O the Welfore of 300 Million Children Versary of His Celebrated Talks HIGHLIGHTS of the WEEK at the Yanan Forum on Literature and Art

Vol. 25, No. 22 May 31, 1982

A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS

o Chino's Foreign Economic Relotions o The Welfore of 300 Million Children versary of his celebrated talks HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK at the Yanan forum on literature and art. A Renmtn Riboo com- China's Foreign Economic UN Security Council. China's mentary pointed out the imPort- Relations permanent representative to the ance of carrying forward the expressed the Chairman's literary thought (P. An article by the Hongqi (Red United Nations Chinese delegation's deep regret 5). Flag) editorial department on for the rapid escalation of armed the aims, nature and actual prac- World Badminton tices of China's economic rela- conflicts between Britain and Malvinas Is- Championship tions with foreign countries (pp. Argentina in the lands. Security 13-16). He said the China's men's badminton team support Argen- Council should won the 12th Thomas CuP Beijing Reoieto's economic edi- sovereignty over tina's claim to Championship after fierce con- tor comments on the favourable the islands and appealed both to tests the defending cham- conditions for investing in Chi.na to stop military actions '*'ith countries pion. tht' Indoncsian teanr (p. 3). (p. and resume talks 9). (p.28). 1982 Draft State Budget Ghina's 300 Million Mirrister of Finance Wang Children Bingqian's report to the recent NPC Standing Committee ses- The joint care of families. sion on the basic budgetary prin- schools and society enables ciples and major expenses for China's children under L4 to 1982 and on how to ensure a ba- grow healthily (pp. 19-25). lanced budget (pp" 16-19). Mao's Letters Published China's Stand on the Fifteen of Chairman Mao's Malvinas Dispute "(irandad. I dicl anothcr good private letters were published on turn." At a recent meeting of the May 23 to mark the 40th anni- Photo bY Sun Zhongxittg

Hu Yoobong Meets Foreign Notionol People's Congress Guests on April 28, 1982-Wong BEIJING REVIEW Bingqion, Minister of INTERNATIONAL 9.12 Finonce 16 Published every MondoY bY Molvinos Conflict: A Shodow For. the Heolthy Growth of BEIIING REVIEW Chino's 300 Million Children 19 2{ Boiwonzhuong Rood, Beiiinq of Superpower Contention The People's Republic of Chino Xinhuo Correspondent Pictoriol (Chino's Children ot -Tong Tionri Work ond Ploy) T2-23 Vol. 25, No. 22 Moy 31, 1982 Appeol for on lmmediote Cessotion of Militory Action FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 26-27 Moscow Attempts to Sow CONTENTS Discord Between lndio ond CULTURE A SCIENCE 28.29 Chino ..- "Renmin Riboo" NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 3 Commentotor BOOKS 30 lnvesting in Chino fgenqrnls Firm Support for Nomibion ln- - ART PAGE 31 Editor Wong Docheng dependence - Ren Yon Politicol Situotion in ltoly LETTERS 4 Zhong Qihuo -

BEIJING RtVltW (USPS No. 658-110) is EVENTS & TRENDS 5-8 ARTICTES & DOCUMENTS published weekly Ior USS 13.50 per year by Moo's Letters on Literoture On Chino's Economic Relo- Beiiing Beview, 24 Baiwanzhuang Boad, Published tions With Foreign Countries Beiiing, China Second-class postage paid Drive to Turn Chino Green Editoriol Deportment of at San trancisco, CA. Postmasler: Send "Hongqi"- 13 address changes to China Books & Lorge Petrochemicol Projects Periodicals, lnc, 2929 24th Street, San Resumed Report on 1982 Droft Stote Budget (Excerpts)-At the Francisco, CA 94110 Soles Exhibition of Articles for 23rd Session of the Stond- Children ing Committee of the Fifth lTotes From the Ddltors

