on geo- by the way, the book also comes out in Farsi... In addition, sian integration, does not imply such an intense integration, politics, the classicist Halford Mackinder was the founder at the Department of Sociology, MSU, that I manage, we as the second layer, but still, presupposes a congruence of of the London School of Economics. Geopolitics is fairly publish “The Fourth Political Theory” almanac, where we interests. On the territory of these seas, and particularly on prestigious, as both discipline and science, in USA and Great develop these ideas, conduct seminars, conferences, work- the Caspian Sea, considerable amounts of natural resources Britain, and starting with the 70’s – in France, and later - shops... This is the most tumultuous, new direction in po- are concentrated, the most important transportation routes everywhere. When in the 80’s I begun developing our own litical philosophy. are situated here, routes, on which key consumers provide geopolitical school in Russia, it looked like a very vanguard, This concept begins with stating the collapse of three themselves with oil and gas products. In this sense, the Black unexpected and unknown to anyone phenomenon. It made classical political theories of modernity, including the mod- Sea and the Caspian Sea are the most important areas, since its way to science rather difficult, but today I can say that it ern liberalism. And the finances and economics, which are around the Caspian Sea, for example, are situated all these is taught in all the major universities of the country. Both the practical embodiment of liberalism, experience crisis powers, whose harmonization of the strategic positions has worldwide and in Russia, geopolitics represent a universally after crisis. Consequently, there is a need to go beyond these a direct influence on the effectiveness of the energy policy recognized, necessary political science discipline. And the ideologies. The political theory must be a step forward, the in the region and the whole design of the strategic Central books on geopolitics constitute an indispensable piece from political imagination should be at its utmost potential to Asian space, and, consequently, of Eurasia. Therefore, the the set of knowledge that a person needs when educated in create and design a completely original political philosophy, Caspian Sea, on one hand, and the Black Sea countries, on the field of political science, applied politics, international which doesn’t become a clone of the old one. the other, is another major dilemma with a very complex relations. I can say that during my life I was able to see the In this respect, Eurasianism may be well regarded as balance of interests of different countries, especially Russia triumph of my ideas. Today, the scientific community has one of the preliminary versions of such a fourth political and Turkey, of course. Over here Europe also steps in, via recognized these methods, which, of course, do not belong theory. The Conservative Revolution in Germany (1918-1932 the Balkans. In this sense, we have two unique spaces, the to me - I simply grafted it onto Russian soil. And the fact that - ed.com.) can also be regarded as a source of inspiration. Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, which also represent what Russia has its own school of geopolitics - that we are familiar But it is necessary to look further and deeper, to look out lies between them, and the not less important is the whole with the world geopolitics and that our own Eurasian geopol- in other, new fields. And the fourth political theory is not a

18 19 interview interview

dogma and a creative concept – it is rather a framework of- Which countries or which spaces, which cultures, which fered for a wide variety of researchers, intellectuals all over societies can be modernized and, respectively, truly Euro- the world to help them think outside the usual and already peanized and included into the European Union, and which outdated paradigms. This is, seemingly, an invitation to do a cannot - remains an open question. Turkey, for example, political imagination effort. We could go in details about the clearly doesn’t fit: by its economic, political parameters. basic principles of the fourth political theory, about what is All the good things the Turks have, made them being quite its subject, alternatively to what are classes for proletarians, European. But overall, the size of this society, its culture, its individuals for liberals or races and the state for national-so- qualitative characteristics, do not fit Europe at all. Therefore, cialists and fascists. But the first thing to say is that, prelimi- Turkey will never be in the EU: it is more likely for the EU narily, the Heideggerian “Being and Time” category, Dasein to fall apart then to accept Turkey into its structure. As for (present being, being here - ed. com.), is its subject. such post-Soviet countries like Ukraine, especially Georgia or Moldova, I think, it is a lost cause, for, in case of archeo- At the Moscow University you are also the Head of the modern societies, where the archaic character is that great Center for Conservative Studies. What is the purpose of - the modernization will last for centuries. creating such a center? How important is, in your opinion, As for the overall modernization of Russia, I generally the establishment of a conservative ideology in Russia? doubt that this is even theoretically possible, having such I think conservatism is, first of all, a pronounced psychologi- In the West, the succession of these formations was hap- is, people in Russia who believe that they are modern, are in broad territory, such a culture and history. It’s just impossible. cal constant of the Russian society. Our society is conserva- pening in a natural, easily observable manner. Therefore, it reality archaic, and those who think of nothing might be in Therefore, it is better to come back to where I started - to tive in all things, reacts poorly to changes, strives to keep is on the example of Western societies that we can see how some things postmoderns and might run ahead. In a society Eurasianism. Let us accept our peculiarity, our archaic part, intact some of its essential features; to examine the nature of these models alternated historically, how they grew out of of archeomodern, the temporary structures are organized our permanent conservative component as it is: we shouldn’t these features, to attach to this psychological range a certain each other. In fact, this is a classification that fits fully only otherwise than in the Western societies. Therefore, the past run from it, shouldn’t hide it, shouldn’t be ashamed of it, scientific comprehensive, philosophical, sociological, politi- the description of the Western society and its history. And may be ahead, the future – behind. And the present might be shouldn’t modernize it, but recognize it as it is. And once cal science dimensions are the tasks set by the Center for on other societies, this scale is used with reservations, with absent or placed inadequately – inadequate, from the point recognized as such, we must give ourselves an honest answer Conservative Studies. Conservatism is a multidimensional amends. This is very important. of view of the Western sociology. as to who we are. If we are an undermodernized Europe, a and a very diverse phenomenon; it is neither an answer nor The West is in transition from a state of modern - a very Therefore, the main law of the Russian society is this distorted one, a caricatured Europe - there is no desire to live a panacea to the problems we face. It’s just some kind of well-established one, a complete one, and well-thought-out, heterotelia. In sociology, heterotelia is when, if quoting Vik- in such a country. And if we are bearers of a special destiny, trend that takes shape in political, ideological terms rather gotten to the bottom of the social strata - to the postmodern tor Chernomyrdin, “we wanted the best, but it turned out as we have in this archaic character some very original and differently. And in this sense, the center has a wide field of condition. always”. That is, at the level of public activity, people set some profound dimensions that require understanding, just like research. Practically in all major scientific institutions of Where is Russia? Like many other societies, except the rational goals, but the result is entirely different and clearly the first Slavophiles and Eurasians thought, then it makes all Russia, this non-profit initiative brings together academic Western ones, we are, of course, fundamentally behind. That not what they had planned. For example, during Khrushchev, the difference. Then it only remains for us to unseal it and to researchers exploring this problematic. The Center publishes is why modernization is urgent for us. This alone points at in our country, the plan was to build communism until 1980, rehabilitate it somehow, to fulfill the apologia of the Russian anthologies on philosophy, including on the fourth political the fact that we are at a different point: to us are relevant the but the outcome was – the destruction of socialism. That was origin in Eurasianism within a multipolar system. There is a theory, on tradition (the “Tradition” almanac), on geopoli- issues that are not relevant to the West. Therefore, we have a an example of heterotelia. Thus, the archeomodern is a field European model of development under these three models, tics (“Leviathan”), on the sociology of imagination (“Im- different understanding of what the structure of our society where heterotelia becomes, very likely, the basic social law: no but there is another one, too. And if we seize to tend measur- aginer”), on ethnic issues (“Centrum”). That is, the Center is. And here’s an interesting point. Analyzing the methods matter what we do, we get a guaranteed different result. ing everything with the standards of the others, with the so- for Conservative Research is a whole world, a very complex of how to define, in these terms, the place of our society and called common, but in reality, European yardstick, then we intellectual and academic environment, which includes a the societies of the majority of the post-Soviet states, I came What paradigm is applicable to the former communist will discover in ourselves the most unexpected and unusual wide variety of components. to the conclusion that we are dealing with a complex, con- countries accessed to the European Union, and where features that we just did not notice because we were looking troversial model, a hybrid, which I called “archeomodern”. do they stand with heterotelia? at ourselves with the eyes of others. In this way, I think, we Premodern, modern, postmodern... How can this philo- In other words, our society has, officially, very many features Well, first of all, Europe is nevertheless a matrix of moderniza- should get out of this situation. sophical concept of yours be expressed in plain lan- of modern society. But behind the facade, behind the scenes tion. But the problem is that this modernization is also laid As for the possibility of integration of some other post- guage? Meaning, where does Russia, the former Soviet of this society of the supposedly modern (there is a constitu- over the somewhere archaic structures. In the countries of the Soviet countries, into Europe, I even believe that for Moldo- Union, the Black Sea-Caspian Sea region stand in these tion, law, civil rights, market, democracy) are hiding the real Eastern and Southern Europe, we meet something similar, va it is impossible because Moldavians are more archaic than three historical paradigms, and where they should be, in mechanisms of another society, which are totally obsolete and specifically - the archeomodern. But once joining the EU Romanians, they are even more archaic than Russians. This your opinion? and rule by other laws and other norms. But nobody talks space, they experience a huge impact from the modernizing is good, because it speaks of the uniqueness of this country, Strictly speaking, premodern, modern and postmodern, is a about it, nobody acknowledges it, so that a certain system of matrix. That is, in Europe everything is at least contemporary, this culture. Meaning, it is a positive thing, it is their wealth, classic historical system of classification of different types of social slyness appears, where things, including in sociology, or, modernized: up to the education, to the language practices. and there should be no shame of this archaism. Archaic? Be societies. This is something different, like a grid of historical politics, general values, are not called by their names. Therefore, when the country enters the European Union, the it archaic. It’s great! This is a deep, contemplative, beautiful sociology, which can be overlain on different types of socie- In other words, on one hand, we are clearly not in a full- influence of the European matrix isso ​​ strong that the moderni- culture. I love it very much. Many Romanians will soon be ties to determine their structure. That is why the societies of fledged modern. It is for us to come. On the other hand, our zation deploys most intensively, which is absolutely impossible traveling to Moldova for the language and for the roots, for premodern may also exist in our time, the same way in our society is full of elements of postmodern: Ksenia Sobchak to achieve being situated at a certain distance from Europe, or the identity, especially as Romania is soon to be experienc- time can exist societies of modern and postmodern. When (a well-known TV presenter, one of the opposition leaders having such wide territories like Russia, Kazakhstan or Ukraine. ing the crisis of its Europeanism: yes, its archaic character we say: premodern, modern and postmodern, we are not - ed.com.), Internet, twitter. But we use these post-modern Ukraine is a dimension that defies the European moderniza- turned out to be too deep and defies such a high processing, saying what was, what is and what will be. This is wrong, be- structures in our own way. The Internet and blogging for the tion, even in case of full integration into Europe. Simply because as opposed to, for instance, some other Eastern European cause all these societies exist today and now, that is, they are Russian and post-Soviet people is completely different from it is about the size, cultural traditions and many other things: countries. We are still to face archeomoderns in the Eastern all in the present. Some of them were in the past, some were what the Internet and blogging for Western Europeans is. some of them can be assimilated by the European society of Europe, not to mention the fact that our life is also well-set not, meaning - this is a more complex sociological model. Accordingly, the citizens grow a divided consciousness, that modern, transiting to the postmodern, and others - cannot. around this element.

