Abstracts Titles Subtheme A. Developing Research Culture
2019/LASURF/A/001 Impact of Research Attitude on Mass Communication Awofadeju, Peter Olayinka and Ewuola, Philip Olubunmi.
2019/LASURF/A/002 Importance of Research to Investigative Journalism Awofadeju, Peter Olayinka.
2019/LASURF/A/003 Research Publications, Repository Challenges and The Dearth of Knowledge for Capacity Building in Selected Nigeria Universities Samuel, O. S. D.; Jawando, J. O., & Odunaike, B. A.
2019/LASURF/A/004 Research Ethics: Prospects and Challenges Olateju, Adijat O. and Danmola, Rasaq Akonji
2019/LASURF/A/005 Funding Research and innovation for National Development in Nigeria: Funds Mobilisation Strategies Ofem, Igot.; Afolaromi, Funmi Bosede and Alabi, A.J.
2019/LASURF/A/006 Sustainable Research Funding and National Development Chinyere Okaneme
2019/LASURF/A/007 Concept of Research Culture and Barriers towards its Development in a Tertiary Institution: Teacher Educators Perceptions. Idowu, Samuel Olayinka Subtheme B. Innovations, Patents and Intellectual Property 2019/LASURF/B/001 Automated Student Attendance Management System for Tertiary Institutions Using Minutiae-Based Fingerprint Matching Algorithm: Case Study of Lagos State University, Nigeria. Akinnuwesi, Boluwaji A. and Ajiboye, Tolulope Oluwaseun.
2019/LASURF/B/002 Online Courseware System for Tertiary institution: Case Study of Lagos State University, Nigeria Akinnuwesi, Boluwaji A. and Sanyaolu, Michael Seyi
2019/LASURF/B/003 A Scoping Study on Advances in Attention-Based Neural Machine Translation. Enikuomehin A.O., Mustapha O.S. and Adesola A.S.
2019/LASURF/B/004 On the link between Science, Technology and Innovation: Evidence from Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises in Osun State. Odu-Onikosi, O.
2019/LASURF/B/005 Production of Pectinase by Aspergillus niger for Extraction of Ben oil from Moringa oleifera Seeds Izokpu, Theresa., Onipede, G.O. and Ajayi, Adesola Adetutu
2019/LASURF/B/006 Software Audit Using Neuro-Fuzzy Model: An Overview Agumagu Olusegun Titus and Akinnuwesi, Boluwaji A.
2019/LASURF/B/007 Photochromism in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using Pawpaw (Carica Papaya) leaves as the Photosensitizers Oladepo A. M., Boyo A. O. and Odubanjo O. F
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Oral Presentation Abstracts Sub-theme A. Developing Research Culture
2019/LASURF/A/001. Impact of Research Attitude on Mass Communication Ewuola Philip Olubunmi,1 Awofadeju Peter Olayinka, 2Adeagbo Sarafadeen Aderemi31,3Department of Mass Communication, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria.2. Department of Mass Communication, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract This paper examines the impact of research attitude of staff of a mass communication organization and their method of news gathering and reportage. Its objectives are to examine the importance of research attitude to mass media news reportage, to examine the impacts that research attitude has on mass communication, determine how research attitude has affected the quality of news reportage by mass media, to examine the inputs of media organizations in encouraging research culture on news materials, and to determine the ways that media organizations ilter speculations from the real and factual news stories. The population chosen for this study is the entire staff members of the Osun State Broadcasting Corporation (OSBC), Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria and the sample size used was 66. Survey method of gathering data was adopted for this study by distributing well-developed questionnaire to elicit responses from the respondents. The indings revealed that research attitude has provided media stations the opportunity to be objective in their news reportage by subjecting news materials to various phases of veri ication to obtain the truth about controversial issues, after which they are reported to the public. Through research and thorough investigation, many cases of corruption in the government, their agencies, and many other large organizations in the country have been exposed; many crimes that had been committed and concealed from public knowledge have also been exposed.
Keywords: Media Organizations, Research, News, Journalism, Mass Communication
2019/LASURF/A/002 Importance of Research to Investigative Journalism Ewuola Philip Olubunmi,1 Awofadeju Peter Olayinka, A2 deagbo Sarafadeen Aderemi3 1,3Department of Mass Communication, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Mass Communication, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract This paper examines the importance of research attitude to investigative journalism and some of the practical issues it faces. Its objectives are to determine the rationale for research attitude in investigative journalism in Nigeria, to examine how investigative journalists are secured and protected from dangers while carrying out research to reveal the truth from the news gathered, to examine the impact that research attitude has on investigative journalism and news reportage by media organizations in Nigeria, to examine the role that research attitude is playing in investigative journalism, democracy, and exposing corruption. It also examined the challenges that are faced by
30 investigative journalists working in Nigeria. The population chosen for this study is entire staff members of Unique FM Radio Station, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria and the sample size used was 44. Survey method of gathering data was adopted for this study by distributing well- developed questionnaire to elicit responses from the respondents. The indings revealed that research attitude provides investigative journalists the opportunity to follow news leads that seem to contain myths, investigate, and unravel the myths so that the public can know the truth. It also prevents investigative journalists from getting into troubles that unveri ied news can cause and ensures that news reports from investigative journalists are credible. Most times, there are threats to their lives from perpetrators of crimes and corrupt practices who do not want to be exposed, although they are expected to do everything within their power to ensure they investigate and expose the hidden truth, notwithstanding, they must always put their safety irst.
Keywords: Research, Investigation, News, Corruption, Journalist, Media Organization
2019/LASURF/A/003 Research Publications, Repository Challenges and the Dearth of Knowledge for Capacity Building in Lagos State University, Ojo. Samuel, O. S., Jawando, J. O. & Odunaike, B. A. Department of Sociology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Objectives: Research publications in universities are carried out on contemporary and developmental issues by academics. The contents are meant to be disseminated to the public, right from the students in the universities to policy makers. Ironically, some of the publications are limited to the authors, who merely have a copy or copies to be presented for promotion. Many University libraries do not have these publications in their repositories that are meant to serve as knowledgebase for the students. The publications do not even get to the policymakers for implementation of the indings for developmental purposes in the various ields. The study examines the perceived reasons for research among academics; ways of disseminating and repository of research indings; availability of publications to readers and policy makers; and assesses the implications of the dearth of knowledge to the growth and development of the nation. Methodology: Using a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative of data collections, this study adopts multi-stage sample techniques involving strati ied, purposive and simple random techniques of respondents in various departments in Lagos State University, Ojo. Results: The results indicate that there have been many outstanding research indings among faculty members. Accesses to the indings are limited as they are domiciled with the researchers; many of the publications are not available to students and fellow researchers for free access. University libraries, government agencies and ministries do not have access for proper dissemination and implementation of the indings. Conclusion and suggestion: The paper suggests positive steps to making publications available to various stakeholders for developmental purposes.
Keywords: Research publications, Repository, Capacity-building, Developmental processes.
31 2019/LASURF/A/004 Research Ethics: Prospects and Challenges Adijat O. Olateju*, Rasaq Akonji Danmola Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Developing a good research ethics is one of the avenues to ensure that a good research work is done so that the issue of bias can be reduced to the barest minimum and possibly eliminated. Research that follows standard ethical procedures will be robust and reliable. Maintaining ethical standards in research is as important as the result that will be generated or obtained from the research work as generalization are often made from most research work. However, ethical standards in research is often ignored in research due to lack of awareness on the part of some researchers. This study used a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and interview of some scholars from the selected higher institutions within Lagos metropolis using strati ied random sampling technique. For the interview, a total of 22 scholars were interviewed from some selected higher institutions in Lagos State. The results from the data collected indicate that majority of the participants that were interviewed were not aware about ethical standards in research and the negative implication of not adhering to the ethics of research on their research work. It is therefore recommended that more awareness should be carried out on the issue of ethics in research among scholars especially in higher institutions. This can be achieved by organizing seminars, workshops, trainings. In addition, students should be exposed to ethics in research at least from secondary schools so that the culture of research ethics can be imbibed when they get to higher institutions.
Keywords: Research Ethics, Awareness, Ethical standards
2019/LASURF/A/005 Funding Research and Innovation for National Development in Nigeria: Funds Mobilisation Strategies 1Igot Ofem (Corresponding Author);2 Funmi Bosede Afolaranmi and 3Alabi, A.J. 1Department of Educational Management; 2 Department of Educational Management; 3Department of Educational Management; Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract A nation's strong research capacity and quality research output is critical for innovation; solving national economic problems as well a major tool for sustainable national development. Despite the establishment of the National Research and Innovation Bill by the Nigerian government to provide inancial support for research and innovation, funding research and innovation programmes remain poor as well as low research productivity across the sectors of the economy for national development priorities. This study, therefore, examined the major sources of research funding, various funding models for research/ innovation and funds mobilisation strategies using secondary data and available national records of research expenditure data from the Government sector, Higher Education Subsector (TETFund), Business sector and Private Non-For-Pro it Organisations. Findings revealed structural inconsistencies between research production stakeholders and development policy implementation, weak coordination.
32 and collaboration between Higher Educational institutions, Research Institutions and industry. Funds mobilisation strategies as well as the development of strategic linkages /partnerships between research production stakeholders and Industry to ensure the availability of suf icient funds for research activities and utilisation of research output for innovation and national developmental priorities were recommended amongst others.
Keywords: Funding, Research and Innovation, National Development, Funds Mobilisation Strategies, Nigeria.
2019/LASURF/A/006 Sustainable Research Funding and National Development Chinyere Okaneme Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract It has become very clear that research is very critical to national developmental process hence, sustainable research funding will no doubt engender such development. Not many researchers have examined the lingering problem of poor research funding and national development in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper examined the effects of sustainable Research Funding on National Development between 1980 and 2017. The study adopted econometrics methodology as the analytical tool using secondary data from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, and National Bureau for Statistics. These time series data were collected between 1980- 2017. The Auto Distributed Lag Model(ARDL)econometric technique was used to estimate the model. Evidence from the study found that Public Recurrent Education Expenditure(PREE) has a short run and long run signi icant effect on National Development(RGDP) Meanwhile, Technical Grant(TG) has a long run signi icant effect on National Development(RGDP).The model was found signi icant in explaining the changes in National development with 59% in the short run model and 98% in the long run. However, Education Expenditure and Public Current Education Expenditure (PCEE) were found to have insigni icant effect on National Development between 1980 and 2017. The paper therefore recommends a statutory increase in the budgetary allocation to the education sector especially on research and development(R&D) since the current budgetary provision of 7.05% is below the 15% to 20% allocation recommended by UNESCO to developing nation's annual budget because of the important role of the sector to the nation's economic growth and development. Government should provide adequate infrastructure in Nigerian tertiary institutions and enabling environment that will engender research and development.
Keywords: Sustainable Research Funding, National Development, Education Expenditure, Nigeria
2019/LASURF/A/007 Concept of Research Culture and Barriers towards its Development in a Tertiary Institution: Teacher Educators Perceptions Samuel Olayinka Idowu Department of Social Studies, Michael Otedola College of Primary Education, Noforija, Epe
33 Abstract Research, for so long, has been an issue of global concern among tertiary institutions due to the belief that research is vital to curriculum implementation reform to promote standards and accountability. Research is the concerted efforts directed to increase knowledge construction and the insight about man and the society with(out) speci ic use for necessary processes to determine the means by which recognized and speci ic societal needs are met. The overall goal of research is development which entails systematic use of the knowledge acquired from research for productive application. Statutorily, tertiary institutions are created to attain the missions of teaching, research and community development, however, research underpins the missions of teaching and community development. Thus, the need to develop research culture that is evidence based in the various tertiary institutions. Research induces methodical knowledge construction in diverse subjects for effective classroom curriculum delivery. Also, it provides scholastic context for knowledge transfer to promote community development. Conversely, there are either less active or absolutely passive research-based institutions and thus unable establish the much-required institutional research culture. In view of this, it is expedient to know why it is dif icult to develop research culture in our tertiary institutions. The objectives of this research are to know the perceptions of teacher educators on the concept of research culture and the possible barriers to developing research culture as well as the way forward to develop research culture. The research will be a case study involving teacher educators in Michael Otedola College of Primary Education. The target population will be thirty teacher educators in the School of Arts and Social Sciences of the above-named institution. A mixed-methods research involving closed questionnaire and focus group discussions will be used for the study.
Keywords: Research culture, Barriers, Teacher educator's perception
Sub-theme B. Innovations, Patents and Intellectual Properties
2019/LASURF/B/001 Automated Student Attendance Management System for Tertiary Institutions using Minutiae-Based Fingerprint Matching Algorithm: Case Study of Lagos State University, Nigeria Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi and Tolulope Oluwaseun Ajiboye Department of Computer Science. Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Students' identity management in tertiary institutions is crucial in controlling access to the resources and services of the institutions such as lectures, tests and examinations, access to library and laboratories and several others. Lecture attendance taking is important because it is scored and used as one of the criteria to qualify students for examination. Moreover, marking attendance and identity veri ication of students at libraries, laboratories and during examination is required to prevent impersonation. Most Nigerian higher institutions traditionally manage attendance and student identity manually by writing and signing on the attendance
34 sheets and this comes with many challenges such as manual collation of attendance sheets, impersonation, data redundancy. The need therefore arises for secured automated approach to student attendance management using computational algorithm. Objective: Research focused on identifying weaknesses of manual approach to attendance management in tertiary institutions and thus proposed a prototype of ingerprint web-based student attendance management software. Method: Literature reviewed were selected from peer-reviewed articles on Google scholar assessing computational methods for attendance management. Minutiae-based ingerprint matching algorithm was adopted. System architecture was designed while the implementation was done using Java, XML and Cloud Services. Result: Attendance management software was produced. The software matches different ingerprint based on the minutiae features found in a ingerprint using 1 to Many matching methods. The software was tested using some life data collected from 25 students of an undergraduate class. Attendance at lecture was taken and managed using the software and the performance is impressive compared with the traditional manual approach to attendance management. Conclusion: This research focused on the development and implementation of student attendance management software. This system is helpful in saving valuable time of lecturers in collating and generating attendance report at required time. It is also useful to verify student identity and capture attendance at libraries and laboratories and hence minimizes impersonation. Suggested result of the system performance evaluation shows good level of ef iciency and accuracy. Automation is one of the key indicators of national development, therefore automating attendance management in private and public organizations will help to minimize impersonation, ensure accuracy and proper time management.
Keywords: Attendance, Student, Fingerprint, Tertiary Institution, Minutiae, University, Identity Management, Software
2019/LASURF/B/002 Online Courseware System for Tertiary Institution: Case Study of Lagos State University, Nigeria Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi and Michael Seyi Sanyaolu Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Lecture delivery in tertiary institutions is crucial, therefore student access to lecturers and course materials is a subject of concern. Employing modern day digital technology for teaching, learning and Lecturer-to-Student (L2S) relationship is not given much priority in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Traditional method of teaching and learning is still embraced in institutions and this comes with some challenges such as manual collation of course materials, lack of cordial relationship between lecturers and students, poor quality of lecture delivery, and lack of access to course materials. This leads to poor students' performance theoretically and practically. Thus, the need arises for online courseware system. Objective: Research focused at developing courseware application with emphasis on course material management and sharing among lecturers and students and also provide discussion forum for Student-to-Student (S2S), Lecturer-to-Lecturer (L2L), and L2S. Method: Literatures reviewed were selected from peer-reviewed articles on Google
35 scholar assessing lecture delivery methods. System architecture was designed while the implementation was done using HTML, java script, PHP, Dream Weaver, and My SQL. Results: Courseware application was produced and tested using some live data. Lecture materials of 5 courses in Computer Science were uploaded in the form text, audio and video. Twenty randomly selected students registered on the courseware portal to test run the software. The feedback received shows that software performed better than the traditional approach to course material management and sharing among students and lecturers. The chat room enhances collaboration and better relationship among students and lecturers. Conclusion: We have been able to use the online courseware system to make teaching and learning easier for students and lecturers. Course materials being uploaded in different formats (video, text and audio) makes it easier for students to learn in whatever method required. Uploading of cumulative assessment scores by the lecturers enables students to know their performance and guides them to prepare for their examination. Results of the system performance evaluation shows good level of ef iciency and accuracy.
Keywords: Online, Courseware, Tertiary Institution, University, Software, Lecturer, Student
2019/LASURF/B/003 A Scoping Study on Advances in Attention Based Neural Machine Translation Enikuomehin A.O., Mustapha O.S., Adesola A.S. Department of Computer Science,Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract Introduction: Neural Machine Translation is one of the emerging approaches to machine translation (MT) that has led to remarkable improvement in the development of many devices including mobile phone, robotics among others. An attention mechanism has recently been used to enhance Neural Machine Translation (NMT) by selectively concentrating on parts of the source sentence during translation. Aim: The aim of this paper is to carry out a scoping study in the advances of attention based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) as a relation to the challenges associated with long phrase- based Translations. Methods: We carried out a scoping review using the PRISMA-SCR framework. We conducted a search in 12 bibliographic databases and 12 research repositories and some other literature to identify the scoping reports related to this study. We completed the study by engaging three reviewers to blindly carry out a review elimination of non-relevant studies. Results: We found 455 scoping reviews and reports published between 2004 and 2017. These reviews are considered relevant to the study. We identi ied sharp divergence in terms of literature consulted and methodology used in the published reports. 82.7% of the materials consulted reported issues that addressed data parallelism which can be usedto ef iciently train state-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence NMT mode, for instance in translating names and handling long sentences. 68% of the materials re-used the encoder decoder scheme. Though, about 14% reports that the scheme is sometimes unstable. The study was completed over a period of 5 months with about 43% utilization of published methodology. Conclusion: With the increase in research indings published across many media on NMT including the recent inclusion in the area of gender bias in NMT, scoping reviews
36 have become a useful tool for effective summarization of research updates on several domains. Scoping studies carried out shows that the long sentences and short sentences cannot be translated using the same scheme as most highly effective scheme in short sentences have performed poorly in long sentences. The study has helped us to determine the state of research in the processes of NMT ther eby showing that there are many contradicting reportson the best models for attention based NMT but encoder-decoder seems to be more ef icient, effective and accurate (though in short sentences) compared to other models
Keywords: Scooping review, neural machine translation, encoder decoder scheme.
2019/LASURF/B/004 On the Link between Science, Technology and Innovation: Evidence from Micro and Small-scale Enterprises in Osun State O. Odu-Onikosi Independent Researcher and Graduate Student, African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation, Obafemi Awolowo University E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract That science and technology and by implications, innovation have co-evolved into an indivisible trio. Science is de ined as a systematic body of knowledge of facts and truth, and technology as a collection of techniques to solve human problems. One can infer that innovation is key for social and economic growth and development through massive development and usage of new products, service and processes. Companies whether small, medium or large; and countries - developed, developing and undeveloped cannot survive without continuous innovation, let alone catch up and lead in this time of globalized, networked economy. Technology, sadly, has come to be known as the dependent partner in the whole set-up. Conventional wisdom dictates that it is science that informs technology. Several authors and texts have contributed to this misconception de ining technology - as the application of scienti ic knowledge. This paper therefore discusses the need to rethink the interactions between science, technology and innovation in the face of economic development. The study showed that majority of micro and small-scale Enterprises in Ife East, Central and North of Osun State do not conduct some form of formal research and development to be innovative. Their innovative ideas mostly stem from interactions and learning from different actors, including customers and suppliers. Recommendations were made on how to rethink the place of technology and accord it a prime of place in the whole set- up.
Keywords: Science, Technology, Innovation, Research & Development, Technology Upgrading and Economic Development
2019/LASURF/B/005 Production of Pectinase by Aspergillus niger for Extraction of Ben oil from Moringa oleifera Seeds Izokpu, Theresa, Onipede, G.O. and* Ajayi, Adesola Adetutu Department of Biological Sciences, Augustine University, Ilara Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Introduction: The annual cost of importing industrial enzymes for a wide range of processes is alarming. This research presents an application of microbial enzyme which
37 can be exploited for industrial uses to reduce the cost of importation if local production of microbial enzyme is cost effective. Orange fruits can be processed into products such as juices, nectars, concentrates, jams, jelly powders and lakes amongst others. During this process, wastes are generated. The peels of oranges generated as agricultural wastes can be turned to wealth as in the extraction of pectin which is a substrate for pectinase production. Pectinases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of pectin. Pectinases have important uses in oil extraction from seeds. Objectives: This study was therefore carried out to produce pectinase from Aspergillus niger under submerged fermentation for the extraction of Ben oil from Moringa oleifera seeds using pectin obtained from orange peels as substrate. Methodology: Pectinase was produced using a disc with a cork borer (10mm) of a 96-h-old culture of Aspergillus niger inoculated into a 100ml basal medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) laboratory pectin and Experimental pectin from orange peels separately. The medium was incubated at 25Co for eight days. The spores were separated to obtain the crude enzyme. Results: Pectin extraction yield was 6.94% at pH 2.2, 100Co for 30min. Optimum conditions for temperature, pH and substrate concentration for pectinase activity were ascertained at 40C,o 5.0 and 1% respectively and the enzyme lost all its activity within 30minites of heating at 70Co for both laboratory and experimental pectin. Extraction of Ben oil from Moringa oleifera with experimental pectinase, laboratory pectinase and water had a percentage oil yield of 43.3%, 46.7% and 26.7% respectively. Previous researchers have reported pectinase for extraction of oil seeds but with varying percentage oil yield. Conclusion: This research established the production of pectinase obtained from Aspergillus niger using pectin from orange peels as substrate and the study revealed its effectiveness for extraction of Ben oil from Moringa oleifera seeds.
Keywords: Pectinase; Pectin; Aspergillus niger; Enzyme activity; Enzymatic-oil-extract
2019/LASURF/B/006 Software Audit Using Neuro-Fuzzy Model: An Overview Agumagu Olusegun Titus and Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi Department of Computer Science. Faculty of Science Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Good quality software product is an organization's top priority and full attention is given while designing, testing, implementing and usage of a software product. Despite this some software still lack compliance with norms, guidelines, requirements, and other de ined criteria. Huge expense is often expended on software to ensure that it performs to expectation. The need to improve the visibility of the software and to create its traceability throughout its life cycle is essential in this regard. Thus, a software audit (SA) is required to ensuring that this is achieved always. The quality of SA can be aided with the use of machine learning technique to avail a reliable state of the software status. Failure to embark on SA could result in the following but not limited to: user dissatisfaction, low productivity and fatal system breakdown. Objective: This study aimed at reviewing various computational techniques used for software auditing with a view to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Our objective is to identify the combination of techniques that could be used to develop a robust software auditing model in Nigerian context with better performance over existing SA models.
38 Method: Literature reviewed were selected from Google scholar using PRISMA algorithm on assessing computational methods for software auditing. The peer-reviewed articles were summarised based on computational approaches and location of research. Search terms include software, audit, neural network, fuzzy logic, machine learning. Exclusions were based on accounting, data mining, hardware. Result: Our results shows that there are no SA models developed in the Nigerian context and that existing SA models have limited performance in terms of reliability, accuracy, and ef iciency. Thus, we found out that NF based model for SA will perform better using SA variables peculiar in Nigerian context. Conclusion: Our indings suggested that software viability needs to be ascertained from time to time especially in Nigeria where it is rarely practiced. Thus, hybridization of fuzzy logic and neural network techniques is suggested to guarantee accurate and reliable software auditing. Our future work will focus on the development and implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy model for software auditing.
