Journal of the MAP AND ROUND TABLE OF THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOClATlO No. 10, 1996

Articles

The First Family of American Maps ------­ 7 By Nigel Nicholson

A "Plausible" Explanation for the Provenance of the 1733 Moseley Maps ------­ 15 By Ralph Lee Scott

The Henry Raup Wagner Collection ------­ 23 By Susan M. Allen

Book Reviews Cartographers at War: Two Recent Works ------29 From the Golden Gate to Mexico City: The U.S. Army Topographical Engineers in the Mexican War, 1846-1848. Mapping for Stonewall: The Civil War Service ofJed Hotchkiss. By Charles A. Seavey The Economist of the New Europe ------31 By April Carlucci The Pont Manuscript Maps of Scotland: Sixteenth Century Origins of a Blaeu Atlas ------­ 33 By Barbara McCorkle

The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Africa ------­ 34 By Joseph K. Herro Mapping Texas and the Gulf Coast: The Contributions of Saint-Denis, Olivan, and Le Maire ------36 By Katherine R. Goodwin

Exhibit Review Mapping the New World ------­ 38 By Michael Dulka

Calendar ------41 CartoElectronics 42 CartoFacts 44 Information for Contributers 46 Index to Advertisers 2

MERIDIAN 10 ADVERTISING STATEMENT Meridian accepts advertising of products or services as it improves communication between vendor and buyer. Meridian will adhere to all ethical and commonly accepted advertising practices and reserves the right to & reject any advertisement deemed not relevant or consistent with the goals of the Map and Geography Round Table. Enquiries should to the be addressed to David A. Cobb, Advertising tvlanager, Harvard i[ap collection, Harvard College Library, Cambridge, MA 02138, nth Phone (617)4952417, FAX (617)496-9802, e-mail DCOBB@HARVARDA. ap link, the worlds most comprehensive mop HARVARD.EDU distributor, invites you to explore the planet. SUBSCRIPTIONS Mop link stocks mops from every corner of the Meridian is published twice yearly. To world and represents every mapmaker large and small. subscribe, or to change an address, please We have thousands of rtrles in stock covering topographic, write to Christine E. Kollen, Subscription Manager, Map Collection, The University of regionat country, state, trail and city mops; ,-:'1'... Arizona Library, Tucson, AZ 85721. Sub­ and world, country state and city arlases. scription rates are $20.00 for individuals; We have stoff visirtng every country $25.00 for institutions. Add $5.00 for foreign subscriptions. Individuals must in the world and connections on prepay, institutions ma)' be billed. All foreign the furthest fronrters. If we don't subscriptions must be paid in U.S. dollars. have it we'll find it and if we don't find it we'll make it. Make checks payable to ALA/MAGERT. PURCHASING BACK COPIES The World Mop Directory, 1992-93, is a335 page up-tCHlate We welcome your orders for back issues of reference that lists over 20,000 mops currenrly in print and Meridian. They may be obtained for $10.00 available in the United States. The easy reference identifies each ($1200 foreign) Make checks payable publisher, price, dote and scale. Every mop listed is available to ALNMAGERT. Send to Jim Coombs, Maps Library, Southwest Missouri State University, from Maplink. 901 South ational #175, Springfield, MO The World Map Diredory 1992-93 65804-0095. Edited by Aaran Maizlish, William Tefft INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Published by Map link, Inc. Andre Dumont Maps &: Books 46 Sonta Barbara, California Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 4 Copyright © 1992 Art Source International 32 335 pages, illustrations MAGERT 43 ISBN 0-929591-0B-9 MAGERT Inside [ront cover $29.95 post paid MAGERT Inside back cover Map Link 2 I orthern CartographiC 26 George Ritzlin 32 Raisz Landform MaPs 13 mar~Jal~ Roben Ross $ Co 43 Simon &: Schuster 14 Thomas Suarez 44 25 E. Mason Street Santo Barbara, California 93101 (805) 965-4402, fax (805) 962-{)884 MERIDIAN A Semi-annual Journal of the Map And Geography Round Table American Library Association ISSN: 1040-7421 Indexed in Library Lilerature

2 MERIDIAN 10 EDITORIAL MERIDIAN EDITOR Changing Times Charles A. Seavey The University of Arizona", REVIEW EDITORS Jenny Dienes Your editor was congratulating Stan Stevens, long time map Julie Hoff librarian at the , Santa Cruz, on his retire­ University of Kansas PRODUCTION COORDINATOR ment. In the course of the conversation Stan revealed that UCSC Pat Crowe was not replacing him but combining his slot with another to The University of Arizona", create a documents and maps librarian. I ventured that this was not SUBSCRIPTION MANAGER a totally bad thing, and that, in fact, I had been a documents and Christine Kollen The Universiy of Arizona", maps librarian for all of my practice career. We commented on the ADVERTISING MANAGER number of universities who were either not replaCing full time map David A. Cobb librarians, or otherwise cutting back on their map collections. Later Harvard University in the conversation Stan offered this: DISTRIBUTION MANAGER Jim Coombs "I have come to the conclusion that, given the general eco­ Southwest Missouri Stale University nomic situation in the U.s. and California in particular, that EDITORIAL BOARD libraries and archives as well as all public-funded agencies have Ralph E. Ehrenberg Library of Congress seen the "golden years" where we could take on every new demand Phillip Hoehn or technological innovation and satisfy the publics expectation as University of California, Berkeley well as our own professional standards for the delivery of informa­ Alice C. Hudson ew York Public Library tion-almost regardless of cost. We are being forced to downsize Mary L. Larsgaard our own thinking about what we can and should provide. As Uni\;ersity of California, Santa Barbara members of the public, as taxpayers, we should not expect our Roben S. Martin State Library of Texas libraries to be open at all hours of the usual day, nor all days of the Stanley D. Stevens week; and, Within our libraries, some services can only be provided University of California, Santa Cruz (retired) on a limited basis. These are the realities of post-cold war econom­ CONSULTING EDITORS Helen Jane Arnlstrong ics." University of And therein lies something for us all to think about. Tony Campbell The long post-WWII economic boom is long since over. So is British Library Larry Carver the willingness of the country in general to fund education at ever University of California, Santa Barbal'a higher levels. Many factors contribute to this lack of willingness to Michael P. Conzen increase, or just maintain, funding for education. We probably University of Edward H.Dahl oversold ourselves in the heady expansionist days of the New National Archives of Canada Frontier and the Great Society. Turns out education doesn't solve all Larry Cruse social problems, and throwing money at education doesn't neces­ University of California, San Diego Francis Herbert sarily produce a better system. We could argue the above points, Royal Geographical Society but since the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983 the tide of Roben W. Karrow, Jr. Newberry Library current thinking has been running against us. Less obvious may be Barbara B. McCorkle a subtle "anticampus" mind-set on the part of a lot of people. (retired) Whatever the American public eventually came to think of the John T. Monckton J.T. Monckton Ltd., Chicago Vietnam War, many were deeply offended by the radicalism, and Gary W. onh some WTetched excesses, of the college campuses during the United States Geological Survey (retired) protests. The combination of all the above has produced a climate ancy J. Pruett Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque in which education, and higher education in particular, has found Norman J. W. Thrower it increasingly difficult to find the dollars to pay the current bills, University of California, Los Angeles let alone expand. Albena Auringer Wood Memorial University of What has all this to do with Stan's replacement, or map David Woodward collections in genera]! I won't go through the litany of map University of Wisconsin librarians who have moved and not been replaced, or the budget Frances Woodward University of British Columbia

MERIDIAN 10 3 RARE ANTIQUE MAPS, & GLOBES

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Pre-Columbian World Map: H. Schedel, 1493.

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4 MERIDIAN 10 Libraries and archives as cutbacks, or other problems. Most of the readership in the United States knows well as all public-funded agencies have seen the them all too well. Universities, and libraries, are having to make difficult deci­ "golden years" where we sions. "Downsizing," "streamlining," "increasing efficiency," are all terms being could take on every new bandied about across campuses today. In one sense this is not necessarily a bad demand or technological thing. innovation and satisfy the public's expectation We have been riding the relatively good times for so long that we don't know as well as our own how to cope with the not-so-good ones. We have made many decisions because professional standards money was available, not because it made good sense for our collections, or institu­ for the delivery of information-almost tions to own such-and-such set of very expensive material. And, maybe, not every rt>gardless of cost institution needs a huge map collection, no more than they need a huge book collection to support the teaching and research needs of the university. Libraries are being forced to re-align monetary resources (as a cursory knowledge of trends in expenditures for serials amply demonstrates), and re­ aligning personnel resources is a logical further step. Ranganathan's fifth law reminds us that "Library is a Growing Organism" and if we change "growing" to "changing" we have the truth of it. "Downsizing," We will probably see more former full time map librarians replaced "streamlining," with and maps librarians. We will probably see more collections "increasing efficiency," are all terms being cutting back on hours and services offered to patrons. We will probably see budgets bandied about across go flat, or get cut back. All of this means we will simply have to make better campuses today. In one purchasing decisions, better staffing decisions, and think of better ways to imple­ sense this is not necessarily a bad thing. ment Ranganathan's fourth law (Save the Time of the Reader) that do not involve going directly to the map librarian's head. The fact still remains that the cartographic format is one that requires a lot of interpretation for the user. Reference transactions take a lot longer, and the mapkeeper is called upon to explain the basics of interpreting the non-textual information presented on the map. A map collection without someone knowledge­ able of the format to provide interpretive services makes little sense. Trying to All of this means we will provide reference service one floor and half the library away from the map collec­ simply have to make tion is worse than having no map collection at all. Stans' replacement probably better purchasing won't provide the level of service that Stan did (there are few of us that could), but decisions, better staffing decision, and think of there will still be professional service there. The library at Santa Cruz is Simply better ways to imple­ trying to live in harmony with the economic realities we are all faced with. On the ment Ranganathan's whole, it probably wasn't the worst decision they could have made. There have fourth law. definitely been far worse ones made within the last couple of years.

Charles A. Seavey Editor

********

Stans' replacement Meridian is going on hiatus-. A combination of personal and professional probably won't provide the level of service that pressures mean that this is my last issue as editor. Donna Koepp, chair of the Stan did (there are few MAGERT Publications Committee, and the editorial board will be exploring new of us that could), but possibilities for the journal. there will still be professional service there.

MERIDIAN 10 5 Cartographic Citations: A Style Guide

At last, a citation guide for maps!

Up until now, no style manual has given more than superficial attention to the problem of citing maps, map series, remote sensing imagery, and other cartographic materials. This guide covers the field com­ prehensively and concisely, in an easy-to-use format. Citations guidelines conform to general style guide­ lines in the Chicago Mal/I/a! (!I'Sn·!e. so citations created with the help of this guide will be compatible with citations for non-cartographic materials. This manual is indispensable for libraries of any size and will be a great help to students or researchers as well.

By Suzanne M. Clark, Mary Lynette Larsgaard, Cynthia M. Teague

Published by the Map and Geography Round Table American Library Association 1992 ISBN 0-8389-7581-X $10.00 Postpaid

Order from: Jim Coombs, MAGERT Distribution Manager, Maps Library, Southwest Missouri State University, 901 South National, #175, Springfield, MO 65804-0095 Checks payable to MAGERT. Quantity discounts available

Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540-1861: An Index to the Cartobibliography

by Charles A. Seavey MAGERT Occasional Paper No.3

·'... Professor Seavey has divided his index into three pans: a main index of area. personal names. etc.: an alphabet­ ized title list: and an index to Wheat's entry numbers. With this aid the reader will be able to mine IWheat'sl treasures both textual and illustrative with mLleh greater facility than hitherto."' -Norll/al/ 1. W ThrOll'er Map and Geography Round Table, American Library Association

Specululll Orbis Press ISBN 0-932757-03 1992- $35.00

Order from: Jim Coombs, MAGERT Distribution Manager, Maps Library, Southwest Missouri State University, 901 South National, #]75, Springfield, MO 65804-0095 Checks payable to MAGERT. Price includes postage and handling.

