AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE APIACEAE [UMBELLIFERAE] OF ALBERTA Compiled and written by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen September 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using information primarily from Moss (1983), Hitchcock et. al. (1955-69), Douglas et al. (1998), Lesica 2012, and Gleason and Cronquist (1991). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2019). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which the keys can be improved. The 2018 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SH; SU, according to ACIMS, 2018) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotic species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). APIACEAE [UMBELLIFERAE] Carrot Family Key to Genera 01a Lowest leaves simple, undivided . 02 01b Lowest leaves (and the upper) deeply lobed or divided into leaflets or linear segments . .04 02a Leaves smooth-edged, linear-lance-shaped to oblong . Bupleurum americanum S2 3a 02b Leaves toothed, the lowest ± heart-shaped, 2a the upper commonly deeply lobed or divided into leaflets . 03 03a Plants usually with a bluish tinge; flowers white, in dense round heads with a ring of spiny bracts at the base Eryngium planum X 03b Plants not blue-tinged; flowers bright yellow, in umbrella-shaped clusters with spokes without spiny bracts . .Zizia aptera 04a Leaves with 5-7, toothed leaflets radiating from the base; fruits covered in short, hooked 3b spines/prickles . Sanicula marilandica 4a 04b Leaves pinnately divided or with 3 leaflets or linear segments, toothed or smooth edged; fruits not spiny . .05 05a Leaves with 3 large, 10- to 30(40)-cm-wide leaflets . Heracleum 05b Leaves not as above . .06 5a 06a Smallest leaflets long, slender, thread-like, (1)3-12 cm long . .07 06a Smallest leaflets broader and mostly shorter (<2 cm long) . 10 → 07a Bulblets (→) in upper leaf axils largely replacing flowers . Cicuta bulbifera 07b Bulblets absent . 08 08a Leaves 1X divided; fruits ≈2 mm long, round, → slightly flattened . Perideridia gairdneri 08b Leaves 2-3X divided; fruits 3-6 mm long, oblong, strongly flattened and winged . 09 7a 8a 09a Annual weeds 30-100(150) cm tall, with a distinctive ‘dill’ odor; growing on disturbed ground . Anethum graveolens X 09b Perennial native plants 20-80 cm tall, without a dill-like odor; growing on dry slopes in grasslands . Lomatium (in part) 10a Mature leaves (at least many of them) with well-developed leaflets, not finely divided into small segments . 11 9b 10b Mature leaves finely divided into many small segments, most without well-defined leaflets 18 9a 3 11a Leaves 1X divided . 12 11b Leaves 2-3X divided . 14 12a Native wetland plants, in sloughs and marshes throughout AB (except mountain and dry mixgrass regions), from clusters of spindle- shaped, fibrous roots . Sium suave 12b Weedy exotic plants of disturbed sites, rare garden escapes, from taproots . 13 13a 13a Plants annual or biennial, ± hairless; flowers yellow; fruits strongly flattened and winged, 12a 5-6 mm long; leaflets ≤2X as long as wide, coarsely toothed, lobed . Pastinaca sativa X 13b Plants perennial, shortly woolly hairy (especially on stems and stalks); flowers white; fruits slightly flattened, ribbed, not winged, 2-2.5 mm long; leaflets varying from egg-shaped and sharply toothed below to deeply dissected and much smaller above . X 13b . Pimpinella saxifraga 14a Plants from fibrous or fleshy-thickened, closely clustered roots, growing in wetlands (ponds, marshes, swamps and streams) . 15 14b Plants from taproots or stout stem bases, growing in upland sites (woodlands, disturbed ground, occasionally streambanks) . 16 15a 15a Mature leaves (at least some) 2-3X pinnately divided; side veins of mature leaflets ending in the notches between the teeth; stem bases thick, hollow, with cross-walls; some roots often tuberous-thickened; poisonous . Cicuta 15b Mature leaves 1X divided, but first and 15b submersed leaves often 2-3X finely divided; side veins of mature leaflets ending in the teeth (not in notches); stem bases without cross-walls; roots not tuberous-thickened . Sium suave 16a Fruits ± cylindrical, linear to club-shaped, 8-22 x 2-3 mm, usually bristly-hairy (hairless in Osmorhiza occidentalis) . Osmorhiza 16a 16b Fruits oblong to elliptic, ≤3X as long as wide, hairless . 17 17a Exotic weeds growing in disturbed areas; 17a flowers yellow or greenish yellow; involucral bracts lance-shaped, smooth-edged, bent downwards; fruits somewhat flattened, with moderate wings < the width of the body . Levisticum officinale X 17b Native plants growing in moist woods and stream banks; flowers white or greenish yellow; involucral bracts toothed or absent; fruits strongly flattened, with showy wings mostly ≥ the width of the body . Angelica 17b 4 18a Exotic biennials from taproots, weedy, in disturbed areas . 19 18b Native perennials, with or without taproots, not weedy, in various habitats . 