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Home , Angelica, Angelica arguta, Angelica genuflexa, Apiaceae, Cicuta, Cicuta bulbifera

AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE [UMBELLIFERAE] OF ALBERTA

Compiled and written by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen

September 2019

© Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using information primarily from Moss (1983), Hitchcock et. al. (1955-69), Douglas et al. (1998), Lesica 2012, and Gleason and Cronquist (1991). follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2019). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which the keys can be improved. The 2018 S-ranks of rare (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SH; SU, according to ACIMS, 2018) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotic species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Control Act (2016). Apiaceae [Umbelliferae] Key to Genera 01a Lowest simple, undivided ...... 02 01b Lowest leaves (and the upper) deeply lobed or divided into leaflets or linear segments . . . .04 02a Leaves smooth-edged, linear-lance-shaped to oblong...... americanum S2 3a 02b Leaves toothed, the lowest ± heart-shaped, 2a the upper commonly deeply lobed or divided into leaflets...... 03 03a usually with a bluish tinge; , in dense round heads with a ring of spiny at the base. planum X 03b Plants not blue-tinged; flowers bright , in umbrella-shaped clusters with spokes without spiny bracts ...... aptera 04a Leaves with 5-7, toothed leaflets radiating from the base; covered in short, hooked 3b spines/prickles . . . . . marilandica 4a 04b Leaves pinnately divided or with 3 leaflets or linear segments, toothed or smooth edged; fruits not spiny ...... 05 05a Leaves with 3 large, 10- to 30(40)-cm-wide leaflets ...... 05b Leaves not as above ...... 06

5a 06a Smallest leaflets long, slender, thread-like, (1)3-12 cm long ...... 07 06a Smallest leaflets broader and mostly shorter (<2 cm long)...... 10 → 07a Bulblets (→) in upper axils largely replacing flowers ...... bulbifera 07b Bulblets absent...... 08

08a Leaves 1X divided; fruits ≈2 mm long, round, → slightly flattened. . . . gairdneri 08b Leaves 2-3X divided; fruits 3-6 mm long, oblong, strongly flattened and winged . . . . 09 7a 8a 09a Annual 30-100(150) cm tall, with a distinctive ‘’ odor; growing on disturbed ground ...... Anethum graveolens X 09b Perennial native plants 20-80 cm tall, without a dill-like odor; growing on dry slopes in grasslands ...... (in part) 10a Mature leaves (at least many of them) with well-developed leaflets, not finely divided into small segments...... 11 9b 10b Mature leaves finely divided into many small segments, most without well-defined leaflets. 18

9a

3 11a Leaves 1X divided ...... 12 11b Leaves 2-3X divided...... 14 12a Native wetland plants, in sloughs and marshes throughout AB (except mountain and dry mixgrass regions), from clusters of spindle- shaped, fibrous ...... suave 12b Weedy exotic plants of disturbed sites, rare garden escapes, from taproots...... 13 13a 13a Plants annual or biennial, ± hairless; flowers yellow; fruits strongly flattened and winged, 12a 5-6 mm long; leaflets ≤2X as long as wide, coarsely toothed, lobed . . sativa X 13b Plants perennial, shortly woolly hairy (especially on stems and stalks); flowers white; fruits slightly flattened, ribbed, not winged, 2-2.5 mm long; leaflets varying from egg-shaped and sharply toothed below to deeply dissected and much smaller above. . . X 13b ...... 14a Plants from fibrous or fleshy-thickened, closely clustered roots, growing in wetlands (ponds, marshes, swamps and streams)...... 15 14b Plants from taproots or stout stem bases, growing in upland sites (woodlands, disturbed ground, occasionally streambanks) . . . . . 16 15a 15a Mature leaves (at least some) 2-3X pinnately divided; side veins of mature leaflets ending in the notches between the teeth; stem bases thick, hollow, with cross-walls; some roots often tuberous-thickened; poisonous. . Cicuta 15b Mature leaves 1X divided, but first and 15b submersed leaves often 2-3X finely divided; side veins of mature leaflets ending in the teeth (not in notches); stem bases without cross-walls; roots not tuberous-thickened ...... 16a Fruits ± cylindrical, linear to club-shaped, 8-22 x 2-3 mm, usually bristly-hairy (hairless in occidentalis). . . . . Osmorhiza 16a 16b Fruits oblong to elliptic, ≤3X as long as wide, hairless...... 17 17a Exotic weeds growing in disturbed areas; 17a flowers yellow or greenish yellow; involucral bracts lance-shaped, smooth-edged, bent downwards; fruits somewhat flattened, with moderate wings < the width of the body...... Levisticum officinale X 17b Native plants growing in moist and stream banks; flowers white or greenish yellow; involucral bracts toothed or absent; fruits strongly flattened, with showy wings mostly ≥ the width of the body . . . .