20 21 cultureand US cultureand US фото: Архив The greatest enemy is us

he national cultural heritage, Saint-Petersburg are the only well- historical monuments, build- known regions, then the territory ings are the objects of my inter- between Russia and the Balkans is far Test throughout my whole biography as lesser known. a man of science and community, in- Hence, for Romania and the East- cluding the time when I was minister ern Europe, the cultural heritage is the of culture, said the academician. – It is best business card and a high-demand a fact that, since the long-distant past, “commodity”. our country has attempted to preserve its cultural heritage, but, unfortunate- What are the risks and dangers of not ly, the people still has the perception At the Bucharest headquarters of the saving this spiritual wealth? that it’s not mandatory to respect the International Association of South-East European In the cities, there is no more to- relics of the past eras. Studies, we talked to its Secretary General, Prof., talitarian danger, but there is a risk Meanwhile, if referring to Roma- Acad. Razvan Teodorescu - a leading of economic nature. To the mercy nia’s cultural and historical heritage cultural historian and politician, author of a of fate are left houses, buildings of series of books on the history of Romanian and and its religions, then it’s Europe in European art cultural significance, they become miniature. There can be found here, in deteriorated and end up demolished a condensed form, all the elements of to make room for modern buildings How do we preserve the European heritage marking all the Ukraine, which had long dreamed for the gain of the real estate business. periods. Since Yugoslavia, featured by of, and to be precise - to Odessa and This is a big danger. In rural areas, the similar traits, doesn’t exist anymore, Belgorod Dnestrovsky. Odessa is an main problem is the lack of education today, in Romania, a tourist can see ancient Russian city since the time of and the ignorance. Recently, in Alba the cultural heritage? in a day or two - Greek ruins, Roman Catherine II, and Belgorod Dnestro- County, in Vinţu de Jos, I visited a temples, Byzantine churches, Gothic vsky is an ancient Genoese fortress, Renaissance castle. 15 years ago, it was A nation’s cultural heritage includes the works of its Roerich Pact” put the basis to UNESCO’s and the or Baroque buildings, Renaissance which later became Byzantine, then still standing, but now only ruins are artists, architects, musicians, writers, scientists, and Council of Europe’s conventions and recommenda- palaces, modern architectural styles, Moldavian, Turkish, Russian ... Now, left. The Vacarescu poets, founders of also of unknown masters of folk art, along with the tions, as well as to the national legislations. like cubism, etc. A true kaleidoscope! I am promoting a project through Romanian poetry, had a mansion in totality of values that​​ give meaning to the existence of In the countries of the Black Sea-Caspian Sea the is- Unfortunately, we have not learnt which we could connect and unify, Dâmboviţa County. Nothing is left out human beings. It helps us keeping our own identity, sues regarding the preservation of cultural heritage yet to actually respect and preserve for European tourists and representa- of it but the basements. And in 1990, as well as, understanding the development of human are of specific character. And in the materials that we these treasures. Here is an example: tives of the cultural life, three regions: it stood still... I used to say that the civilization. publish starting with this issue, we will try, with the we managed to transfer the Dacian Romanian, in the lower Danube, Mol- main enemies of the Romanian cul- In modern society, the significance of cultural herit- help of qualified specialists - scientists and experts –, fortresses of the Orastie Mountains davian, which lies on the other side tural heritage are us, Romanians! age is crucial, which is why the society has developed to obtain an understanding of these problems, in each to the world heritage. But we have of Prut, and the Ukrainian one. I sug- adequate principles to preserve and protect it. The of the countries of the region, and to offer ideas to preserved them unacceptably poorly. gested a route that would have started But is the civil society taking any project on the protection of cultural property, pro- solve them. Our talks are opened by representatives If I was the head of UNESCO, I would in Galati and continued through measures to protect it? Aposed by Nicholas Roerich in 1929 and known as “the from Romania, Russia and Kazakhstan. punish Romania with the removal of Belgorod Dnestrovsky, Odessa, Cahul, Yes, it is trying to do something, these objects from the list of the world Chisinau, Orhei, Soroca, Khotyn, especially its young part. My former heritage. Where does such a treatment Suceava, Iasi. Three countries could students had even sued the Romanian come from? Perhaps from the era of form a touristic route of a great Eu- government for abuses of cultural totalitarianism, when Bucharest was ropean-cultural value, so little known heritage. But this is not enough. The the first city subjected to a unique in the West. We know the West better danger born by these abuses has not experiment - mass demolitions during than the West knows us... been yet efficiently communicated to Ceausescu - against which, me and And the cultural heritage is the the people. other representatives of cultural life most important thing we can offer protested, but in vain. The idea that to the world. Our subsoil is rich in And what is the level of awareness gain ground at that time was - the old mineral resources, sure thing. But let on the historical and cultural sites has to be replaced with the new. No us not cherish illusions: culture is the situated in the vast region between sooner said than done... thing that sells the best. Think what the Adriatic Sea and the Black and By and large, I think that Roma- might mean the trips to Bucovina, Caspian seas of which you wrote nia, the Balkans and the Black Sea to the monasteries or castles of Olte- several books? region deserve to be better-known as nia, the discovery of Bessarabia by At a time, I’ve even put forward the a component unit of the European the Westerners, the introduction to concept of the South-Pontic civiliza- heritage. I recently took a trip to Ukraine. For, if Russia, Moscow and tion of the South-Eastern Europe, as

22 23 cultureand US cultureand US Architectural vandalism and how it’s being defied in Moscow