6 MERIDIAN 10 The First Family of American Maps By igel icolson

A short time ago I was told in hunting, fishing, hiking and camping Los Angeles by professors of geogra­ maps are essential tools. Most of us phy and the curators and vendors of on most days watch weather charts maps that the American people are on television. We read newspapers, cartographically illiterate. Half the and scarcely a day passes when a war, schoolchildren, they said, could not a disaster, a famine, a political event point to France on a map of Europe like a revolution or an opinion poll is (I wondered guiltily how many not located by the appropriate map. English schoolchildren could unerr­ So familiar have certain shapes ingly point to Texas on a map of the become, like Florida's or India's, that United States), and some cannot even they need no further identification. tell north from south. Only Boy We are all map users now, but few Only Boy Scouts have Scouts have acquired the skills of Americans, I believe, are such map acquired the skills of map-reading. lovers as the British. map-reading. I find this I find this difficult to believe I have been puzzled by this. difficult to believe. There has been no There has been no period in history After all, the first 350 years of Ameri­ period in history when when people of all nations have been can history is largely the story of the people of all nations more reliant on maps. We absorb our unfolding of the continent, and to have been more reliant geographic knowledge subliminally. on maps. every pioneer the nature of the new We are all travelers. We are country, the flow of the rivers, the increasingly outdoor people, and for extent of the mountains and the

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MERIDIAN 10 7 plains, the boundaries of state, township and section, were matters of supreme importance. You would have thought that a concern for topography would have become as deeply embedded in the national character as the frontiersman's instinct for self-preservation and hospitality. But it is not so. The present-day American wants answers to the questions, Where? How far? How to get there? By what airline, which road? Although he sometimes hikes, he seldom walks. There is no symbol on United States maps for rights-of-way across private land as there is universally on the British. And if people no longer walk, they no longer observe the impress that man has made on virgin territory. Of course the territory is not always very interesting. 1sympathize with those who live in Dodge City and have never owned a map of it or its surroundings, because they know its streets backward and the plains arouse indifference in all but the farmer and the occasional jogger. But it does surprise me when a ew Englander or Virginian is mapless, since his country is as wonderfully diversified as England and the maps of it are equally steeped in history. In Britain most houses in the country possess the local Ordnance Survey map on two scales, the 1:25,000 or roughly 2.5 inches to the mile (the Pathfinder series) and the 1:50,000 (Landrangers). We use these maps for finding our way to our more distant neighbors, and for walking, and we delight in them because they are attractively pro­ duced and establish us historically. They tug at our roots, leading us to an Iron Age tumulus or Roman camp, and explain why this valley is thickly settled and its neighbor not. Because STOP A T THE SIGN OF THE ORANGE DISC the land is so ancient we need maps more than Americans do. The winding lanes of the English country­ side, the vermicelli streets of medi­ Figtlre 2: GttlJ Oil Co. Map oj New Orleans, 1970. eval town centers, demand their help

8 MERIDIAN 10 more than the grid pattern of your years ago he could pick up, free, a once-public lands and modem cities, map of the state or city from any gas There is no symbol on where to the stranger's immense station. But he rarely possesses his United States maps for convenience the designation 77th local USGS map, which as a right-of-way across and Fifth is often sufficient. private land as there is taxpayer he heavily subsidizes, and universally on the British. I must not exaggerate the may not even know what the initials And if people no longer contrast. The United States is marvel­ stand for. The United States Geologi­ walk, they no longer ously mapped, just as its history is observe the impress that cal Survey is a vast undertaking, its man has on virgin better recorded than that of any other maps a brilliant match of art with territory. country. The National Geographic science, but compared with its British maps are famous worldwide. Five equivalent, the Ordnance Survey, it is years ago I drove 25,000 miles over little known and its products under­ the eastem part of the continent with valued. Why is this? For a start, the the Rand McNally road atlas as my title is off-putting. It was founded in gUide, and did not find a Single error 1879 mainly to map the nation's The United States is or ambiguity, even in Boston's horren­ mineral and water resources, and the marvelously mapped, just dous one-way system. This year I name stuck, just as the Ordnance as its history is better would have been totally lost in Survey reflects its military origins. recorded than that of any other country. Greater Los Angeles without the The USGS publishers still Mitock street map. These commercial echo its scientific bent, with bro­ publications and many others like chures on subjects like the San them are to the ordinary American Andreas Fault and the purity of what a staff was to a pilgrim. He is in water. At the same time, the maps are a sense spoiled. Up to less than 20 plainly topographical, depicting on

Figure 3 An Array oj USGS Folders.

MERIDIAN 10 9 \

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figLlre 4. Seneca, Oregon, 1:24,000 Provisional Edition, 1990. The last quadrangle ...

10 MERIDIAN .10 its largest scale every significant detail It publishes maps on smaller down to isolated barns, and with an scales, 4, 8, and 16 miles to an inch, accuracy that permits of no more aerial photographs and a wide variety than 40 feet of error on the ground. of speCialist maps and booklets, After World War II, when half the including those of Antarctica, the country was still without detailed moon and some planets, but the The United States Geological Survey is a maps, the survey set itself the task of 1:24,000 is its flagship, the vast undertaking, its mapping the entire nation to a scale homesteader's map, the walker's map. maps a brilliant match of 1:24,000 (Alaska on a smaller The survey, now an organ of the of art with science, but compared with its scale), and completed it two years Department of the Interior, is not British equivalent, the ago with a final sheet covering a frugal in giving information about its Ordnance Survey, it is mountainous region of Oregon. activities when it is approached 1 little known and its There are over 54,000 sheets in products undervalued. have received a cornucopia of maps all, some of which, in the deserts, are and brochures from its centers at almost blank, innocent even of a Menlo Park, Calif., Denver and wandering contour. 1have in front of Reston, Va., and am amazed not by me a map of part of central Alaska their fecundity but by my ignorance drawn from aerial photographs, on of it. which is printed in small type, hidden Compared to the Ordnance in a maze of watercourses and hillocks, Survey, the USGS seems to hesitate a Single word, "Cabin " The survey is a to advertise its wares and make them triumph of meticulousness. readily available to the public. Until recently it had only 14 public offices for over-the-counter sales, of which three, including the one in Los Angeles, has recently been closed. If you do not live near one of them (there is none in ), and need a map or book published by the survey, you must write for it, enclos­ ing the money, and delivery will be between three and five weeks. Bookstores rarely sell the maps because the demand is little and the profit margin low. Specialist map stores sell only those of their own state. The result is that the maps are not brought to the public's attention in the way that their equivalents are in Britain, where every small news agent will carry the local Ordnance maps, and two million of them are sold every year, 100,000 of the Snowdonia map alone. (The Geologi­ cal Survey prints and distributes a total of more than seven million maps per year, to a far larger population.) Nor does the Geological Survey package the maps so attractively. Except for those of the national parks Figure 5 Portion of the Livengood, Alaslw 163,360 quadrangle, 19531PR 1975.

MERIDIAN 10 11 (a special and very beautiful series in The theory is that in a free and shaded relieD they are generally sold capitalist country like the United only as flat sheets, as awkward to States it would be improper for a handle in the field as in the car. It government agency to compete with does not publish tourist guides to private enterprise in so popular a cities and popular regions as the field as mapping. The taxpayer Compared to the Ordnance Survey, the Ordnance Survey does, nor historical should not be required to pay twice, USGS seems to maps apart from one of Presidential once by subsidizing the survey and hesitate; to advertise its elections since 1789, or trail gUides again by covering the cost if commer­ wares and make them readily available to the or city plans. The latter is one of its cial publishers had to purchase public. most serious deficiencies. The survey copyrights. has never risen higher in scale than It is true that in 1:20,000. There is no equivalent in Britain is much more manageable America to the British 6 inch and because we are a relatively small 25-inch-to-the-mile Ordnance Survey island. It takes 1,342 sheets of the maps. It is easier to obtain from the Pathfinder series to cover the whole Geological Survey a map of Venus country compared to the 54,000 than of your neighborhood subdivi­ sheets to map the United States on sion. virtually the same scale. The Ord­ It has been impressed on me nance Survey maps, folded, take up that one reason for these drawbacks less room in a bookstore. It has a is that the Geological Survey does not near monoploy in mapping on the copyright its material. All is in the largest scales. It is an old institution public domain. Any commercial (founded in 1791) and its reputation publisher can copy the maps without for excellence is deeply embedded in payment or even acknowledgment, the national consciousness. In whereas in Britain the Ordnance contrast, I have heard Americans Survey makes a third of its revenue express admiration for their Geologi­ from the sale of copyrights. cal Survey, but rarely affection. For information about United States Geological Survey maps, call (800) 872-6277 or fax (703) 648-5548. The maps cost from $3.60 to $6 a sheet. One of the most popular, the map shOWing voting patterns in Presidential elections, is being brought up to date. The 113 map National Park series costs $4 to $7 a map.

Reprinted courtesy of

1860

Figure 6. "Growth of the Nation," a National Atlas sheet, 1987.

12 MERIDIAN 10 CCYHE HISTORY'S BASIC PREMISE is that maps are different, as are cultures. Its purpose is to display the richness of artifacts, and it has done so magnificently and with exemplary thoroughness."

- Yi-Fu Tuan, Natural History

The HISTORYof CARTOGRAPHY VOLUME 2, BOOK 2 Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies Praise for previous volumes Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward "[The six-volume series] is sure The monumental is an unprece­ to be the standard reference for all dented survey of the development of cartography both subsequent scholarship."LJohn as a science and an art. This essential reference presents Noble Wilford, New York Times the enormous value of maps to societies worldwide and Book Review explores the many ways they have been used to depict the earth, sky, and cosmos from ancient times to the "By extending beyond the tradition­ present al mathematical/scientific Western Volume 2, book 2, considers the cartographic tradi­ modelof maps, The History of tions of China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Tibet, Burma, Cartography opens new vistas in the Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and the study of the worldwide development Philippines, presenting significant new research and of cartography." -Robert Provin, interpretation of archaeological, literary, and graphic Professional Geographer sources. Richly illustrated with forty color plates and three hundred black-and-white illustrations, the book features maps of remarkably diverse form and content "The appearance. of an authoritative from grave plans and cliff paintings to horoscopes and and comprehensive world history of city layouts. A number of the maps are rare or previously cartography is a major event: its unpublished. terms of reference are as wide as human thought, and its range rather Cloth $'95.00 '032 pages 40 color plates, longer than recorded time."-G. H. 300 black and white photographs Martin, Imago Mundi

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 5801 .''HJl/tlJ Ellis Aut'.. ClJiC'lgO. It 6U6 F

MERIDIAN 10 13 Vietnam Energy Maps ofthe World These maps, published by the Petroleum Economist, Vietnam Topo Map Set. 1:250,000. Vietnam show energy information using current data. Each gov't. 40 sheets. map shows oil and gas fields, and deposits ofcoal, oil 65-5252 Set, rolled $400.00 shale, and oil sands. Ship terminals, LNG plants, refining centers, and oil and gas pipelines are also Vietnam Geologic Map. 1: 1,000,000. Vietnam shown. Each map has charts on energy production! gOY't. 6 sheets + text. consumption, GNP, GDP, etc. Printed on non-tear 65-5200 Set, rolled $390.00 synthetic paper. Maps now available include:

Vietnam Geologic Map Set. 1:500,000. Vietnam World Energy Map $99.95 gOY't. 27 sheets. World Gas Map $150.00 65-5202 Set, rolled $695.00 America Energy Map $150.00 Europe Energy Map $150.00 Vietnam Hydrogeologic Map Set. 1:500,000. North Sea Energy Map $150.00 Vietnam gOY't. 27 sheets. Central & East Europe Energy Map $150.00 65-5230 Set, rolled $695.00 C.I.S. Energy Map (Jan. 1992 data) $150.00 USSR Energy map (Jan. 1990 data) $125.00 Vietnam Mineral Resources Map. 1:3,000,000. Sub-Saharan Africa Energy Map $150.00 Vietnam gOY't. One sheet with 182-page text. In U.A.E. Energy Map $150.00 English. Middle East Energy Map $150.00 65-5240 Set, folded $125.00 Far East Energy Map $150.00 China Energy Map $150.00 Vietnam Mineral Resources Map Set. 1:500,000. Set of13 maps $1,593.70 Vietnam gOY't. 27 sheets. 65-5242 Set, rolled $350.00 Atlas of E. & S.E. Europe Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea Topographic Set. This atlas includes maps on ecology, population, and 1: 1,000,000. Vietnam gOY't. 12 sheets. the economy. The maps are in English and German, 65-5254 Set, rolled $250.00 and are accompanied by a 20-40 page bilingual text booklet. Recent issues include: Topographic Maps Our recent travels have yielded new stock of The Elections of 1990 in Central, Eastern, and topographic maps for Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia; Southestern Europe. Philippines; all of Central America, particularly 66-2246-09 1:3,000,000 $17.95 Nicaragua; all of South America, particularly Colombia; Burundi; Congo; Namibia; and South Use ofthe Environment and Resultant Problems Africa. in Central & Eastern Europe. Two sheets. 66-2246-10 1:3,000,000 $34.95 Omni Resources, Inc. Foreign Map Specialists Population Development in Poland 1980-1990. PO. Box 2096 66-2246-11 1:1,500,000 $17.95 Burlington, NC 27216 CMNI Topoclimatic Types in Central Europe. 66-2246-12 1:1,500,000 $17.95

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14 MERIDIAN 10 A "Plausible" Explanation for the Provenance of the 1733 Moseley Maps*

Ralph Lee Scott Head, Documents/Maps East Carolina University.