17b

4 18a Exotic biennials from taproots, weedy, in disturbed areas...... 19 18b Native perennials, with or without taproots, not weedy, in various habitats...... 21 19a Stems -blotched; plants foul-smelling, very poisonous, 50-200(300) cm tall; in marshy areas...... maculatum X 19b Stems not purple-blotched; plants aromatic, 20-120 cm tall; on roadsides, in fields and other upland areas...... 20 20a Fruits covered in small, hooked bristles; plants coarsely hairy to ± hairless, with a 19a characteristic carrot odor; main leaflets (first division) stalked; clusters with >20 main branches, the outer branches curved upward at maturity; involucral bracts 1-4 cm long, edged with widely-spaced, slender lobes...... carota X 20b Fruits smooth; plants hairless, with a characteristic odor (especially the ); main leaflets (first division) stalkless; 20a flower clusters with 7-14 main branches,the outer ones ± straight at maturity; involucral bracts 0-few, tiny...... carvi X

21a Leaves and stems hairless; fruits ± cylindrical, wingless, rounded on the back, 3-4 mm long, rough with tiny bumps (tubercles); flowers 20b yellow; flower-cluster stalks hairless but often rough to the touch with tiny bumps and barbs; bractlets at the base of the secondary flower clusters (umbellets) separate, with translucent edges; dry prairie across sAB...... divaricatum 21a 21b Leaves and stems with or without hairs; fruits strongly flattened and winged, >5 mm long, smooth; flowers white, purplish or yellow; flower-cluster stalks smooth; bractlets at the base of the secondary flower clusters separate or fused, with or without translucent edges; various habitats, from alpine tundra to grassland ...... 22 22a Fruits with 2 broad side wings and 1 or more additional wings on each surface; flowers white in compact clusters with 3-5 short, main 22a branches usually obscured by the flowers; main flower-cluster stalks (peduncles) usually shorter than the leaves; dry prairie in seAB...... glomeratus ...... [Cymopterus acaulis] 22b Fruits with 2 side wings only, the other ribs not winged; flowers yellow (sometimes white or purplish in and ), in relatively open clusters with 22b visible main branches; main flower-cluster stalks usually longer than the leaves...... Lomatium (in part)

5 Angelica Angelica 01a Leaves with main stalks and leaflets bent sharply downwards (→); involucral bracts

→ absent; flowers white or pinkish; moist sites in the Lower Foothills Natural Region, cAB...... 01b Main leaf stalks and leaflets not bent sharply downwards; involucral bracts present or absent; flowers white, pinkish or greenish 1a yellow; moist woods and streambanks, mostly 2a s of Crowsnest Pass, swAB...... 2 02a Flowers greenish yellow in 1 (rarely 2), 2X-branched, cluster with a conspicuous ring of bracts at the base; involucral bracts lance- shaped, sharply toothed, often as long as the rays (rarely absent); stems rather slender, (15)30-70(100) cm tall . . . Angelica dawsonii 02b Flowers white or pinkish, in 2-several 2b 2X-branched, umbrella-shaped clusters ------without bracts at the base; stems very stout, 50-150(200) cm tall. . . . .

Cicuta Water-hemlock 01a Leaflets linear, ± thread-like; leaf axils usually with small bulblets (→); flowers rare......