hat is the share of the archi- tectural-historical heritage Dacian fortifications in Orastie in Moscow, in a few words? Mountains. A sanctuary with solar WI think that the number of architec- calendar tural and historical monuments in Moscow is comparable to the one of “Save St. Joseph Cathedral” - the major European capitals. In Moscow, movement for the demolition of the 18-storeyed building, raised near the there are eight and a half - nine thou- The medieval fortress of the town of Sighisoara, main Catholic cathedral in Bucharest, a sand monuments. The process of their Transylvania, listed as a UNESCO World monument of culture identification has not been completed A conversation with the writer, expert in culture Heritage Site Ensemble of wooden churches in the northern land yet and may never be, because we and advocate of the original urban architecture, of Maramures is also UNESCO listed Rustam RAKHMATULLIN, the author Ruins of a Roman fortress, Capidava, overvalue the nearest artistic eras, and of the book “Two Moscows, or the Metaphysics of on the Danube (I-VII centuries AD) then new great people are born, etc. the Capital”, awarded with prizes for outstanding On top of that, giving conservation contribution to the preservation of Russia’s cultural heritage The project of gold and silver open-pit in status to the monuments was artifi- Rosia Montana in the Western Mountains cially delayed. (left photo) meets opposition from civil Moscow became capital in the With what else can Moscow attract society and the Romanian Academy; one the informed foreign travelers? of the reasons for that - the danger of XIVth century, and to this time also destruction of archaeological sites belong its first preserved church- First of all, with the phenomenon of the houses. A significant number of build- Russian kremlin and its ultimate em- ings came to us from the XVth cen- bodiment - the Moscow Kremlin. The tury - the core of the Kremlin, several phenomenon of the Russian monastery churches and civil buildings outside and its Moscow samples - about two it. The XVIth century has left dozens dozens of monasteries. The phenom- of buildings, the XVIIth century - enon of the Russian iconostasis and its hundreds. Added together, since the Moscow representations. Unmatched Middle Ages, about a hundred civil masterpieces – Kolomenskoye’s Church Another object in this list: the painted monasteries buildings have survived - residential, of the Ascension and St. Basil’s Cathedral of southern Bucovina public and industrial ones. A few on Red Square. Further, the phenom- hundreds of churches, even after the enon of large national styles, for instance, there are countless bridges: Bulgar- sia, which came to life after Peter the lengthy border with Ukraine. These managed, for example, to include Bolshevik vandalism, have survived. “Uzoroche” of the XVIIth century, or the ian coast of the Black Sea and the Great, Russia, which recollected itself are the things we must consider. In Suceviţa monastery into UNESCO’s Furthermore, it is the legacy of the “Naryshkin baroque”. The classicism of Caucasus, Georgia and Armenia, after the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty, this sense, geopolitics teaches us some heritage list. Bulgarians are also try- great architects of the Early modern the second half of the XVIIIth - early the Crimea and the northern coast Russia, which recovered during Pu- very important lessons. ing, Serbia has substantial riches period: an average of 40-50 buildings XIXth century, which is superior to its of Turkey... And one more thing. I tin’s era. All this attracts a great deal - they are in Kosovo, the cradle of per each, if we talk about such figures analogues in many European countries. always say: Europe is not limited to of interest. Romania and the Republic What can be UNESCO’s contribution Serbian civilization, and local monu- as Shekhtel or Kazakov. If during that time an architect was born the European Union. There should be of Moldova, but especially Romania, to this region? ments represent a serious issue... The basic and the time-wise first in Italy, he would inevitably become a also two big players in Europe: Russia must be mediators, including cultural UNESCO is going through a dif- It is very important to present type of building to appear was the Russian one, as at his homeland there and Turkey. Turkey is a country that ones, in the relationship between ficult period: the organization has to the whole world, to Europe, mansion house; the second major type was no such demand. The Art Nouveau still belongs to Europe and which, the European Union and the Black big financial problems. I remember, to the West, our values. I have became the multi-family residential, of the early XXth century, the man- as opposed to many countries, does Sea-Caspian Sea world, the world of during Federico Mayor, I conducted recently published a book, called which, fortunately, could not oust sion, as its main genre (as opposed to not know of any crisis now. Russia is Ukraine and Russia. In one of my es- a UNESCO expertise in the Repub- “World Heritage Sites in Romania”, completely the first type. Moscow’s ap- Sankt Petersburg, where the apartment a country of the utmost importance. says, I called Ukraine – the hallway of lic of Moldova, as this region had a which had great success. My pearance is the proximity of these two house dominates gloriously), and its The Western perception about Russia Russia on the way from the Balkans special priority. Now, there is no such students invited me to Paris to types. There is a third one, a relatively national version - the neo-Russian style. being no longer a great power, after and the hallway of Russia on the way thing... Anyhow, we have to fight for its presentation, to give greater mass type – the Stalin house, often on a Only after this goes the vanguard or the the collapse of the USSR, is nonsensi- from Central Europe. Romania can the inclusion of our cultural values ​​ resonance to this subject, at the very new, designed to be a main street or on constructivism: Moscow and the whole cal. I always cite the example of Rus- play a very important role, as it has a into the tourist turnover. We have heart of the Western Europe... a widened one. Russia are recognized as the origin of

24 25 cultureand US cultureand US

the world modernism. Then, the “Stalin- body of monuments, there should be no ist classics” that became world-renown urban development at all: a monument in the works of Zholtovsky and other by definition is a complete creation. These first-class masters, and the “Stalinist” architects are trying to have the upper Art Deco. The subway is incomparable hand over the architectural conservators, to any other. The sites of the world his- pushing them to the periphery, as it hap- torical events, for example – the year of pened under Luzhkov. It is necessary to 1812. The addresses of the world’s literary mention that the best top 10 or top 20 masterpieces, starting with the “War and architects understand and are allies of the Peace”. Of course I didn’t enumerate all of advocates of the original urban architec- Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent, Moscow them - Moscow has a good deal of layers ture. Because, still, talent and conscience (late XVII century) - a classic example of “Naryshkin of heritage, which makes it different from are direct and not inversely proportionate. baroque”. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site any European capital. The corporation of restorers looks no Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chyorny. “The Deesis tier” (1405), an better, too. It’s been decomposed because exponent of Russian iconostasis What are the biggest challenges of of the perennial compromise-making, (Tretyakov Gallery) preservation of this cultural wealth? and it has self-divided into conformists, Where does the danger come from nonconformists and common traitors. “Golitsyn Hospital for the poor”, now called and what is the nature of it? Another problem is that the restorers City Hospital No.1 named after Pirogov, The main danger is the pressure of money are still on the sidelines – they are sub- designed by arch. Matvey Kazakov in the style Another masterpiece of of Russian classicism (1802) Russian classicism is the - of rather private, then public capital - contracted, the auxiliaries of the general Pashkov House (arch. and, as a matter of fact – the pressure of architects. During Luzhkov, they were en- Vasily Bazhenov, 1786), the power. But we can already tell the dif- trusted to sculpt the frills on the remained now owned by the Russian State Library ference between Luzhkov’s 20 years and piece or on the copy after the demoli- Sobyanin’s beginning years (former and tion of the original. They have forgotten The building of Metropol Hotel current mayors of Moscow - Ed.), that is, how to make the general design and the (built during 1899- the difference between the responses to general works, except only how to do the 1905) is called “an these pressures. Luzhkov was the explicit above mentioned works. This means that encyclopedia of function of capital, its agent. The pres- it is necessary to bring specialists into the Russian Art Nouveau” sure of money became the pressure of restoration workshops, who can design, power. Luzhkov’s politics was to obtain for example, engineering units, as it was ing group, and now it is ready to be com- we lost the “Dynamo” stadium and the it. They are our collective founders: the Vedenin. There is a local history society fast, “easy” money by destroying heritage: during the Soviet times. pletely sustained. However, it has been “Children’s World” building. In addition, movement “Moscow, which doesn’t exist” of Moscow, the “Old Moscow” Com- whether it is a new construction process The third corporation is the experts. postponed again. there are investors whose pressure is hard and the Moscow Architecture Preserva- mission, the Society for the Study of the in the city, whether it’s the demolition of Or, these are rather two corporations – to repel, because if the contract is ceased, tion Society, created in 2003-2004. We Russian Manor, the Orthodox Historical- the historic environment, whether the historical-cultural experts and technical If talking about the recent 20 years, they go to court. A part of contracts are established “Archnadzor” in 2009. Cultural Society and other local history distortion and even demolition of monu- engineers. They have also split into those then what are the substantial losses of protracted in court, and there is no pos- There are, of course, external part- associations. ments with conservation status. During who always, those who never, and those the architectural heritage in Moscow? sibility to take any decision in the cases ners, too. We started at the time of a Sobyanin, the private capital pressure is who sometimes (i.e. make a compromise There are tremendous losses. At the turn of particular sites. In the process, the City complete vacuum, when there was no Can the recent widening of Moscow still present, but this pressure is weakened with their conscience - Ed.). of the XXIth century, Luzhkov began to Hall began using artificial arithmetic expert platform to rely on. By today, a by means of Moscow region soften by the economic crisis, and the new ad- In short, we have to restore the unity crash even the XVIIth century palaces, criteria: they say, in case the volume of whole community of experts has been somehow the pressure of money and ministration in Moscow is - in my opin- of the cultural front: the unity of archi- that is, the oldest civil constructions. the new construction is less than a certain formed, where colleagues are discussing the pressure of investors on the his- ion and frankly speaking - trying to take tects, experts, historical architecture ad- Nothing has stopped him: neither mod- percentage, it is possible to extend the not only the projects and paperwork, but toric Moscow with its valuable monu- him away from the historic city center. vocates and the managing representatives ernism or classicism, nor baroque or contract. If it exceeds it, the extension is also each other. These organizations play ments? That is, the pressure of money ceases to of the culture. Uzoroche, the authorship of the greatest preferably to be canceled. In fact, it is a an increasing role in decision-making. We are told that the “Big Moscow” has be in harmony with the pressure of the The shortcoming of the legislation is masters, or Pushkin’s or Herzen’s man- manual and not an arithmetic procedure, The Federal Scientific and Methodologi- been particularly conceived to withdraw power. a wholly different issue. During several sions. We lost hundreds of buildings with or “getting out of the hook”, with which cal Council of the Ministry of Culture has the construction business and investors The second risk is - bringing peo- years we couldn’t manage to put forward conservation status, and in case they had deals the Town Planning and Land Com- been revived. The Historical and Cultural from the old city, to take off the load, ple together into coalitions in different to the second reading the amendments to no such status, it was done deliberately. mission, headed by the mayor. And it Community of Experts (HCCE), headed reduce bureaucracy, transport and to corporations that have learned to serve the law on cultural heritage, on which we What is the situation like now? deals with it, unfortunately, stealthily. We by Andrei Batalov, has been founded. suppress the wave of vandalism. But Luzhkov and “luzhkovshina”. With the have worked responsibly and buoyant for This process is ceasing. I repeat - we find out about its activities, post factum. There is a committee on heritage under most experts believe that the approach help of these people lasts the inertia of a few years. The law passed its first read- tend to trust the sincerity of the new city the both unions of architects - Moscow is wrong. The error is not the very in- “luzhkovschina”, although it would seem ing in a detestable form. It was certainly administration when we hear that they A few words about “Archnadzor” (the and Russian one. There is the All-Russian tention to offload the old center, but that the authorities are already sending promoting the interests of investors and say the real estate development in the Organization for the Protection of Society for the Preservation of Historical the creation of a second Moscow. Now other signals. developers, to lobby for big development center has to stop. They say that they have Architectural Heritage - Ed.), about and Cultural Monuments (ARSPHCM) there is almost no expert, who would say Who are these people? First, some projects. The rebellion of the expert com- already stopped it. Unfortunately, the city your allies and how you manage to led by Galina Malanicheva and its Mos- that this is a brilliant, or at least a great of them are general architects, trying to munity led to the fact that after the first administration is not prepared to with- confront this vandalism. cow department. There is the Institute idea. Designers, of course, try to ride maintain their position in the old city, reading in the State Duma the draft was stand the direct or indirect indications of First about allies. “Archnadzor” is a whole for Cultural and Natural Heritage named the wave. But the best design teams that while on the territory of sites, on the drastically revised by a competent work- the federal administration – that’s the way coalition, so the main allies are within after D.S. Likhachev, headed by Yuri work on Moscow-2 are actually study-