lnuesting in Ghina already acquired valuable experience in co-operation with foreign investors in this respect. As China is still carrying on stance, the construction of the Last year China acquired 1,900 its economic readjustment and two ports of Qinghuangdao in million dollars foreign legislation remains incomplete, Hebei and Shijiusuo in Shan- US of some people in foreign countries dong and the construction of funds through such direct means as joint ventures with think that conditions for invest- three railways and the Ping- both Chinese and foreign in- ing in China are not favourable. dingshan Therrnai Power Sta- vestments, co-operative enter- Could you comment on this? tion in Henan Province belong prises, compensatory trade, to this category. Most of these This argument is not neces- processing assembling with projects are in coastal and other and sarily correct and it probably materials supplieC by foreign results incomplete econornically developed areas. from an firms as well a^s leasing. Be- understanding of China's situa- China's south'"vest is also because co-operation of this kind tion and po.licies. ing opened up and foreigners requires comparatively small It is true that during most of are 'selcome to invest there. investments, and the period of the 1980s China will be conduct- The Southwest China Natural construction is short while ing its economic readjustment, Resources Exploitation Corpora- quick economic results can be bu.t this does not mean that its tion has been founded to facili- obtained, both co-operating economic development rvill be tate the process. Take Guizhou sides are happy. Jointly spon- at a standstill. On the contrary, Province for example. It is rich sored by China and the much will be done in China in in coal, phosphorus and nonfer- United Nations Industrial De- the following two fields which rous metals, and thousands of velopment Organization, a meet- will present new opportr-rnities millions of US dollars will be ing in Guangzhou to promote for foreign investors. needed to extract them. investment wiil give new im- (1) Giving priority to the Bidding for the exploitation petus to such co-operation. development of energy, trans- of offshore oil resources in the Some people in foreign coun- portation and communications, Bohai Sea and South China Sea tries have questioned China's petroleum, coal, electric power, is going on. The amount of ability to repay loans. Facts railways, ports and nonferrous foreign funds such projects can over the years have proved that metals. China wishes to co- absorb ',r,i]l be much greater China is trustworthy and at- operate with foreign investors than that involved in previous taches importance to repaying in these fields and, in fact. a agreements signed with Japan debts when they are due. More- good beginning has already and France. over, China's debt is very small. been made. Given the development of its The initial scale China's Because the development of of rich natural resources. China key development projects will such proiects needs time and will have arnple means to repay be moderate. Nevertheless, they Iarge investments. most of them its debts. Many products of the will be gradually enlarged with are being undertaken with enterpri.ses which will undergo the grou'th of China's economic medium- and long-term loans technical transformation with strength. provided by foreign govern- foreign funds will earn substa.n- ments and rvorld financial (2) Another igrportant aspect tial foreign exchange. China is organizations at medium or low of China's economic develop- also rapidly, increasing the interest rates. There are also a ment in the 1980s will be the volume of its exports. Global few interest-free loans. During technical transformation of exports last year showed only a the past year, the Chinese Gov- existing mines and industrial slight increase, but China's ex- ernment utilized some 3,500 enterprises. In addition to pool- ports reached an all-time high. million US dollars provided ing our financial resources and This has certainly enhanced our by such loans, which were using them on a number ability to pay debts or profits primarily used to pay for of projects, we will use due to foreign ihvestors. imported equipment and the foreign funds for this pur- In order to create favourable development of energy re- pose. This will be a key area conditions for foreign investors, sources, transportation and for foreign inveStments in the the Chinese Government has other basic facilities. For in- immediate future. We have worked out and made public