...... → 01b Leaflets lance-shaped; bulblets absent; flowers common...... 2 2a 02a midveins rough-to-touch (scabrous) with short stiff hairs on the upper surface;

leaflets very narrowly lance-shaped, usually <5 → mm wide; vein enclosures of lower leaf-surface elongate-rectangular; fruits ± spherical, wider 1a than long, 1.5-2.2 mm long. . . 02b Leaflet midveins smooth and hairless; leaflets lance-shaped, 10-20 mm wide; vein enclosures of the lower leaf-surface squarish; fruits longer than wide, 2-4 mm long . . . . 2b ------Heracleum Cowparsnip 01a Flower clusters 10-20 cm wide, with 15-30 main branches (rays), in June-July; plants 1-2(3) m tall; stems ≈2.5 cm wide, green, sometimes purple veined; leaflets 10-20(40) cm long, not shiny, with broad lobes ± radiating from the base; common, on moist sites throughout most of AB ...... . . . . [Heracleum lanatum; H.sphondylium] 1a 01b Flower clusters up to 150 cm wide, with 50-150 main branches, in mid-late August; plants (1.5)3-5 m tall; stems ≈ 5 cm wide, with purple 1b spots, blotches and veins; leaflets shiny, up to 130 cm long, edged with pointed, pinnate lobes; exotic, in moist to wet, disturbed sites, not yet found in AB but anticipated...... XXX

6 Lomatium Desert- 01a Leaves divided into linear to thread-like segments >1 cm long...... 02 01b Leaves finely divided into small segments <1 cm long...... 03 02a Fruits broadly elliptic, with wings mostly ≥ the width of the body; smallest leaf segments 2a narrowly linear, relatively few; stems usually leafless...... Lomatium simplex [Lomatium. triternatum ssp. platycarpum] 02b Fruits narrowly elliptic, with wings mostly ≤½ the width of the body; smallest leaf segments 2b linear, relatively numerous; stems usually with leaves...... 03a Involucel bractlets at the base of the secondary

→ flower clusters egg- to lance-shaped and broad-tipped or fused in a cone...... 04 03b Involucel bractlets linear to lance-shaped or absent...... 05 → 04a Involucel bractlets fused in an asymmetric cone (→); flower stalks 3-11 mm long; ovaries 4a and fruits densely sort-hairy; frequent on 4b prairie grasslands and eroded slopes...... 04b Involucel bractlets separate, egg- to lance- shaped and broad-tipped; flower stalks 1-3 mm → long; ovaries and fruits hairless; Cypress Hills...... S1

05a Wings of the fruits ± corky-thickened (→), narrow; plants 30-120 cm tall; leaves 10-30 cm wide; montane woods and rocky slopes in sw AB...... Lomatium multifidum . . . [Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum] 05b Wings of the fruits thin, narrow or wide; plants 7-50 cm tall; leaves <10 cm wide; various 5a habitats...... 06 06a Plants rough with stiff, granular hairs to almost hairless; flowers yellow; fruits rough-hairy (at least when young), 5-8 mm long on 2-5(7) mm stalks; alpine shales in the Waterton area ...... Lomatium sandbergii 06b Plants (at least flower cluster stalks) soft- hairy; flowers white or purple-tinged (rarely yellowish); fruits soft-hairy or hairless, (7)10-20(28) mm long on 1-11 mm stalks; dry, open hillsides across sAB...... 6a Lomatium macrocarpum

6b

7 Osmorhiza Sweet- → 01a Plants smelling of licorice; stems clustered; fruits hairless, rounded at the base, without tail-like appendages; flower cluster branches 1b (rays) ascending to widely ascending; flowers pale yellow; montane woods, swAB...... 01b Plants not smelling of licorice; stems mostly 1a single (sometimes 2-3); fruits bristly-hairy, gradually tapered to the base, developing → conspicuous tails (→); rays widely ascending to spreading or bent back/down; flowers white or purple-tinged; various habitats...... 02 02a Plants aromatic, smelling of ; secondary flower clusters with persistent bractlets (→) 5-15 mm long; styles 2-3(4) mm long; fruits 2a 18-22 mm long; cAB...... S3 02b Plants not aromatic; secondary flower clusters without bractlets or bractlets very small and soon shed; styles <0.5 mm long; fruits 10-20 mm long...... 03 3a 03a Mature rays and stalks wide-spreading, often bent downwards; fruits rounded at the

tip (without a beak); widespread, across the

→ s 2/3 of AB . . . . . → 03b Mature rays and fruit stalks usually ascending; fruits constricted at the tip to form a 0.5-2.0 mm beak ; Rocky Mtns and Cypress Hills. . . . . 04 4b 04a Flowers white or greenish; fruits 12-22 mm long with a beak-like tip 1-2 mm long and longer than wide (→). . . 4a ...... [Osmorhiza chilensis] 04b Flowers purple, , or occasionally greenish white; fruits 8-13 mm long, with a beak-like tip <1 mm long and wider than long (→)...... Osmorhiza purpurea

8 References

Alberta Conservation Information Management System (ACIMS). 2018. List of all Vascular Taxa Confirmed for Alberta as recorded in the ACIMS database - March 2018 in A. Parks, editor. ACIMS, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.