26 27 cultureand US cultureand US

The Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye (1532), is now within the city and also Kazakhstan’s perspective UNESCO listed uring a relatively short his- torical period, the states of the former Soviet space faced Dcomplex challenges of spiritual and cultural development. Some of them were: putting an end to the former The building of the Russian State Library - an example of Art Deco style (built in priorities of common cultural space 1930-1960) and the emergence of new paradigms of national identity; devaluation of A monument to the Stalin era: Moscow collectivist views and revival on its subway station “Arbat” ruins of values of various ideological (1953) and world-outlook orientations. In Sattar MAJITOV, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Academician at the these circumstances, the key to sav- Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and the One of the oldest ing the nation, to social stability, to International Informatization Academy buildings in Moscow national unity and social cohesion (XV c.) that later became the residence of British has become – to focus on the rich his- merchants torical and cultural heritage of ethnic profile, belonging to the Ministry of groups. Moreover that the increasing Education and Science and the Min- A fragment of pace of globalization has once again istry of Culture. For the implemen- Metropol Hotel’s facade put on the table the matter of elabora- tation of this Programme, a Public tion of a universal model to preserve Council was established and was com- ethnic singularity and uniqueness. prised of well-known public figures The beginning of the XXIst cen- and officials, scientists, publishers. tury turned out to be fortuitous for During the phased implementa- Russian Art Nouveau style is most clearly expressed in the Moscow mansion. In the Kazakhstan, as the foundation to a tion of the Programme, until 2011, photo: Typography of A.Levenson peaceful and stable society was laid new monuments of culture and (arch. F. Shekhtel, 1910) and the socio-economic growth regis- historicy have been inaugurated, tered high rates. All of this turned nat- there have been carried out works ing the reserves of Moscow-1. The top - the stage that we also passed through. How do you feel about the idea of ​​ Drawing a line, we can say that the urally the attention of the state on the on conservation, restoration and re- designers consider absurd the proposal I’m afraid we haven’t passed it for good, privatization of the architectural- state structures designed to protect issues of culture, including the aspects construction of the most important of drawing governmental institutions but, at least it became better now. Mean- historical monuments? the cultural heritage were in the two of its preservation. It’s no secret that historic-cultural monuments, there over the line of Moscow-1, and even over ing, Moscow and St. Petersburg are get- This is not a panacea. The privatization of last decades, to put it mildly, not at after the first few years of building-up was created a holistic system to study the line of the center. We hope that these ting closer to normality with the fastest monuments has been granted ten years their best? the wild market, this sector turned the vast stratum of cultural heritage, plans will be significantly altered, maybe tempo. The protesting component of the ago, the last legislative restrictions were They turned out to be totally worth- out to be the most vulnerable and, including folklore, traditions and they would even fail. original urban architecture movement removed six years ago. But there is no less. Russia has provinces with no to a certain degree, plundered. For customs, centuries-old experience is very strong in Kiev, and it grows in mass privatization. The main form of use bodies to deal with preservation. Kazakhstan, the situation was even on national literature and writing has How similar are the processes that you Kharkiv, Sevastopol, Odessa. of monuments remains the rent, and for Moreover, the Federal Service for worse, because many of the artifacts been summarized, a comprehensive mentioned to those that occur over As for the cities of the Russian Fed- churches – free use. monitoring compliance with cultural related to its history and culture, due collection in national language for the whole Russia? eration, only Kazan and Ufa, along with heritage protection law (in recent to a series of historical circumstances humanist education has been created They are similar, and not only in the Moscow and St. Petersburg have formu- Does the original urban architecture years - Rosokhrankultura) was abol- turned out to be outside the country. on the basis of the best achievements actual borders of Russia. Kiev, for ex- lated by this time a new approach to this advocacy of Moscow intend to bring ished and merged with the Ministry According to the Convention on of the universal scientific thought, ample, suffers from vandalism as well as problem. Tatarstan’s President, Rustam Yuri Luzhkov to justice for the facts of of Culture at its early beginning. The the Protection of World Cultural and culture and literature. Moscow and St. Petersburg. However, Minnikhanov, has even appointed the architectural vandalism? ministry is remastering this area and, Natural Heritage and other docu- Restoration works upon 35 sites the phases and the velocity are differ- urban architecture advocate, Olesya In my opinion, we can bring an action in in my opinion, not very successfully. ments, adopted by UNESCO, the re- of history and culture have been ent everywhere. For example, the new Baltusova, as one of his advisers. Our the deliberate destruction of monuments This means that the collapse occurred sponsibility for conservation and the completed. Extensive archaeologi- governors of Moscow and St. Petersburg colleague, Vitaly Stadnikov, became the and abuse of power, with no hesitation. But at the federal level. prerogative for the adjustment of the cal research on 30 hillforts, settle- declared new approaches. Meanwhile, in chief architect of Samara. Yaroslavl’s pub- we couldn’t manage to do that when he was Some subjects of the federation regulation system, in this regard, lie ments, stands, sepulchers and burial Nizhny Novgorod “luzhkovschina” still lic opinion is waking up, and fortunately, in power. Prosecutors didn’t even try, and have one or two people assigned to on governmental structures. mounds were conducted on the ter- goes on, led by the former Deputy Mayor this city is included into UNESCO’s list. the citizens didn’t have a chance in Luzhk- deal with heritage issue. In Moscow In 2004, Kazakhstan adopted ritory of Kazakhstan. Research ex- of Moscow, Valery Shantsev. The advo- But there are cities where the disaster ov’s courts. To begin the process now, when and St. Petersburg, departments of the governmental Cultural Heritage peditions have been organized to cacy of the original urban architecture continues. For example, Yekaterinburg, Luzhkov is retired, would be too generous 200-300 people are engaged in this Programme. Its implementation was the archives and libraries of Russia, in Nizhny is, foremost, of a protesting the unfortunate city, has past, in my on our part. But I still don’t understand work, but the amount of problems is so mainly and foremost carried out by China, Western-European countries nature and involves even street action opinion, the “point of no return”. why the prosecutors do nothing. big that even they can’t handle. public institutions with humanitarian for the identification and acquisition

28 29 cultureand US cultureand US

Folk music artist, Erlan Ryskali (singing, playing the dombra), teacher at Kazakh National Academy of Arts named after T.K. Zhurgenov (Almaty)

Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi (the great Muslim scientist, poet, preacher), built at the order of Tamerlane, at the turn of XIV-XV centuries, heads the UNESCO World Heritage List in Kazakhstan