Moseley's cartographic Council, Public Treasurer, Baron of efforts became the prime The 1733 Moseley Map of the Exchequer, and Associate Chief North Carolina evidence North Carolina is a landmark in the justice of North Carolina. William in the dispute over the North Carolina and history of North Carolina and early Byrd states that "Plausible had been border. North American cartography. bred in Christ's Hospital and had a Moseley's map influenced later tongue as smooth as the Commissary, mapping in North Carolina, notably and was altogether as well qualified Wimble's 1738 map, Collet's 1770 to be of the Society of jesus."2 Unique map and Mouzon's 1775 map. among colonial North Carolina Moseley's depiction of the coastal individuals, Moseley stood tall in an Late in 1718 Moseley areas of North Carolina remained the enlightened age of giants in letters, and his associates broke best available well into the nineteenth science, politics and government. into the Edenton house century. Early 1709 colonial records Moseley's reputation for fair justice of Secretary of the Colony, John Lovick (d. and William Byrd's Secret History of and a hatred of petty royal tyrants, 1733) in an attempt at the Dividing Line, give graphic details places him half a century ahead of garnering incriminating as to Moseley's craft as surveyor and other patriots. evidence against Royal cartographer. I In his Secret History, Moseley was constantly at odds Governor Charles Eden (1673-1722). Byrd refers to those who accompany with the royal administration. In him along the dividing line by coded 1713 North Carolina Royal Governor words. Edward Moseley (ca 1682­ Thomas Pollock (1654-1722) wrote 1749) is called "Plausible" and is the that Moseley "was the chief contriver most highly thought of member of and carry-er on," in the colony.3 He the North Carolina delegation. was also well known throughout the Moseley's cartographic efforts became colony for house breaking and the prime North Carolina evidence in entering. Late in 1718 Moseley and the dispute over the North Carolina his associates broke into the Edenton and Virginia border. house of Secretary of the Colony, Edward Moseley was one of the john Lovick (d. 1733) in an attempt most important individuals in at garnering incriminating evidence colonial North Carolina. An accom­ against Royal Governor Charles Eden plished jurist and surveyor, he was (1673-1722). Moseley was later tried appointed surveyor general for North by the Governor for the offense, but Carolina in 1710 He later became a Moseley, as they say "didn't get mad, member of the House, the Governor's he got even," and a few years later

* Presented at the 15th TntemaLional Conference on the Hi.story of Cartography, Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography, TI1e Newberry Library, Chicago, 23 June 1993.

MERIDIAN 10 15 Charles Eden was just a memory in author. In the Public Record Office the colonies.~ Plausible's exploits are catalogS this copy is described as almost as famous as North Carolina's measuring 57.5 inches by 45.4 other notable colonial, Edward Teach inches. WP Cumming describes this (d.lll8), a.k.a., Blackbeard, the copy as being in "poor condition."9 pirate. Moseley's cartographic skills A second copy of this map and popularity among fellow resides in the United Kingdom at colonialists, insured him a loftier Eton College. It was acquired in 1754 place than Teach, who was hung a as part of the Library of icholas The ownership of the two copies in England few years later in Virginia. Mann (d 1753), master to the have long been docu­ Three of Moseley's 1733 maps Charter House in London. Mann was mented. The East are known to have survived. This a former student at Eton and had Carolina copy has a more colorful history. article will trace the provenance of taught briefly there. This copy of the the currently extant copies at Eton Moseley map is currently in a group College and the Public Records Office of several hundred uncataloged maps in the United Kingdom, and East given to Eton by Mann. The Eton Carolina University in the United copy is in their files "folded," and States. The ownership of the two measures 116 x 143 cm., and was copies in England have long been located for the author after "a pro­ documented. The East Carolina copy longed search" by Mr. Paul Quarrie, It would appear then has a more colorful history. Three Librarian and Keeper of the College that this sighting of a copies of the Moseley map have been Collections in 1991. 10 No hint is Moseley map in London was incorrect and a copy reported in America within the last given of the current condition of the was never held (at least hundred and fifty years. Interestingly Eton copy. II Cumming describes the in recent times) by the none of the three copies are known Eton copy in 1966 as also being in British Museum. to have been in existence at the same "poor condition."12 time. A "plausible" explanation for William P Cumming in his the currently extant East Carolina 1958 survey The SOLltheast in Maps, copy is suggested here. Ownership of lists a copy of the Moseley map as this copy can be traced back to the being in the British Museum. 13 time of an Eighteenth century However in his 1966 survey of the governor of North Carolina, Moseley maps for the North Carolina Arthur Dobbs. State Department of Archives and The earliest recorded mention History, Cumming fails to note a of any of the three publicly held copy in the British Museum. The Moseley map copies is in the Colonial British Museum in 1990 again failed Records of North Carolina, where to turn up any copies of the Moseley North Carolina Governor Gabriel Map. A. G. Armitage of the Map Johnston (ca. 1698-1752) records Library staff writes that "1 am afraid seeing a copy hanging on the wall of the reference to this map in the Board of Trade Office in London Cumming being held in the British 6 in 1751 5. This copy appears to have Museum is in error." I~ It would passed to the Public Record Office appear then that this Sighting of a where it was copied in 1822 by Moseley map in London was incor­ Major Issac Roberdeau of the Topo­ rect and a copy was never held (at graphical Bureau of the U.S. Army least in recent times) by the British Engineers. Correspondence in 1993 Museum. with the Public Records Office The North American copies of confirms its current location. 7 ·'Bro­ the Moseley map are alas not as easily mides" of the Public Records Office documented as the copies in En­ copy have been consulted by this gland. At various times during the

16 MERIDIAN 10 past two hundred and fifty years which has also disappeared. Fortu­ several known sightings of the nately, or unfortunately depending on Moseley map have occurred in how you look at it, this copy was America. The most recent is the East actually seen in the collection in Fortunately, or Carolina University copy which question and photographic reproduc­ unfortunately depending surfaced in 1982 in an attic in the tions of it exist. Sometime in 1937, on how you look at it, this copy was actually "Wessington," mansion in Edenton, Henry Plimpton Kendall (1878-1961), seen in the collection North Carolina. IS "Wessington," an a New England industrialist (who is in question and antebellum home of the Graham better known as the manufacturer of photographic reproductions of it exist. family, was built around 1850, and Curity diapers and Curad bandages), was used as headquarters for Union acquired a copy of the Moseley Map. Forces occupying Edenton during the No information on the provenance of Civil War. It is assumed that the map this map has been discovered. Mr. was not in the mansion during the Kendall, during the fifties and sixties, Civil War for reasons to be housed his copy of the Moseley map chronicled later. According to the at his winter home in Camden, South 1982 owner of the map, Mrs. John W Carolina. Kendall had a large photo­ Graham, of Edenton, the map had static reproduction of the map made "been in the possession of the Gra­ for William P Cumming to examine ham Family for several genera­ sometime in 1947. The reason for tions."16 The Graham copy of the making the reproduction was not map is currently on display in the given by Cumming in his 1966 Archives and Manuscript Search bibliography, and not much is known Room of East Carolina's Joyner of the condition of the Kendall copy Library in Greenville, North Carolina. of the Moseley map. The photostatic The East Carolina copy measures 57 copy of the Kendall Moseley map is by 45 inches. 17 In 1983 it was also missing from the South Carolina cleaned and mounted, using acid free collection at the University of South backing, in a large frame. The map Carolina in Columbia. Copies of this was found folded upon discovery and photographic reproduction were was tucked among a stack of manu­ again reproduced by the North script papers, publications and old Carolina Department of Archives and ledgers. As a result of the folding History in 1966. In any event the some minor portions of the text have Moseley map owned by Kendall could been lost. Coverall, the current not be found at the time of the estate condition of the map is good. Storage inventory in 1961, when Kendall died is less than ideal however, the map in Camden. Cumming writes that being subject to excess light and wide "Kendall's original was misplaced or variations in temperature and humid­ lost." 19 Kendall was a collector of ity. Some evidence was found re­ Whaling material, and was presumed cently that the map may be collaps­ to be interested in the Whale car­ ing under its own weight in the touches on the Moseley map. The frame. William P Cumming exam­ bulk of Kendalls Whaling memora­ ined the East Carolina Copy in 1983 bilia went to the Essex Institute and pronounced the map to be in Library (New Bedford, Mass.). It better condition than the copies in would appear that the Kendall copy the Public Record Office and Eton and the East Carolina/Graham copy College. IS are two different maps. The East Cumming, in his 1958 survey, Carolina copy has manuscript nota­ had located another copy in addition tions (discussed below) from the to the one in the British Museum, colonial period that are absent in the

MERIDIAN 10 17 phorocopy of the Kendall map. In Graham family for several genera­ addition the folds on the two maps tions." are different. The whereabouts of the This concludes our survey of the Kendall copy of the Moseley map still known sightings of the Moseley map remains unsolved. during the period of what might Prior ro the appearance of the charitably be called the time of Kendall copy, the Moseley map was modern bibliography Was the last seen and clearly documented in Moseley map available in America [t wuuld appear then North America in 1853. In Febmary prior to 1853? And more important that the East Carolina of 1853 the No/til Carolina University what is the significance of the pencil copy of the map can be traced back to Edenton Magazine,contained an article about a notations on the East Carolina copy? in 1853 in a continuous Moseley map in the hands of Hugh The writer would like to present a r- roily line. Williamson Collins (1811- 1854) of "plausible" explana IOn for the Edenton, orth Carolina20 The pre-1853 existence of this copy of the edirors state that they had "good Moseley map in North Carolina. reason ro suppose that this is the only Onjune 2, 1775, the Royal copy in North Carolina, and probably Governor of North Carolina, josiah in the Union." The Collins copy was Martin (1737-1786), found the In the cool of the night, recorded as being 54 by 56 inches. summer heat from the North Carolina Governor Martin, his and mounted on canvas. Little more patriot colonists living in 1 ew Bern family and staff, left in a rowboat pulled up at the is known of the Collins copy of the too hot for his administration ro back door to the Moseley map than is mentioned in handle. In the cool of the night, Governor's Palace in the above article. This copy appears Governor Martin, his family and staff, New Bern, and fled to to be the same as the copy now left in a ro'Nboat pulled up at the back New York. located at East Carolina Uni\'ersity. door ro the GO\'ernors Palace in New On ovember 7th, 1892, Hugh Bern, and fled to Ne\v York. About Williamson Collins' brother, Arthur eighteen months later, thc personal Collins Cd. 1893) left "an old map in effects that were lef" behind bv the the room," in the care of his cousin Governor were solo at public auction, William Blount Shepard ro benefit the Patrie't public treasury. (1844-1913).21 Arthur Collins asked The personal effects at the sale cousin "Will"" to "Please take care of consisted of items such as: a childs [the mapl for me."22 Arthur Collins mahogany chair. an o\"al died the next year, in 1893. Shepard looking-glass, one penknife and a lived at Somerset Plantation in poem, "The Deserted Village," a Creswell, North Carolina. No other saddle, a urinal, several pairs of mention of the mclp was found in the slippers, and "two shovels and William Blount Shepard papers. scrapers and bridle,'"Cobviously for his William Blount Shepard's daughter, Excellency's moum)21 At that auction, Anne Cameron Shepard, married held on February 6th. 1777, a 1 \V William A. Graham, MD Bern shipv,rright, Da\"id Barron (1875-1911). William A. Graham's purchased for the sum of two fll1L1nds

r 'was john W Graham of Edenton. "One map of North Carolina."21 Il \Vas his wife, Mrs. john W Graham, Barron held the map for c)nly a _~hlm \"110 was the owner of the Moseley period. his death occurring the nl~xt m;::p "disco 'ered" in Edenton in year in 1778. Could this map of 1982. It would appear then that the North Carolina have been a tVlc)selcy East Carolina copy of the map can be map? Certainly the Moseley map was traced back to Edenton in 1853 in a the largest and most prominent map continuous family line, thereby giving of North Carolina during the c\)Jonial credence ro the tradition that the period. The Collet map of ' 770 is Moseley map "had been in the much smaller in siz arc! the ir

18 MERIDIAN 10 Mouzon map was in four sheets 1781 at the latest. On that date the showing both North and South British under Major james H. Craig, Carolina. It would appear then that destroyed houses, rum, 3,000 barrels the map at the Martin auction was of salt, and killed a New Bern physi­ In any event, the map would have left New Bern most likely a Moseley map. Where cian, Dr. Alexander Gaston. by August 10, 1781 at the did this map go, and more important, One must then turn to the latest. On that date the where did it come from' second half of the puzzle: how did British under Major For the answer to the first James H. Craig, destroyed Governor Martin acquire the map' houses, rum, 3,000 question, this writer has traced the This is yet another interesting story barrels of salt, and killed family history of Hugh W Collins of behind the East Carolina Copy of the a New Bern physician, Edenton, who it is recalled was Moseley map. To answer this question Dr. Alexander Gaston. holding a copy of the Moseley map in one must go back to 1735 and Edenton in 1853. Hugh Williamson Ireland. Collins (1812-1854) was the son of There a prominent gentleman josiah Collins (1763-1839) a prosper­ Squire, Arthur Dobbs (1689-1765), ous Edenton Merchant. josiah Collins petitioned the Board of Trade for was married in New Bern to Anne 132,000 acres in North Carolina along In July 1764, Governor Rebecca Daves in December of 1803. 26 Dobbs, by then 78 years the Black River. This petition was old, married for a second Anne Rebecca Daves was the daughter followed later in 1736 with another time, to Justina Davis of Major john Daves (1748-1804), an petition to the Board, for land along, (b. 1749), a young girl of offficer in the first Continental line "the Peedee, Cape Fear, Neuse Rivers fifteen. troops. He was wounded at Stony of a million and a quarter acres for Point, NY in 1779, promoted to early settlement.,n These rivers are Captain in 1781 and in 1790 was just the ones upon which the pencil appointed the first collector of the notations appear on the East Carolina newly open United States Customs copy of the map' Dobbs and a num­ House in New Bern. Major Daves ber of other gentlemen were attempt­ died in 1804, the year after his ing to establish an enclave in North daughter's marriage to josiah Collins. Carolina for settling poor Protestants Anne was the only child of Major from Ireland in the colonies. During Daves to be of majority when he died. the 1740s Dobbs continued his The oldest of the two sons, john Pugh colonizing efforts with the acquisition Daves (1789-1838) was only fourteen of additional tracts of Land in North when his father died. Personal effects and South Carolina. In 1753 Dobbs of the Major, like a map, would have was appointed Royal Governor of gone to his daughter Anne. This North Carolina 28 He was unable to would account for the Moseley map sail for the colonies until 1755 where turning up in Edenton, where Anne he arrived in Virginia after a twelve moved, in 1853. Thus the mystery of week voyage plagued by foul, cold, the maps appearance in Edenton is weather and heavy seas. It is quite solved. possible that Dobbs purchased a copy This writer has not yet found a of the Moseley map in London, and written link between David Barron carried it with him to the colonies. and Major Daves. However, the map This would be the most likely method was quite valuable as a military secret by which the map was transported to in the colonies at the time and it is the colonies. A new governor would quite possible that it passed to the come over with the latest map,(which senior continental officer in New Bern would have been the Moseley one) upon Barron's death in 1778. That especially if he had extensive land officer would have been Major john holdings in the colonies. Daves. In any event the map would Governor Dobbs, who by this have left New Bern by August 10, time was 66 years old, left two sons at