Keywords: Software, Audit, Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic, Machine Learning, Nigerian context
2019/LASURF/B/007 Photochromism in Dye Sensitized Solar cell using Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaves as the Photosensitizers 1Oladepo A. M.,2 Boyo A. O.,3 Odubanjo O. F 1, 2 Department of Physics Lagos state university, Ojo, 3Department of physics, Federal College of the Education, Akoka Lagos E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Climate change is one of the major environmental problems that affect our society, tons of greenhouses gases are released into the atmosphere and there is a tendency to increase because of uncontrolled use of fossil resource in energy generation. This work therefore is using photochromic molecules that undergo light inducing isomerization called photoisomerization a reversible process to produce devices which can be used as 'smart' window shade that tints, collects the sun's energy, and blocks sunlight when it shines on it and is completely transparent at night. To achieve this, the fabrication, characterization and evaluation of color changing dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered which include molecules found in leaf of the pawpaw using both cold and hot extraction methods with three different mordants to fasten the colours. The photophysical content of the leaf was observed in various solvents and pH conditions using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their behavior on TiO 2 photoanode surfaces using acombination of UV-Vis, SEM and XDR. Their performance as sensitizing dyes for DSSCs was also analyzed. A qualitative screening was carried out to detect the presence of phytochemicals which reveals the presence of some constituents such as lavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, carbohydrates, volatile oils, tannins, saponins and steroids. The mordanting technique was found to in luence the results of the intensity of light and ef iciency of the dye sensitized solar cells. The results show that the ef iciency of hot extractions is 0.13%, 1.22% and 1.88% for the three mordants and 0.99%, 1.05% and 5.64% for the cold extractions. The photochromic abilities of these manufactured cells were investigated when exposed to sunlight.Our indings indicated suitability of the studied plants for growing environmentally friendly dye compounds that have ability to change colour when exposed to sunlight.
Key words: Photochromism, DSSC, Carica Papaya smart material
39 2019/LASURF/B/008 Audit of Technology Transfer Practices in Nigerian Universities: Implications for Policy 1O. Odu-Onikosi, 2B. O Oluwale and.3 M. O. Ilori 1Graduate Student, 2Associate Professor, African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation 3Professor of Technology Management& Director, Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Obafemi Awolowo University. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Nigeria's Ministry of Science and Technology in her bid to promote the commercialization and transfer of research outputs from Nigeria's tertiary education sector has established the National Of ice for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP). NOTAP since its founding have continued to play a pivotal role in technology transfer in Nigeria. At present, NOTAP has helped to facilitate the establishment of forty-three Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer Of ices (IPTTOs) in Nigeria. Nigeria is one the countries way behind in terms of how fast the knowledge generated is transmitted to economically and socially bene icial products and processes. This paper draws upon in-depth interviews with technology transfer of ices and faculty at six Nigerian universities. Institutional and governmental policies to promote technology transfer are discussed and factors in luencing technology transfer are identi ied.
Keywords: Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, Research, Commercialization, Research and Development, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)
2019/LASURF/B/009 Legal Framework for Harnessing Intellectual Capital Research Output in Nigerian Universities for Economic Development. Kareem A. Olatoye Department of Private and Public Law, Faculty of Law Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Objective: Universities are the centres of research and consequently are the drivers of innovations that are capable of driving economic development. The outputs of these research and innovations, could be a veritable tool for economic development if consciously and ef iciently harnessed. Developed nations have leveraged on the research outputs and innovations from the ivory towers to trigger growth in their economies. The problem in Nigeria, however, is that the huge intellectual research outputs coming out of Nigerian universities have not been ef iciently managed and harnessed for economic growth. This research seeks to highlight the intellectual property products coming out of Nigerian universities and how they could be harnessed and bene its maximised for both the researchers/innovators and the economy. Methods: The researcher adopts the doctrinal research methodology by examining literature and laws. The legal comparative research method is also adopted to examine what is obtainable in other jurisdictions with a view to charting the appropriate course for Nigeria. Results: This research found preliminarily that at the root of this problem is the low level of intellectual capital management in Nigerian Universities. Lack of knowledge of the legal rights and protections afforded by the law on the part of the researchers and innovators themselves. Lack of synergy between the town and gown.
40 Conclusion: This paper concludes by submitting that even though the law in Nigeria protects Universities' intellectual property owners, it does not currently have a framework that can effectively bring about the synergy between the town and gown to ensure effective utilisation of University research outputs for pro itability for, the industries, the innovators and for economic development and therefore calls for reforms. Key Words: Legal Framework, Intellectual Capital, Innovation, University, Economic Development.
2019/LASURF/B/010 Use of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) for Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sea Water Oyedeko, K.F.K., Omidiji, M.O., Akinyemi, O.P,. Adeshina, A.A Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lagos State University E-mail:kamilu.oyedeko@lasu. edu.ng
Abstract Vernoniaamygdalina (Bitter leaf) has been discovered to be a good corrosion inhibitor to steel material. However, steel is highly prone to corrosion when exposed to seawater. The nature and veracity of steel corrosion is often dependent on the pH of the corrosive medium and the corrosion process. Using chemical process to inhibit corrosion has been discovered to cause surface damages. Therefore, it is important to use natural product of plant origin such as bitter leaf as an anti-corrosive agent since it is environmentally acceptable, nontoxic, inexpensive and readily available. This work is aimed at examining the use of Vernoniaamygdalina (bitter leaf) for corrosion inhibition of steel in sea water and focused on a single metal species, mild steel. This study was carried out in Lagos, and experiment method was used to derive the output. Steel samples were prepared, one was dipped inside a container without inhibitor (control) and others into seawater mixed with inhibitors (Vernoniaamygdalina extract) at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50%) for 30 days. The weight of the metals was taken at 24 hours interval, the pH of the solution was also taken and recorded at 24 hours interval. The weight loss was used to calculate the value of corrosion rate and inhibition ef iciency. The results obtained from the corrosion rate and inhibitor ef iciency calculations shows that Vernoniaamygdalina has good corrosion inhibitor ability on steel. The best result of inhibitor ef iciency was provided by the extract at 50% concentration with ef iciency at 93.37%. The study recommended that steel and gas industries should speci ically identify non-corrosive materials and good corrosion inhibitors as part of their corporate objectives. This is a key area where major successful development gains can be achieved across a range of policies.
Keywords: Green corrosion Inhibitor, Bitter leaf extract, Environmental, Weight loss, Seawater, Mild steel.
2019/LASURF/B/011 Radio Resource Allocation Algorithm for New Radio Based Ultra Dense Networks Adedoyin M. A., Shoewu O. Ogunlewe A. O. and Makanjuola N. T. Faculty of Engineering, Lagos State University Abstract The new radio (NR) technology is a new air interface, which has been designed by the
41 third-generation partnership project (3GPP) to support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). Also, there will be ultra-dense deployment of small cells in the coverage area of macrocells known as ultra-dense networks (UDNs) to address the astonishing capacity requirements of the ifth generation (5G) wireless networks due to unprecedented future traf ic. However, the UDNs introduce new technical challenges such as severe interference, signi icant increase in energy consumption, unfairness in radio resource sharing, and degraded quality-of-service (QoS). Hence, in this paper, we design a radio resource allocation algorithm based on NR technology to overcome these technical challenges and achieve the performance requirements in 5G. The designed radio resource allocation problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem and the performance of the designed algorithm is evaluated using MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm reduces interference and energy consumption, ensures fairness and improves QoS of the overall networks with very low computational complexity when compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Keywords: Networks, Wireless networks, New radio technology, Fifth generation, Algorithms
2019/LASURF/B/012 Production of Bioethanol from Brewer Spent Grain Biomass using Saccharomycescarlsbergensis by Submerge Fermentation Oluwatobiloba George, Clement Ogidi and Olu Malomo. Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, King University, PMB 555, Odeomu, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG), a by-product of the brewing process is renewable resources for many biotechnological applications. BSG is a lignocellulose-rich biomass that serve as a substrate for bioethanol production. In this study, pre-treated BSG was used as a main substrate for the bioethanol production. Saccharomycescarlsbergensis involved in this study was isolated from spent yeast using standard microbiological methods. Sacchari ication and fermentation studies were performed for the production of bioethanol, the sterilized fermentor was loaded with 50 g/L of BSG at temperature of 29±2Co and agitation seed of 180 rpm. The pH was adjusted to 6.0 before addition of 500 mL of yeast culture for 7 days under submerge optimized conditions. The aeration and pH were kept stable during fermentation. The fermented product was concentrated using rotary evaporator at 66±1C o and ethanol was qualitatively determined by dichromate method. The bioethanol yield was 22% with speci ic gravity of 0.8 at 28C.o The functional groups in bioethanol was revealed by Fourier-Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as CH, 3OH and CH. Hence,2 fermentation technology of agro- industrial wastes can be adopted in converting waste biomass to useful resources by microorganisms.
Keywords: Bioethanol, Brewer's Spent Grain, Fermentation, Renewable resources
42 Sub-theme C. Cutting-Edge Health Technologies
2019/LASURF/C/001 Protective effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina and Alpha Tocopherol on Nitrobenzene-Induced Oxidative Testicular Damage and Endocrine Disruption in Rats 1*Oladele J.O., 1Oyeleke O.M., 1Babatope F., Olani1 yan M. and Akindolie1 B. 1Biochemistry unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract Objective: Infertility is a global health burden which affect more than 15% of couples. An impaired hormonal balance, oxidative stress and alteration in the physiological function of the reproductive organ are factors leading to infertility. The present study investigated the protective role of methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MLVA) against Nitrobenzene-induced oxidative testicular damage and hormonal imbalance in rats. Methods: Thirty sexually active male wistar rats were sorted into ive groups containing six rats each. Group I received distilled water while 100mg/kg bw of nitrobenzene was administered to groups (II, III, IV and V) to induced testicular damage and hormonal imbalance. Group III and IV were treated with oral administration of 200mg/kg bw and 400mg/kg bw of MLVA respectively and group V with vitamin E for 14 days. Results: Nitrobenzene-treated rats showed (P < 0.05) decrease in the body weight gain, testis and epididymis weights. However, upon administration of Vernonia amygdalina or vitamin E, these changes were signi icantly reversed in nitrobenzene-treated rats. Also, Nitrobenzene signi icantly (P˂0.05) induced hormonal disruption as shown by decreased activities level of serum TSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Nitrobenzene treatment also induced oxidative damage as shown by increased level of testicular lipid peroxidation
(MDA), hydrogen peroxide generation (HO),2 2 myeloperoxidase (MPO); decreased levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Histological studies of the testes revealed mild congestion of interstitial vessels and oedema in rats administered Nitrobenzene only. Conclusion: Taken together, Vernonia amygdalina abrogated the adverse effects of Nitrobenzene on the antioxidant enzymes, markers of testicular oxidative damage, endocrine and testicular structure in rats.
Key words: Testicular damage, Hormonal imbalance, Oxidative stress, Nitrobenzene, Vernonia amygdalina
2019/LASURF/C/002 Analysis of Paediatric Orofacial Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions Seen at a Tertiary Centre in Sub-Saharan Africa. Adeola Ladeji,1 Kehinde Adebiyi, Mof1 oluwaso Olajide,Adaor1 a Aforka, 1 Olufemi Adesina,2 Ismail Abayomi,1 Olasunkanmi Kuye 2 1Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department2 of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Objectives: To assess the age, gender, site distribution and histopathologic types of paediatric orofacial tumours and tumour-like (PDOTT) lesions diagnosed at the Oral
43 Pathology unit of the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine over a 5year period. Methodology: A retrospective review of patients' case notes, biopsy reports and histopathology slides of diagnosed cases of orofacial tumours and tumour-like lesions seen between January 2013 and September 2018 was done. Lesions seen within the paediatric age group (0-16years) were selected and grouped into 9 categories (Odontogenic tumours (OT), reactive localised oral mucosa hyperplasias (RLOH), developmental lesions (DL), ibro- osseous lesions (FO), benign connective tissue tumours (BCTT), salivary gland tumours (SGT), lymphomas, carcinomas and sarcomas. Age, gender, site distribution and histopathological type of tumour were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Result: PDOTTs constituted 16.6% (93 cases) of the 560 tumors and tumor-like lesions seen in all age groups. Reactive localized oral mucosa hyperplasias were the most prevalent, accounting for 28% (26 cases) of all PDOTTs, followed by odontogenic tumors (26%). Of all tumors, benign tumors were more common making up 78.6% of all pediatric tumors. Female predilection was observed accounting for 58.1% (54 cases), 41.9% (39 cases) were seen in males. Mandible was the most commonly affected site accounting for 25 cases. Lesions were seen between patients within the age range of 0.6 to 16 years, with a mean age of 10 years. The peak age of occurrence was found within the 6 to 13 years group (mixed dentition stage) which accounts for 52.7% (49 cases). Conclusion:Only 16.6% of Orofacial tumours and tumour-like lesions occurred in the paediatric age group. RLOHs were the most prevalent lesions, closely followed by OTs. PDOTTs had a female predilection and are commonly seen in the mandible. Incidence of PDOTTs was highest in the mixed dentition (6-13 years) age group.
Key words: Orofacial, Tumors, Children, Retrospective, Prevalence
2019/LASURF/C/003 Assessing Utilization and Unmet Need of HIV Intervention Services in Lagos Nigeria: A Qualitative Pilot Survey Kikelomo O. Wright 1,2, David Dairo, 3Babatunde A. Odugbemi, T1emitope Durojaiye,2 Funmilade Adepoju, Bisola2 Adebayo, Yeside1 Shogbamimu, 4 Olumuyiwa Odusanya1,2, Olajide Idris4 1 Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 2 Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital 3 Department of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan 4 Lagos State Ministry of Health E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Objectives: The burden of Human Immunode iciency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno-De iciency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a challenge despite various interventions in Lagos which has attained a mega-city status. The Lagos State AIDS Indicator Survey (LAGAIS) project aimed to characterize the HIV epidemic, assess utilization and unmet need of HIV intervention services for planning, monitoring and control of HIV response in Lagos Nigeria. Methods: The project commenced with a pilot study, conducted in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state. This involved collection of qualitative data. One focus group discussion (FGD) and three In-depth Interviews (IDIs) were conducted using FGD and IDI guides respectively in each of the three LGAs. Interview notes were transcribed, and analysis done using NVIVO software. Ethical approval was obtained
44 from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) Health Research Ethics Committee. Results: A high level of awareness was observed among the participants and risk factors were fairly well-known. However, risk perception was varied with some members of the community refusing to believe that HIV is real. Participants utilize a diverse range of health care services ranging from laboratory facilities, private and government health facilities to traditional healers. Stigma is still high on account of the perceived transmissibility of HIV while knowledge about Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) was also not quite clear for most participants. The availability of testing and treatment centres was not well known to a number of the respondents. Conclusion: There is need for the Lagos State government to leverage on all existing health facilities in the state for the provision of HIV testing services whilst utilizing social media platforms to disseminate information on HIV prevention and treatment services available in the state. This may also improve con idence of Lagosians on the health systems.
Keywords :HIV – AIDS, Lagos State, Health Facilities
2019/LASURF/C/004 Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, Resilience and Self-Esteem among Prosthodontic Patients in Lagos, South Western Nigeria 1 Adenuga-Taiwo OA, 2Coker AO 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, 2Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depressions, self- esteem and resilience among Nigerian patients with tooth missing and its replacement with dentureand assess the associations and correlations between the psychological variables and socio-demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: A total number of 207 patients attending the prosthodontic clinic of the restorative Dentistry Department of the Dental centre at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria were randomly selected and asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Resilience Scale and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Their associations were analysed and reported. Results: The psychometric instruments indicated that probable anxiety and depression were present in 11.0% and 14.0% of the participants respectively. The associations between sex, education and marital status were not statistically signi icant. The mean indings for the resilience scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were 23.63 and 3.80 respectively. The more resilient participants did not experience probable anxiety and depression symptoms (p < 0.009; p < 0,001). Participants with high self-esteem did not present with probable depression (p< 0.012). The female participants presented higher resilience (51%) and self-esteem (50%) compared to their male counterparts. Conclusions: Prosthodontic patients also experience symptoms of anxiety and depression and were also less resilient but experienced relatively high self-esteem. Therefore, patients attending the prosthodontic clinic should be screened for psychopathology and those with high emotional distress should be referred for psychological interventions.
Key words: Anxiety, Depression, Resilience, Self-esteem, Patients
45 2019/LASURF/C/005 Assessment of Health-related Quality of Life among Adults diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Lagos State, Nigeria, 2017 Adebayo B. I.1, &, Odusanya O. O1., Kuyinu Y. A.1 1Department of Community health and Primary health care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Background: In 2015, there were 586,000 incident cases of tuberculosis in Nigeria. Beyond physical illness, tuberculosis affects social, mental, emotional and functional well-being of patients. Patient-reported outcomes contribute to better understanding of burden associated with tuberculosis. We assessed health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of life in adult patients in the irst month of directly observed therapy (DOTS). Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study in three local government areas in Lagos State. We consecutively recruited 210 case-patients from DOTS facilities, and they were matched by sex and age-group with 285 controls from communities served by the TB- DOTS centres. We measured HRQOL using the World Health Organization Quality of life tool (WHOQOL-BREF). We used independent T-test to compare HRQOL scores between patients and controls. Associations of HRQOL were identi ied using logistic regression analyses. Results: Both groups were similar with respect to education, household size and income. TB patients were more likely unemployed (OR=4.79, [95% CI=2.88-7.56]). Mean HRQOL scores were impaired in patients compared with controls across all domains (environmental: 45.27±14.59 vs. 68.24±14.72; psychological: 47.06±16.89 vs 75.60±12.63; physical: 47.07±16.55 vs. 79.32±14.11; social 50.98±17.37 vs. 77.95 ± 16.29, [p< 0.001]). TB-HIV co- infection was associated with signi icantly lower mean HRQOL scores in the psychological (p=0.013) and social domains (p=0.008). In multivariate analysis, delay in presentation and being unemployed was signi icantly associated poor HRQOL. Conclusion: Tuberculosis was associated with HRQOL impairment as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF. Coinfection with HIV and unemployment negatively impact HRQOL in patients with TB. Tuberculosis control programs should consider HRQOL as an adjunct outcome measure and should give attention to psycho-social services for patients with HIV co- infection.
Key words: Health-related quality of life, Tuberculosis, Lagos State
2019/LASURF/C/006 Comparative Ki67 Immunohistochemistry of Selected Salivary Gland Tumours Adeola Ladejia, b, Kehinde Adebiyia, b, Akinwumi Komolafe,c Olujide Soyele, a Olufunlola Adesina.a aDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. bDepartment of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria. cDepartment of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
46 Abstract Background: Proteins involved in the cell cycle play signi icant roles in various biologic events, such as, tumor formation and progression. Measuring their level of activity can be used to evaluate proliferation, grade tumours and determine prognosis in tumor biology. Ki67 is a cell cycle protein whose presence in the active phases of the cell cycle makes it an effective marker of the cell growing fraction of tumors. Salivary gland tumors are a group of neoplasms whose clinic-pathologic features are still very unclear due to their relative rarity and complex nature. Ki67 immunohistochemistry of selected salivary gland tumors will help to determine the rate of growth and predict aggressiveness of these tumors and their subtypes. This will help to better characterize selected salivary gland tumours which will in turn go a long way in patient management. Objectives: To determine and compare the activities of Ki67 among selected benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. Methodology: Formalin ixed, paraf in embedded tissue blocks of 8 basal cell adenoma (BCA), 24 pleomorphic adenoma (PA), seven mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), six adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and two carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-Ex-PA) were selected from the oral pathology laboratory of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Obafemi Awolowo university, Ile-Ife Nigeria. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of sections was done to con irm diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry of selected tumours was done using monoclonal ki67 antibody. Scores were graded as; negative reactivity (<10%), weakly positive reaction (10-25%), moderately positive reaction (26-50%), strongly positive reaction (51-75%) and very strongly positive reaction (>75%). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: Comparison of mean LI (labeling index) within selected salivary gland tumour types revealed a statistically signi icant difference in the tumour types, highest indices observed was with malignancies. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma had the highest index of 78.5±12.12 within all malignancies followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma with 64.0±12.1. Within the individual tumour subtypes, high grade MEC, cribriform AdCC, classic PA and trabecular BCA subtypes had highest mean LI of 52.8±2.1, 67.0±10.8, 25.0±0.1 and 35.0±0.0 respectively Conclusion: Ki67 is a marker of proliferation which when fully employed can be used to differentiate between salivary gland tumours with similar cell types, grades, predict biologic behavior and determine prognosis of tumour types and subtypes. This knowledge will go a long way in proffering the best treatment options for individual salivary gland tumours.
Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Ki67, Salivary gland tumours.
2019/LASURF/C/007 Epidemiological Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Children Treated for Tuberculosis in a Nigerian Tertiary Facility Kuyinu YA&1,2 Adebayo BI,1 Abdurraheem-Salami I, 2Odugbemi BA, F1adeyi B,2 Akinyemi O,2 Diya G, 2Owolabi A, 2Odusanya OO 1,2 1.Department of Community Health and Primary Healthcare, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Nigeria 2.Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, with the country being one of thirty high-burden countries for TB, MDR-TB and TB-HIV.
47 Childhood infections represent about 6% of the total global burden of TB. Although children do not contribute signi icantly to disease transmission, childhood tuberculosis is a pointer of recent transmission in the community. Aims/Objectives:We described epidemiological characteristics of children treated for tuberculosis and assessed treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective record review of all children below 15 years, enrolled on the DOTS program between January 2016 and December, 2018. We analysed socio-demographic data as well as clinical characteristics. Treatment outcomes were assessed based on guidelines set by the World Health Organization. A favourable outcome was de ined as completion of prescribed treatment for six months; or cure, while unfavourable outcomes were patients who died or were transferred out or lost to follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of poor treatment outcomes. Results: Among 424 TB patients enrolled on DOTS, 67 (15.8%) were children. Majority were male (56.1%) and belonged to the age group of 6-14 years (46.3%). Prevalence of TB/HIV co- infection was 32%. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (52.2%), fever (46.3%) and weight loss (41.8%). Majority had pulmonary tuberculosis (83.6%) but only 25 (37.3%) had bacteriologically con irmed TB. About 72% had successful treatment outcomes but 17.9% were lost to follow-up. Overall mortality rate was 6%. Patients with HIV had twice the mortality rate of those that were HIV-negative. However, treatment success was not signi icantly associated with HIV status, gender or treatment regimen. Conclusions and Recommendations: Treatment success rates were lower than national estimates and the World Health Organization target of 85%. There is a need to intensify efforts targeted at improving case noti ication and treatment outcomes in children.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Children, Treatment outcome, Retrospective record review
2019/LASURF/C/008 Genotype – Phenotype Evaluation of Skeletal and Dentofacial Deformity in a Nigerian Adult Population Yemitan T.A,1 Isiekwe G.I2 1 Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos. 2 Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate genetic associations between craniofacial candidate genes and skeletal variation in a prospective cohort with malocclusion. This aims to discover phenotypes that could best capture the phenotypic variation present in a large adult Nigerian skeletal Class I, II and III sample using multivariate reduction methods; investigate whether identi ied phenotypes would replicate those of previous studies, provide meaningful explanation about additional phenotypic variation in our sample, investigate age and gender effects, provide phenotypic classi ication for each individual in our sample, and phenotype- genotype correlations. Methods: The study sample will include untreated adult Class I, II, and III patients of Nigerian origin who seek treatment at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital and Lagos University Teaching Hospital Dental Clinics. The sample will include 100 Skeletal Class I, 100 Skeletal Class II, and 100 Skeletal Class III healthy post-pubertal Nigerians. Phenotyping using two-dimensional pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of
48 selected sample will be done using software cephalometric analysis. Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis will be done to capture the most signi icant components of skeletal variation and identify the most homogeneous groups of individuals representing distinct Class I, II and III phenotypes. All analyses will use SPSS for Windows with a 0.05 level of signi icance. Genotyping by extracting genomic DNA from saliva samples will be done and Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selected. Genotype-Phenotype correlations will assess the potential association between candidate single nucleotide proteins (SNPs) and the most informative principal components of skeletal variation derived. The type of skeletal malocclusion will be modeled using multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the association between SNPs and risk of skeletal malocclusion (class II or III) relative to class I as the reference category. Contribution to Knowledge and National Development: This study will provide an initial characterization of skeletal and dento-alveolar phenotypes and constitutes the irst candidate gene analyses of skeletal phenotypes among Nigerians with malocclusion. The outcome of this study will assist in the development of a more sophisticated classi ication system for malocclusion and a better understanding of the genetic aetiology of malocclusion. The awareness of the genetic expression of the dentofacial malocclusion may help to segregate the inherited malocclusions from those due to the effect of environmental factors and help the diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of malocclusion in subsequent generations.