Household items peculiar to a Kazakh family, of manuscripts, rare editions, books collected from many museums of the Republic and archival documents of historical importance to the cultural heritage of Kazakh people. Audio records of Migrating the treasures of folk music to electronic media was one of the objectives of outstanding musicians of professional the Cultural Heritage Programme oral tradition, found in the holdings, Another cultural site on UNESCO’s archives and repositories of the coun- list - about 2,000 petroglyphs of try, have been restored and converted the Bronze Age - Archaeological of cultural heritage is rather thorny traditional-ethnic forms of cultural life, the hope for the nobleness of business to modern audio media. The series of Landscape of Tamgaly and polysyllabic. It often involves which already became in some cases, knights for the conservation and aug- publications of national and universal making a compromise between eth- unnecessary. It is important to fill, as mentation of cultural heritage must thought, culture and literature has nic and civic identities. It is certainly much as possible, the contemporary, die last. I’m saying this because the been systematized. 218 titles were influenced by the economic, social still intact and existing culture with na- government storage bins have “thaw- published, including the multi-volume and political problems of societies and tional content, to augment its national- ing” properties. After all, there are so series, “The word of ancestors”, “The Almaty. Due to this project, major his- that the cultural heritage of Kazakh peo- states. In Kazakhstan, the state policy ethnicity, to create conditions and to many examples about coming to rare ancient world of Kazakh law”, “World torians, philosophers, linguists, politi- ple managed to get rid of old ideological regarding the preservation of cultural develop mechanisms, so as to shape library holdings, and not finding the philosophical heritage”, “History of cal scientists, sociologists and others layers and become universal heritage. heritage was originally built and is out of the national culture - a unitary things that were there 10-20 years ago. Kazakh literature”, “World culturolog- were gathered together. The government has planned activities now developing on a fundamental system. It should get its place within Every now and then, the valuables ical thought”, “Anthology of Kazakh During the implementation aimed at the implementation of Cultural principle, which is: Kazakhstan is a global cultural heritage, to be unique, from the “bunkers” of the state land music”, “Kazakh synonyms thesaurus”, of Cultural Heritage Programme, for Heritage Programme’s results into the community of citizens of different self-sufficient and complete. into the same old private holdings. “Spelling dictionary” etc. the first time, steps were made for the educational process, into the promotion nationalities; it is not a new ethnic The problem of preservation of The experience obtained from the The publication of following examination and reconstruction of of cultural values. group. The principle of Unitarian- cultural heritage cannot be solved implementation of Cultural Heritage series turned out to be quite timely: historical and cultural monuments However, all this great work in- ism, which lies in the foundation of without taking into consideration the Programme in the Republic of Ka- “The world historical thinking” in 14 within CIS and non-CIS countries, di- volved and still involves a series of dif- modern Kazakhstan statehood, does realities of the market economy. The zakhstan has revealed the high need volumes, “History of Kazakhstan in rectly related to the history of Kazakh- ficulties of, foremost, legal and admin- not contradict the constitutional topic: “The Role of Business in the for state guardianship for the conser- foreign sources” in 14 volumes, “Ma- stan, and also, for the restoration of istrative nature, generated sometimes rights and freedoms of ethnic groups. preservation of cultural heritage” is vation and augmentation of material terials on the history of Kazakhstan in copies of Ancient Turkic stone sculp- by deficiencies in the regulations. A This state philosophy contributes, at meant to identify opportunities for and intellectual values. The care for its the Russian sources” in 10 volumes, tures with runic inscriptions, found in significant impact on the quality and the same time, to the preservation of entrepreneurship. Today, business is historical heritage, under conditions “History of Kazakhstan in ancient Mongolia and other countries. terms of delivery has the jurisdictional interethnic harmony in society. And nothing like it was for the countries of supranational entrepreneurship sources” in 2 volumes, “Materials on In 2009, the Cultural Heritage belonging. Issues regarding the status it also helped Kazakhstan opening its from the Black Sea-Caspian Sea re- and cancellation of ethnic boundaries, the ethnography of the Kazakhs” in 2 Programme was transformed into a of the main developer have fallen un- doors to the world. gion when they began their journeys testifies to the priority of moral and volumes, etc. The mentioned projects national strategic project. Heuristic and der debate. A major concern arouse Cultural heritage and rebirth of of sovereignty. At that time, there was ethical values ​​and clear protectionist were published under the auspices of empirical work should be enriched with upon the copyrights of the works. national cultures together with their either dirt-cheap sell or barbaric treat- policy of the state, which is seeking to the Institute of History and Ethnology innovations regarding the extension of The way to solve the problems values, in​​ the context of globalization, ment or direct encroachment upon strengthen its national prestige, inter- named after Ch. Ch. Valikhanov, in methodological horizons of science, so and risks related to the preservation doesn’t mean a simple comeback to the objects of cultural heritage. Still, nationally.

30 31 projects,projects projects,projects text: mikhail Zernov photo: archives

Greenhouses with innovative In Moscow, there cultivation technology On the crest 2 n this project converge the experience of several companies specialized in design and has been created Idevelopment of industrial solutions, construction of greenhouse facilities, supply of heating hardware, of automated technologies for growing plants in greenhouses. Each project is unique and the preparations are executed individually for each customer. Additionally to the the Alliance optimization of the operational process, the execution of delivery and maintenance services, of high-tech there is also professional training offered in greenhouses in Finland, the Netherlands, Poland and Estonia, as well as supervising the crop yield and the quality of production during the first year of the Seas of greenhouse’s operation. The payback period depends on the prices in the market and can vary The Commission on Innovations and from 2 to 4 years. In May 2012, the National Academy Investments of the International Fund of of Professional Training Investment Specialists (GASIS) held the the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (BSCSIF) international conference, entitled “The continues to work on the selection of promising International Fund of the Black Sea innovative and investment projects, details and the Caspian Sea: investments for Russian regions”. of which can be found on www.bscsif.ru. bout the opportunities and major Representing some of the most promising concerns of the Fund and its ACommission on Innovations and projects, the President of the Commission and Investments talked the President of the Commission, Director of the BSCSIF Moscow Director of BSCSIF Moscow branch, Both skiing and dinosaurs branch, Mikhail Zernov (to the right). The afari Park is a place where visitors can see and learn the living of wild animals that once head of the Working Group of the Military Mikhail ZERNOV, invites potential investors and Spopulated these places and other corners of the Earth, getting acquainted with their3 natural Industrial Commission (MIC) under the habitat. The estimated guaranteed attendance of this entertainment complex will amount to Russian government, A.Zherebin, presented partners from the wider Black Sea-Caspian Sea Mikhail ZERNOV, over 2 million people a year. The revenues from tourism services can surpass €30 million per year to the attendees the innovations in various President of BSCSIF Commission on Innovations and from the exploitation of Safari Park - more than €60 million per year. fields. GASIS’s Rector, A.Zbritsky, revealed region to take part in their implementation. and Investments The project includes the actual Safari Park and a theme park, hotel and tourist complex major problems regarding consulting and and all-season mountain skiing complex. The initiator of the project is “Medessin personnel support for innovative projects. Investments limited” (Cyprus). The subjects of the Russian Federation were called by the Chairman of the Board of the Advanced Planning Fund, V.Bychkov, to cooperate in the promotion of projects on investment and innovation and to attract “Cortex” - lasting, investments into regional projects. The conference was attended by clean, cheap representatives of Russian companies, 1 as well as by embassy staff and heads of he project consists in the organization of production and sales of new construction Tmaterial - “cortex”. investment and consulting companies, banking institutions from Bulgaria, Spain, “Cortex” combines features that make it the competitor of materials, like plywood, Romania, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Switzerland and Estonia. chipboard, plasterboard. It is an excellent sound-isolator, water-resistant, During the conference, the BSCSIF Moscow branch signed an investment environmentally friendly and light. Recycled materials are used for its production. It is agreement with the company “EcoProject” for the project “Agro-industrial durable and easy to process, easy to install. Unlike plywood and chipboard, it doesn’t Ecological Complex” in the Rostov region (amount of investments - $260 million), emanate toxic substances. and an agreement on cooperation with MIC’s Working Group on Innovations under The purpose of the project is to positionate this material into the leading group of finishing the Russian government and a memorandum of understanding with the Swiss “Sun Stream” material, first in Russia and then abroad. The low production cost of the material (€0.9 per company “ISSI AG”. square meter) allows competing successfully with all its analogues on the market. The main outcome of the conference was the establishment of the Alliance of the Seas, a part of which is also the BSCSIF Moscow branch with its Commission he sun is an inexhaustible source of energy, The BSCSIF Commission on Innovations and from Russia, Germany, USA, China and Malaysia. A 4 on Innovations and Investments, the Russian Association of Innovative equally accessible for the production of heat Investments, jointly with the Advanced Planning competitive advantage of this technology is primarily Development (RAIR), All-Russian Advanced Planning Fund (APF), Center on Tand electricity almost anywhere in the world. Fund (Moscow) and “Silicon-In-Ru” Company, the use of solar PV modules with two-way sensitivity, Business Innovation “Knowledge Management”, JSC “Erkon –NN” and the In the next few years, the current pilot projects and proposes the creation, in the BSCSIF countries- which is achieved using mirror concentrators. The “Products of the XXI century” managing company “Parity”. technologies on solar energy will allow obtaining 30% members, of economically efficient networks and payback period of solar parks without power drives on he project provides for the construction of factories that will produce functional The establishment of the Alliance of the Seas was approved by BSCSIF Board of - 40% power generation efficiency. autonomous complexes of alternative energy based batteries is 4-5 years, and with drives - 7-9 years. 5 Directors at its latest meeting in Budva (Montenegro). At present, many countries are planning their energy on photovoltaics. This will enable the independent The “Sun Stream” project is initiated by the Russian Tfood obtained from freeze-drying. The production capacity is estimated up to 5,000 tons of final product per year. There will be freeze-dried vegetables, fruit, dairy Currently, there are over 700 investment companies ready to collaborate with the programs relying on a large-scale use of solar energy. power and heat supply for small and medium- “Silicon-In-Ru” Company, within the international Alliance, on projects on innovations and investments, in countries that are part of According to the forecast of the European Photovoltaic sized enterprises, households, autonomous green “Sun Stream” program, and is sustained by a series and other products in the form of dry powder, dry granules, chips and pellets. The distinctive feature of these products is their high nutritional value (at least 95% of the the Black Sea- Caspian Sea Fund. Industry Association (EPIA), the solar power stations will settlements: satellite-villages, intellectual villages, of Russian ministries, by the International Finance The headquarters of the Alliance of the Seas is located at the following produce up to 2646 TW of electricity, satisfying from 8.9 university campuses, etc. Corporation (World Bank Group), by governments of biological activity is preserved) and long (up to 5 years) shelf life. The project initiator is “Biorhythm” LLC. address: Russian Federation, Moscow, Warsaw highway, 2. to 13.8% of the world needs, by the year of 2030. The partners of the “Sun Stream” project are companies several countries. Phone +7 (499) 4090288 For more information, please visit the sections “Projects” and “Portfolio” on the website mentioned above. 32 33 Oh,sport, you are peace! ... text: ORHAN MAMMADOV photo: archives

Belarus was represented at the Games by 173 athletes in 25 sports. Belarusians won 12 medals, including two gold The Olympic flame medals: they won in tennis and12 shoot- ing.