21 19a Stems purple-blotched; plants foul-smelling, very poisonous, 50-200(300) cm tall; in marshy areas . Conium maculatum X 19b Stems not purple-blotched; plants aromatic, 20-120 cm tall; on roadsides, in fields and other upland areas . 20 20a Fruits covered in small, hooked bristles; plants coarsely hairy to ± hairless, with a 19a characteristic carrot odor; main leaflets (first division) stalked; flower clusters with >20 main branches, the outer branches curved upward at maturity; involucral bracts 1-4 cm long, edged with widely-spaced, slender lobes . Daucus carota X 20b Fruits smooth; plants hairless, with a characteristic caraway odor (especially the seeds); main leaflets (first division) stalkless; 20a flower clusters with 7-14 main branches,the outer ones ± straight at maturity; involucral bracts 0-few, tiny . Carum carvi X 21a Leaves and stems hairless; fruits ± cylindrical, wingless, rounded on the back, 3-4 mm long, rough with tiny bumps (tubercles); flowers 20b yellow; flower-cluster stalks hairless but often rough to the touch with tiny bumps and barbs; bractlets at the base of the secondary flower clusters (umbellets) separate, with translucent edges; dry prairie across sAB . Musineon divaricatum 21a 21b Leaves and stems with or without hairs; fruits strongly flattened and winged, >5 mm long, smooth; flowers white, purplish or yellow; flower-cluster stalks smooth; bractlets at the base of the secondary flower clusters separate or fused, with or without translucent edges; various habitats, from alpine tundra to grassland . 22 22a Fruits with 2 broad side wings and 1 or more additional wings on each surface; flowers white in compact clusters with 3-5 short, main 22a branches usually obscured by the flowers; main flower-cluster stalks (peduncles) usually shorter than the leaves; dry prairie in seAB . Cymopterus glomeratus . [Cymopterus acaulis] 22b Fruits with 2 side wings only, the other ribs not winged; flowers yellow (sometimes white or purplish in Lomatium dissectum and Lomatium macrocarpum), in relatively open clusters with 22b visible main branches; main flower-cluster stalks usually longer than the leaves . Lomatium (in part) 5 ANGELICA Angelica 01a Leaves with main stalks and leaflets bent sharply downwards (→); involucral bracts → absent; flowers white or pinkish; moist sites in the Lower Foothills Natural Region, cAB . Angelica genuflexa 01b Main leaf stalks and leaflets not bent sharply downwards; involucral bracts present or absent; flowers white, pinkish or greenish 1a yellow; moist woods and streambanks, mostly 2a s of Crowsnest Pass, swAB . 2 02a Flowers greenish yellow in 1 (rarely 2), 2X-branched, cluster with a conspicuous ring of bracts at the base; involucral bracts lance- shaped, sharply toothed, often as long as the rays (rarely absent); stems rather slender, (15)30-70(100) cm tall . Angelica dawsonii 02b Flowers white or pinkish, in 2-several 2b 2X-branched, umbrella-shaped clusters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - without bracts at the base; stems very stout, 50-150(200) cm tall . Angelica arguta CICUTA Water-hemlock 01a Leaflets linear, ± thread-like; leaf axils usually with small bulblets (→); flowers rare . → Cicuta bulbifera 01b Leaflets lance-shaped; bulblets absent; flowers common . 2 2a 02a Leaflet midveins rough-to-touch (scabrous) with short stiff hairs on the upper surface; leaflets very narrowly lance-shaped, usually <5 → mm wide; vein enclosures of lower leaf-surface elongate-rectangular; fruits ± spherical, wider 1a than long, 1.5-2.2 mm long . Cicuta virosa 02b Leaflet midveins smooth and hairless; leaflets lance-shaped, 10-20 mm wide; vein enclosures of the lower leaf-surface squarish; fruits longer than wide, 2-4 mm long . Cicuta maculata 2b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - HERACLEUM Cowparsnip 01a Flower clusters 10-20 cm wide, with 15-30 main branches (rays), in June-July; plants 1-2(3) m tall; stems ≈2.5 cm wide, green, sometimes purple veined; leaflets 10-20(40) cm long, not shiny, with broad lobes ± radiating from the base; common, on moist sites throughout most of AB . Heracleum maximum . [Heracleum lanatum; H.sphondylium] 1a 01b Flower clusters up to 150 cm wide, with 50-150 main branches, in mid-late August; plants (1.5)3-5 m tall; stems ≈ 5 cm wide, with purple 1b spots, blotches and veins; leaflets shiny, up to 130 cm long, edged with pointed, pinnate lobes; exotic, in moist to wet, disturbed sites, not yet found in AB but anticipated . Heracleum mantegazzianum XXX 6 LOMATIUM Desert-parsley 01a Leaves divided into linear to thread-like segments >1 cm long . 02 01b Leaves finely divided into small segments <1 cm long . 03 02a Fruits broadly elliptic, with wings mostly ≥ the width of the body; smallest leaf segments 2a narrowly linear, relatively few; stems usually leafless . Lomatium simplex [Lomatium. triternatum ssp. platycarpum] 02b Fruits narrowly elliptic, with wings mostly ≤½ the width of the body; smallest leaf segments 2b linear, relatively numerous; stems usually with leaves .