Keywords: Craniofacial genes, Skeletal variation, Malocclusion.
2019/LASURF/C/009 Prevalence and Spectrums of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases in Lagos Hospital Community: An Under-Reported Non-Communicable Diseases in Africa. Olaosebikan, H1 and Bamiro, S.2 1Department of Medicine, 2.Department of Physiology, Lagos State University, Ikeja.
Abstract Background: Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases(RMDs) previously known as the musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases are major cause of chronic pain and functional disability. While there are few hospital-based reports of RMDs and its individual conditions in Nigeria, community data of these conditions are even rarer. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and spectrums of RMDs and factors associated with MSK pain. Material/Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of staff and patient's relatives of Lagos tertiary hospital. We prospectively collected data on 327 respondents via pre-tested interviewer-basedquestionnaire and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI). Clinical information and laboratory tests were documented in our charts. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using statistical package for social sciences version 21. Results: The total number of 268 respondents completed the study(female-176(65.7%) and male-92(34.3%). The mean age was 57.3}12.4 years and ranged between 20 and 78years. The majority of the respondents were middle aged (n-140, 52.2%), civil servants (n-110, 41%) and had tertiary educations (n-108, 40.3%). RMDs and MSKpain (current/past) were diagnosed in 59 (22%) and 162(60.4%) of all respondents respectively. Most respondents with RMDs were female (n-38, 64%) and middle aged(n- 31, 52.5%). Osteoarthritis (n-15, 25.5%), limited joint mobility (n-11, 18.6%),
49 lumbosacral spondylosis (n-6, 10.1%) DeQuervain's tendinitis (n-6, 10.1%), carpaltunnel syndrome (n-5, 8.4%) and inger tenosynovitis (n-5, 5.4%) were the mostfrequent RMDs in descending order. The median HAQ-DI was 0.8(IQR 0.1-1.8) withsigni icant disability (HAQ- DI≥1) in 57.5% of the subjects with RMDs.Respondents with MSK pain had higher proportions of obesity (n-89, 54.9%, p-0.016), family history of arthritis (n-93, 57.4%,p- 0.001), abdominal obesity (n-97,60%,p-0.002), hypertension (n-102, 63%,p-0.001), elevated acute phase reactants(n-57, 35.2%,p-0.003) and hyperuricemia(n-61, 37.6%,p-0.001) than respondentswithout MSK pain with no signi icant predictors of MSK pain documented aftermultivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: RMDs and MSK pain are common and are major cause of functional disability.
Keywords: Prevalence, Spectrums, Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases,
2019/LASURF/C/010 Stroke Health Education in children and the impact on parental stroke literacy in Nigeria – a “ROLL BACK STROKE” strategy Shamsideen Abayomi Ogun, Babajide Haroun Ogun, Aminat Omowunmi Ogun, Olajumoke Oshinaike, Yinka Adeniran, Omolola Mariam Lamina Alaya, Arabambi Babawale.
Abstract Preamble: Stroke is a leading cause of preventable-deaths and acquired-disability, and there is need for national/global-efforts to “Roll-Back-Stroke” (RBS). Interventions to improve community stroke literacy have been suggested. This study aimed to evaluate parental stroke- knowledge/literacy, before and after health-education intervention of their children. Design/Intervention: A case-control, questionnaire-based interventional-study, using a pre- test/post-test design at baseline, immediately post-hoc, and a-30-day post-hoc endpoint- survey for knowledge-retention evaluation. Parents of Kith&Kin/LatLam primary schools' children, aged 8-11years, served as subjects and controls respectively. The children had interventional-measures of a-15-minute short-video clip on stroke(Subjects), or epilepsy as a placebo-effect(Controls) and were encouraged to extend stroke-knowledge/information to their guardian/parents, as homework-assignments to complete with their parents. Results: Two-hundred and twenty-parents were enlisted, of which 110-each, were subjects and controls; with a drop-out of the subjects to 104(94.5%) and 90(82%); controls to 91(82.7%) and 80(72.7%) respectively at baseline/immediately post-hoc, and 30-days post- hoc. Amongst the subjects and controls, the mean-scores were 14.2+8.1, 25.3+7.7, 24.9+7.1; and 19.41+7.41, 19.43+6.3, 19.51+7.1; respectively at baseline, immediately post-hoc, and 30- days post-hoc. At baseline, the mean-score differed by 5.2points in favour of the controls. In the immediate post-hoc, the difference was 5.8points in favour of the intervention-group. At 30-days post-hoc, the mean-scores of the control-group remained virtually similar, compared with immediate post-hoc(19.4vs19.5), while that for the study-group dropped by 0.38points. This study demonstrated a short-term improvement in stroke-knowledge in the subjects, with a non-signi icant time-trend decline in knowledge–retention. Furthermore, 23.1% believed that hypertension is not a cause of stroke, 42.3% alluded that stroke is caused by evil-spirit, 57.7% and 98% respectively, alluded to spiritualist-treatment, and hospital-treatment, re lecting poor-community stroke-knowledge. Conclusion: This study demonstrated signi icant impact of children's health-education on parental stroke-literacy, and recommended generalisation of its indings for
50 communicable and non-communicable-diseases.The decline in knowledge-retention observed, albeit non-signi icant, indicated the need for continuing health-education. A larger sample-size, with longer follow-ups at 3,6 and 12-months should be considered to improve the study-power for more valid conclusions.
Keywords: Stork, Health Education, Children, Parents, Roll-back stroke strategy
2019/LASURF/C/011 Comparative study of Liver Biomarkers and Lipid Pro ile of Cultured and Wild Clarias gariepinus Juveniles in Badagry, Lagos Nigeria Comfort A Adeniji, A1 yofe M Hammed, Dor2 cas A Wusu and St3 ella A Odebode4 1 Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Lagos State University, Lagos, 2Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract Introduction: The environment in which ish are reared determines their safety. Likewise, the nutrient availability and resulting carcass composition are dictated by the environment. Aim: This study was designed to assess and compare liver biomarkers and lipid pro iles of Clarias gariepinus juveniles cultured on the farm and those obtained from Badagry waters in order to determine the safety of the rearing environment and the lipid quality for human's consumption. Materials and Methods: Some lipid pro ile and liver biomarker indices of Clarias gariepinus juveniles (mean weight 296.5±32.4 and 190.0±8.09g farmed and wild respectively) were quanti ied spectrophotometrically using kits according to manufacturer's protocols. Data obtained were analysed using t-test, correlation and descriptive statistics. Results and Discussion: The concentrations of plasma cholesterol, HDL lipoprotein phospholipids and activities of alanine aminotransferase enzyme were not signi icantly (p>0.05) different in the cultured and wild ish. The results seem to suggest that the juveniles rearing environment did not pose any danger to their survival. However, the activities of plasma enzymes aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphate were increased signi icantly (p<0.05) in the farmed Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Likewise, the concentrations of triglycerides, phospholipids, HDL- cholesterol and HDL-triglycerides. These might not be unconnected to the higher weights and the feed offered to the farmed juveniles as against their wild counterpart. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cultured Clarias gariepinus juveniles appear to offer better lipid pro ile for human consumption.
Keywords: Liver biomarkers, Lipid pro ile, Clarias gariepinus Juveniles, Badagry
2019/LASURF/C/012 Diagnosing Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases using Fuzzy Cognitive Map Technique Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi, 1Blessing A. Adegbite 1,2, Femi Adelowo and3 U. Ima- Edomwonyi4 1Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria.
51 2ICT Division, Planning and Technology Transfer Information Management (PTTIM). Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO), Lagos State, 3Consultant Rheumatologist & Head of Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine. Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH)Ikeja, Lagos State, 4Consultant Rheumatologist. Department of Medicine,Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) involve in lammation of supporting or connecting structures of the body affecting mostly joints, tendons, ligaments, bones and muscles. There are different types of rheumatic diseases; according to 2014 world ranking of diseases in Nigeria, rheumatic heart disease ranked 42 with deaths 5,167 while rheumatoid arthritis ranked 56 with deaths 1,652. Osteoarthritis ranked 85 with no deaths. We have 42 rheumatologists in Nigeria and limited number in Africa. RMDs are the second most leading cause of disability in the world and its incidence has motivated some research works leading to computational techniques for its diagnosis. Existing computational techniques used for diagnosing rheumatic diseases did not address the confusability of symptoms, it could not handle data with uncertainty and not able to determine the causality between symptoms. Objective: The objective of the research is to design and develop a decision support system (DSS) using fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) for diagnosing RMDs and hence serve as a diagnostic computational tool for rheumatologists and other physicians. Methodology: Questionnaires on symptom relationships were distributed to selected expert rheumatologists in hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Their responses were used to generate weight matrix which was used to design the inference rules of the DSS using the FCM technique implemented in Java. Results: Our indings suggested that speed and accuracy in RMD diagnosis need to be improved upon. Hybridization of Fuzzy-Logic and Cognitive Mapping techniques guaranteed accurate and speedy diagnosis. Thus, implementation of the proposed model using life data gave 84% accuracy, 76% sensitivity and 100% speci icity. Conclusion: The proposed DSS diagnoses the likelihood of RMDs in patients by handling data with uncertainties, addressing the confusability of symptoms and determining the causal factor of each symptom relationship which is applied in the FCM algorithm for differential diagnosis of the disease.
Keywords: Rheumatic diseases, Musculoskeletal diseases, Decision support system
2019/LASURF/C/013 A Rapid Assessment of Health Literacy and Its Determinants among Adults Residing in Rural and Urban Lagos Femi-Adebayo T.T &1, Odusanya O.O 1,2 , Kuyinu Y.A 1,2 , Adebayo B.I,2 Abdurraheem-Salami I.1 1Department of Community Health and Primary Healthcare, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria 2Department of Community health and Primary health care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Health literacy refers to the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services necessary to take appropriate health decisions. Poor health literacy has been associated with poorer physical and mental health function, and higher emergency department and hospital
52 utilization. There is limited data on health literacy in Nigeria, particularly community-based studies. Objectives: We conducted a study to measure the level of health literacy among Lagos state residents, its association with health seeking behaviour and socio-demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three local government areas in Lagos State comprising rural and urban locations. A multi-stage sampling method was applied. Health literacy was assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screening tool (BHLS), a three- item tool with possible scores ranging between 3 and 15. Health literacy was classi ied as low (≤ 9) or adequate (>9) adequate as per previous studies. Results: A total of 1831 respondent participated in the study, among whom 952 (52%) were women. The mean age of respondents was 31.7 (±10.5) years. At least 54.7% had a minimum of an Ordinary National Diploma. About 1280 (69.9%) had adequate health literacy. BHLS scores > 9 were associated with being female (OR, 1.42; 95%CI, 1.15-1.75), being younger than 40 years (OR, 1.82; 95%CI, 1.4 – 2.34), and having at least, a secondary school education (χ=2 49.43, p<0.01). Adequate health literacy was also associated with having knowledge of common medications (t= 2.47, p = 0.014). Those with history of use of tobacco products were more likely to have inadequate health literacy (OR, 1.76; 95%CI,1.29-2.40) Conclusion: The study showed that about three in ten participants were classi ied as having inadequate health literacy even though majority had a tertiary education. Low health literacy was found to be associated with age, sex, educational level, medication knowledge and use of tobacco products. These factors associated with health literacy should be considered when designing interventions. Further studies are also needed to explore the relationship between health literacy and smoking as well as other unhealthy behaviours.
Keywords: Health literacy, Determinants, Prevalence
2019/LASURF/C/014 Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of HE4 with Ca125 and Validation of the Roma Index in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Ovarian Tumors among Patients in LASUTH Akinola O. I., Rabiu, K. A. and Shittu, K. A. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) with Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and to validate the risk of malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors. Methods: The study population included 112 women with ultrasound diagnosis of an adnexal mass, out of whom 49 women had a diagnosis of ovarian cancer following optimal debulking surgery, and 63 women had a diagnosis of benign ovarian tumor. All diagnosis was con irmed by histopathological analysis. Serum HE4 and CA125 were assessed preoperatively according to manufacturer's instructions. CA125 and HE4 cut-offs were 35U/ml and 70pM/l respectively. Results: Serum CA125 and HE4 were signi icantly higher in the ovarian cancer patients compared to those of the benign disease group(p < 0.001 and p < 0.000 respectively). HE4 was higher than CA125 in sensitivity (77.5% vs 69.4%), speci icity (96.8% vs. 82.5%), positive predictive value (95% vs. 75.6%) and negative predictive value(84.7% vs. 77.6%).When the two markers were combined with each other in the ROMA index,
53 Speci icity and PPV reached 100% each. In the Receiver Operative Characteristics (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve for CA125 was 0.679 (95% CI 0.566 – 0.791, p=0.001), HE4 was 0.845 (95% CI 0.760 – 0.930, p=0.000) and ROMA was 0.902 (95% CI 0.851– 0.998, p=0.000) and this was statistically signi icant (p< 0.001). Conclusion: HE4 performed better than CA125 in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors and the combination of the two biomarkers improved the detection of ovarian cancer.
Keywords: Diagnostic accuracy, Roma index, HE4, CA 125, Tumors
2019/LASURF/C/015 High Seroprevalence of In luenza virus in Pig-handlers in Lagos, Nigeria AbdulAzeez Adeyemi Anjorin1* , Ridwan Enikanolaye1 1Department of Microbiology (Virology Research), Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Objectives: Pig-handlers are at risk of zoonotic in luenza and can also serve as source of anthroponosis in pigs. In Nigeria, there is dearth of information on occupational hazard associated with in luenza virus in pig-handlers required for preventive and control strategies. This study was aimed to estimate the burden of in luenza virus at human-animal interface by determining its seroprevalence in pig-handlers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed. Using strati ied random sampling, a total of 180 blood samples were collected from pig-handlers between September, 2016 and April, 2019. The blood sera were analysed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the qualitative and quantitative determination of human Immunoglobulin G speci ic antibody for in luenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 (Demeditec, Germany). Fisher's exact test was performed for p-values using GraphPad prism 8.0.1 (244), San-Diego, USA. Results: Our result showed a high 81% (146/180) pig-handlers having IgG speci ic antibody to in luenza virus. Age group 31-40 years recorded the highest seroprevalence of 41% (60/146) while the lowest 0.7% (1/146) was detected in 61-70 years. P>0.05 was found between male and female pig-handlers investigated. Out of the 13 farms sampled, pig- handlers from Oke-Aro showed the highest in luenza seroprevalence of 62.3% (91/146). Conclusion: This study detected high 81% seroprevalence of in luenza virus in pig-handlers in Lagos, with the highest seroprevalence in areas having high pig population, an implication for public health and community biosecurity threats. The sero-epidemiological data underscored the need for continuous surveillance of in luenza virus at human-animal interface for molecular genotyping in order to further reveal information on the circulating strains of in luenza virus in our environment, for possible vaccine development. Also, efforts must be geared to enlighten the pig-handlers on the implication of zoonotic infections and the need for preventive strategies including standard hygiene practices in and out of the farms.
Keywords: In luenza, Pig-handler, Seroprevalence, ELISA, Lagos, Nigeria
2019/LASURF/C/016 Overview of Logistic Regression Models for Differential Diagnosis of Dementia Gbemileke A. Olarinde and Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
54 Abstract Introduction: Dementia is one of the several neurodegenerative brain diseases that impairs cognition and normal living in individuals especially those with age above 60 years. Access to diagnosis involves a series of complex, time-inef icient manual procedures which are also capital intensive and hence available to few people. The dif iculty in access to early diagnosis using clinical methods have prompted the introduction of computational diagnostic models. Existing models for dementia diagnosis have limited accuracy, sensitivity and speci icity but the hybrid of logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) is identi ied with better performance and hence a further review of LR and SVM is reported in this research work. Aim: We focus on carrying out an overview of LR and SVM with a view to identifying their strengths and weaknesses for early differential diagnosis of dementia. We further identify the possible computational technique that could complement the functionalities of LR and SVM in dementia diagnosis. Our future goal is to develop a hybridized model for dementia diagnosis. Methods: Literature reviewed were hand-picked from peer-reviewed articles on Google Scholar database assessing computational techniques for dementia diagnosis. Diagnosis of dementia was classi ied into clinical and computational methods. Search terms included: dementia, dementia diagnosis, differential diagnosis of dementia, computational technique. Exclusions were based on depression, delirium, and psychosis. Results: Forty-eight articles met inclusion criteria. Methods identi ied for dementia diagnosis are cognitive testing, laboratory tests, imaging, logistic regression, Bayesian Belief, Support Vector Machine. Conclusion: Our indings suggest that speed and accuracy in dementia diagnosis need to be advanced. Hybridization of logistic regression and support vector machine was suggested to guarantee accurate and speedy diagnosis.
Keywords: Dementia, Dementia Diagnosis, Differential diagnosis of dementia, Computational technique.
2019/LASURF/C/017 Early Differential Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer using Computational Techniques: A Systematic Review Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi and Olayanju Kehinde Ajibola 1Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science. Lagos State UniversityOjo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Prostrate Cancer (PC) is one of the leading terminal diseases in men. Its the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. It is a growth of cancer in the prostrate. The symptoms such as: trouble urinating, decreased force in the stream of urine, blood in semen and many others, are not obvious in its early stage but in later stages. The clinical methods of diagnosing PC come with some problems such as lack of suf icient experts (Oncologist), wrong diagnosis due to disease symptoms similarities, methods such as biopsy and prostate speci ic antigen (PSA) are not suf icient for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis have often been done manually. Thus, there is a need for decision support system (DSS) for early different diagnosis of PC.
55 Aim: This research focuses on reviewing and identifying the strengths and weakness of methods (i.e. clinical, traditional and computational) of diagnosing PC. The future goal is to develop robust computational techniques for early differential diagnosis of PC that serves as a software tool for the physicians. Methods:Articles were selected from peer-reviewed articles and journals on Goggle Scholar assessing strictly early differential diagnosis of PC include: prostrate cancer diagnosis, differential diagnosis, early diagnosis. Exclusion were manuscript that were comments, letters and editorials. Results: Fifty-six (56) articles met inclusion criteria for early differential diagnosis of PC are: Pc diagnosis (20 studies), differential diagnosis (10 studies), and computational techniques (16 studies). Results suggest that accuracy, sensitivity, speci icity and speed need to be improved upon due to weaknesses in existing methods. Hybridization of techniques will most likely guarantee improved diagnosis. However further quantitative analysis is required to con irm this. Conclusion: Machine learning has not been widely applied in early differential diagnosis of PC. Our future works will therefore focus on developing machine learning based DSS for PC diagnosis. Keywords: Differential diagnosis, Prostate cancer, Computational techniques, Decision support system
2019/LASURF/C/018 Detection of Nodular Lung Abnormality using Arti icial Neural Network and X-ray imaging Oyewole, A. O. Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science. Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans. They enable the inhalation and exhalation of oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively to and from the body. Lung abnormality is known to be associated with poor health and death. One of the best ways of avoiding complications or death related to lung abnormality is early diagnosis which normally requires imaging or visualization of the lungs. X-ray imaging is one of the medical image modalities that are used to aid the diagnosis of defected lungs. Interpretation of X-ray ilms can be challenging, laborious and time-consuming due to the overlap of structures with the affected lung area and also because it is done manually. Also, interpretation and diagnosis are usually based on the experience of physicians which may be affected by human errors. With the use of automated techniques, analysis and interpretation of x-ray ilms can be achieved thereby overcoming the challenges faced by manual methods. The aim of this work is to develop an automated technique that can be used to detect lung abnormalities using x- ray imaging. 100 chest X-ray ilms were collected and converted to digital forms and features were extracted using shape parameters. The features were classi ied into abnormal and normal for training using arti icial neural network (ANN) and decision tree. ANN used back propagation algorithm on multi-layer perceptron (MLP), while decision tree used J48 classi iers. Using 10-fold cross validation as test method, MLP and J48 both have sensitivity of 98%, speci icity of 98%, precision of 98% and accuracy of 98%. When percentage split was applied as test method on MLP and J48, both classi iers have sensitivity of 95% and speci icity of 100% and accuracy of 97%. MLP and J48 produced precision of 95% and 100% respectively. The results show that both classi iers have good potentials for classifying X-ray images.
Key words: Arti icial Neural Network (ANN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), nodular lung abnormality, x-ray, medical image analysis.
56 2019/LASURF/C/019 Emotion Recognition Using Ensemble Bagged Tree Classi ier and Electroencephalogram Signals Obaro,Emmanuel Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science. Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract: Introduction: Emotion plays a key role in our daily life and work, especially in decision making, aspeople's moods can in luence their mode of communication, behaviour or productivity. Emotionrecognition has attracted some research works and medical imaging technology offers tools for emotion classi ication. Aims: The aim of this work is to develop a machine learning technique for recognizing emotion based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) data Materials and Methods: Experimentation was based on a publicly available EEG Dataset for emotion analysis using physiological (DEAP) parameters. The data comprises of EEG signals acquired from thirty-two adults while watching forty 40 different musical video clips of one minute each. Participants rated each video in terms of four emotional states, namely, arousal, valence, like/dislike and dominance. We extracted some features from the dataset using discrete wavelet transforms to extract wavelet energy, wavelet entropy and standard deviation. We then classi ied the extracted features into four emotional states, namely, high valence/high arousal, high valance/low arousal, low valence/high arousal, and low valence/low arousal using ensemble bagged trees. Results: Ensemble bagged trees gave sensitivity, speci icity and accuracy of 97.54%, 99.21% and 97.80% respectively. Support vector machine and ensemble boosted tree gave similar results. Conclusion: Our results showed that machine learning classi ication of emotion using EEG data is very promising. This can help in the treatment of patients, especially those with expression problems like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, which is a muscle disease, the real emotional state of patients will help doctors to provide appropriate medical care.