Montenegro national team played is in our hearts in 7 sports and won a silver medal: on the last day of the Games was the ne of this year’s mem- Turkey, under the flag of which par- 13final match between Montenegro orable events was The ticipated 114 athletes in 16 sports, has “Golden” rhythmic gymnastics team, Russia and the Norwegian women’s hand- XXX Olympic Games. won 5 medals - 2 gold, 2 silver and ball team, where the sports fortune London - the first city one bronze. For the first time in the3 At the Summer Olympics in 2012 men have 6 gold, 5 silver and 9 turned to Norwegians, and they won to host the Games history of the Games, this country Russia was represented in all sports bronze medals. Most medals for at 26:23. Serbia’s “gold” and “silver”: for the third time (earlier, they were won the gold in the women’s 1,500 Milica Mandic and Ivana Maksimovic other than football and field hockey, this country were taken by boxers Оheld there in 1908 and 1948). It gets meters - the champion became Asly 9and its trophies were - 24 gold, 26 sil- who became the best at the Olym- a bit sad when the Olympics end: Alptekin. In the The girls that excelled in the Serbian ver and 32 bronze medals. For the first pics in 2012. whether the fact that the duration same race, to the team: Milica Mandic took the “gold” in time in history of Russian sports, at was so short, or because you have to silver finish came Taekwondo competitions (weight -6 over the official opening, the torch bearer wait for another four years for the another Turkish 67 kg), and Ivana Maksimovic bagged of the national team became a woman next game. In between remains the athlete, Gamze with her rifle a silver medal. Men’s water and it was Maria Sharapova. Also, pride for the athletes, for the coun- Bulut. polo team in the match for the third Russia won its first “gold” in judo. The tries of our Black Sea-Caspian Sea Lasha place obtained victory over the team of country has surpassed the result of the Shavdatuashvili, region, which have reached by this Georgian gold in judo Montenegro, thus taking the “bronze”. Beijing Olympics both by the number time, new heights. of gold medals, being on the 4th place, 1 and by the total number of medals, Georgia was represented by 35 finishing third. “Gold” on the account of Ukraine’s women’s athletes in 12 sports. Georgian team in quad scull rowing The fight for the “gold” in the finals: 4athletes received one “gold”, three Silver wrestling From the Republic of Moldova, for Montenegrin handball players attack “silvers” and a “bronze”. The NOC medalist, Stanka the Olympic Games, were selected 22 President, Gia Natsvlishvili said that Zlateva, Bulgaria athletes. Despite the fact that it was its Kyrgyzstan and Bosnia and Herzego- Togrul Asgarov and Sharif Sharifov (wrestling) the Olympics were successful for 63 Bulgarian athletes competed in 16 thinner representation in the10 history of vina, who are also BSCSIF member - Azeri Gold Georgia. According to him, despite sports and won two awards - silver in participation in the Olympic Games as states, returned home with, unfortu14- the fact that Georgian athletes the tournament of women-wrestlers an independent state, the athletes man- nately, no medals. However, the belief According to the overall results of the were able to win only one gold 7and bronze in the boxing ring. The aged to repeat the success of Atlanta is that this non-fortune is temporary Olympic Games in London, the most medal, the 5-6 medals “plan” was performance of the male volleyball (1996) and Sydney (2000), when there and at the next Olympic Games in successful from the Caucasus region accomplished. team can be also called successful, was taken two awards each time. The “Golden” shooter Sergei Martynov Brazil their athletes will make the 2 from Belarus were the athletes from Azerbaijan, who which in the final match against Italy, weightlifters scored a one hundred per- world talk about them... won 2 gold, 2 silver and 6 bronze medals. Particularly successful were the took the 4th place. cent result. Two of the two participants The championship victory belongs to Olympics for Kazakhstan. While in that managed to reach to the Olympics Sharif Sharifov and Togrul Asgarov previous years the national team didn’t Romania was represented by a team of - Christina Iovu and Anatolyi Kyryku, that performed in various categories of go higher than 22nd place, this time,5 103 athletes, who finished second by the left with bronze awards. 8 And here is the table of medals won by freestyle wrestling. The national team out of 204 participating countries, it total number of medals (292), among of the Land of Fire has won, for the first has entered the top ten. The overall the peoples who never hosted the Black Sea-Caspian Sea countries that participated time in its history, a medal in heavy result of the Kazakh athletes surpassed Games. Its result - 9 medals (2 golden, 5 at the 2012 Summer Olympics: athletics. Thus, Azerbaijan took the 30th all forecasts of experts - 13 medals, silver and 2 bronze). Romania was the Country Gold Silver Bronze Total place, winning 10 medals, surpassing its including 7 of the highest degree, one most successful in such sports as gym- Russia 24 26 32 82 result at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. silver and 5 in bronze shimmer. nastics, canoeing and athletics. Каzakhstan 7 1 5 13 Ukraine 6 5 9 20 Belarus 2 5 5 12 Christina Iovu (weightlifting), Moldova, won the “bronze” Romania 2 5 2 9 Аzerbaijan 2 2 6 10 Turkez 2 2 1 5 Georgia 1 3 3 7 245 Ukrainian athletes competed In the picture from the left to the right: Nur Tatar Serik Sapiyev, the “golden” boxer from Serbia 1 2 2 4 Olympic champion Alin Moldoveanu (10 m Air in 28 Olympic sports. As a team Bulgaria 0 1 1 2 (Taekwondo), Gamze Bulut (Athletics -1500 m), Kazakhstan Riffle), Romania Asly Alptekin (Athletics -1500 m) and Servet 11result, the country ranked 14th. Montenegro 0 1 0 1 Tazegul (Taekwondo) - Turkey Bottom-line, the Ukrainian sports- Moldova Republic 0 0 2 2

34 35 exlibris pagesof history photo: archives photo: archives South Caucasus: Both parties “Irreconcilable want to work differences” In Constanta (Romania) as elsewhere in this region, the eth- took place the XVIIth nic perception of the nation is also The Canadian journalist, writer and publicist, Scott Taylor, is known for his stories deeply rooted. Session of the Joint from war scenes around the world - Cambodia, the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, As the Commission carried out Romanian-Russian its activities in Constanta, it was a the Caucasus, Iraq and Libya. very specific session. We have been Commission of visiting the Russian Lipovans, Old he book “Irreconcilable dif- space that was under its authority historians. The chairman Believers, which was very interest- ferences: Turkey, Armenia for decades, showed up to the West ing. In our institute, there are people and Azerbaijan” - published in all its diversity of populations and of the Russian part of the who are professionally engaged in the in English (Canada) and cultures that lived here together for commission, Director study of this community, and even a Romanian (Bucharest, ed. centuries. Until that moment, the book on Lipovans from Romania and “Paideia”), recently launched in Bucha- peoples and the republics, which were of the Institute of Slavic Bulgaria is ready to be published. The Trest, with the support of the Embassy of part of USSR, and, the more so, the Studies at the Russian civility of any country is determined the Republic of Azerbaijan in Romania, complexity of ethnic and territorial is- Academy of Sciences inclusively by the treatment of its reveals a very unusual approach to the sues within the borders of the former minorities. As we thought, Lipovans Turkish-Armenian and Azerbaijani- empire were completely unknown and (RAS), Konstantin We discussed two important is- felt no discomfort: they, on one hand, Armenian conflict. Without restoring incomprehensible. Since the end of NIKIFOROV, shared sues: the crises in Eastern and South- feel wonderful being Romanian the full outline of each of these conflicts, the Cold War, the former Soviet space Eastern Europe during the XVIII-XX citizens, on the other hand, preserve the author presents the main stages of has become a mosaic of nations and with the “Dialogue of centuries, the emergence of national their language, customs, and travel to their development, and in a balanced communities who wish to regain their the Seas” magazine his consciousness and the formation of Russia. They also work in Italy, Spain, and impartial manner, harmoniously freedom and identity and are ready for modern nations in the region. and then come back and build big combining the objectivity of a historian any sacrifice for the sake of it, creating impressions about the As for the crises, their total period houses on their ancestors’ territory. with the fervor of a war correspondent, new sources of concern and new chal- work of the commission. is even longer than the normal de- A rather interesting shatter of old being in the thick of things. different perceptions of the conflict, lenges for the Western world. velopment – the mere XXth century Russia! Yes, they complain that their Taylor managed to offer us an depending on the degree of involvement The title of the book – “Irreconcil- counts for something: from the Balkan children speak Russian poorly, but interesting reading, due to his jour- and interests of each party. Particular at- able differences” - represents rather a he Russian-Romanian crisis, the first and second world wars, their life is full of joy, as, the Russian nalistic style, accessible to the wide tention is paid to the accurate presenta- journalistic move than an author’s sen- Commission of to the “Velvet Revolutions” in 1989 and spirit is still in the air... audience, as the historical episodes, tion of information, warning at the very tence. He actually expresses his belief historians is one of the the Yugoslav crisis in the 90’s... Now, our young colleagues see meticulously and documentarily de- beginning of the book about the danger in the existence of a chance for recon- most active bilateral On the second topic, it is worth Romania completely differently. It scribed as it occurs, for example, at the that lies in the lack of a correct informa- ciliation, for which an important prem- commissions that mentioning that the ethnic configu- is no secret that, unfortunately, Ro- resurrection of the Turkish-Armenian tion and professionalism, which can ise is the knowledge of the truth and RAS disposes of, in the Eastern ration of the region is very complex. mania’s image - and here only Rus- relations during the First World War, easily transform the act of information the assimilation of the lessons of his- Tand South-Eastern Europe. It was In contrast to Western Europe, where sia can compete with that - is worse alternate with profoundly stunning in disinformation and manipulation tory by all parties involved in conflicts, revived under new circumstances the nation is rather a political con- passages related to recent events, which of the readers’ opinion and can, subse- even if they sometimes hide the painful in 1992, and, moreover, at the cept, in this part of Europe, including See more on page 40 tell about the suffering of nearly 800 quently, have serious consequences for truth: “It is only when they come to an initiative of Romanian historians. in the former Soviet Union, prevails thousand Azerbaijanis, forcibly evicted those involved in the conflict: “This book agreement on a joint historical founda- Our main partners in Romania are: the ethnic understanding of the na- from their settlements during the war is dedicated to all those who have suf- tion, Armenians, Turks and Azeri will “Nicolae Iorga” Institute of History, tion. And I think that this kind of of 1992-1994. fered and continue to suffer as a result of do the next-in-line concerted efforts”. International Association of South- perception is not to be changed here The book becomes even more a long conflict, which became permanent The same moderate but unfailing tone East European Research and “Babes- any sooner. When Russia introduced valuable, knowing that the author has a because of misinformation”. of optimism comes up at the end of the Bolyai” University in Cluj, who’s new passports, which were missing huge experience of a war correspond- Throughout the book, the author book: “It is only through mutual recon- Rector, Ioan Aurel Pop, heads the the “nationality” column, in Tatar- ent, which spent most of his life in the repeatedly emphasizes on the West’s ciliation for past events that these three Romanian party of our commission. stan people protested: you are taking hot spots. Accordingly, the pages of the lack of knowledge about the history of nations hope to ease the pain of those And now, we also befriended our away our nationality! Although, the book provide many examples of armed Caucasus and Anatolia, on the need who suffer today, making, in this way, colleagues from “Ovidius” University, passport is a document of belong- conflicts faced by humanity in recent to study and understand the specifics the step to a joint peaceful future”. the organizers of this session and of ings to a certain country. Then, they decades. These examples are presented of the region and its peoples. Im- Louiza POPA, a parallel conference, on which 24 found a compromise: to make inser- Opening the session in the auditorium in their wider context and illustrate the mediately after USSR’s collapse, the BSCSIF Adviser reports were presented. tions by request. Here, in Romania, of “Ovidius” University