MERIDIAN 10 19 home in Ireland. his first wife having GO\"rnor josiah Martin and the died prior to his departure for the c k~nial ,\ssembly For a period in colonies. His Excellency's first task North Carolina, all courts of law, except upon his arrival in the colonies was to for minor cases handled by justices of tour his subjects, including those who lhe peace, \\"LTe closed to colonists. were on his personal lands. He 'his was a major thorn in the side of traveled several hundred miles in the the paniots, and gave much impetus to The map was most likely heat of the summer, a task that would the Revolution in orth Carolina. part of the legal docu­ be strenuous for a much younger Tht' "Martin court quarrel" 30 was ments being held by (he Royal Courts in the man. Nine years later, injuly 1764, precisely the reason, that Governor m'ltter of the Estate of Governor Dobbs, by then 78 years Dobbs copy of the Moseley map came Arthur Dobbs. old, married for a second time, to to the Governor's mansion in New justina Davis (b. 1749) a young girl of Bern. The map was most likely part of fifteen. His action excited a great deal the legal documents being held by the of ridicule and talk among his colonial Royal Courts in the matter of the Estate subjects. Dobbs was the victim of a of Arthur Dobbs. The map showed the bitter lampoon in the colonies where location of the properties that the [t is hoped that the it was alleged the young lady was in fonner Govemor held. It was also a explanation presented in love not with him, but with another copy of the best available and largest this art 'e1e \\" Hid hm' young man (not the Governor!). Alas, map of North Carolina. The map ;'ppea1 c 'Pla 'slble" to hlll: [J., 'arc! lloseley Dobbs had a stroke toward the end of "vould have been held by the head of and William Byrd could the wedding year (1764) and was the provincial ChancelY Court, the 1 Ie> be with us today. paralyzed on one side of his body, and Royal Governor, who at th::lt lime was his lower limbs became useless. josiah Martin. Dobbs died the next year in 1765 at Thus the saga of the 110seley Map the age of seventy-nine29 in I orth America comes to a full circle. The executors of Dobbs' estate The copy brought to the New World by were his two sons in Ireland. They Governor Dobbs in 1755 survived attempted to prevent the young intact with his manuscript notations. It justina (who was by then sixteen) was re-discovered in Edenton, North from collecting Dobbs' bequest to Carolina in 1982. The whereabouts of her. Abner ash (1740-1786), was the H.P Kendall copy remain un­ retained by the young lady to press knoV\'T1. It appears to have been yet her case in the colonial courts. A year another copy of the Moseley Map that later he married the young woman, was briefly in the Americas. This copy and continued to press the case in vamshed in 1961, but may perhaps still the royal couns. Abner Nash went on exist in private hands. The copies in the to become the second govemor of the Public Records Office and Eton College State of orth Carolina in 1780. But, have remained with us through the back to the Moseley map story: Nash centuries at mar or less the same obtained an injunction in the colonial location. courts to prevent the two sons from Edward Moseley who "was the collecting the bequest. The two sons chief conniver and carry-er on" 3\ in then countered by getting the provin­ the orth Carolma Colony would have cial Chancery Court to issue a per­ no doubt taken much pleasure in the petual injunction to prohibitjustina vmious appearances, and then disap­ from collecting. In response to this pearances, of the copies of his map in Nash appealed to the Privy Council in North America. It is hoped that the London, where the Chancery Court explanation presented in this article ruling was reversed. Nash's petition, would have appeared "plausible" to called the "Martin court quarrel," both Edward Moseley and William caused a bitter rift between the Royal Byrd could they be with us today

20 MERIDIAN 10 NOTES Library, the University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. * 1 Boyd, William K., WilIial11 18. Cumming, North Carolina ... Reproduc­ Byrd's, "Histories of the Dividing Line tion sheets were issued with the book by Betwixt Virginia and North Carolina". the Division of Archives and History New York: Dover Press, 1967.p. 16. 19. Cumming, North Carolina... p. 17. The other Commissioners from North 20. " orth Carolina" The North Carolina Carolina were 'Jumble" (Chief Justice University Magzazinc, voL 2, no. 1, Christopher Gale, "Shoebrush" February, 1853, p. 2. (Secretary of the Colony John Lovick), 21 Arthur Collins to William Blount and "Puzzle Cause" (Allorney General Shepard, November 7, 1892, a.Ls, 2 William little). pages. In the William Blount Shepard Papers, East Carolina University 2. Boyd, Willial11 Byrd's .. .; William Byrd, Manuscript Collection, no. 448. Prose Worhs: Narratives oja Colonial 22. Collins to Shepard. Virginian, Cambridge, MA: Belknap 23. The State Records of North Carolina Press of Harvard Universiy, 1966, p. Goldsboro, C: Nash Brothers, 1907, 54-55. voL 22, p. 882. 3. Powell, William S. Dictionary of North 24. Powell, William S. DictionalY ofNorth Carolina Biography, Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Biography, voL 2, pp. 21-22; University of North Carolina Press 1988. Peter B. Sandbeck, The Historic Architec­ v. 4, p. 333 ture of New Bern and Craven Countv. 4. Powell. Moseley was fined and barred North Carolina, ew Bern, C: The from holding public office for three Tryon Palace Commission, 1991, p. 418. years in a sensational public trial in 25. Herzog, Lynda Vestal, The Early Edenton. Architecture of New Bern, North Carolina, 5. Colonial Records of Non)l Carolina, 1750-1850 Los Angeles, CA: University Raleigh, NC: PM. Hale, 1886 vol. IV, pp. of California, Los Angeles, unpublished 1073-1074 Ph.D. diss., 1977. P 28. 6. This copy is now in the ational 26. Clarke, Desmond. Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, Archives as "H47 Roll" according to 1689-1765, Chapel Hill, C: University Cumming (see note 9, below). He also of orth Carolina Press, 1957, p. 71 cites a "photocopy" as being in the 27. Clarke, p. 71 library of Congress. 28 Clarke, p. 105. 7. Great Britain. Public Records Office. CO 29. Clarke, pp. 119- 120. 700/Carolina 11, as cited in Maps and, 30 Clarke, p. 187 Plans; the Public Records Office, 31 Powell, voL 4, p. 356. LondonHMSO), 1974, \'oL 2, P 471 8. Maps and Plans, vol. 2, p. 471 9. Cumming, William P North Carolina in Maps, Raleigh, NC: State Department of Archives and History, 1966, p. 17. 10 Leller to the author from Paul Quarrie, Librarian and Keeper of the College Collection, Eton College, December20, 1991 11. Eton College. Collections. Maps. Gf. 18 (90). 12. Cumming, p. 17. 13. Cumming, William P. The Southeast in Early Maps. with annotated chec1~list Princeton, Nj: Princeton University Press, 1958. p. 202. 14. Leller to the author from G. Armitage, British Museum, April 28, 1990. 15. "Rare Historic 'Find' by ECU Researcher" East Carolina University, Pieces of eight, January 15, 1983, p. 3 16. "Rare Historic 'Find".. " 17. The Moseley Map (copy), William P Kendall Collection, South Caroliniana

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22 MERIDIAN 10 The Henry Raup Wagner Collection

by Susan M. Allen periods of furious writing from the Head, Special Collections, materials he had collected. These The Honnold library cycles were followed by his deaccession activities either by gift or sale, which were usually carried out in a spirit of despondence He seemed to lose interest in a project the moment it was completed and wished to be rid of the research materials. This habit helped him keep his library to a manageable size and meant that he became a great bene­ factor to the public. By 1935, Pomona College, the mother institution of The Claremont Colleges in California, had already been the happy recipient of a few Wagner gifts. It is difficult to say just who introduced Pomona College to him. Perhaps it came about through his association with the Zamorano Cub, or his intimate knowledge of the William Smith Mason Western Americana Collection given to Pomona College over the years beginning in 19141 In any event, on February 7, 1935, he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the college at a convocation opening the second semester. A report of the event in the Pomona, College Bulletin noted that "Pomona College brought honor to herself in It is difficult to say just History of the Collection: recognizing the scholarship and who introduced Pomona achievement of Henry Raup Wagner, College to him. Perhaps it Henry Raup Wagner was the came about through his kind of book collector that Lawrence of San Marino, ... a pre-eminent association with the C. Wroth praised in his The Chief End authority on the history of early Zamorano Club, or his of Book Madness (945). Perhaps Spanish explorations .. The college intimate knowledge of library has profited on several occa­ the William Smith Mason Wroth even wrote this piece with Western Americana Wagner in mind. Throughout Henry sions by gifts from his collections."2 An Collection given to Raup Wagner's book collecting life, article in Student Life, the Pomona Pomona College over the College student newspaper, describing years beginning in 1914. which really began at age sixty, Wagner went through great cycles of the confim1ation of the honorary excited and frenzied acquisition and degree also announced that "an exhibit

MERIDIAN 10 23 of the works of Dr. Wagner, together course.? That same year the Wagner with a number of like books from the Collection began to arrive. Mason Library has been arranged in Ruth Frey Axe, personal secre­ the display cases of The Pomona tary to Wagner for many years, College Library."3 This was confirmed recalled how the collection came to by the library's annual report for that Claremont: year which stated: "At the time that Mr. Wagner and 1 person­ Mr. Henry R. Wagner was given a ally delivered much of the It is unclearjust how doctor's degree, an exhibit was made close an attachment collection, in 1936 and 1937. Henry Raup Wagner felt of histories and bibliographies Those were unforgettable to the college. written and compiled by him, drives through the then together with some books of early picture-postcard fragrant exploration in the west."~ orange groves in the shadow It is unclear just how close an of snowy Mt. Baldy. On arrival at the eucalyptus­ attachment Henry Raup Wagner felt shaded campus, Mr. Wagner to the college, but his own words tell would select a few choice Mr. Wagner and I how he chose to immediately volumes from the back of the personally delivered follow-up on the honor he had car, and 1 would take as mush of the collection, in received: "On February 8, 1935, [the 1936 and 1937. Those many as I could carry up the were unforgettable drives day after the convocation] I ad­ broad steps of the old library through the then picture­ dressed a letter to PresidentL.K. building. Miss Mari.an Ewi.ng, postcard, fragrant orange Edmunds of Pomona College in the affable and helpful groves in the shadow of snowy Mt. Baldy. which 1 expressed my opinion about librarian, would greet us at the advisability of instituting in the the entrance. She showed us college a chair or department to teach up the staircase to the shelves the history and geography of the where she had arranged to receive the collection. (If I orth Pacific, and explained that I remember correctly, easy had a large collection of books, maps, chairs had been placed ready and photostats of original docu­ to receive us.) Mr. Wagner ments. . which 1 would like to place and Miss Ewing would settle where it wi.ll be used."5 in for a chat on the books Negotiations about the pro­ Mr. Wagner was carrying, posed course of study with Dr. while 1went back to the car Burgess, Secretary of the Faculty, for some additional onesB were not as fruitful as those with Miss Ewing's concern for the Edmunds. So it was not until almost preservation of the collection was a year later in January 1936 that voiced in her annual report for that Edmunds was finally able to write year, and the attention being given it Wagner of the trustees' acceptance of by Professor Kemble was noted: his deed of gift for the collection along with its condition of a North The very valuable collection on cartography with accom­ Pacific history course. In 1936, John panying maps given the Haskell Kemble was appointed library by Dr. Henry R. instructor in history. He was the first Wagner is a rare gift which historian at Pomona who was prima­ should be much better rily trained in American history with housed than is possible in research interests in maritime history the present building. and the history of the American Through the good offices of west6 Since Wagner had known Mr. Kemble the maps are Kemble's teacher, Dr. Herbert E. being carefully classified and Bolton, he had no trouble approving filed in the map case pur­ 9 of Kemble to teach his proposed chased for the purpose

24 MERIDIAN 10 Wagner continued to add rare Description of the books and typed transcripts of Collection: manuscript documents during the 1937-1938 academic year. By July of The bulk of the Henry Raup 1938 all of the books had been Wagner Collection at Claremont catalogued and Kemble had almost includes the maps and books used by completed the arranging and listing Wagner to write his Cartography oj the of the maps. The new librarian, Dr. North West Coast ojAmerica to the Year Thus, he saw the Wagner 1800 (University of California Press, Collection move from the Ralph H. Parker, reflected in his first old Pomona College annual report that "the collection 1937). There are more than six Carnegie library building forms an ever increasingly valuable hundred maps, most of them photo­ in 1952 to The Honnold stats or facsimiles. The earliest is that library built to serve all portion of the Library and has made The Claremont Colleges. possible instruction in a field little of Peter Apianus entitled "Typus known but deserving of much Orbis Universalis..." (1520), in study."lo Professor Kemble remained facsimile, and the latest is a photo­ at Pomona College to develop this static copy of Isidoro de Antillon's "La program of study until his retirement America Septentrional. .." (1802). in 1977. Thus, he saw the Wagner The entire collection is arranged Collection move from the old chronologically and divided into two Pomona College Carnegie library basic categories: Pre-Discovery Maps building in 1952 to The Honnold and Post Discovery Maps. Pre­ Library built to serve all The Discovery Maps cover the period Claremont Colleges. At The Honnold 1507-1603 and Post Discovery Maps Library the collection joined with the cover the period 1535-1802. In William Smith Mason Collection in addition, the Post Discovery Maps are forming a significant portion of the subdivided by century. Wagner Western Americana holdings in brought together every map he could Special Collections. find representing the North Pacific Coast before 1800

Figure 2: Americae sive novi orbis... Ortelius. 1570.