Key words: Emotional recognition, Ensemble bagged trees
2019/LASURF/C/020 Effects of Antioxidants on Markers for Gentamicin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Kidneys Adebisi, A. Adedayo, 1 Awe, F. E. Oluwatosin, 2 Aderibigbe, R. Olaide, 3 Ogunlabi, O. Olugbenga,4 Adegbesan, O. Bukunola c and Farombi, O. Ebenezerd 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, 2Product Development Program, National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Oyo State, 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, 4Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Free radicals produce deleterious effects on organs of the body especially liver and kidney. Effect of Gentamicin and paracetamol, administered singly and in combination with antioxidants: cysteine (100 mg/kg), vitamin C (200 mg/kg), vitamin E (100 mg/kg) on reduced glutathione level (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in mitochondria fraction of kidney homogenate of wistar albino-rats was investigated. The animals were randomized into 10 groups of 2 rats each. Gentamicin (100 mg/kg) administered singly, showed signi icant increase (P < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation
57 compared with control both in absence and presence of exogenous oxidants (0.2 mM HO2 , 21 mM FeSo,4 1 mM ascorbate). Gentamicin and paracetamol each caused 42% and 65% increase in lipid peroxidation (0.037 + 0.003 mg/ml and 0.043 ± 0.001 mg/ml) compared to control (0.26 + 0.007 mg/ml). Extent of increase in LPO was not signi icant when antioxidants were administered singly, then in combination with gentamicin except gentamicin with Vitamin E (0.036 ± 0.004 mg/ml) whilst GSH levels increased under same conditions. Cysteine, vitamin C and vitamin E had protective effect of 21.6%, 16.2% and 2.7% respectively. There was signi icant decrease (P<0.05) in GSH level when gentamicin and paracetamol were administered singly (8.25 + 0.35 and 9.3 + 0.6 mg/ml respectively) and in combination (8.5 + 0.04 mg/ml) compared to control (11.5 + 0.71 mg/ml). Results show that gentamicin and paracetamol metabolism in kidney induced oxidative stress and free radical production which mediated membrane peroxidation and decrease in endogenous reduced glutathione level. Introduction of antioxidants alleviated these effects.
Keywords: Gentamycin, Paracetamol, Oxidative stress, Kidney damage
Sub-theme D. Research and Societal Impacts
2019/LASURF/D/001 Managing Entrepreneurship Education in the 21st Century. Ajimuse, Muyiwa Sunday Department of Educational Management and Business Studies, Faculty of Education, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti.
Abstract This paper investigates place of entrepreneurship education in Tertiary Institutions. It explores entrepreneurship education and national development in Nigeria. The challenges of entrepreneurship and the prospects of entrepreneurship development in employment generation in Nigeria are discussed.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, Tertiary Institutions, Nigeria, employment
2019/LASURF/D/002 Human Resource Accounting Valuation Methods and Organizational Performance. Akapo, Monday Mautin Department of Accounting, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos. E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Due to the rapid changes being experienced globally in the global economy, it is apparently vivid that the role of human resources cannot be denied as organizational strategies will not work without an appropriate support of human resources. This study is set out to investigate human resource accounting valuation methods and organizational performance. Other speci ic objectives are to determine if there is any relationship between staff cost and return on assets of an organization; to examine if there is any relationship between number of employees and net pro it margin of an organization. The Ex post facto research design was adopted for this study as cross- sectional data were drawn from the annual reports of ifteen (15) listed irms in the Banking, Manufacturing and Oil Sectors from the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) fact
58 book from 2009 – 2018. The regression results however revealed that the staff cost of an organization has a signi icant and positive impact on organizational performance and also that number of employees signi icantly and positively in luence the net pro it margin of an organization. In conclusion, human resources are a very useful part of the organizational assets and appreciating it by appropriately measuring and reporting it the statement of inancial position signi icantly enhances the irm's performance and value in the market.
Keywords: Human Capital, Intangible Asset, Human Resource Accounting, Return on Assets and Net Pro it Margin.
2019/LASURF/D/003 Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria Babatunde R. Yusuf, Department of Accounting, Lagos State University, Ojo-Lagos. E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract This paper examines the impact of IFRS adoption on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria. Nine deposit money banks (Access Bank, EcoBank, Diamond Bank, FBN Holdings, FCMB Group, Guaranty Trust Bank, Skye Bank Plc, Union Bank of Nigeria, United Bank of Africa, Zenith Bank), two large irms (Lafarge Cement and Dangote Cement) from the construction industry and two large irms (Forte Oil and Oando Oil) from the oil and gas industry were selected for this study. FDI was measured using foreign assets as a ratio of total assets. IFRS adoption was measured as a dummy variable for sample period 2007 to 2017. This study controlled for leverage and past year FDI. Several analyses were performed; descriptive statistics, multicollinearity, unit root tests, and panel ixed effect. Findings revealed that IFRS adoption has positive impact on FDI of the selected listed irms in Nigeria. An increase in IFRS adoption will result in 4.58% increase in FDI of listed irms with foreign investments in Nigeria. The indings also revealed that leverage, past year FDI do not affect FDI of listed irms in Nigeria. These results have practical implications that increase in FDI is associated with IFRS adoption.
Keywords: FDI, IFRS Adoption, Leverage, Nigeria
2019/LASURF/D/004 Innovative Finance and Extroversion Dynamics in Nigeria Patrick O. Eke1 and Yusuf A. Soyebo2
Abstract Background and Objective: Innovation in inance and the doctrine of extroversion are symbiotic and in a twin-track relationship, as a well-adapted inancial system could spur innovative thoughts. This can quickly fuel the identi ication and stimulation of entrepreneurial activities which could lead to economic diversi ication of primary commodities, export regime, particularly for industrialization. Conversely, an industrial economy stimulates emergence of array of inancial institutions and instruments which can amplify the velocity of the monetary mechanism for inancial development. A practical problem inhibiting industrial entrepreneurship in Nigeria is the relevance of the credit market to the vast untapped real sector long-term needs, hence attendant
59 economic consequences, such as gaps in risk taking attitude, inancing frictions, business cycles, low productive capacity, exchange rate pressure, unemployment, in lation, etc. Materials and Methods: Relying on qualitative and annual secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Pension Commission, and United Nations Conference for Trade and Development, the study would augment the structural vector autoregressive framework to accommodate short-term dynamics. The qualitative data seeks information on research questions from stakeholders in the inance and real sector industries, notably in Lagos and Ogun states in Nigeria. Proposed Results:A priori, the study envisages positive relationship between primary commodity exports and inancial structure, that is, non-adaptive inancial structure advances industrial capital scarcity and primary commodity dependence. However, upon simulation for markets and securities-based inancing could reduce primary commodity dependence. Consequently, a revised structure may induce energy into industrial entrepreneurship, and in luence consumption of domestic goods. Secondly, it is envisaged that a diversi ied credit economy may tame inancial frictions and minimize non-performing credit facilities. Thirdly, industrialization would be boosted towards resource employment and poverty reduction. Economic growth assumes its potency, increasing signi icantly. Conclusion: The study may conclude that a balanced inancial structure is potent to taming extroversion behaviour.
Keywords: Commodity exports, Financial structure, Innovative inancing
2019/LASURF/D/005 Project Management Techniques and the Development of Entrepreneurship in Lagos State. Olateju, Ibrahim Olawale Department of Management Technology, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University Abstract This study examines project management techniques on entrepreneurship development in Lagos State. Project management is the backbone of the enterprises that achieved sustainable development in the developed economies. Till date, this technique has not been adequately used in Lagos enterprises. The study identi ied the techniques involved in project management with a view to investigating their impacts on the survival rate and pro itability of business enterprises in Lagos. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Structured interview questionnaires were administered to selected entrepreneurs, owning existing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the ive divisions in Lagos state using purposive random sampling technique. The divisions covered are Eti-Osa, Badagry, Epe, Ikeja and Ikorodu. The research instrument was validated using content and face validity while test-re- test reliability was conducted and Cronbach's alpha coef icient of 0.89 was used to con irm the reliability of the research instrument. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and co-ef icient of multiple determination. Findings revealed that effective project risk management increases the survival rate of business enterprises and also that project cost management has a positive effect on the pro itability of enterprises. It was recommended, among others, that because of the dynamic and rapidly changing nature of the business environment, it is important that appropriate training on project management strategies are given to entrepreneurs regularly. The principle of project management could be used to design the policy implementation on youth empowerment in Lagos State.
Key words: Cost Management, Entrepreneurial Development, Project Management, Risk Management.
60 2019/LASURF/D/006 Social Insurance Coverage, Economic Factors and Vulnerability to Corruption in Nigeria: A Non-Linear Cointegration Approach Onafalujo. Akinwunmi Kunle Department of Insurance, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos E-mail:[email protected];
Abstract Social insurance is a critical component of social security but may not have been well de ined in Nigeria. Since insurance is noted to have tacit claims on regulating human behaviour; social insurance should impel public attitudes against the vulnerability of being drawn to the sin of corruption. Against this backlash, this study examined any linkage of the incidence of corruption in the Nigerian socio-economic life to the level of social insurance cover (SIC) while noting some intervening economic factors –in lation and interest rates. A non-linear ARDL technique was applied and is considered to be more predictive than my previous studies on social insurance. It was found that corruption is strongly linked to low SIC concomitantly with high in lation rate particularly from 2005 to date. Government should target innovative policies that will drive social insurance inclusion. These include attracting the informal sector to take-up micro life insurance, micro health insurance, and micro pension schemes. Government at various levels should design social interventions and inancial assistance for less privilege. Monetary policy watchers should ingeniously work out low in lation regimes and low coupon ixed income instruments that moderate the interest rate spread in Nigeria to sustain social insurance coverage and reduce corruptive tendencies.
Keywords: Corruption, Economic factors, Non-linear co-integration, Social insurance coverage
2019/LASURF/D/007 Gender Perspectives to Peace and Security in the Nigerian Society Oluremi.A. Savage-Oyekunle Department of Private and Public Law, Faculty of Law, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The absence of peace and security in a society affects its members in different ways. The differences which are multifaceted arise mainly from the roles women and men perform in their communities. While men experience the highest number of casualties in situations of con lict as a result of their direct involvement in war, women are mostly victims either directly or indirectly. Oftentimes, women are direct victims due to the perpetuation of sexual violence, traf icking and other human rights abuses against them or indirect victims as a result of their experiencing several negative effects occasioned by war through the destruction of infrastructure which not only results in inaccessibility to basic health and social amenities, but also leads to women bearing an
61 disproportionately affected by con lict, women are prevented from participating in con lict prevention/resolution processes as their views are not taken into consideration during decision-making processes on peace and con lict matters due to pre-existing gender inequalities related to cultural and religious beliefs. Noting that women are often victims of gender-based crimes in war ridden societies, and the untoward effect con lict has on them, this article seeks to irst examine the obligation owed by the Nigerian state in ensuring that its citizens, particularly women and children are adequately protected in situations of con lict. It thereafter considers the numerous challenges they face when crises occur and the spiral effect it has on the society. Finally, the article will explore international, regional and national efforts that have been implemented to assure the role women play in peace building processes and whether the instruments/action plans where available, have positively impacted the lives of women especially those affected by crises in the Nigerian society and where not, proffer practical solutions that can be implemented to ensure that the productive involvement of women occurs in this regard.
Keywords: Women, Peace, Security, Con lict Resolution.
2019/LASURF/D/008 Assessment of University Social Responsibility towards Producing Good Citizenship: Does Lagos State University (LASU) Differ from Others? Bello H.T,1 Bakare I.O,2 Ajiboye O. A,3 Ogunlana F.O, 4Olohunlana D. A. 5 1,2,3 &5Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department4 of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, LASU.
Abstract Universities are faced with new environment and challenges that necessitate the need to assess their roles. The role of universities in the societal development has been a very pushy topic being discussed by scholars. Universities are known as having a direct impact on the quality of life in the societies due to their educational, research and social actions. Among the social responsibilities of a university are to strengthen civic responsibility, elevating awareness regarding social responsibility among its students, staff members and other employees, in a manner that makes them behave as societal personalities professing collective views and not opting to adopt individual thinking. This study provides empirical evidence on university social responsibility efforts and how it impacted on the societies at large. The objectives are to investigate the role Lagos state university (LASU) plays within and outside its boundary in providing facilities and services to the society; and to explain how the facilities and services provided by LASU impact the on the society. The study employed secondary data, surveys and focus group discussion to collect data on social impacts. The indings explain how a university impacted on producing good citizenship through providing facilities and services to their community using LASU as point of reference.
Keywords: University Social Responsibility, Good Citizenship, Community Impact, Social Impact.
2019/LASURF/D/009 Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Variables in Nigeria (1970-2017) Lydia Bose Jolayemi Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, E-mail: [email protected]
62 Abstract The paper investigates impact of expansionary and contractionary iscal policy on macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. The paper employed quarterly secondary data over the period of 1970:1 to 2017:4 using DSGE model. This was with the view to determining whether or not iscal policy transmission mechanism through its various channels affects macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. Quarterly data on variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), output gap, credit to private sector, exchange rate, in lation rate, interest rate, government spending, public debt, taxes, expansionary and contractionary iscal policy were collected from the publications of World Development Indicators of World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2017 edition). Government spending was used to generate expansionary iscal policy and contractionary iscal policy. dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model was estimated using Bayesian estimation approach, and inally, impulse response and variance decomposition were generated to analyze the data. Results showed that expansionary and contractionary iscal policy measure signi icantly impacted economy through increase or decrease in government expenditure, but credit channel appears to be most active channel as it transmitted the largest impact of shocks to the economy. Expansionary iscal policy had crowding out effect on the macroeconomic variables in Nigeria, while contractionary iscal policy had crowding in effect. The study concludes that expansionary and contractionary iscal policy impacted macroeconomic variables in Nigeria.
Keywords: Expansionary, Contractionary, Fiscal policy, DSGE, Bayesian.
2019/LASURF/D/010 Innovation for National Development: The Strategy of Entrepreneurial Values. Ajose Olufemi A. Faculty of Social Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos.
Abstract Entrepreneurial value is one of the issues that arouse the interest of academics and practitioners in the recent times. Concerted efforts are made in area of procedures and context through and where entrepreneurial action is enacted. The paper is exploratory and designed to examine the strategy of entrepreneurial values, spirit and education in building an innovating attitude towards national development. In achieving this, the key values individual believes in and their interpretation in the context of entrepreneurial behaviour was investigated. This is predicated on the prior work of Krueger (2007) and more speci ically on the premise that “deep beliefs” underpin sense making, decision making and subsequent entrepreneurial behaviour. The study made use of an inductive and interpretive research design within a constructivist paradigm. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed to 120 selected undergraduate students. The resulting narrative was subjected to discourse analysis and categorized into relevant theme. It was found out that self-determined human action is based on a speci ic set of values which the individual uses to make decision about how to behave in situations that are meaningful to them. Engaging in entrepreneurial innovation is one form of self-determined behaviour that enables the individual to express and satisfy a variety of different fundamental needs.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial, Spirit, Innovation, Business start-up, Strategies.
63 2019/LASURF/D/011 Research on Green Entrepreneurship Development as a Way to Ensure Sustainable Economic Development Adijat O. Olateju Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. Email: [email protected]
Abstract Entrepreneurship development is no doubt one of the developmental programs that has helped to reduce unemployment and poverty especially in developing countries. Green entrepreneurship is a new area in entrepreneurship development that seeks to ensure the development of present generation without jeopardizing or affecting negatively the wellbeing of future generations. Reducing environmental degradation is one of the main goals of the Sustainable Development program of the United Nations. In view of this, focus has recently been placed on green entrepreneurship which is a new area in entrepreneurship development and has drawn research focus/attention of most scholars to this area of development. In complement to other research work in the aspect of green entrepreneurship, this study focuses on some green business venture that entrepreneurs could embark on in order to ensure sustainable economic development.
Keywords: Green economy, Entrepreneurship, Green business ventures
2019/LASURF/D/012 Exploring Career Edge of Employment Theory as a Model for Developing Arabic Curriculum in Tertiary Institutions in Yoruba Land, Nigeria. Shittu, Morufudeen Adeniyi Department of Arabic Language, School of Languages Michael Otedola College of Primary Education (MOCPED) Noforija, P.M.B. 1028 Epe, Lagos State E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This study explorescareer edge employment theory as a model for developing Arabic Curriculum in tertiary institutions in Yoruba Land, Nigeria. There is a prevalence of unemployment challenge among majority of Arabic language graduates in Yoruba land. It is in view of this, the study utilized the career edge employment theory in the development of employability skills in the content of Arabic Language Curriculum. The career edge employment theory has ive elements that equips individuals with cognitive experience, entrepreneurial and employability skills such as career development learning; practical life experience; subject knowledge, understanding and skills; generic skills and emotional intelligence. These ive elements transform into self-ef icacy, self- esteem and self-con idence which are prospects of employability and they are germane in the development of Arabic Language Curriculum in preparing students for the world of work andenhance their potentials and chances in getting lucrative jobs. Twelve stakeholders from selected universities, Colleges of Education and graduates of Arabic engaged in different sector of works within Yoruba land, Nigeria were interviewed on the current content of Arabic curriculum in use. The interview revealed that the present Arabic Language Curriculum needs to be reviewed as it does not fully equip graduates with employability skills necessary to function effectively in the global workplace. The
64 study, therefore, clamors for a new dimension in the teaching and learning of Arabic language by exploring employment theory of Career Edge by Dacre Pool and Sewell (2007). It is therefore recommended that educational stakeholders and government should work to ensure uniformity in the Arabic curriculum across all universities offering Arabic language. In addition, graduates of Arabic language should develop appropriate interpersonal skills and con idence which would enable them cope with challenges and showcase their potentials to employers just like their counterparts in other ields of study. This will enable graduates of Arabicto contribute positively more to nation growth and development.
Keywords:Career edge, Curriculum, Development, Employment, Tertiary institutions. 2019/LASURF/D/013 Political economy of Newspapers coverage of MCH issues in Nigeria Raheemat Adeniran andLai Oso Department of Journalism, School of communication Lagos State University, Lagos Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Nigeria is a developing country with an array of developmental challenges facing its varied sectors. Nigeria has one of the worst indices on maternal and child healthcare (MCH), globally. The media, as a vital element within the society, has the potential to contribute to improving maternal and child healthcare through appropriate framing and communication of MCH issues. Achieving media inclusion could however be a challenge as media contents are often products of varied power relations. Extant studies have established that health is often not primed in Nigerian newspapers where politics and business hold sway. News media contents is also in luenced by varied factors which exists both within and outside of news media organisations. Premised on the sociology of news as critical perspective, this study examines power relations in newspaper representation of maternal and child healthcare in Nigeria. Combining content analysis of MCH-related items in newspapers, with in-depth interview of newspaper health editors, this paper explores factors driving coverage of speci ic aspects of MCH and their underlying reasons. The study inds that government, local and international aid agencies, and civil societies in luences newspaper coverage of MCH issues. These groups tend to drive media representation of MCH through typical news routine and production process, and reporter-source relations favouring the priming of of icial news sources and 'powerful' elements within the society, as a necessity for maximising limited news media resources. This paper identi ies the various forms in which these groups manipulates media representation of MCH and calls for the media to be more proactive in driving agenda for improved MCH for the citizenry, and not fall prey to satisfying peculiar interests over public interest.
Keywords: Maternal and Child health, Newspaper coverage, Political in luences
2019/LASURF/D/014 Public Transport Accessibility for Persons with Disability in Lagos Metropolis Ogochukwu, Ugboma Department of Transport Management and Operations, School of Transport, Lagos StateUniversity, Ojo.
65 Abstract Persons with disability make up an estimated ten percent of the world's population of which twenty percent of global population living in poverty is associated with disability. Despite the commitment of the United Nations to the rights of persons with disabilities and the recognition by the 2005 World Summit Outcome of the immediate need for persons with disabilities to be able to exercise their rights without discrimination. Disability is largely invisible in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the millennium development goals (MDGs). People living with disabilities, tend to be vulnerable, most deprived and fall outside the reach of social services provided by the government. Faced with a growing population of people living with disabilities and a gradually developing transport system, the Lagos State government in Nigeria has an enormous task in ensuring that the public transportation system is accessible to everyone, especially to people living with disabilities. This study is an examination of the work in progress in the public transportation sector of the Lagos State government. In analyzing the interviews from some disabled commuters and evaluating the existing public transport infrastructures on ground, this study elaborates on areas that will help transport policy makers in providing adequate urban mobility and accessible transportation for people living with disabilities.
Keywords: Accessibility, Disability, Urban Mobility, Public Transport
2019/LASURF/D/015 Video Films and Sex/Sexuality Innovation among Undergraduates in Lagos Yinka Alawode, Omolade Sanni and Stephen Fatonji School of Communication Studies, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected], Abstract Video ilms are Nigeria's most treasured cultural products acknowledged by the United Nations Scienti ic and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) as a proli ic industry ahead of United States' Hollywood but coming after India's Bollywood, yet widely enjoyed all over the world. As an ardent reader of Funmi Akingbade's “Sex and Sexuality” column in The Punch newspaper until it was rested sometime early 2019, the researchers wonder whether the video ilm version of this health education exists. Despite the seemingly high exposure of undergraduates to video ilm offerings, they often have to secretly search and locate sex and sexuality ilms online. Simply because the family shy away from this responsibility, formal schools ind it trickish to handle and religious institutions tag it a taboo. Culturally, most societies consider it amoral for discussion. Yet universities admit individuals labeled as adults (undergraduates) with inquisitive mindsyet left to whims of wandering in search of vital information and knowledge about “what everyone enjoys but no one must divulge”. The plethora of online pornography sites with over 28 million domains was recently acknowledged by a children/teenage minister who bemoaned the rising cases of rapes, paedophile, preteen sex, among others. This study intends to carry out a survey of video ilm exposure by undergraduates paying particular attention to sex and sexuality ilms exposure as well as pornography; ascertain their sources of information about sex and sexuality and practices. Three hundred undergraduates will constitute the sample of this study drawn from public and private tertiary institutions in Lagos chosen through the random sampling technique, while William Stephenson's play theory, cultivation theory and
66 uses/grati ications theory constitute the theoretical framework of the study. The major instrument for the study is a structured questionnaire with key informant interviews (KII). The results of the study promises to be valuable for innovation and resolution of many cases of rapes, sexual abuse/violence, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as well as developing policies and interventions for managing and removing the secrecy coverings from sex and sexuality through establishment/recruitment of centres and experts in the area for regular consultancies.
Keywords: Sexuality, Sexual abuse, Theories, Films, Prevention
2019/LASURF/D/016 Academic Staff Training as a Veritable Tool for Educational Development in Public Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria Shittu, Taofeek Olawale1, Ola wole, Olaniyi Joseph.2 And Momoh, Yakubu Zuberu3 Department of Educational Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract This paper examines academic staff training as a veritable tool for educational development in public tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Perhaps, majority of lecturers in Nigerian tertiary institutions are not registered with Teacher Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN). The purpose of this study was to systematically focus on the training and quali ications deemed essential for tertiary institution teachers in order to perform their pedagogical skills. The indings of the study verify the conclusions reached in related literature regarding to approach making up the pro ile of a “good lecturer”. These indings contributed to analytical description of lecturers' professional training and knowledge required for performance of a lecturer towards educational development. Therefore, the study concluded that in-service, seminars, workshops and attendance of conference enhance performance of academic staff in teaching, research and community service. It is recommended that lecturers' in public tertiary institutions should always attend organised programmes for capacity building and development through in-service training, such as induction programmes, ICT training, workshops, attendance of conferences and seminars. Government should compel the academic staff to register and certi ied by Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) in any Nigerian institutions.
Keywords: Academic Staff, Training, Education, Development, Tertiary institutions
2019/LASURF/D/017 Leadership Challenges of the Nigerian Educational System Babatunde Todowede Lagos State University, Ojo
Abstract The perceived de icits of the lack of effective leadership, or the general effects of bad governance there-from, have been adduced as underlying causes of the various problems of development in Nigeria – ranging from the economic to the political and social. In this paper, the perceived adverse impact of the leadership problem on the educational system is examined and discussed. The need to engender purposeful leadership and good governance for the achievement of sustainable development of the Nigerian educational system is speci ically
67 canvassed. The spill-over effects of pervasive social corruption, political power struggle, the pursuit of wrong priorities in governance, the lack of transparency and accountability as well as problems arising from of icial mismanagement, nepotism and ethnicity are also particularly chronicled in this paper within the wider context of the analysis of scenarios. Effective, visionary and competent leaderships are necessary catalysts for the long-term development of the educational system in Nigeria.