36 37 gallery gallery photo: archives

diorama elements reproduced all key episodes and scenes Museum-Panorama of the battle, especially the decisive battles on the left flank of the Russian army. First, the panorama was placed in a pavilion in Moscow, built especially for that, but since 1918 it has been publicly available: for Bolsheviks, the Russian the Battle of Borodino history was not a priority. That is why the battle masterpiece was stored for decades in the most inappropriate condi- tions and was partially destroyed. And only by 1962, at the In 2012, Russia celebrated on a large scale the 200th gaining victory, but the Russians gained the right to be un- 150th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, after careful Battle of Borodino anniversary - the central episode vanquished... Of the fifty battles I have led, during the Battle restoration, the panorama was reopened to the public, in of the Patriotic War of the Russian people against of Moscow, the most of courage was shown and the least the new building of the Museum-Panorama on the capital’s Napoleon’s invasion. Although, from a military point success was achieved”. Kutuzov Avenue. of view, it was a one-day pitched battle, in which The heroic deed of the Russian army was elegized in The dimensions of the unique canvas are striking: 115.5 the losses on both sides exceeded 70 thousand people, and Russian literature, music, fine arts and film. One of the meters of full-circle length and 14 meters height. Iceased with, most likely, no one’s victory, but at that time, most impressive monuments of this historical event is At this museum is also exposed the original of “Kutuzov’s on August 26, 1812, at Borodino, 125 kilometers away from “Borodino panorama”, by artist Franz Roubaud, made at hut”, where, during war council at Fili, the Commander in Moscow, the Russian army won an important moral vic- the commission of the Emperor Nicholas II for the cen- Chief of the Russian Army, M.I. Kutuzov, made a tactical deci- tory, which, as Leo Tolstoy said, caused a “mortal wound” to tenary of the battle. But the first panorama of the Battle sion to surrender Moscow to the enemy, in order to save the Napoleon’s army, that has conquered by that time the whole of Borodino appeared in Paris in 1835. Its author was Russian army. Europe. Later, Napoleon would have said himself: “Of all Jean-Charles Langlois. Here you can find portraits of the heroes of the Patriotic my battles, the most terrible was the one I fought outside Franz Roubaud (1856-1928) was born in Odessa, in the War of 1812, as well as many works of modern battle painters, Museum-Panorama “The Battle of Borodino” in Moscow. On the Moscow. In it, the French showed themselves worthy of family of a French merchant. Its epic circular canvas with followers of Roubaud’s glorious traditions. foreground - the equestrian statue of the Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov

38 39 BSCSIFCHRONICLE The”New Silk Road” poetic anthology text: liliana coman photo: archives text: MiKhail Sinelnikov photo: archives

The “Side by The Black Sea NGO side for the All is fulfilled Black Sea” Forum in Bucharest hen I think about at both sunny and rainy times for On the 24th-25th of October, the Romanian Federation of NGOs for Development project became the fate of the my friend (of course, Mamed soon (FOND), in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the European Azerbaijani poet, became a close friend of mine, and Commission, organized in Romania the 5th Black Sea NGO Forum on the topic: a finalist Mamed Ismail, I still is). Probably, remarkable stories “Participation and inclusion for responsible development of the Black Sea region”. see in my mind on how they became his translators The Forum gathered in Bucharest about 160 young builders of civil society from For the “Side by side for the Black Sea” Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Turkey, Ukraine, Romania project, initiated by the International the heavy snowfall on the road from could reveal in their memoirs two and Russia. On behalf of the Black Sea - Caspian Sea Fund (BSCSIF), at the activities WAsrik to Tovuz. It isn’t easy walking other poets - Alexander Kushner and Fund of the Black Sea and the Caspian of the forum participated Marcela Curmei, Executive Coordinator of Central Office, Sea (BSCSIF) and supported by the the long road from the outlandish Yuri Kuznetsov, who, unfortunately, Julia Akhunova, BSCSIF Adviser to the Secretary General, as well as the project- European Commission, the year of home village to the district center in a deceased. But our common truth is, team members - Andrada Dinu and Loredana Coman. 2012 turned out to be very successful misty fog and under such large, blind- I think, that translating great poetry The plenary and working discussions revolved around three major topics: social in terms of participation in national ing snowflakes. But over the decades, stimulates competition, removes entrepreneurship and rural and community development, transparency and and international competitions. Once resistant, sturdy, like all his fellow- the spell, forces you to look up for anticorruption, youth policies and development policies for the young. The main this environmental project received recommendations, set forward at the Forum, were related to a new strategy for the the award of the UN Environment highlanders, on the road in plain hidden resources in your own soul. Black Sea, and also to the need to prioritize Black Sea region’s pressing problems on Programme, it got into the top eight clothing and coarse footwear, over- Mobilizes your own skills, while the the agenda of the European Commission. at the Civil Society Gala 2012. The coming many harsh life saddle-points, slovenly rhymed adaption of some- One successful outcome from the previous editions of the Black Sea NGOs awarding ceremony took place on May Mamed has reached the most faraway one’s bad pony corrupts and destroys forum was the establishment of the regional coalition on child protection in the 28th, at the National Opera in Bucharest, world capitals. And, most importantly, region and the Black Sea Youth Network. up to the base... where BSCSIF was represented by its has won the widespread recognition Now, the prominent Azerbaijani young project-team. of its own people that fell in love with poet lives in Turkey and is a profes- not only his lyrics, but also with the Mikhail Sinelnikov, sor of philology at the University of home places of its author. One is a poet, academician at the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and at Petrovsk Academy Çanakkale. Baku last year’s celebration great poet, when his words fuse with of Mamed Ismail, on the occasion of the landscape so naturally. his 70th birthday, was a triumph. His Mamed Ismail has thoroughly told charge of the poetry section in the books are published both at home and in his verses and poems about his fate... “Friendship of Peoples” magazine. in Turkish and Russian translations. His father, who did not return from the The job was, however, an unsuccess- A recent event of the literary life has war, he does not remember; there were ful attempt to break away from the become the Moscow volume of se- Continued from page 37 come: such beaches combined with Later”. One of the main projects is: no photographs of him left. His orphan activity of translator, well paid by lected verses and poems “Instead of a historical monuments are very rare. “Slavic countries in the XXth cen- infancy, childhood, adolescence, spent then, but absorbing like scum that letter”, already launched a few times. than the actual reality of the country. And if arranging trips to Lipovans, tury”. First came “The history of Bul- with his mother, which was devoted bores the “prana” (using the Indian The book contains translations of Therefore, I think that Romania then people would easily go there – garia in the XXth century”, and then until the end of her days to the only term), which alienated me from my Kuznetsov, Kushner and mine. Today, should be interested in bringing in to make fish soup, for sport-fishing “Czechs and Slovaks in the XXth husband she had for such a short pe- own poems. And at this time, when I Mamed is far from being dark-haired as much people as possible, so that or to sing... It is also important that century”, “History of Yugoslavia in riod, turned out to be exceptionally dif- was the least disposed to translations, and black-moustached, but his early they become convinced that this Russia and Romania had their own the XXth century”, in this year will ficult. Their belongings were comprised to my office came the editor of the poems form an inseparable union is a beautiful country, very diverse cultural centers: in Bucharest and, be published “The History of Poland of nothing but an apple tree and a ewe, “Soviet Writer” Publishing House, with those written now. The formal and very interesting one. After the respectively, in Moscow. We do not in the XXth century”. There is a lot of though the apples and the goat cheese Herman Valikov, with an unknown skill has only been enhanced, but the collapse of Yugoslavia, it became have a lot of specialists on Romania. new material, many sources and ar- helped them survive. When the nursing to me southerner - powerful, beauti- emotions, thing that rarely happens, the largest country in the region. In Moscow, there is only one center chives became available, there is no apple tree dried up, it was not burned ful, black-moustached and black- have not lessened. Love is alive - for Although we do not have a common left, where specialists that speak Ro- censorship, and you can write more in the stove, but buried in the ground haired. I was offered to translate the a woman, for mother-nature and his border, in Constanta there is this manian are trained – this is MGIMO objectively... There was also pub- like something dear... Apparently, these book of this stranger, Azerbaijani own people, for the world of people. feeling that over the Black Sea we are *. Poland, for instance, provides a lished the 3rd volume of the “History experiences are enough for the auto- poet - Ismail. I said that in order to The only thing that has been amplified still neighbors. And why not develop lot of scholarships - come and study! of the Balkans” (from the Crimean biographical prose. But poetry always make a decision, I must first get fa- is the acrid bitterness arising from the Russian tourism in Dobrogea? Rus- Here, unfortunately, there is no such War to the Congress of Berlin); the neglects the simple worries of survival miliarized with the verbatim render- uneasy experience of life and from sian tourists love spending money, thing. But despite the objective diffi- 4th volume will cover the period and demands something else, too... ings (colloquially called “the pony”). the apprehended religious faith that and it would be a big increase to the culties, there is a desire to work from until the First World War. Till the And here, the life of the young men And I noticed how Valikov became came forth with the time. However, budget of Constanta, it would create both parties. And it would be better end of this year, philologists will was stormed by the first love that has sad and how the severe Mamed Mamed always trusted the right hand new jobs. Representatives of Russian if more youth got involved... publish the “Lexicon of South Slavic become for such a poor man as Mamed became nervous... At night, I read that guided him and was always a travel companies should be invited Now, about our institute’s book literature of the XXth century”. was, sorrow and bliss. From here origi- the manuscript and it became quite man of destiny. After all, according to here and introduced to the coast, to publishing projects related to this The next session of our Commis- nate all his poems. But then, the whole clear to me that it was an encounter Pasternak, the fate is about, “all, to the the conditions, a charter should be region. Here is our novelty: “Revolu- sion of historians will take place in world poetry was born from unrequited with a great, natural phenomenon of smallest share of a hundredth / Is jus- negotiated, the visa regime should tions and Reforms in Eastern and 2014 and will be dedicated to the cen- love stories. poetry. This is how I became Mamed tified in it and is fulfilled”. be facilitated. And the people would South-Eastern Europe: 20 Years tenary of the First World War. In 1975, I was temporarily in Ismail’s translator and remained so