MERIDIAN 10 25 The oldest original map he was able twentieth centuries, but some are as to collect is "Americae sive novi early as the sixteenth century. Works orbis, nova descriptio" from Abraham of Claudius Ptolemaeus, Rainier Oneliuss TI1eatrwl1 Orbis Terrarwl1 Gemma Prisius, Simon de Tovar, The oldest original map (, 1570) (figure 2). Others Robert Hues, Martin Cortes, he was able to collecl is include maps by Henricus Hondius , and Willem Blaeu "Americae sive novi orbis, of America and Asia dated 1631 and are represented in the collection. nova desaipto" fTom Abraham Ortelius' a manuscript map of Califomia, Another very important part of Theatrum Orbis including the Channel Islands, made the collection includes the research Terrarum. about 1794 by an unknown hand materials assembled by Wagner for (figure 3). his Spanish Voyages to the Northwest The books amount to about Coast ojAmerica in the Sixteenth seven hundred titles on the subjects Century (1929), and the Manuscript of geography, , and naval Atlases oJ Battista Agnese (1931). architecture. The imprints are pre­ These materials include notes on the dominately of the nineteenth and discovery of the Philippines and the

, " ,. ...

Works of Claudius Ptolemaeus, Rainier , Simon de Tovar, Robert Hues, Marlin Cortes, Abraham Ortelius and Willem Blaeu are represented in the collection.

••..1.

r

Figure 3: Mal/uscript Map ofCalifornia. ca. 1794.

26 MERIDIAN 10 Manila trade to Acapulco in the Arrangements may be made to order sixteenth century made by Wagner photocopies of materials, but because while in Seville and photostats of of the fragility of some items, all Agnese manuscript maps, books, and orders will be reviewed by a staff correspondence with Giuseppe member. Copies are 15 cents per Caraci, a professor at Milan Univer­ sheet, and readers are asked to limit sity, collected in conjunction with the requests to no more than fifty pages Agnese project. per book title. In 1949 when Wagner distrib­ Scholars at a distance may uted his Cortes holdings following address written queries regarding the Document boxes publication of his The Rise oj collection to: Head, Special Collec­ amounting to six linear Fernando Cortes (1944) many of the tions, The Honnold library, 800 N. feet preserve his research books were sold to the Claremont Dartmouth Avenue, Claremont, notes and correspondence relating to all these College library. Since in 1952 California 91711. projects. Pomona College and The Claremont College joined together to establish Other Descriptions and The Honnold library (along with Finding Aids: Claremont Men's College) these books became a part of the previ­ FOR THE BOOKS ously established Wagner Collection. Card Catalog, The Honnold Finally, the collection includes library. (including Wagner Collec­ forty bound volumes of photostats tion shelf list.) and transcriptions of manuscripts Schnitzler, Mario C. An annotated and the translations prepared by bibliography oj the Henry Raup Wagner from these materials. Docu­ Wagner Collection oj early ment boxes amounting to six linear Hispanic-Amelican history and feet preserve his research notes and geography. .. Claremont, Califor­ correspondence relating to all these nia: Claremont Graduate School, projects. 1955. FOR THE MAPS Access to the Collection: Beckner, Jean."Historical maps in The Honnold library for The The Henry Raup Wagner Collection is Claremont Colleges." Western housed in the Special Collections Association oj Map Libraries InJor­ Department of The Honnold library, mation Bulletin, 7 Gune 1976): Claremont California. Scholars may 65-6. access the collection in the SpeCial Hilton, Ronald, ed. Handbook oj Collections Reading Room, Monday Hispanic source materials and through Friday from 9:00 a m. until research organizations in the United noon and from 1 to 5 p.m. The States. The University of Toronto department is closed weekends, and on Press, 1942. January 1, Memorial Day, July 4, labor Wagner, Henry Raup. The Cartog­ Day, and December 25. raphy oj the northwest coast oj Authorized identification must be Amelica to the year 1800. Berkeley: presented when calling for an item. A University of California Press, current library card is reqUired for 1937. students, faculty and staff of The "Wagner Map Collection: (inven­ Claremont Colleges. Other visitors may tory) unpublished. Special use a current driver's license or pass­ Collections, The Honnold library. port. All speCial collection materials must be used in the Special Collections Reading Room.

MERIDIAN 10 27 MANUSCRIPTS, NOTES, MISCEllANY 4. Ewing, Marion J. Thirty-Second Annual "Wagner Collection File Tide Repon: Jar the Twelve months ended June 30, 1935. Claremont: Pomona College Index and Bound Documents Library, 1935. p. 3. Inventory" unpublished. Special 5. Wagner, Henry Raup. Sixty Years oj Book Collections, The Honnold Library. ColleCting. Los Angeles: The Zamorano Club, 1952, p. 40. OTES 6. Lyon, E. Wilson. The HistDlY oj Pomona College, 1887-1969. Claremont, CA.: Pomona College, 1977, P 346. 1. In Bul/ion to Boob, Wagner notes that 7. Axe, Ruth Frey. "Henry R. Wagner: An many of the duplicates he sold to New Intimate Profile." The 1979 AB Bookman5 York book dealer, Lathrop C. Harper, Yearbooh. Clifton, J.: AB Bookman were sold to William S. Mason who later Publications, Inc., 1981, p. 103. gave the books to Pomona College. 8. Axe,pp.41-42. Wagner, Henry Raup. Bul/ion to Books. 9. Ewing, Marion Repon oj the LibrOly, Los Angeles: The Zamorano Club, 1942, J. Pomona College, July, 1936-]une 30, 1937. p.203. ClaremoJ1l: Pomona College Library, 2. "Henry Raup Wagner, Pomona, Lilt. D: 1937, p. 3 Author and Book Collector Honored at 10 Parker, Dr. Ralph H. Report oj the Convocation" Pomona College Bulletin, Libraries oj Pomona College Libra/y, March 1935 p. 1 . 1937-1938. Claremont, CA: Pomona 3 "Degree Conferred on Eminent Author." College Library, 1938, p.5. Pomona College Student Life, Claremont, California, February 8, 19r, p. 1.

HE RY R. WAG ER 1862-1957 Although Wagner started his professional career as a lawyer (Yale 1884) he never practiced "'lith any degree ofenthusiasm. He became interested in mining and in 1898 went to London as an ore buyer for the Guggenheim fim1. Subsequent assignments from Guggenheim took him to , Mexico and South America. At the age ofsixty, he retired to pursue what would become his true vocation, collecting books, maps and manuscripts and writing detailed and accurate bibliographies based on those collections. During the years he lived in Mexico Wagner became deeply interested in the countrys history, particularly the peliod centeling on the revolution of 1810. His large library of books and pamphlets, gathered to support that interest, eventually went to Yale. Next, Wagner started acquiring materials on the opening of the Midwest and the Far West - a collection that he used to develop his first great bibliography The Plains and the Rockies (919). After the bibliography came out, Wagner sold the collection to Henry E. Huntington and started on his next project. This time he invested in early materials on the Southwest - an effort that lead to another important bibliography, The Spanish Southwest 1542-1794 (1924) The New York dealer Lathrop Harper bought the bulk of the Southwest collection. When Wagner sold his collections it was not to make money but Simply to make room on his shelves for the next project. Through the 1920s and 1930s he continued to collect and publish. In connection with his interests in discovery and travel he issued Spanish Voyages to the Northwest Coast ojAmerica in the Sixteenth CentUlY in 1929 and Cartography oj the Northwest Coast ojAmelica to the year 1800 in 1937. Many titles followed. In sixty years ofcollect­ ing Wagner estimated that some 100,000 books, pamphlets and manuscripts had passed through his hands. He was no mere dilettante, but an avid historian. He claimed, and no one ever disputed the claim, that he never owned a book he had not read. He approached both collecting and bibliography with joy and passion . Librarians and scholars remain deeply in his debt. Donald C. Dickinson The University of Arizona Author of The DictionalY oj American Book Collectors. Greenwood Press, 1986.

28 MERIDIAN 10 BOOK REVIEWS ---

Cartographers at The USTE, which existed from 1838-1862 was the exploration and War: Two Recent mapping agency of the Army, and Works hence the U.S. government, in the Transmississippi West. Their story From The Golden Gate to Mexico should be reasonably familiar to City: The u.s. Army Topographi­ readers of these pages_ Their history cal Engineers in the Mexican War, has been told by William H. 1846 & 1848. Goetzmann (Army Exploration in the By Adrian George haas. Washington, D.C.: American West, 1803-1863), Frank Office of History, Corps of Engineers, 1993. Schubert (Vanguard of Expansion; 353 p. For sale by the U.S. Gove1l1ment Army Engineeers in the Trans­ Military e:;tablishments Printing have long been concerned Office. Mississippi West, 1819-1879), and has with producing maps for been frequently mentioned by this battle pl"nning from the author over the last fifteen years. strategic to tacricalle,-els_ Mapping for Stonewall: The Civil War Service ofJed Hotchkiss. The book is a revision of Traas' By William) Miller Washington, DC MA thesis, originally written for the Eliolt & Clarl? Publishing, 1993 176 p. ISBN history department at Texas A&M 1-880216-11-6 $2995 University in 1971. It recounts in some detail the Mexican War service It goes \vithout saying that wars rendered by the USTE and its indi­ The book IS a revision of usually create a good deal of carto­ vidual members. There is a good deal Trass' MA thesis, originally written for the graphic activity Generals and troop­ of introductory material: the war history department at ers alike have a tough time fighting doesn't open for business until page Texas A&M University in battles over unfamiliar ground. 122, and Traas' work ends on page 197] . Military establishments have long 226. Nonetheless there is a great deal been concerned with producing maps more detail about the USTE Mexican for battle planning from the strategic War service than found in to tactical levels. Your reviewer spent Goetzmann, or indeed, any other a considl:rable part of his military individual source. It is quite plain career involved in various aspects of that Winfield Scott, the U.S. Army It is quite plain that map-making, and can attest that as of field commander, valued the contri­ Winfield Scott, the u.s. Army field commander, the Vietnam War maps were an butions made by the USTE, and valued the contributions important part of planning opera­ fought some remarkably successful made by the U5TE. an~ tions on both land an in the air. battles using their input. fought some remarkab ., successful battles using The two books under consider­ The book is an unlowly prod­ their input. ation both deal with cartographers uct. A plain brown wrapper, ... er, during wartime in the 19th century. binding, albeit with a nice gold eagle Both should be interesting reading on the front cover, does not lend for anybody interested in the topic. much visual excitement to the Both are open to at least some product. Inside there are 40 black criticism, to which I shall apply and white illustrations and two newly myself below. The similarities end drawn maps in color to illustrate the there. The differences shall be text. Traas has made good use of discussed as well mining the National Archives for From the Golden Gate ... deals illustrative material, and the quality with a familiar topic: the us. Corps of reproduction is excellent. The page of Topographical Engineers (USTE). cjze ·s too small (S'x8')to show much