Keywords: Educational leadership, Leadership challenges, Education sector, Educational system, Stakeholders, Policy inconsistency.
2019/LASURF/D/018 Imperatives of Digital Humanities to Philosophy A isi, Oseni Taiwo, Department of Philosophy, Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos. E-mail: oseni.a [email protected] Abstract In Philosophy of science, the Karl Popper's Critical Rationalism has led to a further investigation into an indigenous mode of inquiry that has come to be known as African science. In particularly, the realisation that most of the knowledge and materials that are essential to the promotion of indigenous knowledge system have been lost either through the deliberate efforts of the individual traditional African scientist not willing to pass on the knowledge because the Traditional African Scientist does not seem to have moved beyond the level of personalization and esotericization of knowledge or the lack of resources to preserve the materials that are available for upcoming generations. Digital Humanities comes on the strength of the basic idea about the intersection of computing or digital technologies aligning the activities of various disciplines in the humanities. The focus of this research is to learn the tools, methods and techniques of digital computing that are valuable to research in philosophy. This research has illuminated my knowledge on how digital humanities can create an alternative model of governance for knowledge production in the humanities. The fear that the models that are used in science can erode the fundamental methods of critical evaluation that the humanities are known for seems baseless, the use of digital computation does not threaten the traditional humanities. Humanities are not losing their capacity for critical analysis. Digital humanities is not fundamentally opposed to the humanities. Rather, it is a support.
Keywords: Philosophy, Indigenous knowledge, Digital humanities
2019/LASURF/D/019 Violence Against Women in Nigeria: An Appraisal of the Legal Framework Grace Ayodele AROWOLO, Department of Private and Public Law, Lagos State University, Ojo. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Objective: Violence against women is a commonplace and widespread phenomenon in Nigeria. Its numerous rami ications include abuse, prostitution and traf icking,
68 abductions, forced marriages, forced religious conversions, sexual exploitation and slavery of women. It is estimated that one in every three women suffers from violence in Nigeria. In this paper, an evaluation of the relevant provisions of Nigerian laws enacted to combat this menace with the aim of evaluating its adequacies in fully combating violence against women in Nigeria. Methods:A doctrinal approach is adopted for this study. The doctrinal approach allows for an analysis of the provisions of various international and national laws including constitutions, statutes, binding and non-binding international instruments relating to gender-based violence. Based on these analyses, conclusions as to the strengths and weaknesses in the laws are drawn. Results: Preliminary investigations reveal among others that although a number of laws for protecting women from violence exist in the Nigerian legal system, women are not adequately protected while international instruments rati ied in Nigeria for protecting women from violence are yet to be domesticated into law and therefore not justiciable by virtue of Nigerian constitutional provisions. Conclusion: Currently, Nigerian laws do not effectively address violence against women. This paper recommends, inter-alia, that the United Nations Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women along with other relevant international instruments to which Nigeria subscribes without reservations, should be domesticated and implemented so as to give life and force to the provisions of the law and effectively address violence against women in Nigeria.
Keywords: Violence against women, Legal framework, Laws, Conventions, Discrimination, Nigeria
2019/LASURF/D/020 Exploring the Blurred View – Is Paedophilia a Sickness Deserving Medical Attention or a Criminal Act Justifying Punishment? F.A.R. Adeleke Department of Private and Public Law, Faculty of Law, Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract A Paedophile is an adult who is sexually attracted to children and has sex with them. In recent times paedophilia has become a common phenomenon in Nigeria, Lagos state inclusive. The Lagos State criminal law does not expressly provide for the offence as paedophilia; however, having sex with a minor is de ilement which earns a life imprisonment. The question this research seeks to clarify is whether the law views a paedophile as suffering from a disease of the mind that requires compassionate attention of the law and doctors or he is a rational person who should be responsible for his criminal act thereby deserving punishment. Research question: Are persons who seduce and have sex with minors suffering from uncontrollable impulses or criminally responsible? Scope of Research and Limitation: Geographically, the research is limited to Lagos State. The topic is considered mainly within the ambit of criminal law and does not intend to delve into medical ield, but the research may make use of studies from medical ield, psychology and sociology. Objectives of Research: First, the research will investigate the prevalence of paedophilia in recent times. Second, the research will assess the adequacy of the Lagos state extant law to address paedophilia. The research will also review the criminal jurisprudence in
69 paedophilia casesand inquire whether arrested paedophiles in Lagos state have been subjected to appropriate medical examination in order to determine whether there have been any efforts to consider whether punishing paedophiles is in line with the aims of criminal punishment. Methodology: The research will employ both qualitative and quantitative approach Conclusion This research will determine whether paedophiles are to be made criminally responsible for their acts or be subjected to medical treatment. . Keywords: Paedophilia, Sexual abuse, Children, Sickness, Criminality
2019/LASURF/D/021 Evaluation of Service Quality of Domestic Airlines in Nigeria: A Scale Validation Approach Abdul-Azeez Ibraheem Forson School of Transport Lagos State University, Ojo E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract This study evaluated the service quality of domestic airlines in Nigeria with a view of validating the AIRQUAL scale to con irm its psychometric properties and ascertain its applicability in the Nigerian context. Although the SERVQUAL scale has been widely used and adopted by various airline service quality researchers, yet there are many criticisms faced by the scale. It has been criticized for its lack of consistencies across different service industries, culture, and not being generic. Consequent upon the criticisms, Bari, Bavik, Ekiz, Hussain, & Toner developed a speci ic scale for the airline industry called 'AIRQUAL' from the original SERVQUAL using Cypriot airline market in 2001 to re lect the peculiarities of the industry. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select two airports – Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) and Nnamdi Azikwe International Airport (NAIA) because of their huge passenger traf ic and also a hub for the majority of domestic airlines in Nigeria. A Convenience sampling technique was also used to select 453 air travelers who had travelled with any of the eight domestic airlines in Nigeria in the last six months. Data collected were screened for any missing values, outliers, normality, and presence of multicollinearity before subjected to con irmatory factor analysis. The results from the study statistically inferred that AIRQUAL scale is validated and can be used for measuring service quality of domestic airlines in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommended that domestic airline should adopt this scale in measuring the perception of passengers about their service quality to improve their respective services.
Keywords: Domestic airlines, Tool validation, Service quality. AIRQUAL
2019/LASURF/D/022 In luence of Socio-Economic Factors on the Prevalence of Girl Child Rape in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State: Implication for Counselling. Badejo A. O and Adeyemi C. O Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, E-mail:[email protected]
70 Abstract The study examined the in luence of Socio-economic factors on the prevalence of girl child rape in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State and its implication for counseling. The increase in the rate of rape of the girl child especially in rural areas where every member of the extended family is a custodian of children is worrisome. Young children, especially girls are increasingly experiencing sexual abuse in the hand of those that are supposed to take care of them. The problem often continues for a period of time without the knowledge of the parents. This is not unconnected with the socio-economic status of these children. The predators are very clever that most often they are not suspected of such heinous act. The population consist of 200 mothers that are randomly selected, a four-point rating scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Two research questions were raised, and four null hypotheses formulated. The weighted means and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data collected. Related literature was reviewed. Parental educational background and parents' inancial status are major factors. There is a signi icant relationship between parents' socio-economic status and girl child rape. The paper concludes by recommending counseling on sex and sexuality education early enough in life both at home and in schools, formation of girl child protection network within the community. It is also imperative for parents to make child-care a priority. It is hoped that this paper will be valuable to school heads to look into what goes on around school before and after school hours.
Keywords:Girl-child, Rape, Sexual abuse, Socio-economic status.
2019/LASURF/D/023 Overview of Berth Allocation Problems in Container Terminals: Case Study of Apapa Wharf, Lagos Nigeria Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi and Yama B. Omokhoba Department of Computer Science,Faculty of Science Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Berth allocation is the process of allocating ships to berth in wharf. The limited berth space in wharf led to berth allocation problem (BAP) and an optimal solution is required. Moreover, high berth occupancy may result in congestion where container ships are queuing to be served, which would lead to high turn-around times equating to bad service for the container terminal. Aim: This research focused on the review of BAP in container terminals with the view of identifying which optimization method is best in solving the challenges in ports to minimize total stay of vessels. Methods: A study of the operations in Apapa wharf was done with the view to understand the berth allocation process vis-à-vis the challenges therein. Also, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process was used to identify related research works on computational algorithms used for solving BAP. Our search space is Google Scholar Journal Database. Selected literature on berth allocation algorithms were reviewed using systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms were identi ied and their relationship with components of BAP in Apapa Wharf is also identi ied.
71 Results: We deduced from literature the following techniques for solving BAP: Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used by 20 authors, simulated annealing by 10 authors and other methods by 17 authors. GA was identi ied as a better technique for solving BAP, because it explores huge search space. It is a common method in Meta-Heuristicsalgorithms, and it uses unbiased approaches inspired by natural evolution. Conclusion: We identi ied in our study that existing parameters for optimizing performance of berth allocation algorithms are machine centered and unbiased. Also, Performance metrics considered are mostly the following: waiting time, handling time & turnaround time and none of the techniques adopted in literature was used to solve BAP in any sub-Saharan African port.
Keywords: Berth allocation, Container Terminals, Genetic Algorithm, Wharf, Port, Systematic Literature Review
2019/LASURF/D/024 Deployment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Estimation for Greenhouse Gases Emissions Chinenye Lilian Okafor, Michael Adetunji Ahove, Samuel G. Odewunmi and Michael MacCracken
Abstract The natural atmospheric concentration of Greenhouse gases (GHGs) is vital for human existence for a premium greenhouse gas effect to keep the earth warm, but these GHGs is challenging the carrying capacity of the earth leading to climate change. It is on this premise the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organisation established the Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change to provide the World with an objective and scienti ic view of climate change through a model guideline to conduct regular estimations of emission in all sectors of the economy. Currently, the Department of Climate Change top-down approach generalises transport emissions and cannot be used to localize solutions. This approach also neglects the use of fuel for non-transport activities like private electricity generation and the fact that fuel purchased in one city can be used in another city. This identi ied gap was illed using a bottom-Up approach of the IPCC guideline in this study. Quantitative research design was employed using a descriptive survey to determine fuel consumption, vehicle and drivers characteristics through the use of a 30-item instrument named GHG emission estimation instrument (GHGEEI) to estimate the quantity of GHGs from vehicular emissions of commercial road passenger transport activities within the selected routes in Iyana-Ipaja, differentiate emission estimates by vehicle categories (keke, shuttle, danfo 14, 18 and 22-seaters) and determine the relative contribution of each commercial road passenger vehicle type according to its age, fuel type, number of engine plugs, and frequency of service. Quota sampling technique was used to identify the strata and their frequency in the population and then convenience sampling was used to select 15% of the quota population for each stratum. Results from the study showed that CO2 (10,257.88kg/COe),2 CH(3.65k4 g/COe)2 and NO2 (0.58kg/COe)2 was emitted daily on the selected areas. This study served as a detailed template for end use data gathering (bottom-up) instead of statistics on production, import, export and stock exchanges of fuel considering that there are many other uses of fuel in our country (electricity generation).
Keywords: Greenhouse gases, Climate Change, Emissions, Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change
72 2019/LASURF/D/025 Predisposing Factors Towards the Psychosocial Challenges of Secondary School Adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Badejo A.O. and Lamidi, S.B. Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling Psychology Faculty of Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria Abstract The period of adolescence is illed with many changes and when proper care and attention are not showered upon the adolescent during the process of transition, it may lead to worsened psychosocial problems in adolescents. Adolescent's psychosocial challenges seems to have been underestimated in the Nigeria Society. Parents, teachers and society seem to have failed to help adolescent complete this process successfully. Therefore, the problems of adolescent apparently continue to persist daily. The psychosocial challenges may include, social problems, behavioural problems, emotional problems, and educational problems. Two research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The sample consists of one hundred (100) senior secondary school students selected from Badagry local government area. A 40 item self-developed questionnaire was designed for data collection. The study adopted the descriptive design to seek information. Data were analyzed using the descriptive Statistics and Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of signi icance. The result of the indings shows that there is a signi icant difference in predisposing factors towards the psychosocial challenges of adolescents of different family type. Conclusions were drawn and some recommendation were made based on the indings.
Keywords:Counselling, Secondary school adolescents, Psycho-social factors
2019/LASURF/D/026 Traditional knowledge: Preservation and Recycling Practices in Nigeria Temitope O.Oloko Department of Private and Public Law, Faculty of Law Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Traditional preservation and recycling is an important component of traditional knowledge (TK) which is widely practiced in Nigeria. The undocumented practices reveal that the traditional or indigenous knowledge systems of preservation and recycling effectively served the people. However, the use of non-biodegradable materials made from inorganic substances for example plastics, that were largely unknown traditionally to the people now pose a serious threat to the continuation of indigenous recycling practices and have adverse impacts on physical, social and economic well-being of the Nation is disturbing. Aim: This research focuses on various traditional knowledge of preservation and recycling with view to showcase the need for the protection of TK and the various indigenous practices that form a body of knowledge which traditionally provides environmental sustainability. The interconnection between intellectual property and traditional knowledge will be examined. Shared traditional practises will be identi ied and discussed. Methods: This research was conducted through literature review from peer-reviewed articles and studies on traditional knowledge protection. Selected articles that evaluate several traditional preservation and recycling methods were consulted. Results: The study showed that traditional knowledge of preservation and recycling
73 methods adequately took care of the environment. Traditional knowledge passed from generations was gradually dying off due to imbibed culture which has not been able to sustain the environment. Conclusion: The research concludes that a traditional knowledge registry is essential in developing this area of intellectual property and recommends that these traditional ways of preservation and recycling should be encouraged. Awareness campaigns to shift focus to more degradable material to save the earth should be rigorously embarked upon.
Keywords: Traditional Knowledge, Recycling, Preservation and intellectual Property.
2019/LASURF/D/027 Con lict Management as a Correlate of Creativity and Innovation in Lagos State Tertiary Institutions Ibikunle, Ganiyu Abiona Department of Educational Management, Lagos State University, Ojo. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This study examined the relationship between con lict management, creativity and innovation in Lagos State Tertiary Institutions. The population sample of the study was randomly drawn from two (2) Lagos State owned higher institutions. A total of three and thirty (330) participants comprising of 110 academics, 100 non academics and 120 students took part in the study. A three in one self-constructed questionnaire titled Con lict Management Creativity and Innovation Questionnaire (COMCAIQ) consisting of Con lict Management Scale (CMS),Creativity Scale (CS) and Innovation Scale(IS) were used to collect relevant data. The two instruments were validated by experts in the ield. Their corrections and observations were used to rectify the instruments. The reliability coef icient of 0.78, 0.72 and 0.76 were obtained using split-half reliability method for CMS,CS and IS respectively. Pearson product moment correlation statistics was used with the aid of SPSS (version 20) to test all the null hypotheses at 0.05 signi icance level. The data collected were analysed and the relationship between con lict management and students' academic performance was determined. Four (4) hypotheses were tested and results held at 0.05 level of signi icance, three were rejected and one was accepted. Overall indings indicated that there was signi icant relationship between con lict management, creativity and innovation Lagos State tertiary institutions. The indings suggest that con lict potentials in the higher institutions are varied, there is need for the entire group within the system to recognize these potentials and deliberately make concerted efforts to curtail the negative consequences of con licts. This curtailment could be achieved through meaningful interactions, effective communication, and cooperation between the higher institutions and the state. This study provides evidence for recommendations for higher institutions authorities to imbibe the use of dialogue and participatory decision making with the triadic active elements in tertiary institutions in order to avert crises so as to create an enabling environment for creative thinking and innovativeness.
Keywords: Con lict, Peace time, Resolution, Participatory Decision Making, Creativity and Innovativeness
2019/LASURF/D/028 Development of a Climate Crisis Anxiety Instrument: What is your Heartbeat reading? Michael Adetunji Ahoveand Chinenye Lilian Okafor Centre for Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected]
74 Abstract Nigeria is experiencing the reality of climate change more than ever with Sea level rise, coastal looding; erosion and deserti ication as 'cloud of witnesses. People's perception and experiences appears to be the core issues that will in luence their climate change anxiety level, a potent factor behind climate action. The younger generation would have a larger share of this experience and propensity for the worst hit including women. This background necessitated the need for the development of a Climate Change Anxiety Instrument (CCAI) for secondary school students. This research is an attempt to develop and test a reliable and valid instrument that will assess students' level of anxiety towards the changes that climate change brings to bear on humans and the environment in general. The development phase, patterned alongside Computer Anxiety Scale (CAS) developed by Okebukola and Woda (1993), irst involved 50 senior secondary school students and the inal phase involved 90 senior secondary school students.Results compared students' learning outcomes using constructivism, pictorial/discussion and traditional techniques. Pedagogy signi icantly in luenced students' climate change anxiety. The Tukey analysis shows pictorial/discussion signi icant difference among the group on climate change anxiety. Location signi icantly in luenced students' level of climate change anxiety in favour of rural students.
Keywords: Climate Change, Climate Crisis Anxiety Instrument
2019/LASURF/D/029 Employee Self-Care, Occupational Stress and Burnout of Security Personnel in a University 1Rasheed Olawale Azeez,2 Oladipupo Soetan 1Department of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, 2Lagos State University Health Centre, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos. Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract This study interrogated the relationships and in luence that exist between self-care, occupational stress and employees' burnout amongst security personnel of a public University in South-Western Nigeria. The study utilised the survey research design, and the convenience sampling technique was adopted to selecting 200 security personnel. Founded on extant literatures, three research hypotheses were stated and tested using the inferential statistics of Person's product moment correlation coef icient (PPMC), and the linear multiple regression (R)2 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the tested hypotheses revealed a signi icant moderate relationship between self-care practices and employees' burnout. Also, a signi icant relationship was established between occupational stress and burnout of selected security personnel. While a signi icant in luence of both self- care practices and occupational stress on employees' burnout was established with an R of2 0.632, which presupposes that 63.2% of the variance in security's burnout was as a result of self-care and employee stress. Consequently, this study concludes that security personnel should ensure they draw up workplace stressors and acquaint themselves with relevant coping strategies to lessening the stressors. Also, the University Management through its security unit should create an enabling working environment, suitable and lexible work-duty schedules, an employees' wellness programme, and an appropriate stress reduction awareness.
Keywords: Self-care, Stress, Occupation, Burnout, University, Security
75 2019/LASURF/D/030 Organisational Justice as Determinant of Organisational Commitment among Academic Staff of Public Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State A.R. Bankole Department of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management,Lagos State University, Ojo. Lagos. Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract This study examined the in luence of organisational justice on the job commitment of academic staff in public tertiary institutions, using Ogun State as a point of reference. Survey research design was adopted, and purposive sampling method was employed to select three hundred respondents from three randomly selected public tertiary institutions in Ogun State. Three hypotheses were tested using multiple regression and ANOVA at 0.05 level of signi icance. The indings showed signi icant joint in luence of organisational justice on academic staff commitment R=0.684 & Adjusted R=0.459.2 also, there was signi icant relative in luence of each of the components of organisational justice (distributive, procedural, informational and interactional justices) on job commitment of academic staff. Distributive β=.203, t=3.227, p<0.05; procedural β=.284, t=4.720, p<0.05; informational β=.227, t=3.522 p<0.05; interactional β=.127, t=2.104, p<0.05. the procedural justice emerged as the most potent predictor of organisational commitment among academic staff of the three selected public tertiary institutions (β=.284, t=4.720, p<0.05). Based on the indings, it was recommended among other things that government being represented by the management of the institutions should be more careful when taking decisions on certain issues that pertain to career growth (e.g. promotion) and welfare package of the academic staff.
Keywords: Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Informational Justice, Interactional Justice, Public Tertiary Institutions.
2019/LASURF/D/031 Innovative Policy, Food Security and Rural Development in Nigeria Omoniyi V. Ajulor and Emmanuel E. Etim Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University Abstract Understanding the role of innovation in enhancing food security and rural development in Nigeria has become increasingly important, especially in our world today, where innovation holds the potential to address a good number of social and human challenges such as: food insecurity, poverty, hunger, and underdevelopment. This spans from the demand for productivity to sustainable development which will improve standards of living, especially in the rural communities. This paper interrogates innovative policy, food security and rural development in Nigeria. The paper is qualitative in nature and relies majorly on secondary data sources. The indings revealed that rural communities in Nigeria are yet to enjoy a fair distribution of research and development (R&D) allocations, investment and technical personnel which are vital in sound innovative policy. The study concludes that innovation is a powerful policy tool which is needed to ensure food security and enhance rapid development of rural communities in the country. The study recommends, amongst others, that there should be fair distribution of R&D allocations, investments and technical personnel in rural areas. Also, the rural communities should be sensitized in the application of innovations like contour plowing, terraces building and modern crop rotation. These are policy issues that will impact the vast population of rural dwellers to enhance agriculture, food security and sustainable development.
Keywords: Development, Food Security, Innovation, Poverty, Rural Dwellers.
76 2019/LASURF/D/032 Time Management: An Indispensable Leadership Tool for Attaining Goals in The Nigerian Public Organizations
1Francis Friday, Nchuchuwe, 2Omoniyi Victor, Ajulor andIbik3 unle Busayo Qazeem 1,2* Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract One of the veritable tools of a leader to achieve goals of organization is, time. People's productivity and organizations´ performance are heavily related to their time usage. Therefore, leaders should have conscious awareness towards their time personality. What have remained challenges in public organizations in Nigeria is how a leader manages his time. Some individuals have occupied leadership positions without possessing at least one of the leadership skills and training, a reason why many of them face challenges in the area of time management. Thus, this study focuses on time management as an indispensable leadership tool for attaining goals in Nigerian public organizations. This study adopts qualitative techniques, it reviews previous ield works and theories, materials were also gathered from the internet, journals and textbooks. It therefore reveals that many public organizations failed not because the expected resources are not available, but the kind of leader that possesses quality of leadership skills especially in terms of time management, are not in position. This study therefore suggests some tips to manage time and to appear as a good leader in the public organizations. Among other tips, a prioritized and organizing daily work plan or schedule is suggested for public organizations.
Keywords: Goals, Leadership, Management, Public organization, Time management.
2019/LASURF/D/033 Balanced Scorecard and Public Sector Performance in Nigeria: The Experience of Lagos State Omoniyi V. Ajulor, Friday F. Nchuchuwe, Ciril Osawe, Busayo Q. Ibikunle and Emmanuel E. Ettim Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract This study seeks to examine the impact of balanced scorecard on public sector performance in Nigeria: the experience of Lagos State. Effective performance in an organization demands a tactical measurement framework. This can only be achieved with the deployment of balanced scorecard technique as a measuring index. This method of measuring performance is applicable to both public and private sector organizations. The study relies on secondary data with content analysis of books, journals, internet source and other relevant materials. The study inds out that the use of balanced scorecard in the public sector organizations improves their performance by translating the organization's
77 It enhances decision making and accountability, promotes feedback mechanism, encourages learning and promotes cooperation among the different segments of the public sectors. It has been deployed in the health Sector in Lagos State and certain level of performance has been achieved. The study further revealed that the use of balanced scorecard in the public service is faced with challenges such as: multiple span of control, lack of clear objective in the public sector and absence of automation to record and articulate the feelings of the people on public service performance. The study concludes by recommending that there should be a clari ication of organization's objectives, constant training and meeting of the stakeholders on strategic mapping and improving the usage of information technology in data management. If these are done it will go a long way to improve the public service performance and lead to effective and ef icient delivery of service and in turn increase the standard of living of the people Lagos State.