40 41 The”New Silk Road” poetic anthology

И тоской беспричинной прервёт твой досуг Блеснув и напомнив о близкой весне, Хмурый вечер, угрюмый вокзал… Что-то давнее, скрытое в темной судьбе. Бутоны и почки в окно постучат. Рядом был мой отец, и судьба так светло Улыбалась, но спал я и спал. Ты спокойно уснул, избежал передряг, Раздастся капель, значит, все решено, Но безумцу судьба камень в руки дала… И вяло зима отойдет в никуда, Холодны ль эти строки ?..Осталась навек Говорят, поджигателей нет. Если так, Чинара в мое постучится окно, В них летящего снега пора. Отчего же леса выгорают дотла. Печальная прочь удалится вода. Двадцать лет было матери, вышедшей в снег, А младенцу – всего полтора. В каждом слове рождается брезжущий звук, Увидишь цветок приоткрывшихся губ, Звук таинственной власти в звучании скрыт... И юность приснится тебе, нелюдим!.. Всё, что было и будет, что ветер занёс, Лишь о том, что он видел, споет вам ашуг, Мир снова Создателю дорог и люб, Зорко видит судьба, а сейчас И незримого - зеркало не отразит. Он может гордиться созданьем своим. Оглушительно паром вздыхал паровоз, Разлучить торопившийся нас. Если мчащийся пар в черных тучах возник, Родиться бы вновь, приближаясь к концу! Значит, скоро начнётся большой снегопад. Вдруг боль прекратится в сиянье высот, Слово в воздухе стыло, и ныло в груди, Если моря светлеет нахмуренный лик, И птица, несущая пищу птенцу, И пытался отец говорить : Значит, солнце явилось средь облачных гряд. Мне в клюве надежду, как дар, принесет. «Свет очей моих, ну же, проснись, погляди! Не увидимся мы, может быть…» Mamed Нету тайн у того, чей язык без костей, Сбережёшь их, держа за зубами язык. У каждого есть свое Обжигающий холод дошёл до костей, ISMAIL Вещи нет без миража, присущего ей, дерево в лесу Всё, что было лишь болью сердец, Мир миражами полон, давно к ним привык. Всё сбылось…Не дошло от отца к нам вестей, Дать росток жаждет семя, ему суждено И осталось лишь слово «отец». Hesitations И в пустыне надежда твоя не пуста, Утолить ненасытную жажду свою. Ведь и здесь проливается дождь иногда. Есть у каждого дерево в чаще одно, Дни и месяцы тянутся, Ты поверь, что явился мираж неспроста… Мчится гурьба How long can you sail in the territorial Своему – я всю душу навек отдаю. Есть мираж, значит, где-нибудь есть и вода. Навсегда убегающих лет… Waters of inspiration? Закрываю глаза – отвернётся судьба, How many sad thoughts Пусть влеченье побега, что гонит листву, Открываю – улыбки всё нет. Lie in a poem Зеленеет во мне – этот пыл пронесу… And how much hesitation? И он ушел Я ещё и древесную жизнь проживу, Столько лет мне сопутствует имя отца, I shall not venture to state the point Памяти Ю. Кузнецова После смерти я деревом стану в лесу. Ну, а в памяти пусто, мертво… Precisely in so many words. … Вот и Он из мгновенного миру ушел, Не осталось и фото – родного лица, We poets, like the Caspian, wish to join Все оставил и с шумного пира ушел. Пусть усталого путника будет бодрить Чтобы, плача, смотреть на него. The oceans of the world. Если б знал, не пустил бы его… Но с тоской, Шелестящая, зыбкая крона моя… Обманув этот морок мирской, он ушел. Что поймёшь здесь ! И чудится мне: может быть, Nostalgia В прежней жизни какой-то был деревом я. …Ускользнуть попытается время, спеша, Отдал тленность свою беспредельным полям Снег закружится в стуке колёс… И лучи своих глаз — убегающим дням, Нет, столь многих цветов благодатной весной Вот сейчас от души оторвётся душа… There were four in the famıly altogether, Горьким дымом дохнёт паровоз. We were poor but we got by: Отдал все, что имел, и грехи свои — нам Не дождутся ни яблоня, ни алыча… A comical white-nosed ewe on a tether, Уступил, избирая покой, и ушел. Видно, пуля, которая мчится за мной, Входит в дерево, яростна и горяча. Вот обрывок верёвки Юсуфа – опять An apple-tree, mother and I. На руке моей через года…* Mother was the fairest of all mankind, Что почувствовал он перед пропастью той? Кем он был? Отражением Правды святой, Мой двойник – среди лиственных шумных вершин, И одна из дорог возвращается вспять, The apple – the tree of trees, А другая идёт в никуда. I was the sweetest of all the world’s children, Словом Истины… Может быть, был он водой, То ль сосна, то ли дуб в багреце золотом. The ewe was the best of beasts. Или облаком плыл над рекой и ушел. Пусть в проржавленной лампе находится джинн, Но моя-то душа – в тайном дереве том. Столько горестей тот паровоз увозил… How remote those scenes of the past seem today, Вся окрестность вдруг стала темна – Faraway and lost from view: Рано он поспешил окунуться во тьму И ушел, не внимая уже ничему. Бедный, бедный, он сбился с пути, Азраил*, Солнце в горный провал опустилось без сил, A child’s loving-kindness, a mother’s pain, Скрыться в туче стремилась луна. Apple juice, and milk from a ewe… Видно, не за что было держаться ему… Отличить не умеющий ночи от дня ! Translated by Peter Tempest Ухватился за сердце рукой и ушел. Средь людей не нашёл он меня, упустил, И теперь средь деревьев он ищет меня. Сон младенца был снегом, и снег, белолик, *Азраил – ангел смерти у мусульман. Рассыпался, касался лица… Мираж Перезимовавшее горе Если б только глаза приоткрыть в этот миг, Сохранился бы облик отца. Издалёка беда устремляется в дом К лицу прикоснулось дыханье весны. Изображение отца. 1942 *Библейский Иосиф Прекрасный И печаль подступает, вступая в права… Когда бы загадку я мог разгадать (коранический Юсуф), разлучённый с отцом, был продан в Свет внезапно погас и, взгляни: за окном И знал бы дорогу из той стороны, — Этот вечный вокзал…И у поезда снег, рабство и обречён на мученический путь. Горько волосы рвут на себе дерева. Ушел и вернулся бы вновь и опять! Тихо падающий на тишину. Это – юность отца, это – рельсов разбег… В ясном небе зарница метнется и вдруг Мученье мое зимовало во мне… Ничего не найду, не верну. Звук безмолвья все тайны откроет тебе. Как счастье, как вести, которым я рад, — Расставание…Время на грудь налегло… Translated by Mikhail Sinelnikov

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