Britton, N. L. and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern and Canada. Reprinted by Dover Publications in 1970 edition. Dover Publications, Inc., , New York.

Brouillet, L., F. Coursol, S.J. Meades, M. Favreau, M. Anions, P. Bélisle & P. Desmet. 2015. VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. http://data. canadensys.net/vascan/

Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United Sates. Stanford University Press, Stanford, . Douglas, G. W., G. B. Straley, D. Meidinger, and J. Pojar. 1998. Illustrated flora of British Columbia. Volume 1. Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae through Asteraceae). British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia.

Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2 edition. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson. 1955-69. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Press, Seattle, Washington.

Lesica, P. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas.

Looman, J. and K. F. Best. 1979. Budd’s flora of the Canadian prairie provinces. No. 1662. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec.

Moss, E. H. 1983. Flora of Alberta. 2nd edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario.

Packer, J. G. and A. J. Gould. 2017. Vascular Plants of Alberta Part 1: , Allies, Gymnosperms, and Monocots. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta .

Province of Alberta. 2016. Weed Control Act, Office Consolidation. Alberta Regulation 19/2010 with amendments up to and including Alberta Regulation 125/2016. Alberta Queen’s Printer, Edmonton, AB. Accessed 2018. www.qp.alberta.ca.

9 List of Species and Illustration Sources Scientific Name Illus. Source Anethum graveolens BC Angelica arguta H&C Angelica dawsonii H&C Key to Illustration Sources Angelica genuflexa H&C B&B = Britton, N. L. and A. Brown (1913) Bupleurum americanum H&C Carum carvi H&C BC = illustrations from the Illustrated Flora of British Columbia (Douglas et. al.), Cicuta bulbifera H&C provided courtesy of the Province of British Cicuta maculata LK Columbia. Cicuta virosa LK H&C = Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. H&C Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson (1955-69) H&C (no VasCan) H&C LK = Linda Kershaw BC Heracleum maximum H&C Heracleum mantegazzianum BC Levisticum officinale B&B Lomatium cous H&C Lomatium multifidum H&C Lomatium foeniculaceum H&C Lomatium macrocarpum H&C Lomatium sandbergii H&C Lomatium simplex H&C Lomatium triternatum H&C Musineon divaricatum H&C Osmorhiza berteroi H&C Osmorhiza depauperata H&C Osmorhiza longistylis B&B Osmorhiza occidentalis H&C Osmorhiza purpurea H&C Pastinaca sativa H&C H&C H&C H&C Sium suave H&C; B&B H&C

10 Index Musineon Anethum divaricatum 5 graveolens 3 Osmorhiza 4, 8 Angelica 4, 6 berteroi 8 arguta 6 chilensis. See Osmorhiza berteroi dawsonii 6 depauperata 8 genuflexa 6 longistylis 8 Apiaceae 3 occidentalis 8 Bupleurum purpurea 8 americanum 3 Pastinaca Carum sativa 4 carvi 5 Perideridia Cicuta 4, 6 gairdneri 3 bulbifera 3, 6 Pimpinella maculata 6 saxifraga 4 virosa 6 Sanicula Conium marilandica 3 maculatum 5 Sium Cymopterus suave 4 acaulis. See Cymopterus glomeratus Umbelliferae. See Apiaceae glomeratus 5 Zizia Daucus aptera 3 carota 5 Eryngium planum 3 Heracleum 3, 6 lanatum. See Heracleum maximum mantegazzianum 6 maximum 6 sphondylium. See Heracleum maximum Levisticum officinale 4 Lomatium 3, 5, 7 cous 7 dissectum var. multifidum. See Lomatium multifidum foeniculaceum 7 macrocarpum 7 multifidum 7 sandbergii 7 simplex 7 triternatum 7 ssp. platycarpum. See Lomatium simplex

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