Keywords: Public Sector, Performance, Scorecard, Service, Feedback
2019/LASURF/D/034 Funding of University Education for Sustainable Development in Lagos State: The Way Forward Olawole, Olaniyi Joseph., Shittu,1 Taofeek Olawale 2and Idowu, O. Kehinde 3 Department of Educational Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria 1,2&3 E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract This study examined funding of university education for sustainable development in Lagos State. Funding is the survival of any formal organisation including university education in Nigeria. University Education is essential for socio-political, economic, scienti ic, technological and development. The problem attributed to unsustainable funding of university education was due to inconsistent of government policy, inadequate TETfund intervention and poor budget allocation to education every iscal year. The study concluded that government should recognize universities education as public goods and encourage all stakeholders in education which include non-governmental agencies, educational philanthropists and the organisedprivate sector to subsidize the system. It is recommended amongst others that there should be alternative means of improving funding of university education in Nigeria.
Keywords: Funding, Education, Sustainable and Development
2019/LASURF/D/035 VIBEZ: A Campus TV Series Tunji Azeez1 and Emmanuel Uduma 2 1Department of Theatre Arts & Music, Faculty of Arts Lagos State University, Lagos. 2SMAT Media Production, Lagos. E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Introduction: The creative space is one that is rapidly evolving not only in the way stories are told but also how these stories are brought to life via a production process. It then becomes important to ind ways to prepare undergraduates for the realities ahead of them.
78 Why a television drama series? Story, it has been said, is the currency of life and it still remains the best tool for behaviour change communication as it is a potent form to deliver entertainment. It is also important that there is currently no student-focused drama series being made in Nigeria and, indeed, West Africa. This makes the project not only economically viable but also important in the efforts of the society to empower the youths. Methodology: Lagos State University is partnering with SMAT Media to produce this campus series by providing total and uninhibited access to the entire campus grounds as well as infrastructure and facilities required to enrich the production. The Higher Learning project is designed to be a creative hybrid learning ecosystem that will undergraduate as part of the production process from development to principal photography and all the way to marketing and distribution of the inished content. Core bene its of the content to society: The process will have practicing professionals work closely with students in a creative mentorship space. This way, the students learn usable hands-on production and entrepreneurial skill that will ensure that they are assimilated into the creative industry market as actors, scriptwriters, cinematographers, costumiers, makeup artists, special effects experts, ilm marketers and distributors etc. These young people will become agents of change in Nollywood.
Keywords: Television series, Entrepreneurial skills, Students, Empowerment, Nollywood, Filmmaking, Training
2019/LASURF/D/036 Thinking Development? Think Theatre for Development Tunji Azeez Department of Theatre Arts & Music, Faculty of Arts Lagos State University, Lagos. E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Every society is constantly solving one problem or the other no matter how economically, technologically and politically developed they may be. While some problems and challenges require policy formulation, economic or military intervention, it is unknown to many that the theatre can be used to address all social problems. As Nigeria is grappling with insecurity, unemployment, banditry, cultism, drug abuse, migration, corruption, lawlessness and many others, there is a type of theatre purposively designed to interrogate these problems and proffer solutions to them. Interestingly, this developmental theatre is not new to the advanced world from where it originated nor is it new to us in Nigeria. It has been used for decades but without appreciable promotion by practitioners who focus on foreign bodies for grants. It is time, therefore, that governments, corporate bodies and individuals come to understand the place of this theatre in developmental processes. Beyond entertainment, this form of Applied Theatre has been used to effect positive changes in many communities. Our track record: The Department of Theatre Arts and Music, LASU, for eighteen (18) years, has used this theatre to solve many problems in all the divisions of Lagos state; it has made impact in Gayingbo, Badagry, Eredo, Of in Ile, Ibeju Lekki, Ikeja, Ojo, Irewe, Ojodu, Gbethrome, Itogbesa, Ojota, and Irewe. Methodology: Theatre for Development has two main approaches, (1) The Homestead Approach and (2) the Migrant Approach. In one, the facilitators live with the people to know them and carry out research about them and their challenges, while in the other they go into communities mainly to conduct research and return to their base daily. Whatever data gathered from either approach become materials for engaging dramas of about the people's lived experiences.
79 Findings: At the end of the dramas, the people are engaged to proffer solutions to their problems. In all the cases, success was recorded. No community was left with the problems that were identi ied as the people themselves proffer solutions to their problems based on the factualness of the dramas, which, in the irst place, they contributed to creating through the information that our research team and facilitators got from them. Keywords: Development, Theatre for Development, Problem, Nigeria, Lagos State University
2019/LASURF/D/037 Effects of Innovation on Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in a Nigerian University Badejo, A. O. and Korede, D. O. Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos-Nigeria Abstract Entrepreneurial intention is the desire, urge or proclivity to start a new business or improve the existing one. It is an absolute commitment and drive to start a new venture now or in the future. The near absence of entrepreneurial intention among students in Nigerian universities exposes the country to several challenges such as social vices, psychological trauma and ultimately gross unemployment. One of the strategies for enhancing entrepreneurial intention among students in Nigerian universities is a psychological therapy known as innovation. This paper, therefore, examined effects of innovation on entrepreneurial intention of students in a Nigerian university. One research question and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the research. The sample consisted of one hundred and thirty (130) students randomly selected from Lagos State University (LASU). A 20-item questionnaire titled Innovation and Entrepreneurial Intention Scale (IEIS) was designed for data collection. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coef icient of the instrument stood at 0.89. The study adopted the descriptive survey design to seek information. Data analysis was carried out with the use of simple percentages, t-test and ANOVA. Results showed that there is a signi icant effect of Innovation on Entrepreneurial Intention of students in a Nigerian University. The results also revealed that their entrepreneurial intention is not gender based, neither is it depended on their course of study. Therefore, to enhance entrepreneurial intention of these students, courses on innovation, creativity and entrepreneurial education should be included in the university curriculum as general courses. This will in turn lead to overall national development.
Keywords: Innovation, Entrepreneurial Intention, University students
2019/LASURF/D/038 Integrated Reporting and Disclosure Practices in the Manufacturing Industry of Nigeria Ajagun, Olusegun Peter
Abstract This study is on a conceivable integrated reporting (CIR) and disclosure practices in the
80 Manufacturing Industry of Nigeria. The primary objective of this study was to examine the concept, aims and bene its of integrated reporting and also the present-day situation of integrated marketing. The research was made using exploratory design. Data was obtained via related literature on the internet. The indings show that though integrated reporting provides detailed information, however, manufacturing companies in Nigeria are yet to comply or adopt this reporting system. The paper concluded that, IR has emerged as a tool to clearly assess the correct strategy for becoming successful. Success, though a subjective aim, has been reshaped over the years in the light of changing market conditions among others; it could be argued that sustainability and ability to create value are leading factors for success. IR has the suitable philosophy embedded which can enable the capabilities of businesses to successfully communicate with external stakeholders, who progressively demand that companies are to apply and improve sustainable and responsible actions. Additionally, IR will increase customer and employee loyalty that can possibly cause additional inancing opportunities. It was equally recommended that in as much that IR truly providing good information to their end users as such, organization are required to embrace integrated Reporting system.
Keywords: Integrated reporting, Marketing, Organisations
2019/LASURF/D/039 Insecurity of Title to Land in Lagos State: Suggestions for Reform. Gbenga Ojo Department of Private and Public Law, Faculty of Law Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The central thrust of this paper is on insecurity of title to land in Lagos State and the need to overhaul the existing legal regime or governance of land tenure system in the state and provide suggestion for reform. The methodology adopted is doctrinal using primary and secondary sources to identify the problems and proffer solution. Presently, the position of land transaction in the State is chaotic. Lawlessness, violence, murder, arson, wanton destruction of properties are regular fall outs of dispute arising from dispute over land transactions. This is as a result of multiple sales one parcel of land to different purchasers by the land owning families. There is problem of acquisition of title to land by adverse possession. By adverse possession, a trespasser/squatter on account of being in possession of the land for 12 years without the consent of the real owner, would have his trespass turn to ownership of the land and the title of the real owner extinguished. This is legislative endorsement of land theft. The government has been very active and responsive to solve the problems with various legislations like Land Registration Law of 2015 dealing with registration of instruments and Titles to land and Property Law of 2016 popularly called Land Grabbers Law. Even the promulgation of the Land Use Act with high expectations also failed to achieve the desired result. This paper proffers the following suggestions: This paper calls for mandatory registration of all pending litigations over title to land to serve as notice to the public. This will stop insecurity of title to land caused by lis pendens. Acquisition of title to land by adverse possession also needs total overhauling. Recently the government set up Task Force on Land Grabbing in the Ministry of Justice. This cannot work. The solution is for the government to set up a Commission. The punishment for those convicted should be minimum of 10 years imprisonment with no option of ine. Finally, and this is fundamental, all land in the state must be titled. The paper concludes that, if the suggested solutions are properly coordinated and implemented, insecurity of title to land in the state will be reduced to the barest minimum.
Keywords: Land title, Security of title, reforms
81 2019/LASURF/D/040 Making an Exotic World from a Familiar World: An Examination of Awuhum and Moro Speech Communities. Bello, Oluwaseun Rachael Department of English Faculty of Arts of LASU Email:[email protected]
Abstract There is no end to describing what constitutes humans' in-groups. Consequently, a speech community displays distinct practices, values, norms and ideologies based on their language, members with whom they interact and the environment wherein they live. These variables, most often than not, determine how the language of a people is structured, planned, used, and developed. Using Hudson's (1996) three types of world, I examine two distinct speech communities to determine whether they are imaginary, real but exotic, or familiar. The two speech groups are the Awhum community in Enugu and the Moro Community of Ogun both in Nigeria. It was discovered that due to less contact with outer-groups, the languages of both communities studied lack accelerated dynamism, linguistic corruption and expanded varieties.
Keywords: Language, Speech communities, ideologies, values.
2019/LASURF/D/041 International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS) Adoption in the Nigerian Public Sector: A Case Study of Tertiary Institutions In Lagos State Bolarinwa, Sehilat Abike Department of Accounting, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The need for uniformity, transparency and credibility of public sector inancial report has called for the adoption of international public sector accounting standards in Nigeria. The study examined the impact of IPSAS on inancial reporting quality of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study mainly focused on ive (5) government tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. Survey design was used. Primary source of data was used through administration of questionnaires and interview conducted to the account of icers of the tertiary institutions concerned in Lagos State. Simple linear regression was used to analyse the data gathered with the aid of SPSS version 20 software. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested and the indings revealed that IPSAS awareness and adoption have positive and signi icant impact on inancial reporting quality of the tertiary institutions. The study concludes that IPSAS awareness and adoption improves the inancial reporting quality of the tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. However, it was con irmed that full adoption has not been achieved by the tertiary institutions in Lagos State. The study recommends among others that more workshops, seminars and training on IPSAS standards should be organized for the accounting and auditing staff of tertiary institution to improve their skills which will enhance the inancial reporting quality.
Keywords: Adoption, Awareness, Uniformity, Comparability, Financial Reporting Quality .
82 Poster Presentation Abstracts
2019/LASURF/P/001 Cerebral Senile plaques and neuro ibrillary tangles in childhood hydrocephalus: Is there a signi icant relationship between these proteins and severity of hydrocephalus? Soyemi, S.S,1 Idowu, O.E, 2Faduyile, F.A, 1Obafunwa, J.O 1 1Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine. Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Email:[email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Senile plaques (also called Alzheimer's plaques) and NFTs are thought to contribute to the degradation of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. Neuronal loss, SPs and NFTs have been noted in cortical brain biopsies of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. A relationship may exist between extent of ventricular dilation in childhood hydrocephalus and the 2 kinds of SPs (diffuse amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neuritic plaques), NFTs, neuronal density and levels of Aβ in the CSF. The goal of this study is to demonstrate whether there is a signi icant relationship between severity of hydrocephalus and brain SPs/NFTs and CSF Aβ. We hypothesize that this relationship if it exists, would be more signi icant for patients with Congenital Hydrocephalus than for Acquired Hydrocephalus. Objective: The goal of this study is to demonstrate whether there is a signi icant relationship between cerebral senile plaques (SPs)/neuro ibrillary tangles (NFTs), cerebrospinal luid (CSF) amyloid-beta (Aβ) and the severity of childhood hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: Fifty diagnosed children <5 years would undergo clinical and neuroimaging (including ventricular measurement) evaluations. Brain and CSF samples would be taken during therapeutic ventriculostomy from the frontal lobe (Brodmann area 8). The brain specimens will be immediately ixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde. Sections will be stained with haematoxylin and eosin and the modi ied Bielschowsky method. All sections will be immunostained with monoclonal antibody NCL-β-amyloid (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK) for β-amyloid peptide. Senile plaques will be counted using a 10×objective ( ield size, 2.35 mm2). A 20× objective ( ield size, 0.586 mm2) will be used to count for neuronal density, SPs and NFTs. An arithmetic mean would then be calculated from the count of the 5 most involved ields for these proteins. The human Aβ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Invitrogen) will be used to measure Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in CSF. The differences in demographic characteristics, ventricular measurement, SPs, NFTs and Aβ levels between the groups will be assessed with two-tailed independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi- square test. Spearman correlation analyses will be used to examine the correlations between ventricular measurements and the Aβ levels. The data will be expressed as the mean± standard deviation (SD). All hypothesis testing will be two-sided, and p< 0.05 de ined as statistically signi icant. The computations will be performed with SPSS version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results/conclusion: If such a relationship can be demonstrated, then therapies aimed at restoring normal CSF dynamics may be monitored using CSF biomarkers.
83 Keywords: Hydrocephalus, Cerebro-spinal luid, Cerebral senile plaques
2019/LASURF/P/002 Effect of Chronic Exposure to Crude Oil on Sperm DNA and Sperm Movement Characteristics Bamiro, Saka A.,Elias, Simiat O. and Ajonuma, Louis C. Department of Physiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja,Lagos Email:[email protected]
Abstract Background:Crude oil is an environmental toxicant with adverse effect on sperm. However, literature is sparse on its effect sperm functions. Aim:This study is designed to evaluate the effect of crude oil on sperm movement characteristics, sperm DNA integrity, oxidative stress and sperm count. Method: 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g were divided into groups (A, B, C, D, E) of 5 rats each. Group A was the Control while Groups B, C, D and E were the test groups. The control received orally, 0.5mls of normal saline daily while Groups B, C, D and E were given 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight of Bonny light crude oil daily respectively for 6 weeks via oral gavage. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism Software Version 7. Results were expressed as mean±SEM.Signi icance is accepted at P=0.05. After six weeks caudal epididymal sperm was used for assessment of sperm DNA integrity, oxidative stress and sperm count and sperm motility characteristics. Sperm DNA integrity was assessed by aniline blue and acridine orange staining.Oxidative stress was assessed by nitroblue tetrazonium (NBT) dye method. Results: The sperm motility velocities and count were reduced across test groups. There was severe DNA damage in the test groups. Oxidative stress also occurred in the sperm cells of the rats as indicated by presence of formazan. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that crude oil induced oxidative stress, sperm DNA damage, reduced sperm count and sperm motility velocities in rats. These indings contribute signi icantly to the mechanism of crude oil-induced infertility.
Keywords: Crude oil, sperm motility, sperm DNA
2019/LASURF/P/003 Case-Control Study of Growth Hormone Concentration and Alveolar Ridge Changes in Prosthetic Dentistry Olugbenga Adetokunbo Adenuga-Taiwo,1 Adeyemi Oluwaseun Dada, Olu2 wole Adedeji 2 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos State Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) plays a signi icant role in the repair and development of human body. It stimulates periosteal apposition through the action of osteoblasts and indirectly through the forces on the muscles regulated by growth factors. Following the extraction of teeth, the residual alveolar ridge undergoes bone remodelling with consequence of reduction in the size of the alveolar ridge due to localised periosteal osteoclastic resorption accompanied by endosteal bone formation. The study aimed to examine the relationship of GH with alveolar ridge resorption classi ication as de ined by the arch size, arch form, ridge
84 contour and any ridge defects as it relates to rosthetic dentistry. Methods and Materials. Eighty patients were selected for the study from the Dental clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethics committee. Following tooth extraction, residual alveolar ridge was measured using calibrated ruler and calliper. The human GH was measured using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Median GH concentration was obtained and compared with the control subjects. Statistical data and analysis were done using the SPSS IBM 23 package. Results: The median GH-value for the controls was 1.14ng/ml (0.70, 1.91) as compared with 0.89ng/ml (0.69, 1.40),= 0.31. The median GH concentrations for arch size were: large (ideal for retention and stability of dentures) was 0.71ng/ml (0.57, 0.89); medium size (good for retention and stability of dentures) was 1.06ng/ml (0.77, 1.61); small size (dif icult to achieve good retention and stability) was 0.9ng/ml (0.54, 1.48) = 0.07. The median GH values for the arch forms Ovoid was 0.84ng/ml (0.64, 1.09); Square 0.94ng/ml (0.68, 1.75) and Tapering 1.02ng/ml (0.74, 1.53) = 0.82. The ridge contour classi ication was divided into lat (median GH value of 0.94ng/ml (0.66, 1.80); high (median GH-value 0.89ng/ml (0.70, 1.39) and knife- edge (median GH-value 0.89(0.73, 1.25) = 0.98. There was no ridge defect in 34 participants with median GH of 0.89ng/ml (0.67, 1.44) while one participant each had torus palatinus, hyperplastic, labby and exostosis ridge defect. Conclusion: There was no signi icant GH change between the subjects and the controls with no concurrent statistically signi icant change in the effect of GH on alveolar bone ridge resorption in term of arch size, arch form and contour. This is useful and essential in prosthetic dentistry to understand that GH concentration did not change signi icantly in relation to the retention, support and stability of dentures in the mouth.
Keywords: Growth hormone, Residual alveolar ridge, Ridge contour classi ication
2019/LASURF/P/004 Research, Innovation and Economic Development: The Nigerian Experience Olohunlana, S.D. 1 Tiamiyu, I.B.,2 Akinmusere, V. O.,3 and Olohunlana, A.O4 1,2,3Dept. of Economics, Lagos State University, and 4Dept. of Economics, University of Lagos E-mail:[email protected] Abstract Innovation is very germane for the economic development of any nation. This paper will examine the degree of innovation in each of the sectors and how it as contributed to its growth; the laws in the legal framework of the protection of innovators in Nigeria; investigate factors inhibiting technological innovation Nigeria.This study intends to do a critical review of existing literature on the role of patent law on research and innovation in Nigeria. It will also critically evaluate the overall level of innovation and technology in Nigeria, examine how strong or weak the patent laws in Nigeria are, and factors posturing challenges to innovation in Nigeria such as human capital, institutional framework, sophisticated business community and innovation/research infrastructure. This paper is expected to proffer policy recommendations that will inform government of policy initiatives that would address the challenges in technological innovations, the need for amendment of patent law, establishment of modern research facilities and human capital development.
85 Keywords: Research, Innovation, Economic Development, Patent law, Nigeria.
2019/LASURF/P/005 TheStrategies of Research and Innovation on Economic Competitiveness and Industrial Growth in Nigeria S.D Olohunlana, 1 A.O Olohunlana 2 Q.B. Rasaq, 3 and S.OAbdulazeez,4 1,3,4Dept. of Economics, Lagos State University, and 2Dept. of Economics, University of Lagos E-mail:[email protected] Abstract One of the foremost unrealized opportunities in Nigerian industrial organizations is the full effect of research ideas and knowledge to transmute business products and processes into long-term innovation. This study seeks to critically examine from existing literature the signi icant of business research and innovation and improvement in enterprise productivity and quality and the integral components of business strategy and success. This study is expected to highlight the massive bene its of continual research and innovation on Nigerian economyand offer recommendations on how Nigeria could key into the discussed concept to promote its economic competitiveness at the global level.
Keywords: Industrial Growth, Economic Competitiveness, Research and Innovation Strategies, Nigeria.
2019/LASURF/P/006 Prediction of hypertensive disease in pregnancy using amyloid concentration in urine: A pilot study Gbadegesin A,1 Sobande AA, 1Adedeji OO, A2debanjo AA 3 Agbara JO 1and Ogunbamowo.O 4 1Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2Department of Chemical Pathology,Medical4 Research Laboratory of Lagos State University College of Medicine,Lagos3 State University Teaching HospitalIkeja, Lagos
Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between the concentration of amyloid in urine of pregnant women and hypertensive disease during pregnancy Study design: Prospective observational study Materials and Methods: Twenty-six (26) normotensive patients were randomly selected in the antenatal clinic and urine samples collected from them before 20 weeks gestation. Samples were sent to the laboratory at LASUTH where they were prepared and subsequently subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for absorbance and percentage transmittance. A known concentration of amyloid was prepared, and its absorbance/transmittance was obtained, and a graph was generated to calculate the concentration of amyloid in the urine samples. Patients were followed up throughout pregnancy and outcomes recorded. The patients were divided into three groups according to the concentration of amyloid in the urine i.e. group 1 (0-30), group 2 (31-59) and group 3, >60. A two tailed independent Students T test was used to compare the mean in the amyloid in women who had no complications and women who developed hypertension during pregnancy. Pearson's Chi-square for trend was used to assess the relationship between rising levels of amyloid concentration in urine and complications in pregnancy Results: The mean age, parity and gestational age at booking were 28.8 years, 1.30 and 16.8
86 weeks respectively. Of the 26 patients, 18(69.2%) had normal pregnancies without complications and the mean amyloid concentration was 29.77ppm while 8(30.8%) had pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disease with a mean amyloid concentration of 45.0ppm. However, this is not statistically signi icant, (p>0.05). Eleven(11) out of 14(78.5%) patients with low amyloid concentration (0-30) ended up with normal pregnancies, 3 (21.5%) had pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disease. At the same time 1 out of 4 patients (25%) with high levels(>60) of amyloid ended up with normal pregnancy while 3 (75%) patients had hypertensive disease. Again, this was not statistically signi icant, (p>0.05) Using chi square analysis, a trend was found in the rising level of urinary amyloid and occurrence of hypertensive disease in pregnancy, but this did not reach statistical signi icance (p<0.05(0.082). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated that presence of amyloid in the urine of pregnant women may not predict if they would develop hypertensive disease in this setting. However, rising levels of amyloid concentration in the urine may be predictive. A larger, more robust longitudinal study is advocated.
Keywords: Amyloid, Hypertensive disease, Pregnancy, Urine, Prediction
2019/LASURF/P/007 Determinants of Students' Adoption of Bicycle Commuting on Campus: A Case of Lagos State University, Ojo. Fatai A Yakeen School of Transport, Lagos State University, Ojo
Abstract One of the most serious challenges facing the global human population today is climate change arising from emission of greenhouse gases and CO2. These pollutants emanate from the burning of fossil fuels partly by motorized transportation modes. Unlike motorized travel modes, cycling mitigates the negative effects of transportation activities and provides health bene its through increased physical activities. Globally, transport researchers and planners have advocated for the adoption of sustainable travel modes such as cycling and as such the University community has a role in promoting cycling on campus especially among students. This study investigates the factors in luencing students' adoption of bicycle commuting on Lagos State University, Ojo campus. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to explain students' behavioural intention towards cycling on campus. The data collection was done using questionnaire survey, while the data analysis was done using structural equation modeling. The measurement and structural models were based on TPB constructs viz: attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. The indings from this study may provide useful indicator to transport planning units, management and authorities of Universities on what can be done to increase bike use for commuting on campus.