29 detail on some of the smaller scale vened. Hotchkiss seceded with his maps, John Fremont's 1848 "Map of state, and eventually dlifted into Oregon and Upper California" on service with Confederate Army as a page 61, for instance, but larger civilian jack of all trades. In March of scale maps fare well. A magnifying 1862 he distinguished himself, under glass would probably be necessary the eyes of General Thomas J. for those interested in fine detail in "Stonewall" Jackson, in the southern Traas has mined ational Archives Record Group any case. retreat from Kernstown. Shortly 77 (the Engineers) with There are the inevitable com­ thereafter Jackson added Hotchkiss diligence, and in a story plaints. There are very few cited to his staff as a cartographer. like this it is the primary sources that count. secondary sources published after the Hotchkiss' position with the 1971 date of the original MA thesis. army was always slightly anomalous. There has been a considerable He was never actually in the army, amount of re-thinking of the Ameri­ but served as civilian employee. For can West, and the Mexican War since all that, as Miller makes clear, he had that time. On the other hand, Traas a considerable influence, through his has mined National Archives Record cartographic skills, on Jackson, and Elliot & Clark are to be commended on the Group 77 (the Engineers) with the Confederate generals for whom production values shown diligence, and in a story like this it is he worked after Jackson's death. As in Mapping for Stonewall. the primary sources that count. noted, Hotchkiss was hired as Traas has only one really annoy­ cartographer. This involved a lot of ing writing habit, and it may not affect riding, looking at ground over which others as it did me. He is fond of battles might be fought, and some­ referring to various individuals by their times COinCidentally, the disposition nicknames. Hence Zachary Taylor of federal troops. Miller never hits the It seems to this reviewer becomes Old Rough and Ready (no theme, but it seems to this reviewer thatJackson was using Hotchkiss as an unofficial quotes). After about the sixth such that Jackson was using Hotchkiss as and part-time intelligence usage it wore velY thin. an unofficial and part-time intelli­ service as well as If Traas' government publication gence service as well as cartographer. cartographer. is not visually exciting, then Miller's Miller's coverage of Hotchkiss' commercial one more than makes up career has made good use of the for it. Elliot &: Clark are to be com­ thirty two linear feet of the Hotchkiss mended on the production values material in the National Archives. shown in MappingJor Stonewall. The While not exhaustive by any means page size is large (9'xll'), and the the book gives a clear picture of a quality of color reproduction is man involved in remarkable events. superb. The only criticism along this Aside from the cartographic portion line is that the book contains no of the story, two themes emerge as evidence (nor does the Traas book for central to Hotchkiss' being. First is that matter) that it was produced on his deeply held Christianity; second acid free paper. is his love of the Shenandoah Valley. Jedidiah Hotchkiss may not be Including these elements gives us a as familiar to readers as is the USTE. more rounded portrait than sticking Hotchkiss was originally a New strictly to his mapping activities. Yorker, bm as a young man wound That said, we note that his up in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. mapping activities were extensive and Like many before and since he fell well done. For a self taught cartogra­ under the spell of that beautiful place pher, Hotchkiss produced some and took up residence there. remarkable maps. The high quality of Hotchkiss was largely self-educated, reproduction in MappingJor Stonewall and was making his living running a will give the reader ample opportu­ school when the Civil War inter- nity to study Hotchkiss' technique

30 MERIDIAN 10 and attention to detail. Of particular one, make it Mappingfor Stonewall, as note is a portion of his huge (over 9 it is the more significant in terms of feet long) manuscript "Map of the new information. The high quality of Valley" (page 65). The reproduction reproduction in Mapping is superb, the map is very detailed, LITERATURE CITED Jar Stonewall. .. will give the reader ample and the use of contours on a map Goetzmann, William H. Army opportunity to study (produced in war time and when Exploration in the Avnerican West, Hotchkiss' technique and contours were a long way from being attention to detail. 1803-1863 New l-L 'en, CT: Yale the accepted technique), says a lot University Press, 1959. There about the man who made the map. have been several reprint editions There are few quibbles this of this work reviewer can make. Miller gets small Schubert, Frank N. Vanguard of and large scale confused on page 59; ExpanSion: Army Engineers in the Richard W Stephenson might be Trans-Mississippi West, 1819-1879. startled to discover that he was once Washington, DC: U.S. Govern­ head of the Geography and Map ment Printing Office, 1980. Division of the Library of Congress. These are extremely minor com­ Charles A. Seavey plaints about a superb book School of Library Science, Clearly both books under The University of Arizona review belong on the shelves of most Tucson, AZ map collections and in the collections of serious students of the history of cartography. If you haw to buy jUq

The Economist Atlas oj the New and Culture, and concludes with a Europe. Country Analysis. Each section New Yor/('I-TcnIY Holt and Company, 1992. i!:1dudcs from seven to eighteen 288 pages rS8V 0-8050-1982-0. $7500 subsections discussing related topics. The subsections are generally The Economist Atlas of the New two-page spreads; some are four Europe pre~ents a cOlTlprehensi\'e pages. The Country Analysis includes The index contains over approach to information regarding descriptive and statistical data for 3, 00 entries, and a half­ page list of sources, cites, Europe in the 1990s, and Europe's each national unit, including popula­ orgmlizations and relation to the rest of the world. tion, politiCS, government finances, publications used, in Introductory material states: "This economy, trade, finance, education, addition to those at thematic atlas presents a picture of health and defense. There are addi­ The Economise. the new Europe. It takes nine subject tional charts and graphs interspersed areas and looks at how Europe has among these tables. The index evohoed, where it is now, and the contains over 3,000 entries, and a problems and prospects that lie half-page list of sources cites organi­ ahead." The text is divided into zations and publications used in sections on History, Communica­ addition to those at The Economist, a :io:ls, BusiGess, Finance, Politics, leading British news magazine. The International Relations, War and Single-volume work measures 37x27 Defense, Environment, and People cm (14 1/2x10 1/2 in), is printed on

~". RIDIAN 10 31 medium-grade paper with a good expansive topic can only touch the A half-page chart listing terrorist groups, their binding, and is profusely illustrated surface and very selected points of bases of operation, with full-color photographs, thematic the subject, and this is the case with motivations and when maps and charts. The Economist Atlas oj the New Europe and where they are active. Each two- or four-page subsec­ despite the wealth of information tion includes an essay, maps, charts, included. Inevitably, the atlas is dated illustrations and at least one sidebar by the continuing breakup of Euro­ on a related subject. For example, in pean countries: while the former the section on Communications, the Soviet Union is treated in the atlas as four page subsection on Railways the separate republics of Belarus, includes a general 1500 word essay; a Ukraine, Moldava, Russia, etc., The Economist Atlas ojthe few Europe makes an half-page map of Europe showing Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia are important contribution "Rail network 2010"; smaller maps shown as single nations. 1\'10 prob­ by presenting so much with brief text showing Alpine lems in presentation occur frequently comparative data in one place and in such an corridors and Scandinavian links; a enough to become annoying. First, attractive way. map, diagram and text on the Chan­ the bar graphs are so stylized for nel Tunnel; three graphs with texts, decorative purposes that they are entitled "Picking up speed" Gourney only useful in the most general terms times), "Government subsidies", and for providing information. The "On the right track"(density of rail shapes of the bars as well as the use networks); and photographs of the of shadows allow the reader to make The shapes of the bars as French high-speed train and a only the most general estimation of well as the use of famous Swiss mountain viaduct. The the value being depicted. Second, shadows allow the reader two-page subsection "Terrorism in thematic maps which use a range of to make only the most general estimation of the Europe in the War and Defense" colors as a value scale often use value being depicted. section includes a 1200 word essay; a colors which are attractive to the eye half-page chart listing terrorist but difficult to distinguish and groups, their bases of operation, coordinate between the legend and motivations and when and where the map. The use of photographs they are active; a smaller chart listing which are beautiful or dramatic, but each countrys anti-terrorist units; and not particularly well related to the The index is complete, small photographs of a 1987 airline text, occurs less frequently, but adds but neglects to tell the hijacking, jailed Red Brigade activists, to the strong impression that this reader what the varying and wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 volume was designed for looks rather type faces signify. in Lockerbie. than usefulness. Certainly the book achieves its "The Country Analysis" section goal of presenting a pi~ture of the is organized in a "schematic geo­ new Europe, its past, present and graphical order", neither alphabetical future. A great deal of information is nor obviously geographical, requiring presented, including hundreds of reference to the table of contents for This is not a book of graphs, tables and thematic maps quick use. Entries for small countries maps, but a book with maps. which represent much research. The and dependencies are abbreviated. Economist Atlas oj the New Europe The index is complete, but neglects makes an important contribution by to tell the reader what the varying presenting so much comparative data type faces signify in one place and in such an attractive Finally, the use of the word way. It is fascinating and involving "atlas" in the title is deceptive. This is reading. not a book of maps, but a book with The most serious difficulties the maps. book presents are those which limit Overall, it is difficult to make a its use as a reference work. Any decisive judgment on this book. It is single volume which tries to cover an a beautiful, well-constructed volume

32 MERIDtAN 10 on an important and exciting subject. will come away with an expanded The Economist Atlas oj the New Europe knowledge of Europe; however, a gives the reader a comprehensive, reader who goes to this book seeking although shallow, knowledge of a specific information may not be able geographical area with a long history, to find it-even if it is there. complex present and volatile future. However, its usefulness as a reference April Carlucci work, meaning a book which can be Assistant Chief, Map Division counted on to provide thorough and The New York Public Library easy access to specific data, is clearly New York, New York limited. A reader who sits down with The EconomIst Atlas oj the New Europe

The Pont manuscript maps of In his Introduction, Stone Scotland; Sixteenth century presents a brief but densely argued Timothy Pont's maps of origins of a Blaeu atlas. exposition of the known history of Scotland offer a unique By Jeffrey C. Stone. Iiing, Herts.: Map Collector Pont and his maps. A native Scot, view into the editorial Pont graduated from St. Andrews offices of that greatest of Publications, 1989.218 pages. Illus., maps. 17th-century Dutch ISBN 0-906-43049-7 (paperback). £45 University in 1583. He has left us no publishers, , Timothy Pont's maps of Scot­ reasons for undertaking his extraordi­ perhaps the only view we land offers a unique view into the nary survey, which occupied him will ever be privileged to have. editorial offices of that greatest of between graduation and taking up a 17th-century Dutch publishers, position as a minister in Caithness ca. Johann Blaeu, perhaps the only view 1600. Perhaps he had heard of we will ever be privileged to have. So Saxton's 1579 atlas of English coun­ far as is presently known these ties. Evidence in several of the manuscript maps, which formed the manuscripts indicates he was aware basis of volume V of Blaeu's Atlas of the work of Camden. Whatever Whatever the impetus, we know from the maps Novus (1654), and also appeared as the impetus, we know from the maps he left behind that he volume V of his magnificent, culmi­ he left behind that he traveled his traveled his country nating 12-volume Atlas Major (1672), country widely at a time when travel widely at a time when travel was arduous and have no counterpart in materials used was arduous and the hinterlands little the hinterlands little in any other Blaeu atlas. The full known. known. story of the maps has not been told The complete history of how, before. Jeffrey Stone, author of the when, and how many of Pont's maps present volume, has written more were sent to some years than a dozen articles about the maps after his death is not clear. Blaeu over the past twenty-five years, but a acknowledged Pont's authorship on full, scholarly treatment awaited the maps in his atlas, and thirty-eight funding to photograph all of the manuscript maps have survived but, maps for production. This happy as Stone points out, it is evident from event took place in 1989, in time to various sources that Pont drew more celebrate both the 300th anniversary than the surviving corpus. Stone of the founding of the Advocates reviews some of the work done on Library, which first held the maps, Pont by previous authors, and gives and the quadricentennial of Pont's background on the revision of Pont's survey, which Stone conjectures took maps by Robert Gordon, whose maps place 1586-1596, and most likely also appeared in Blaeu's atlas. began in 1589.

MERIDIAN 10 33 The bulk of the volume is resource within reach. Although devoted to a reproduction of the legibility of some names is not clear thirty-eight surviving manuscript even on the actual manuscripts, and Thirty-eight surviving maps, each with a detailed analysis some expertise in paleography is manuscript maps, each and commentary linking the manu­ necessary to decipher archaic spell­ with a detailed analysis script to the map as it finally ap­ ings, all of the maps are reproduced and commentary linking the manuscript to the peared in the Blaeu atlas. Small guide within 20-96 of original size, making map as it finally maps accompany maps which were most of the 9,000 place names appeared in the Blaeu drawn on more than one sheet, to readable, reducing, if not eliminating, atlas. clarify the relationship of one sheet to reliance on the originals. another. Reproductions of portions of Stone's work is invaluable for five Blaeu maps clearly show how students of Scottish history and closely the printed version followed geography. Its value is not restricted the original manuscript. Stone to Scotland, however. It stands as an includes two final maps drawn to exemplar of historical research, a What it means for delineate those areas of Scotland methodology applicable wherever Scotland, in particular, is that any serious historian mapped by Pont. such a unique corpus of maps exists. of the country needs to Stone's book is a scholarly feat. Stone has recently edited a examine the Pont Anyone of the separate analyses of volume reproducing many of the maps manuscripts, and cannot rely on the printed maps. the manuscript maps would be of Scotland in Blaeu's atlas. Wouldn't it instructive; the sum of the parts is be ideal to have these two works impressive. From the analyses we combined in one, matching the learn that Blaeu selected only parts of manuscripts to the finished maps? Pont's work. In general, the manu­ scripts had many more place names LITERATURE CITED Blaeu, Johann. Illustrated Maps of It stands as an exemplar and natural features than Blaeu's of historical research, a engravers copied. Can we extrapolate Scotland from Blaeu's At1.as Novus methodology applicable from this that the same process of of the 17th Century Edited by wherever such a unique selection was used on Blaeu's other Jeffrey Stone. London: Studio corpus of maps exists. manuscript sources, and that history Editions, 1991. has thus lost the record of many Camden, William. Britannia London: places, in many countries? 1607. What it means for Scotland, in Saxton, Christopher. An Atlas of the particular, is that any serious histo­ Counties of England and Wales rian of the country needs to examine London: 1579. the Pont manuscripts, and cannot rely on the printed maps. This work Barbara B. McCorkle will put a hitherto unavailable (retired)