Keywords: Bicycle, Commuting, Greenhouse gases, Adoption, Students.
2019/LASURF/P/008 Reactive Localised Hyperplasias of the Oral Cavity: Clinicopathologic Review of Cases in a Nigerian Tertiary Centre. Adeola Ladeji,1 Mofoluwaso Olajide, 1Kehinde Adebiyi, 1Aderonke Abah,1 Olufemi Adesina,1 Ismael Abayomi 2 1Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria.
87 2Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja, Nigeria E-mail address:[email protected] Abstract Objective: This study aims to determine the demographics and histopathologic characteristics of reactive in lammatory oral mucosa hyperplastic lesions seen in our tertiary centre over a period of 6 years (2013 to 2018). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study design, in which, records from the archives of the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine over a period of 6years (2013 to 2018) were reviewed. Details of the histologic type of reactive lesion, age, sex and site were retrieved and recorded on data forms. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Results: Mean age was 37.7±19.37years. The prevalence of reactive localized hyperplasias (RLOH) in our study was 9.3% of all oral and maxillofacial biopsies. The most common lesion was pyogenic granuloma (64%). These lesions were more frequent in women (61.3%) than men (38.7%). The most common site of involvement was the mandibular gingivae (44%), and lesions were most common in the 21-30 years' age group. Conclusion: The indings of this study are comparable to similar studies, but few differences were observed in studies from some non- African populations. The knowledge of the frequency and distribution of these lesions in this environment is useful in clinical practice for establishing diagnosis and also serves as a guide in focusing preventive oral public health programmes.
Keywords: Reactive hyperplasia, Peripheral giant cell granuloma, Pyogenic granuloma, Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia, Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma, Oral mucosa.
2019/LASURF/P/009 Time-Frequency Varying Pricing of Systematic External Risk in Nigerian Oil and Gas Companies Ajibola Arewa Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo
Abstract This study aims to disentangle the pricing of externally pre-speci ied risk factor on short- and long-run scales for Nigerian oil and gas companies over the period January 1980 to December 2018. In this regard, time-frequency method that captures heterogeneous information, which is unexploited in the traditional pricing models, is employed in this study to account for the heterogeneous co-movements between world oil-price risk and average return. Different from existing studies, the wavelet partial coherency is used to control for the effects of other external sensitivities. The results of this study indicate that heterogeneous pricing of oil systematic risk is valid for both short- and long-run cycles. However, the period of oil glut of early 1980s and oil price crashes of 2014 witness a very weak correlation, since investors were no longer rewarded like the period of oil boom that transient between 1999 to 2008. I identi ied synonymous pricing identi ication with strong correlation in both short- and long- run horizons for some stocks during the boom period, which makes arbitraging strategy impossible for any investors trading with the stocks of the oil companies. Nevertheless, there are signals of arbitraging as the frequency and the dependency between risk and return change with time. Furthermore, during the boom, risk leads return both in the short- and long- run scales, while in the crash period return leads risk in the short-run, and then lags risk in the long run frequency. Thus, I conclude that risk is a strong predicting factor of return over time and frequency domains. Investors, institutional or private, are rewarded for assuming systematic risk. Finally, traditional pricing models truly missed important information that
88 can be explained with CWC technique adopted in this study.
Keywords: Oil and gas companies, Risk, Pricing
2019/LASURF/P/010 Five Hundred Metre Walk, Keep Fit Exercise and Traf ic Congestion in Lagos Tunde Owolabi and Onyewuchi Francis Alusiaka Faculty of Education, Lagos State University Abstract The non-designation of bus service stations perhaps constituted the greatest bottleneck to ease of traf ic in Lagos. Theoretically this study aimed at decongesting the traf ic, encouraging exercise in order to promote healthy living among inhabitants of Lagos. The study will employ a causal comparative design to investigate the possible cause and effect relationship between present and preferred designation of bus stations, sedentary lifestyle of Lagosians, 500 metres walk per Bus Station and effects on the health of subjects. Population will include all residents in Amuwo Odo in, Ojo and Badagry Local Governments of Lagos State. Samples will be drawn from these Local Government Areas by Simple Random Sampling Technique. Research instruments will include: observation schedule, interview protocols and health status questionnaire. Data will be analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data will be analysed through narrative and grounded theory.
Keywords: Exercise, itness, health
2019/LASURF/P/011 Development and Validation of Multiple Intelligence Vocational Choice Inventory for Secondary School Students. Tunde Owolabi, Moses Akanbi, Gbenga Akindoju, Rasheed Sanni and Hakeem Akintoye Lagos State University
Abstract The choice of a career is one of the most important choices any student will make in school. This study aimed at developing an instrument that will identify intellectual endowment of students and match correctly with appropriate vocations in order to predict correctly students' aptitudes. The conceptual and theoretical base of this study is pivoted on Howard Gardners' (1999) theory of Multiple Intelligence which identi ied nine types of intelligences: mathematical- logical, spatial- visual, bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, verbal-linguistic, interpersonal, intra-personal, existentialism and naturalistic process of developing this instrument will be in phases: Phase 1: Design of a Multiple Intelligence Vocational test. Phase 2: Carrying out an analysis of the inherent skills in the various Professions. Phase 3: Producing glossary of intellectual skills from phase 2 Phase 4: Administration of MI test Phase 5: Matching of intellectual capacity with vocational skills for prediction of most likely profession. This instrument when inalized will arrest the shortage of and enhance guidance and
89 counseling prospects. It will also ensure students are self-ful illed in their choice of subjects.
Keywords: Validation, Career-choice, Multiple intelligence vocational choice inventory
2019/LASURF/P/012 Literature and Youth Development in selected African feminists Texts Odewumi Joy O. Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts, Lagos State University, Ojo. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Literature educates, entertains, informs and place young people in an equilibrium scale worldwide. Literature is the vehicle to open mindedness and fast assimilation and comprehension of people, places, things, core and mundane foreign heritages amongst other cogent values. Every book is a literature of some sort that exposes the readers to either scienti ic or artistic information. This research is qualitative. Three African feminist text will be used as background of this study, namely: “So long a letter” by Mariama Ba, for tenacity of purpose, discipline, friendship, tolerance, great family values, ilial duties and respect.” I no fear Boko Haram “by Akachi Adimora- Ezeigbo for intelligence, foresight, tourism, being loquacious, the effect of insecurity and terrorism on the populace and Alifa Rifaat Distant view of a Minaret and other stories, where” An incident in the Ghobashi Household” is selected for outstanding family values,sleightness in overt religious judgmental communities, discipline, youthful exuberance, consequences of being wayward and indiscipline. Literary works are not judgmental. They present a balanced assessment of characters and situation from the writers' point of view, for a pragmatic and germane assessment by the readers. This paper therefore posit that literary text will be of immense bene it to young adult in every society due to its therapeutic, dynamic, time-saving, speeding up time, leet accessibility of facts and igures of diverse people, culture, wisdom accumulation and ful ilment which serves as a great panacea for youth development, due to its immeasurable vivid qualities.
Keywords: Literature, youth development, African feminists' texts.
2019/LASURF/P/013 Intentional Ambiguity and Vagueness in News Rendering: A Research Survey Faleye O.H, Enikuomehin, A.O, Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract Fake news emergence has been propelled by the continuously reliance on the new media, internet-basedmedia platforms including blogs, as a source of information especially in the political domain in particular and democratic process as a whole. This quest has given chance to the in lux of deliberate level of misinformation conveyed by language vagueness, concept incompleteness, ambiguity and incorrectness. All these news rendering variables for impreciseness are the bases of fake news. In this work we carried out a survey to reviews the extent of these variables in fake news propagation. We adopted the concept of fake knowledge, linguistic placement and writing styles in one end for categorizing the study, propagation patterns and credibility of the platform as another criterion. We reviewed, evaluated and summarized some fake news identi ied in the Nigeria 2015 general elections. The LeSiE (Lexical Structure, Simplicity, Emotion)framework was used to validate reported fake news. Using the factuality judgement on six level scale for the selected papers, it was observed that
90 spreaders of fake news intentional bypass many detection algorithm by carefully choosing confusing words with high level of ambiguity, vagueness or incompleteness.
Keywords: Fake news, Broadcast, Ambiguity
2019/LASURF/P/014 Implementing LSTM for Emotion Detection using Natural Language Processing (NLP) Toolkit Odugbesan, I.O., Enikuomehin, A.O., Julius Onagwu, Mustapha O., Kanu O. Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract Emotion modeling and its several corresponding applications continues to draw attention in many domains as these models are now implemented in solving complex man-mind related problems. Emotion is an integral part of human interaction as every individual exhibit a form of emotion at one point or the other. It may be expressed by triad; person's speech, facial expression and written text generally referred to as speech, facial and text-based emotions. Reports of existing research con irms that many interpretations of human facial expression, as a determinant of how a person feels, has largely not been correct. Coincidentally, natural language processing (NLP) techniques have been severally reported as an effective method for detecting emotion. The Natural Language Processing (NLP) domain is a tract of Arti icial Intelligence and Linguistics research with several successful applications across many domains. Ranging from text analysis, machine translation, summarization, linguistic evolution and discourse analysis amongst others. This work proposes a technique for effective interpretation of human emotion using NLP toolkit. This will help in many domains including areas of criminal. We identify the seven states of emotions; (neutral, joy, sadness, surprise, anger, fear, disgust)and presents a model proper identi ication of emotions from facial expression. We identi ied the elementary subjects describing respective expressions for 16 subjects between the ages of 17 and 25 as contained in the C16 data set from the Yale Face B database using their mapped features over 9 poses and 64 illumination conditions. The common attributes were calculated using long short-term Memory . This is a special case of RNN. The results were able to validate earlier report of Donahue, J. et al. 2017with an accuracy score of 71.66%.
Keywords: Emotional modelling, Natural language processing, Tool kit
2019/LASURF/P/015 An improved approach to noise reduction in multidimensional documents Adeseye I.O, Enikuomehin A.O., Kanu O. K., Faleye H., Odugbesan I. Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract The continuous adaptation of computer processes in workplaces has led to evolving transformation of bound “hard” materials such as book, newspapers to soft copies commonly implemented by scanning. However, scanned documents have been very dif icult to retrieve largely due to textual noise contained in such documents. Textual noise is known for confusing search models thereby leading to poor retrieval performance. This is more pronounced when considering keyword or cluster-based retrieval. When the document is large, suppressing the
91 noise by elimination becomes dif icult as the manual processes fail and therefore, requires a continuous effective process that can automatically detect and suppress noise in a given retrieval scheme. This research presents an approach for noise minimization over document set using the “Bag of Word” technique for text terms bagging as an easier way of identifying noisy borders. We apply this technique to some test data of some lecture materials in Lagos State University over an adhoc retrieval scheme. Our result shows the technique minimized the noise ratio from 85% to 19% and the retrieval ef iciency was rated70%. User's satisfaction was more of “Appropriate” in all the 67 distinct documents retrieved. The approach will be expanded over a large data set and used as a convention to be built into the output systems of documents scanner.
Keywords: Noise minimization, Ef iciency, User's satisfaction
2019/LASURF/P/016 Resilient Propagation Algorithm Approach to Stock Price Variations Igbasan, B.C., Enikuomehin, O.A., Odunowo T.A. Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, OJo.
Abstract Introduction: The stock price prediction is one of the most important topics in inance and business. Though it is very hard to replace the role of experts, an accurate prediction algorithm can directly result in high pro it for investment companies. With the aid of an ef icient algorithm a direct relationship between the accuracy of the prediction algorithm and the pro it taken from the use of the algorithm can be indicated. Aim: The goal of this study is to develop an enhanced algorithm using Resilient approach for predicting price growth rate variations in stock market. Methodology: In this work a hybrid algorithm consisting of the Arti icial Neural Network (ANN) approach and the Resilient Propagation (RPROP) Algorithm was used to predict variations in stock market prices growth rate. Data was acquired from the open Nigeria Stock market data archive. Data was uni ied and cleansed before use within the design framework. The design parameters for the ANN model were customized and implemented over the data set. The performance was compared to the output of other models. Results: The neural network technique outperforms classical statistical approaches when deployed to compare the predictability of different markets using ANN and RPROP. The Autoregressive-Moving-Average (ARMAX) method, which is not an ANN but was used as comparison, was reportedly stable by up to 200-500% from the real value while the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) ANN had fewer error rates. Further useful observations are also being interpreted. Conclusion: Using ANN and RPROP as stock market algorithm will improve the prediction processes of price variations in stock markets.
Keywords: Stock price prediction, Arti icial Neural Network, Resilient Propagation Algorithm
2019/LASURF/P/017 An Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Enthymemes for Effective Machine Translation Odunowo, A.T., Enikuomehin, A.O. Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, OJO, Lagos Abstract Introduction: Reconstructing enthymemes is an important problem in argument understanding. Enthymeme reconstruction, the art of reformulating arguments with missing
92 propositions, has not been effective in argument classi ication and consequently, rhetorical Algorithms have yielded poor result. They cannot discover features, text orientation, intent and sentiments in enthymematic arguments. This has led to poor performance of enthymematic Natural language toolkits. Hence, generating new context of enthymematic data reconstruction will provide better and useable insight. Aim: The aim of this research is to build an experimental framework for enthymemes to enable appropriate tagging and effective classi ication and use such to determine its effectiveness in argumentation. Methodology: Manual annotation technique is used in this research to manually separate statements thatcontain an aspect (enthymemes) from ArguAna corpus of hotel reviews from TripAdvisor.com to know the opinion from the statements. A total of 162 reviews gave us 984 opinions. We then annotated each of the 984 opinions with a de ined conclusion. Manual annotation could be dif icult in extracting conclusion from some complex premise to form a complete argument. The linear SVM (Support Vector Machine) classi ier was used engaged to train and test data. Results: From the manually annotated data, 110 statements were explicit, 60 were neutral and the rest were implicit. The inter-rater reliability was calculated by means of Cohen's kappa statistics to be K=0.879). The mean F1-scores for the cross validation on different train sets and the F1-scores on the test set for both explicit and implicit opinions are Baseline; 0.73 0.88 0.67 0.92 0.41 Uni; 0.74 0.90 0.65 0.92 0.40; Uni +Bi; 0.75 0.90 0.70 0.94 0. Conclusion: The experimental framework shows that manual annotation of enthymeme data can provide better and useable insight than machine-based annotation.
Keywords: Reconstruction of Enthymemes, Machine Translation, Rhetorical Algorithms, Effectiveness, Walton's scheme on Syllogism.
2019/LASURF/P/018 Constraints on the Use of Pedestrian Bridges on Lagos- Ikorodu Expressway Joel Asaju Department of Transport Policy and Planning, Lagos State University Abstract Walking has been the dominant transport mode for many centuries in all countries. Before industrialisation took place, there were some alternatives such as riding of animals, horse drawn carriages and water transport, but walking must have been by far the most substantial transport mode. It is one means of movement that comes by instinct naturally, without involving any learning process. Pedestrian bridges however are structures made for allowing pedestrians to cross a street, road, highway without being exposed to the risks of vehicle accidents. It is one of the structures that remove pedestrians from vehicle roadway. This study examines the various constraints towards the use of pedestrian bridges along Lagos–Ikorodu expressway. Direct observation through reconnaissance survey was employed for the purpose of this research while G.P.S. was used to obtain the coordinate and pattern of distribution of pedestrian bridges on the corridor. Structured questionnaire was also used to obtain the perception of respondents on the constraints of the usage of the bridges. A total of 514 copies of questionnaire were administered using Yammane method of sample determination while stepwise regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The results showed that distance between the bridges, inconveniences, height of the bridges, poor lightings, lack of enforcement and time wasting are the major constraints faced by pedestrians. The study however recommended the provision of friendlier pedestrian bridges, more awareness campaigns in schools and public places on their usage, installation of
93 elevators to ease the usage and solar energy power to lighten up the bridges among others.
Keywords: Bridges, Highways, Movement, Pedestrian, Walking
2019/LASURF/P/019 Multi Pre-Processing Approach for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Computational Techniques: A Systematic Review Babafemi O. Macaulay and Boluwaji A. Akinnuwesi Department of Computer Sciences, Lagos State University Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer results when old and damaged cells in the breast failed to die, thus leading to the accumulation of unwanted cells in the breast. It is the cancer with the highest mortality among women. Basically, it is classi ied as benign and malignant. The risk factors for breast cancer are classi ied into modi iable and non-modi iable. Globally, breast cancer accounts for over 1.6% of deaths among women. Minimizing breast cancer mortality is possible through early diagnosis using computational methods. Aim: This research focuses on developing multi pre-processing model that improves the degree of accuracy of computational techniques in diagnosing breast cancer. It is further intended by this research to assess results obtained by computational techniques for statistical signi icance in order to help in making informed decision on breast cancer management. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles were selected from Google Scholar using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) algorithm. Selected articles evaluated several computational techniques using data sets that were pre-processed and those that were not pre-processed. Diagnosing breast cancer can be done using computational techniques, diagnostic imaging and clinical judgment based on medical acumen of doctors. Search terms included: diagnosis, breast cancer, computational techniques and feature selection/ pre-processing. Exclusions were based on diagnostic imaging, cervical cancer, leukaemia, lung cancer and diabetes. Result: Forty-sevenarticles met inclusion criteria, to which three textbooks were added to make a total of 50 reviewed papers. The most common computational techniques for diagnosing breast cancer identi ied are: support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), naïve bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbour (KNN), apriori, expectation maximization (EM), page bank, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), classi ication and regression tree (CART) and arti icial neural network (ANN). Conclusion: Our indings suggested that computational techniques give better results when datasets are pre-processed and that accuracy levels differ signi icantly among the techniques.
Key words: Breast Cancer, Computational Techniques, Diagnosis, Feature Selection, Pre- processing.
2019/LASURF/P/020 Measurements of the Discharge and Turn Around Time of Solid Waste Collection Vehicles in Lagos State Odewumi S.G School of Transport. Lagos state University, Ojo, Lagos E-mail: [email protected] Abstract
94 Solid waste management has become a major environmental concern globally. The problem, rather than abate, is increasing as the rate of population growth and urbanisation are increasing. Governments in Nigeria are trying various approaches to deal with this perennial issue. Three of the key factors that affect the ef iciency of solid waste managers and therefore the degree of cleanliness of urban centres are: The type of vehicles deployed, their discharge and turnaround times. This study measured the three variables in the solid waste collection operations of Lagos State. Forty discharge and turnaround times in minutes were obtained for all the various types of vehicles on two of the three operating Land ill sites in the state namely; Olusoshun- (the biggest) and Solous (the smallest). Statistical package for Social Sciences was used to analyse the data to obtain its descriptive statistics and graphics.The study revealed that the mammoth compactor is the fastest in discharge operation with average completion time of 5.53 minutes. Its slowest time ever was 7 minutes and the fastest time recorded for the sampling period was 3 minutes. The second fastest was the 15-ton tipper with an average time of 5.85 minutes. The other vehicles in decreasing order of speed are Dino, and smaller size trucks and pick-ups. The trip frequency of the various types of vehicles ranges from 2-7 depending on type and origin. The vehicular types identi ied are therefore recommended in their order of ef iciency in discharge and turnaround time
Key words: Solid waste, Vehicles, Waste Collection, Turnaround time
2019/LASURF/P/021 Promoting Corporate governance as an anti-corruption tool: is the State Doing enough?' Derek Adetokunbo Obadina Department of Business Law, Faculty of Law, Lagos State University E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Corruption slows economic development and contributes to governmental instability. In Nigeria the anti-corruption drive has mainly focused on the public sector and has relied mainly on criminal sanctions; yet corruption in the private sector remains a signi icant problem. Good corporate governance, as represented by the interaction of transparency, accountability, risk management, ethical commitment and corporate social responsibility, can play a signi icant role in preventing corruption. On the premise that the State should support corporate governance in playing such a role, this study examines the suf iciency of the legal framework that guides corporate governance in Nigeria. It is an analytical study covering the areas of company law, public procurement, criminal law, as well as the National Anti- Corruption Strategy 2017 and the National Code of Corporate Governance 2018. The study inds that while the corporate governance framework recognises corruption as a major risk to business sustainability, the framework is characterised by signi icant weaknesses and that these are traceable to an underlying con lict between its objective of facilitating maximisation of shareholder value, and its concern to further the public interest in the elimination of corruption. These weaknesses include lack of guidance on the task of translating good governance principles into executable anti-corruption mandates, lack of transparency around bene icial ownership in companies, asymmetry as between public and private companies, and inappropriate reliance on the markets as a mechanism for securing good corporate governance. Consequently, the study puts forward recommendations for strengthening Nigeria's corporate governance framework based on reforms adopted in other countries and
95 arrangements in companies that can be seen as representing best international anti- corruption practice.
Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Anti-corruption, Public procurement
2019/LASURF/P/022 Effects of Utilisation of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) on Students' Performance in Financial Accounting Adewusi Michael Adelani Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract The study examined the effects of utilisation of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) on senior secondary school II students' performance in inancial accounting among. It evaluated the pedagogical effectiveness of the VLE by ascertaining how learners use it in inancial accounting course unitand identi ied their perception of the VLE as a learning tool. The researcher developed and managed virtual learning platform (named Avocado) from talentlms platform and an online standard lesson on inancial accounting. Three hypotheses were tested. The initial sample size was 215 students but 200 responded. A 3-section programme evaluation questionnaire (PEQ) was designed to investigate learners' attitude towards the VLE materials. A pilot test was conducted using 10 students who were not part of the study. The reliability of the instrument used in the study was tested using SPSS Cronbach's alpha to be at 0.85. This value is considered adequate for using the instrument. Further, a comprehensive descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the overall usage of the VLE by students, while multivariance analysis was undertaken to investigate the main in luential factors for the perception on VLE. Three variables were identi ied as main in luential factor for their perception: lesson notes, announcement and quizzes. Further, the high amount of students' involvement and satisfaction towards the VLE as an interactive learning tool was observed which indicated that learners are satis ied. The research gave further insight on how educators can use, manage and teach online courses with less stress. It was therefore recommended that teachers should make use of VLE in the course of their teaching when the type involves personalised study. Teachers should improvise instructional strategies. Government and school management should provide ICT enabling environment.
Keywords: Students, Performance, Virtual learning environment, Instructional strategies
2019/LASURF/P/023 Impact of Culturo-Techno Contextual Approach (CTCA) on Secondary School Students' Achievement in and Attitude to Logic Gate Olasunkanmi Adio Gbeleyi Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract Nigerians interact well with their natural environment, culminating in the accumulation of diverse experiences. These experiences result in a body of indigenous knowledge which though unique to a given society or culture, forms part of the information needed by researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of culturo-techno
96 contextual approach (CTCA) in the teaching of logic gate in junior secondary schools. The study employed an intact class sampling for the control and experimental groups. The data gathering instruments were achievement test on logic gates and an attitude an attitude to logic gates questionnaire. A total of 57 junior secondary students (26 males and 31 females) from two junior secondary schools took part in the study. Data gathered were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Findings from the study revealed among others the following: (i) There was a signi icant difference in the achievement of students taught using the CTCA methodology and those taught using the conventional lecture method with the CTCA students outperforming the control; (ii) there was a signi icant positive difference in the attitude of students taught using the CTCA methodology before and after the treatment. The study recommended among others the following: (i) Government should organise workshops and seminars to popularise and sensitise teachers, lecturers and students on the use of CTCA methodology as approach to teaching and learning. (ii) The private sector and policy makers should support government in providing cultural and indigenous facilities in the schools and make policies to enhance the use of CTCA in teaching. (iii). Curriculum developers should include the CTCA methodology, pedagogy and simpli ied practical methods in curricula at all levels of education.
Keywords: Evaluation, Impact, Curriculum, Culturo-techno contextual approach
2019/LASURF/P/024 Effects of an E-Learning Program on Students' Academic Performance in Computer Machine Language and Logic Gates. Deborah Oluwatosin Agbanimu Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract The purpose of this study is a search for ways of creating and communicating new training concept and ideas that will arouse the interest of students in learning machine language and logic gates. Speci ically the study has the following objectives: (a) to access the performance of students using the conventional classroom teaching and learning process with those using the eLearning teaching and learning platform; (b) to determine if there is any difference in students' academic performance in computer machine language and logic gates using e- learning program; (c) to determine if there exist any difference in male students' academic performance in computer machine language and logic gates using e-learning program; and (d) investigate if any difference exist in female students' academic performance in computer machine language and logic gates using e-learning program. The research design is the pre- test and post-test quasi-experimental design. Treatment will be administered to only one of two groups whose members are randomly assigned. The control groups will be taught computer machine language and logic gates by their respective school computer studies teacher with consent from the school authorities and a test will be administered after the lesson while the experimental groups will be taught using the eLearning platform that will be set up by the researcher using the Moodle platform. The test will also be administered to them online. The essence of the experiment is to ind out if the student taught with the eLearning program performed better than those in the conventional classroom teaching. The learners were asked to create an electronic mail address and send to the researcher to enable them to get enrolled for the online class, the learners were asked to join the class by accepting the
97 invitation sent by the facilitator. The presence of the online platform allows discussion with other participants and learning at their own pace.
Keywords: Performance, E-learning, Online platforms
2019/LASURF/P/025 Investigating the Potency of E-learning on Students' Performance in BASIC Programming and Flowchart Esther Oluwafunmilayo Peter Department of Science and Technology Education Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract The purpose of this study is to (a) ind out if there is any difference in students' academic performance in BASIC Programming Language and Flowchart using E-learning program; (b) determine if there exist any difference in male students' academic performance in BASIC Programming Language and Flowchart using E-learning program; and (c) investigate if any difference exist in female students' academic performance in BASIC Programming Language and Flowchart using E-learning program. The research design is pre-test and post-test quasi- experimental design. The study population is all senior secondary schools in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State. Computer studies achievement test was used for data collection. The achievement test comprised 50 multiple choice with ive options (A–D) Computer studies questions that were used to determine the student learning achievement after exposure to conventional teaching method and E-learning strategy. The students were instructed on how to join the group by accepting invitations that were emailed to them. The presence of the online platform gave an orientation towards self-learning, discussion with classmates and the researcher (collaborative learning) when studying a module. The teacher acted as moderator online. Unlike in the experimental group, students in the control group had no access to an eLearning platform. They received their lessons via the 'face-to-face' mode of delivery. In this group, the lecture, demonstration and illustration methods were used during lessons. This group helped the researchers to determine whether the use of E-learning had an effect on the performance of students. The indings of the study will provide deep insight into the potency of E-learning.
Keywords: Basic programming, self-learning, Performance, E-learning.
2019/LASURF/P/026 An Exploration of Humour as a Strategy for Improving Students' Achievement in Biology Franklin U. Onowugbeda Department of Science and Technology Education Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract Humour is the tendency of a particular cognitive response to provoke laughter, physical reaction, and provide amusement and is experienced across all ages and culture. The use of such humour has been researched to be useful in the teaching and learning of science as it in luences the activities of the teacher as well as the interest of the students. Though, teachers do teach effectively with the chalk and talk method, how has this brought a change in interest? Traditionally, teachers use the lecture format to teach children about science. One of the drawbacks to the lecture format is that it does not engage students in their learning. This study is on humour as a teaching strategy for improving students' achievement in biology. The study involved students in two intact SS1 classes from two public senior secondary school. These
98 classes were assigned as one experimental group and one control. The instrument used was achievement test with a reliability value of 0.76. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that there was a signi icant difference in the achievement of students taught with humour strategy and those taught with conventional chalk and talk method with the humour group performing signi icantly better. Findings also revealed there was no signi icant difference between the mean achievement scores of male and female students in biology when taught using humour strategy and those taught with conventional chalk and talk method.
Keywords: Humour, Biology, Science Education, Students.
2019/LASURF/P/027 Effects of Visualisation and Flip Learning on Students' Achievement in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools Adeleke Michael Ige Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine effects of visualisation and lip learning on students' achievement in biology. The sample consisted of three secondary schools, involving 106 students of SS I within the classes of each school, thus making a total of 318 students. The research design was a quasi-experiment. Pre-test and post-test were administered to an intact class and the data collected were analysed using Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) to test the one to three hypotheses while hypothesis four and ive the Independent sample t-test was used. The result of hypothesis one reveals that there is a signi icant difference in the mean achievement score of students taught biology using visualisation, lip learning and lecture method, as the visualisation group performed signi icantly better than the lip learning and lecture method. Hence, result of hypothesis two shows that there is no signi icant difference between the mean achievement scores of male and female students in biology. On the basis of this results, it is recommended that; curriculum planners such as NERDC should ensure that they incorporate instructional strategies such as lip learning and visualisation as part of the strategies for teaching biology in senior secondary schools.
Keywords: Visualization, Instructional strategies, Curriculum development
2019/LASURF/P/028 Effect of Online Collaborative Learning on Interest and Academics Performance of Students in Mathematics in Junior Secondary Schools in Lagos State Tokunbo Ola Odekeye Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract This study was designed to (a) compare the academic performance of students taught through traditional strategy and online collaborative learning and to analyze the re lection of teachers and students towards collaborative teaching; (b) investigate the effect of online collaborative learning strategy on students academics performance in junior secondary schools; (c) determine the level of interest of students when exposed to the online collaborative learning strategy; (d) investigate the performance of male and female students when exposed to online
99 collaborative learning method; and (e) examine the level of participation of male and female students when exposed to online collaborative learning method. The sample was 100 students, 20 students in each group from ive different junior secondary schools. Instruments used were (a) Learning on the internet network using – online channel activities with education.microsoft.com for the junior secondary school students; (b) Evaluation form for students learning online through collaborative techniques to know their level of performance; (c) Satisfaction questionnaire on online collaborative learning; and (d) 40 items of the protest and 60 items of the posttest on collaborative learning using skype for students in junior secondary school. Comparison of learning achievement between pretest and posttest on the online collaborative learning on the activities with Skype showed that students derived satisfaction towards the development of lessons on the internet network using online collaborative learning method. Suggestions for classroom practice and further research are drawn.
Keywords: Mathematics, Online collaboration, Evaluation
2019/LASURF/P/029 The Impacts of Peer Tutoring on Students' Achievement in Physics. Tunde Owolabi, Peter Okebukola, Olugbenga Akindoju and Hakeem Akintoye Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract This study investigates the impacts of peer tutoring on students' achievement in physics. It seeks to ind out whether there is a relationship in the classroom interaction patterns of students taught by substantive physics teacher and that of peer tutor. It employs descriptive correlational design and sample consists of 53 students drawn from two intact classes of two different schools. An achievement test titled test of Knowledge of Quanta Physics (TKQP) is used to collect data which is analysed using Pearson product moment correlational coef icient. Vignette of the classroom interaction is mapped, and indings reveal that questioning is preponderance in all the classrooms. The classroom occupied by the substantive teacher is teacher directed while the classroom occupied by the peer tutor is student directed. There is a signi icant correlation in performance of students taught by the substantive teacher and those taught by the peer tutor.
Keywords: Peer-tutoring, Evaluation, Physics
2019/LASURF/P/030 Enhancing Students' Academic Achievement in Physics through Sporting Activities Hakeem Akintoye, Tunde Owolabi and Solomon Aregbede
Abstract This study examined the impact of sporting activities on senior secondary school students' achievement in physics. Sporting activities was used in remediating students' challenges arising from the diagnosis of students' competence in solving selected concepts in kinematics. The study adopted mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. An intervention which was conducted using pre-test, post-test quasi experimental research design. One hundred and
100 education.microsoft.com for the junior secondary school students; (b) Evaluation form for students learning online through collaborative techniques to know their level of performance; (c) Satisfaction questionnaire on online collaborative learning; and (d) 40 items of the protest and 60 items of the posttest on collaborative learning using skype for students in junior secondary school. Comparison of learning achievement between pretest and posttest on the online collaborative learning on the activities with Skype showed that students derived satisfaction towards the development of lessons on the internet network using online collaborative learning method. Suggestions for classroom practice and further research are drawn.
Keywords: Mathematics, Online collaboration, Evaluation
2019/LASURF/P/029 The Impacts of Peer Tutoring on Students' Achievement in Physics. Tunde Owolabi, Peter Okebukola, Olugbenga Akindoju and Hakeem Akintoye Department of Science and Technology Education Associate: Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract This study investigates the impacts of peer tutoring on students' achievement in physics. It seeks to ind out whether there is a relationship in the classroom interaction patterns of students taught by substantive physics teacher and that of peer tutor. It employs descriptive correlational design and sample consists of 53 students drawn from two intact classes of two different schools. An achievement test titled test of Knowledge of Quanta Physics (TKQP) is used to collect data which is analysed using Pearson product moment correlational coef icient. Vignette of the classroom interaction is mapped, and indings reveal that questioning is preponderance in all the classrooms. The classroom occupied by the substantive teacher is teacher directed while the classroom occupied by the peer tutor is student directed. There is a signi icant correlation in performance of students taught by the substantive teacher and those taught by the peer tutor.
Keywords: Peer-tutoring, Evaluation, Physics
2019/LASURF/P/030 Enhancing Students' Academic Achievement in Physics through Sporting Activities Hakeem Akintoye, Tunde Owolabi and Solomon Aregbede
Abstract This study examined the impact of sporting activities on senior secondary school students' achievement in physics. Sporting activities was used in remediating students' challenges arising from the diagnosis of students' competence in solving selected concepts in kinematics. The study adopted mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. An intervention which was conducted using pre-test, post-test quasi experimental research design. One hundred and ninety students selected from three purposively sampled co-educational schools. Two instruments: Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and Physics Student Interview Schedule (PSIS) were used to collect data. The reliability coef icients of the PAT using the split-half method was 0.93. Three research questions raised for investigation alongside one corresponding null
101 ninety students selected from three purposively sampled co-educational schools. Two instruments: Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and Physics Student Interview Schedule (PSIS) were used to collect data. The reliability coef icients of the PAT using the split-half method was 0.93. Three research questions raised for investigation alongside one corresponding null hypothesis were answered and tested respectively using the mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical tools. Findings of the study revealed challenges of the students during the diagnostic stage. The result obtained from the diagnostic stage was improved upon through sporting activities which was used as a treatment. The treatment showed improved competence of the students in solving kinematics related problems as well as signi icant improvement in their achievement; F (24,248) = 65.345; p < 0.01. The study concluded that sporting activities is an effective method of enhancing students' competence in solving physics problems. Sporting activities is strongly recommended for physics teachers in our schools for meaningful teaching and improved achievement.
Keywords: Sports, Physics, Impact.
2019/LASURF/P/031 Computer Simulation and Cognitive Achievement in Senior Secondary School Chemistry Oladejo, Ibrahim Adekunle
Abstract This study investigated the effect of use of computer simulation on learners' achievement in chemistry at senior secondary school level. The study was carried out in Ado-Odo-Ota local government area of Ogun state. Two schools were purposefully selected within the area of study and thirty chemistry students in senior secondary school two (S.S.S.2) were conveniently selected from each school to make a total of sixty students. Four research questions and hypotheses were raised to guide the study and The Electroplating Achievement Test (EPAT) was the instrument used to collect the data needed for this study. Collected data were analysed descriptively and inferentially using frequency and percentages, t-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and 2×2 factorial design with aid of Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software editor at 0.05 level of signi icance. Findings from the study revealed that computer simulation strategy for teaching and learning can greatly improve students' academic achievement in chemistry and that there is no signi icant interaction effect of gender and treatment on students' academic achievement in chemistry. It also showed that the use of computer simulation strategy can enhance higher order cognitive achievement of chemistry students at senior secondary school. Therefore, it was recommended that computer simulations should be embraced by every stakeholder and deployed in the senior secondary school classroom instruction to bridge the existing gap in learning outcome. Pre-service and in-service training on the use of new technologies for instruction was equally recommended for teachers and suggestion on government intervention in the area of mass production of computer simulated programmes in different subjects for easy accessibility and possession was also included.
Keywords: Computer stimulation strategy, Chemistry, Student learning
2019/LASURF/P/032 The Ef icacy of Jigsaw, Think-Pair-Square-Share and Peer- Tutoring Strategies on Performance of Pre-service Teachers in Co-ordinate Geometry Akudo, Otuniuya Kennedy., Olaoye A.A and Otun, I. W.
102 Abstract The article focused on main and interactive ef icacy of jigsaw, think-pair-square-share and peer-tutoring strategies, gender and socio-economic status (SES) on attitude and achievement of pre-service mathematics teachers (PSTs) in Co-ordinate Geometry. It adopted pre-post-test quasi-experimental research design with 4 x 2 x 3 factorial matrix. A total of 80 PSTs in an intact class were sampled for the pilot study. Two self-developed instruments employed include Pre-service Teachers' Attitude towards Co-ordinate Geometry (ATCG) and Pre-service Teachers' Co-ordinate Geometry Achievement Test (CGAT). The Spearman' Rank Reliability Coef icient of 0.67 and 0.58 were obtained for the questionnaire and achievement respectively Eight research questions were answered with the aid of bar-charts, while two null hypotheses were tested using MANCOVA at 0.05 level of signi icance. The results showed that there were signi icant main effects of treatments on attitude and achievement of PSTs; insigni icant main effects of gender on attitude and achievement; and insigni icant main effects of SES on attitude and achievement; insigni icant interaction effects of treatments and gender on attitude and achievement. There was no signi icant interaction effects of treatments and SES on attitude and achievement, signi icant interaction effects of gender and SES on attitude but insigni icant on achievement; insigni icant interaction effects of treatments, gender and SES on PSTs' attitude and achievement. It was recommended that teachers should prioritize the use of instructional strategies that promote class interaction and school owners and administrators should hire only experts in interactive instructional strategies and at the same time ire teachers who refused to upgrade themselves.
Keywords: Chemistry, Performance, Teachers, Multiple strategies.
2019/LASURF/P/033 Impact of Multimodal Representation on Senior Secondary School Students Achievement and Attitude in Ecology Raheem O Yusoof and Sunday O Banjoko
Abstract The study investigated the impact of multimodal representation on senior secondary school student's achievement and attitude in ecology. A pretest, posttest quasi-experimental design comprising two purposively two selected senior secondary schools with school garden for ield study in education district V of Lagos state Nigeria with 60 SS 2 students from science class (intact class) two instrument were developed by the researcher, which were student achievement test made up of essay questions on some ecological topics where multimodal representational question using different modes such as graph, diagram and mathematical calculations were used as student questionnaire on attitude to ecological concept leaning. Two research questions and null hypotheses each were formulated to guide the study. The result revealed that there was signi icant impact in the use of multimodal representation on secondary school student achievement in ecology in the experimental school, F=77.09, P<0.05. there was no signi icant impact in both experimental and control group in terms of attitude to learning science. Suggestions and recommendation were made such as teachers continues use of multiple modes along with ield study to engender student learning of science for a better achievement.
Keywords: Evaluation, Multi-modal presentations, Quasi-experimental design
2019/LASURF/P/034 Interconnection of Technological Resources, Instructional
103 Strategies and learning Styles among Conventional Universities with open and distance learning programmes in South- west Nigeria. Akintolure Stephen Oluwashina Abstract The ever-increasing demand for University education has overstretched the residential mode and facilities, hence the need for continued learning have led to the emergence of open and distance learning (ODL) in Nigeria. The ODL programmes over the years is however been viewed as not meeting up to world standard in terms of utilizing the appropriate technology for instruction delivery. The focus of this study would be to investigate the interconnection technological resources, instructional strategies and learning styles among conventional Universities with ODL programmes in south west Nigeria. There would include availability of the technological resources, instructional strategies adopted and what type of instructional materials are available for learners and if the learning styles of the learners was considered in designing of course materials. Descriptive survey design would be adopted for this study. The Universities of Ibadan, Lagos, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso would be purposively selected for the study. Random sampling would be used to select respondents that would include senior administrators, lecturers and students registered in the ODL programmes of the Universities mentioned. Data would be collected through 200 questionnaires for students, 40 questionnaires for lecturers and technical staff and in interview schedules for senior administrators. Content validity of the instrument would be done before the instrument would be pre-tested and reliability calculated using Cronbach alpha for internal consistency of the scales. The data would be analyzed both quantitatively and quantitatively. The result of the indings would then be discussed to draw conclusion and make recommendations.
Keywords: Technological resources, Open distance learning programme, Tool validation, Instructional strategies
2019/LASURF/P/035 Effect of Concept Mapping, Scaffolding and Blended Strategies on Students' Performance in Algebra in Senior Secondary Schools Iroko, Ganiyu Adisa
Abstract This study investigated the effect of concept mapping, scaffolding and blended strategies on students' academic performance in algebra at senior secondary schools, it is meant to adopt an alternative method of teaching mathematics in order to proffer solution to the problems facing teaching and learning of mathematics. As an experimental study which comprised of SS II students in Ogun State, 104 students were randomly selected for the study and adopted 4x2x2x3 factorial design consisting of the 4 levels of instructional strategies, 2 levels of sex, 2 levels of school location and 3 levels of socio-economic status. A-50 item multiple choice achievement test on algebra (r = 0.93) and 20 item altitudinal questionnaire (0.78) were administered on the selected sample, where the exercise lasted for 4 weeks. Data analysis was done via multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and path analysis at α = 0.05 level of signi icance. The indings revealed that; there is statistically signi icant difference in the main effect of treatment on students' achievement in algebra, there is statistically signi icant difference in the main effect of treatment on students' attitude toward algebra, and socio- economic status is the most potent variable of all the independent variables that affect student's performance with a beta weight of 0.00. Based on the indings, it was recommended that concept mapping, scaffolding and blended strategies should be introduced to alleviate
104 perennial academic backwardness of students in Mathematics in the Nigerian senior secondary schools.
Keywords: Secondary school students, Mathematics, Concept mapping, Teaching strategies
2019/LASURF/P/036 Enhancing Pre-Service Teachers Skills Acquisition through School-Based Teacher Development Strategies. Anighoro, Oyedunni Olabimpe
Abstract This study investigated the effect of School-Based teacher development strategies on the enhancement of pre-service teachers' skills acquisition and performance during teaching practice exercise. As a developmental study which comprised of pre-service teachers' in the Faculty of education, Lagos State University, 125 students were selected from the ive department in the Faculty. The study employed purposive and strati ied sampling techniques. The teaching practice assessment score sheet was administered on the selected sample, the exercise lasted for 12 weeks divided into 2 equal halves of 6 weeks training and 6 weeks of observation period of the enhancement of the school-based teachers' development strategies on the teaching skills of pre-service teachers. Data analysis was done through t-test only at 0.05 level of signi icance. The indings revealed that there is a signi icant difference in the main effect treatment of pre-service teacher's pedagogical practice in teaching. Based on the indings, it was recommended SBTD strategies should be introduced to teaching practice to raise a generation of qualitatively bred teachers in our educational institutions.
Keywords: Teacher's skills, Performance improvement, Teacher development, Schools.
2019/LASURF/P/037 Exploring the Impact of Culturo-Techno-Contextual Approach (CTCA) in Tackling Under-Achievement in Dif icult Concepts in Biology Peter A. Okebukola, Khadijat Ige, Anuoluwapo Oyeyemi, Olusesi, Rebecca Oyeyemi, Olatunde Owolabi, Foluso Okebukola, Sunday Banjoko and Grace Oshun Faculty of Education, Lagos State University Staff and Associates, Africa Centre of Excellence in Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract The concern for culturally relevant method of science teaching has continued to agitate researchers in Africa, reaching new heights at the beginning of this century. This study explored the impact of the Culturo-Techno-Contextual Approach (CTCA) on students' achievement and attitude towards perceived dif icult concepts in biology. The study had a survey and a quasi-experimental phase. The survey phase involved 5,032 secondary biology students and their teachers (N=311) in Lagos State, Nigeria which yielded “Energy low in an ecosystem” as the most dif icult topic. The quasi-experimental phase (N= 132) employed quantitative and qualitative data-gathering techniques. CTCA was used for the experimental classes. MANCOVA showed that on the achievement measure, the experimental and control
105 groups were signi icantly different (mean score for experimental= 23.08; control=16.51; F=19.24.05; p<.001). Similar trend was found for the attitude scores (mean score for experimental= 26.03.1; control=19.64; F=12.06; p<.001). Qualitative data analysis using NVivo software showed the emergence of three themes. The exploratory study provides a basis for the validation of CTCA and a con irmation of its potency. While the indings cannot be extrapolated beyond the study sample, it gives some initial basis for several important recommendations in the quest for culturally and contextually relevant methods of effective delivery of science.
Keywords: Biology, Visualization, Concepts, Culturo-techno-contextual approach
2019/LASURF/P/038 Texture of students' Contributions as they are implicated in students' learning achievements in mathematics Rasheed Sanni and Ibrahim Alabi Faculty of Education, Lagos State University Staff and Associate, Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative and Transformative STEM Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract The outcry over continuous underachievement of students in mathematics has continued unabated. A possible panacea is repositioning the mathematics teacher for improved teaching practices through their education both at pre-service and in-service levels, about which there are efforts ongoing both at national and at global levels. However, as focus is on improving teachers' practices, it is also necessary to focus on improving students' classroom practices as well. In this quasi experimental study, the contributions of students in mathematics classroom will be analysed using a two-level analytical framework for the purpose of establishing which categories of students' contributions is most related to students' achievement and why. The study will adopt both quantitative and qualitative techniques, using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and interaction (content) analysis for data analysis respectively. This study will provide some documentary evidence of the relationship between the different forms and functions of students' contributions in the mathematics classroom. Even though indings may not be generalisable for population outside the sample, relatability and an empirical basis or justi ication for some categories of students' moves rather than the others provide some signi icance for the study.
Keywords: Mathematics, Student contribution, Learning environment
2019/LASURF/P/039 Entrepreneurship Infrastructure, Curriculum Programmme and Nigeria's Industrial Development. Kehinde Adesegun Ahmed-Ogundipe Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences Lagos State University. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Unemployment is a common phenomenon in Nigeria today. This is as a result of economic
106 downturn in the country which commenced in 1981 with the fall in oil prices of that year resulting from glut in the market. Hitherto, Nigeria has become a mono-product economy relying on crude oil for over twenty years. As a means of lifting the country out of this predicament, Nigeria has to diversify into other areas of manufacturing and the services sectors. To achieve this, there is need to change the orientation of the teaming youth population by creating a favorable enabling environment for job creation in other sectors. Entrepreneurship education, thus needs to be introduced and improved upon in terms of curricula and infrastructural development, alongside with funding. Curricula both at the secondary and tertiary institution levels are required with an infrastructural layout as entrepreneurship development centre, to gainfully employ the millions of youth and moving the nation from an underdeveloped status to a developed one. Appropriate industrial and economic policies alongside with administration and control mechanisms have to be in place to address and achieve the required level of development needed to make Nigeria compete among committee of Nations in the 21st century world.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Infrastructure, Entrepreneurship Education, Economic policies, Industrial policies, Industrial Development.
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