The Conservation Atlas of USA) and the United Nations Envi­ Tropical Forests: Africa. ronment Programme (UNEP) It is New Yor/? Simon and Schuster; 1992 288 the second atlas in a series on tropical pages. ISBN. 0-13175332-0 Owrdbach) forests- Asia and the Pacific was the $13200. first-and it shares the same physical This atlas is a production of the format and conceptual formula as the World Conservation Union(IUCN). first atlas. The purpose of the atlas is In cooperation with the lUCN are the to map closed canopy rain forests and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF; conservation areas speCifically. It is a World Wildlife Fund here in the concise, factual, authoritative and

34 MERIDIAN 10 comprehensive reference work that can between the Tropics of Cancer and be relied upon for an accurate picture Capricorn. Some countries, like those of tropical African forests today It is of eastern Africa (from Sudan to beautifully illustrated with scores of Tanzania) can be considered as a color photographs throughout. cohesive unit in regards to their The atlas is arranged in two parts. forestation and timber heritage, and are It is concise, factual, Part I, "The Issues," describes the thus grouped in a Single chapter. authoritative and comprehensive reference political, social, economic and ecologi­ Conversely, small but heavily forested work that can be relied cal situations of Africa in ten chapters. (or deforested) nations like Equatorial upon for an accurate Part II, "Country Studies," describes 37 Guinea or Guinea-Bissau, merit their picture of tropical African forests today. forested nations of Africa in 22 chap­ own chapters and maps. ters, usually with one or more color maps per chapter. Maps are a full 8 x Each of these "Country Study" chapters 10 inch page (25 x 20 cm) or double shares a logically arranged outline. page. First, a table of population statistics and Part I provides excellent earth forest data is provided alongSide an science/life science snapshots of index map of the nation. Next a concise A useful glossary of technical terms found in tropical Africa, in context with the overview summarizes the chapter in the text and three human population when appropriate. two or three paragraphs. An introduc­ indicies follow the Chapter 1 is the introduction and tory section of the physical, climato­ chapters. There is an index each for flora and explains the system of the atlas' ar­ logical, population and land ownership fauna, and a well-made rangement. Chapter 2 provides a features of the counny follows. Re­ general index. natural history of African tropical maining sections describe: the forests; forests, describing the origins and mangroves; forest resources and development of the main forest blocks. management; deforestation; Chapters 3 and 4 are titled "Biological biodiversity; and conservation initia­ Diversity" and "Case Studies in Preserv­ tives of each country examined. Each ing Large Mammals," treating the chapter includes at least one sidebar astonishing biological richness of article on important conservation tropical moist forests with a focus in projects These include notable national the latter chapter on elephants and parks, specific animal or plant rescue primates. Chapter 5, "Forest People," projects or significant forests. Refer­ describes mainly the African Pygmy ences are provided with each chapter way of life. Chapter 6 extends the along with author credits. examination of humans' role in forest A useful glossary of technical ecology, describing human population, terms found in the text and three environment and agriculture in forested indexes follow the chapters. There is an lands. Chapter 7 outlines the timber index each for flora and fauna, and a trade history and economics in tropical well-made general index. Africa, also describing tree types The 23 maps of forest cover and exploited. Chapter 8 tells of current conservation areas were compiled using forest management philosophy and the the ARCIINFO system. Scales range pressures forming it. Chapter 9 treats from 1:1,420,000 to 1:5,000,000. Hues the protected areas system of African of green for rain forest units (lowland, tropical forests: concept, function, montane, mangrove) and 2 sizes of red history and criteria for inclusion. dots for conservation areas(existing and Chapter 10 speaks to the future of the proposed) are simple and easy to African forests. read. 30% of the maps cover two full Part II examines the countries of pages (25 x 40 cm). The atlas lies flat tropical Africa in detail. One chapter is nicely; the binding appears very devoted to almost every country sound.

MERIDIAN 10 35 Many tables and figures assist policy, shifting climate patterns, use the maps in illustrating the text. of livestock, the polities of economic Throughout the text of Sources of map information are aid, fuelwood demand, and natural the atlas is a strong provided separately from other brush fires interweave with advanced sentiment to consider impassionately all the references. timber practices and inefficient forest causes of human forest Some of the nations have never farming to cause forest loss or modification. had their closed-canopy tropical degradation. forests mapped as distinct units Library collections of both life before. Recent satellite images and sciences and social sciences will want unpublished blueline maps are often this volume of the Conservation Atlas cited as the best, most recent or only of Tropical Forests series, and all sources of map information. other parts too. Throughout the text of the atlas is a strong sentiment to consider Joseph K Herro impassionately all the causes of Branner Earth Sciences Library human forest modification. High and Map Collections population growth rates and pressure Stanford University for large family sizes, land tenure

Mapping Texas and the Gulf pagination. Unfortunately, they have Coast: The Contributions of used the end note convention which Saint-Denis, Olivian, and ie Maire. I'm sure is cost effective; however, I Jackson,Jack, Robert S. Weddle and Winston long for the convenience of "footnotes" DeVille. College Station: Texas A&M Press, to follow the whole story on the same 1990. 104 pages. ISBN: 089096439-4 Owrd­ page without the annoyance of flipping back) $29.50. back and forth or checking all the notes The book contains two essays, the at one time. The dust cover is artful first by Jackson and Weddle and the even if the brown durable cover with second byJackson and De Ville, gold lettering on the spine is rather Texas A&:M Press, seventeen maps, extensive end notes, a ordinary. I also must echo the lament of overall, has done an excellent job with the bibliography, and an index. In addition, many who have reviewed cartographiC design of this book. The there is a brief Foreword by Jay books before me and wish for better interior text is easy on Higginbotham of the Mobile, Alabama, and larger map reproductions. The the eye as is the running Municipal Archives, which describes heads and pagination. 4.25" x 6" fonnat on half-page leaves the major explorations of the region, much to be desired in map reproduc­ outlines the political claims of France tion. I could also wish for the integra­ and Spain to the area, and notes the tion of the illustrations within the text cartographic and geographiC interest of rather than following the essays. Francois Le Maire and Huchereau de The excellence of the scholarship Saint-Denis, both of whom are well more than makes up for the few known to the history of Texas and the phYSical shortcomings of the book. The Gulf Coast. Higginbotham also intro­ first essay, 'The Olivan Rebolledo, duces the Spanish judge and member Saint-Denis Maps of Texas, Louisiana, of the Royal Audiencia, Olivan and , 1715-17," begins by Rebolledo. briefly examining the history of Texas A&M Press, overall, has o.'})loration and mapping of the done an excellent job with the design northern Gulf Coast from Apalache to of this book. The interior text is easy on Tampico, including the expeditions by the eye as is the running heads and

36 MERIDIAN 10 the Spanish to locate and destroy the particularly in the works of the Delisles, French settlement planted by Rene Claude and Guillaume. Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle in As in the first essay, the authors 1685. The maps from those expedi­ have identified a series of maps along The excellence of the tions formed the basis of what was with correspondence and memoirs to scholarship more than known of the region by the Spanish establish the collaboration of Le Maire makes up for the few prior to the journeys of Saint-Denis in with Delisle. Jackson and De Ville also physical shortcomings of traces the activities of Saint-Denis and the book. the fi.rst decades of the eighteenth century It is, however, the journeys of correlates his connection with Saint-Denis between the Red River and Le Maire. the Rio Grande and the subsequent The essays in this small volume geographic and cartographic knowl­ accomplish the objective of bringing edge given to the Mexican authorities attention to the contributions to in the person of an ordor of the Royal American cartography of Saint Denis, Audiencia, Juan Manuel de Olivan Olivan and Le Maire. Jackson and Rebolledo, that commands the atten­ Weddle in the first essay and Jackson tion of the authors. They contend that and De Ville in the second have not the Saint-Denis information opened "a only added to the literature on Saint­ new chapter in Spanish awareness of Denis, Olivan, and Le Maire, but have their shlinking new world domain" shown how valuable maps are to and led to the Spanish policy of dealing historical research. Both essays focus on France's policy, in contrast to Spain's was to with the French intrusion by the the source of cartographic information permit, if not encourage, establishment of presidios to protect in the TexasILouisiana region. Indeed, the circulation of all the borders and the mining interest in Saint-Denis and his journeys across reports and maps of exploration, especially in the northern reaches. The evidence to Texas are the pivotal source for both the western country. support their claims revolves around essays, but the ways in which his the declarations by Saint-Denis to the inforn1ation was used and disseminated Mexican authorities and a selection of were vastly different. The authors in the maps identified with Olivan and his two essays go beyond an examination reports. of the impact of Saint-Denis on both The second essay, "Le Maire and the Spanish and French mapping of the The author's the 'Mother Map' of Delisle", centers on region to explore the method by which methodology, the the second part of the story: the information was gathered, how it extensive research Saint-Denis' connection with French was transferred to the governments, evident in the expansive endnotes and mapping. Jackson and De Ville believe and how each entity used the geo­ bibliography, and a that the Saint-Denis information had a graphic and cartographic evidence to narrative that brings more profound impact on cartography further their national aims. The authors personality to the work, because Frances policy, in contrast to methodology, the extensive research delineates the story behind the maps. , was to permit, if not encourage, evident in the expansive endnotes and the circulation of all reports and maps bibliography, and a narrative that of exploration, especially in the western brings personality to the work, delin­ country: In this essay, the authors eates the story behind the maps. demonstrate how Saint-Denis' discover­ Jackson, Weddle, and De Ville have ies came to the world through Francois managed ably to demonstrate the Le Maire, a missionary at Mobile. possibilities of rigorous cartographic Le Maire was not only interested in research and added substantially to geography, but had the skills to draft studies of Texas and the borderlands. maps as well. Regardless, Le Maires maps and charts were not published Katherine R. Goodwin directly but through others in the Special Collections Division French Bureau of Maps and Plans, The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries

MERIDIAN 10 37 EXHIBIT REVIEWS

Mapping the New World. An first map here is Martin exhibit at the New York Public WaldsseemLiller's 1525 "Terra Nova," library, in which native Americans are Edna Barnes Salomon Room. Curaled by Alice depicted strongly and Simply as Hudson, Cl1iej, Map Division. feather-skirted cannibals, along with September 19, 1992januwy 9,1993. a large animal that may have been the Upon approaching a large artists idea of the hitherto unknown exhibit of maps, a visitor can easily opossum. Later maps continued the become overwhelmed as to where to popular theme of cannibalism, but begin. To properly focus ones atten­ drawings became more sophisticated tion amidst thousands of competing with the increased contact with cartographic and artistic elements can Americans-though not necessarily be a feat that may defy the casual more realistic. In Hendrick Hondius's viewer. This new exhibit succeeds 1633 map of Brazil, native Americans admirably in guiding the viewer into are posed in classical Greek fashion, the maps; anyone who takes the while the mother discreetly rips apart trouble to read each map's label will a bird with her hands to feed her be drawn into an eye-opening child. A native form of bedding that The new exhibit succeeds admjrably in guiding the learning experience. was new to the Europeans-the viewer into the maps; Mapping the ew World hammock-is also illustrated. anyone who takes the "focuses on decorative elements In the section "Exploitation: trouble to read each map's label will be drawn found on maps of South, Central, Slavery, Industry and Trade," natural into an eye-opening and North America dating from the and exploitable resources are high­ learning experience. sixteenth to the nineteenth centu­ lighted. In Matthew Seutter's 1730 ries." Over fifty maps and atlases, all map ofJamaica, which celebrates­ of which were taken from the Public and reduces Jamaica as little more Library's own Map Division, are than an economic investment, the divided into seven thematic sections. striking cartouche depicts a scene of Each label succinctly analyzes the slaves processing sugarcane for Native Americans are maps relevant decorative elements, export; the label cartouche itself is depicted strongly and defined here as including not only cleverly placed on the side of a sugar simply as feather-skhted cannibals, along with a the obviously illustrative cartouches shack. In a Frederick de Wit map of large animal that may and marginal pictures, but the the Pernambuca Prefect, Brazil, an have been the artist's idea practical cartographic elements such intricate illustration of a working of the hitherto unknown as borders, lines of and sugar factory is so dominant that the opossum. , and rhumblines. map is nearly a secondary after­ Within each thematic section, thought. maps show the development of the Political power is the subject of use of decorative elements over time. another thematic section. Early maps As European knowledge of the showed political jurisdiction though Americas grew; and as Europe's the placement of flags and arms; later social, economic and political in­ maps deployed other means. Paolo volvement expanded; so, too, did the de Forlani's 1560 map of Peru seemingly quaint map decorations illustrates the new political status quo evolve. This is most obvious in the through toponymy: European names section entitled "Classic Naivete: have replaced many of the native Images of ative Americans." The place names. The comparison of

38 MERIDIAN 10 three maps of Georgia from 1779, exhibit, the viewer is rewarded with a 1823 and 1834 show the supplanta­ new appreciation of the use of these tion of native American culture such seemingly innocent or straightfor­ as place names and trading paths: ward decorations to promote eco­ Paolo de Forlani's 1560 European-style county boundaries nomic investment, political control map of Peru illustrates came to define the land, native place and religious conversion, as well as the new political status names were largely gone, and what the more noble aim of knowledge quo through toponymy: European names have had been identified earlier as "Indian itself. replaced many of the paths" were no longer acknowledged Mapping the New World is a native place names. as such. complementary exhibit to New Throughout the exhibit, won­ Worlds, Ancient Texts, also in the New derfullittle scenes or objects are York Public Library. Both exhibits are revealed playful putti and a tame but strongly recommended. alert penguin in Jan Jansson's 1640 map of the Straits of Magellen; Michael Dulka, intricate forest views in a 1606 map Dag Hammarskjold Library of Brazil; and a map frame decorated United Nations, New York City with the initials of Catherine the Great in a 1795 map highlighting Russian settlements in North America. Upon completing the

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MERIDIAN 10 39 J. T. MONCKTON LTD. 1050 GAGE STREET WINNETKA, IL 60093 TEL. 708.446.1106 FAX 708. 446.1103

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We invite institutions to sign up for our quarterly listing of "New Arrivals." This news letter contains interesting notes on recent events in the map and print world. In addition, it also contains offerings that we have just purchased. In the area of acquisitions, we encourage you to contact us for those items that may be of interest to you. We are presently computerizing our entire inventory and customer list and hope that you will get involved. By contacting us with your specific needs, we can include you on our confidential wants listing. This will enable us to actively search for that item or items which are out of the ordinary and consequently overlooked. Speculum Orbis Press will issue its next book in June at a special reception for the Society for the History of Cartography. Robert Karrow's Sixteenth Century Mapmakers and Their Maps is presently being typeset. This comprehensive carto­ bibliography of over 700 pages will be a definitive reference work for many years to come. It is being published for the Newberry Library and will appropriately be debuted at that institution on Thursday June, 24, 1993. The pre-publication price of the book will be $95 prepaid. This will increase to $110 after the reception. Post publication terms for the trade and institutions will be available. Send orders to: KarrowBook Speculum Orbis Press 1050 Gage Street Winnetka, IL. 60093

40 MERIDIAN 10 CALENDAR----

Spring 1996: Fall Western Association of Map Libraries Western Association of Map Libraries, meeting at Sacramento, California. 30th Conference. Site TBA. Contact: Sylvia Bender-Lamb, California Division of Mines and 1998 Geology, Sacramento. january 9-15: March 7-10 Amelican Library Association, Midwin­ De-Centering the Renaissance: ter Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Canada and Europe in june 25-july 2: Multi-Disciplinary Perspective American Library Association Annual 1350-1700. Centre for Reformation Meeting, Washington, DC. and Renaissance Studies Victoria University in the University of 1999 Toronto. january 22-28: Please send proposals by American Library Association, October 1, 1996 to: Gerlnaine Midwinter Meeting, , PA. Warkentin Victoria College Univer­ june 24-july 1: Sity of Toronto Toronto 15S lK7 American Library Association Annual CANADA E-mail: Meeting, New Orleans, LA. [email protected] Fax: (416) 585-4584 2000 May 12-18: Kaltographiekongress 96, jamtal] 14-20: Interlaken. More info: American Library Association, Kanographiekongress 96, Hardstrasse Midwinter Meeting, San Antonio, TX. 73, CH-5430 Wetdngen, Interlaken; July 6-july 13: fax 0561371344 American Library Association Annual june 20-27: Meeting, Chicago, IL American Library Association Annual Conference, New York, New York. 2001 Febntary 9-15: Fall: American Library Association, Western Association of Map Libraries Midwinter Meeting, Washington, DC. meeting in Seattle. Contact: Kathryn june 14-21: Womble, University of Washington. American Library Association Annual October 13-16: Meeting, Atlanta, GA. Library Information Technology Association National Conference, 2002 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. jamlal] 18-24: American Library Association, Midwin­ 1997 ter Meeting, ew Orleans, LA. February 14-20: jLlI1e 27-jLdy 4: American Library Association, American Library Association Annual Midwinter Meeting, Washington, DC. Meeting, San Francisco, CA. june 26-july 3: American Library Association Annual 2003 Meeting, San Francisco, CA. january 10-16: American Library Association, Midwinter Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.

MERIDIAN 10 41 Site for ALA Annual Conference not Meeting, ew Orleans, LA. yet selected. Any organization wishing to add their 2004 meetings to this calendar, please January 23-29: contact Mary Larsgaard, Map and American Library Association, Imagery Laboratory, University of Midwinter Meeting, San Antonio, TX. Califomia-Santa Barbara, or the June 17-24: editor. American Library Association Annual CartoElectronics1

programs and associated documenta­ u.s. Geological tion on Internet. The MD provides a Survey Library national series of base cartographic The National Mapping data. Computer software supporting Division of the u.s. Catalog these data is primarily in the FOR­ Geological Survey now TRA language. The software pro­ offers certain of its The USGS Library catalog can now compUler software grams are supponed on a vmiety of programs and associated be searched over the Intemet. Three mainframe, minicomputer, and documentation on ports on the Library's LS/2000 system workstation hardware platforms. This Internet. are available for TELNET access software was previously available to the using the following procedures: general public only on 9-track mag­ 1. TypeTELNETl30.11.54.234 or netic tape or diskette through the Earth TELNET LIBRARYER.USGS.GOV Sciences Information Center (ESIC) for 2. At the response Trying ... Con­ a nominal reproduction and handling nected, hit fee. Fifteen FORTRAN programs, 3. At the PW prompt, type GSL sample data and job control language . (letters in caps) are now available on Internet using file 4. At the lD prompt, type LS2K transfer protocol (FTP). creturtv (letters in caps) A limited amount of soft-copy 5. At theTerminal: VT/IOO prompt, computer program documentation is hit also available in both Word Perfect and 6. The next screen displays the ASCll. Additional documentation will opening menu of the on-line be added. Any documentation not catalog available via FTP can be obtained in 7. To exit, type IEXlT . hard copy from USGSs Earth Sciences 8. Control I Information Center for a nominal Contact: Cheryl Sund, charge. Ordering information and price [email protected]. quotes may be obtained by calling 1-800-USAMAPS. Internet Access to USGS The follOwing information is required to connect to program files on National Mapping Division Internet. Computer Software and using FTP: Documentation Internet Address: nmdpow®.er.usgs.gov The National Mapping Division (or 130.11.52.92) of the U.S. Geological Survey now User Name: anonymous offers certain of its computer software Password: (enter at least one character)

NOTE: (1) Compiled by the editor from various electronic SOLlfces. This column will run as an irregular feature in futu re issues.

42 MERIDIAN 10 Note: The user name must be entered in lower For the carto-history crowd, and case. very interesting, indeed. After login, an ASCII-formatted introductory file READMEDOC can be Canadian GeoScience obtained from the public directory by Information entering the "cd public" command and TELNET GEOINFO.GSC.EMR.CA or the "get readme.doc" command. 132.156.35.177 READMEDOC contains current login: opac information on the subdirectories and OPAC = INNOPAC their files. The "dir" command provides The OPAC contains the holdings information on the file sizes in bytes of the Canadian Geoscience Informa­ and the date the file was last updated. tion Centre (CGIC) and the Quebec The READMEDOC command permits Geoscience Centre (CGQ) These addresses and file transfer of all types, whether ASCII, procedures are what To exit, select D on main menu WordPerfect, direct access, or execut­ works here, in Tucson, on Grace Welch Map Library University of our VAX mailing system. able, before using the "get" command. Ottawa Internet: They may, or may not, Further information concerning work on other systems. [email protected] Tel:: NMD software and associated docu­ (613) 564-6831 mentation is available from Mike Linck at: Phone: (703) 648-4667 InternetE-mail: Forest Science GIS Gopher [email protected] Mail: US A new GIS site under develop­ Geological Survey 510 National Center ment at Oregon State University: Reston, VA 22092 gopher@fsl:orsLedu. Type= 1 Map Library Related Listservs Name=Oregon State Univ, Forestry These addresses and procedures Sciences Laboratory are what works here, in Tucson, on our Paths VAX mailing system. They may, or may Host=gopher. fsl:orsLedu not, work on other systems. The basic Port=70 The Map Collection at xxx@xxx combinations have worked to URL: gopher://gophedsl:orsLedu:7011 the University of Texas is scanning numerous get your editor hooked up to these copyright-free CIA and nets. CIA and State Department Maps State Department maps On-line for access through Mosaic MAPS-L@UGABITNET Our very own US. based list, The Map Collection at the started byJohnnie Sutherland at the University of Texas is scanning numer­ University of Georgia ous copyright-free CIA and State Department maps for access through CARTA@SASKUSASKCA Mosaic (A shareware program that The Canadian equivalent of MAPS-L deals with imagery as well as textual [email protected] material: You need a big PC to make it The US. GIS listsery work righL ed.) LIS-MAPS@UKAC .MAILBASE Our URL is: http// The new UK equivalent of www.lib.utexas.edu/Libraries/libs/ MAPS-L. Unlike the North American PCUMap_collectioni Map_collection lists when you send a subscribe .html message is should be to: [email protected], and the Stephen Littrell message should be 'Join LIS-MAPS s.littrell@mail .utexas.edu your name" not "subscribe" MAPHIST@HARVARDAbirnet

MERIDIAN 10 43 CartoFact Methuen: Gentlemen, have you got (Historical Division) maps? Officers: Yes, Sir. On 24 June 1890, the 'Pioneer Methuen: And pencils' Corps column of Volunteer Settlers,' Officers: Yes, Sir. consisting of some 500 police (fully armed with the newest machine Methuen: Well, gentlemen, your guns) and 250 would-be gold miners destiny is Mount Hampden. You go and settlers, all funded by Cecil to a place called Siboutsi. I do not Rhodes' British South Africa Com­ know whether Siboutsi is a man or a pany, set off from Mafeking to mountain. Mr. Selous, I understand, conquer Mashonaland. The com­ is of the opinion that it is a man. But mander of the column was Frederick we will pass that by. Then you get to Selous, the paradigmatic 'Great White Mount Hampden. Mr. Selous is of the Hunter' who had been exploring the opinion that Mount Hampden is area of modern day Zimbabwe for placed ten miles too far to the west. several years before. Major General You had better correct that; but on Methuen addressed the officers of the second thoughts, better not, because column on their departure: you might be placing it ten miles LOO far to the east. Now, good-morning, gentlemen. Courtesy of Matthew Edney, Department of Geography, SUNY Binghampton. The dialog between Methuen and his officers is found in: Denis Boyles, Afri.can Lives: White Lies. Tropical Truth, darkest gossip and rumblings of rumor-from Chinese Gordon to Belyl Marh/wm, and beyond ew York, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988, page 1981.

44 MERIDIAN 10 CartoFact II CartoFact (Historical Division) (pornographic

There have been many cases of division) poor penmanship among famous According to the Daily Telegraph (a people throughout history. Shakes­ British newspaper) of October 13, peare was one, and manuscript of 1993, the Ordnance Survey is Hawthorne's stories remain unpub­ considering suing the makers of a lished because nobody can read soft-core porno film Suburban them. But Napoleon was said to have Housewives is over copyright in­ such incredibly bad handwriting that fringement. Unlike the United States many of his letters were mistaken for where government-produced materi~l mapsl" is not copyrighted, in the UK such (The source: Amazing Facts: A material is subect to copyright laws. fascinating array offacts and figures In any case a vigilent OS worker about, people, places and events D. L. spotted a 1:50,000 OS map on the Nagle (no publisher, no date) jacket of the tape. The OS is pursuing Another view of Napoleon and royalties from the filmmakers. maps is provided in Able Gance's It is unclear if OS maps were classic movie Napoleon. Josephine is featured in the film itself. A call went waiting at the altar and Napoleon is out for possible reviewers, but as of back at his apartment, poring over press time we have no further word. dozens of maps, doubtless plotting future conquests. (ed.)

MERIDIAN 10 45 1 FORMATlO FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Meridian is published semi-annually by the American Library Association's Map and Geography Round Table. Meridian welcomes articles from all disciplines which discuss any aspect of the world of cartographic information.

There are two parts in the editorial selection process. Research articles will be selected by the double blind referee system, using at least two readers in addition to the editor and associate editor. When published, articles which have been refereed will be clearly labeled as such. The journal will contain some non-research! refereed articles which contribute to our knowledge of the practice of informa­ tion storage and retrieval for collections of cartographic materials. Non-refereed materials will be labeled as such.

Accomplishing suggested revisions to accepted material is the responsibility of the author. The editorial staff reserves the right to make minor changes for the sake of clarity. Authors will be provided with page proofs prior to publication.

Full length manuscripts should generally not exceed 7,500 words, although exceptions can, and will be made. Shoner material is at the discretion of the author. All editorial material should be addressed to:

Charles A. Seavey The University of Arizona 1515 East First Street Tucson, Arizona 85719

Manuscripts should be submitted in three paper copies, double spaced, in addition to an electronic version on either 5.25 or 3.5 inch Ooppies. Any wordprocesser, DOS or Macintosh, is acceptable, as long as an additional ASCll file is included on the disk. Floppies will be returned to the author.

Manuscripts should include a cover sheet with the author's name and address, which should not appear anywhere on the rest of the manuscript. A 75-100 word abstract should also be included.

The citation style manual for textual references is the most recent version of the Chicago Mal1ual oj Style. The citation style manual for references to cartographic material is CartographiC Citatiol1s: a Style Guide, by Suzanne M. Clark, Mary Lynette Larsgaard, Cynthia M. Teague. Chicago: Map and Geography Round Table, American Library Association, 1992.

Photographs should be 8xl0 glossies. Tables and/or figures should be submitted in camera ready form. Tables and figures printed by a laser printer are acceptable as camera ready copy. Authors should keep in mind that graphs, tables, etc. may be reduced for reproduction and should be deSigned accordingly. Original artwork will be returned to authors.

46 MERIDIAN 10