May 31, 1982 regarded as inferior. Leading As for articles in "Events and cadres should not arrange a bright Trends" and "Culture and TETTERS future for their children by abus- Science," they should be true to ing their power and "opening the facts. the back door." Sociolist Ethics In the "International: Reports In my opinion. the article is graduaily and Comments," there is too little I have understood and flawed in another respect. It re- coverage oI Africa. Iearnt to love the Chinese people ports "veteran cadres who ed- and their socialist cause. I find ucate their children to be good I suggest you should cover articles on ethics and about fight- ordinary workers" are praised in more issues facing the third ing graft and corruption particu- the press. If you don't go one world and the world at large. In larly inieresting. The Chi.nese are step fr.rrther, this is still a repeti- addition, you should cover the advancing materially and mot'al- tion of the ultra-Left mistalieB. life and activities of foreign Iy. Unlike Western countries, Why don't you erlcourage the students studying in Chinese col- China adheres to the spirit of young generation to look uprvards leges and their study and contact. flaternal solidarity, magnanimity in profession so as to meet the with the Chinese youth. and friendship. For this, China requilements of the four modern- has rvon prestige atrd praise. For izations? The article shouLd ex- Cheikh M. Dembele example', as rnentioned in the ar- plicitly expound on the dialecti- Nouakchott. Mauritania ticle "The Difrlomacy of Zhou cal relations of "ordinary" and Enlai" (issues No. 10 and 11), "great'' plofessions in a socialisi- I am interested in reading China helped an African countrY society. your articles exposing Russian ac- grow its o',\'n tea, thus lessening tivities in Afghanistan. I hope market. Benali Chamsitldine China's export St. Denis, France you will also '*,rite about US opeu I would like to ask some ques- and clandestine interference in tions to the colunrn "Notes From Rurol Sonitotion Work the internal affairs of Latin yculrg American countries, especially the Eciitors." Do the Peo- I Iiked the article "Medicare ple in the big cities (Beijing and those countries which are making and Sanitation Work in a CountY" efforts to cast off the domination Shanghai) care about the situation (China Impressions of Dr. Hiroshi in the rural areas? Are they in- of the military juntas and break Nagajima, issue No. 3). I would free from US domiaation. T'ake terested in the problems of the like to commend Dr. Hiroshi Na- countryside? Are they making El Salvador for cxample, the US gajima for his observations in has tried hard to turn it into a efforts to solve the contradictions Yexian County. I{e discorrered betr.r'een the urban and the rural second Viet Nam. Although the the population growth 13[s has to areas ? United States denies it srants declined in that countv. I think establish military bases there, its Jose Fernand ez Orallonez the knowledge of biology is the objectives 6re transparent. Asturias, Spain key to the third world. Goma Basile Boncha Saldarriga Medellin, Colombia Aspitotions for One's Children Madingou, the Congo "The I think the article Right Suggestions Attitude Towards One's Children" Opinions ond "Beijing lnforma" (the (English edition, issue No. 13) cor- I would like to read discussions Spanish edition of "Beijing Re- rectly states that in a socialist of current questions and the latest Dieu") u:ill publish a special country, no profession should be news in "Notes From the Editors." article on El Salr;ador. -- Ed,

more than a dozen larvs, rules It should be mentioned here is determined to uphold its and regulations concetning eco- that the Draft of the Revised long-term, open polic.," oI economic activities rvith foreign Constitution of the People's Re- nomic exchanges with foreign countries. All ttrese documents public of China. now being dis- countri es. clearly stipulate tirat China rvill cussed throughout the nation, China's political .sitr-tation is give legal protection to the prof- will be adopted latel this stabie. Its economy' is devekrp- its of foreign investors and their year. It has a new article which ing steadily and is free from the other legitirnate lights and in- clearly stipulates that China influence of economic reces- terests. More laws and regurla- permits foreigri enierprises, sion in the West. Legislation tions rvill be enacted to make other foreign economic organi- concerning economic activities some principles and stipulations zations or foreign individuals to with foreign countries wiII be more perfect. In addition to all invest in China or to undertake graCually perfected. All these this, Iegislation sh ortcomings various forms oI econonric co- are favourable conditions lor can be overcome by signing con- operation Chinese enter- with foreigners interested in invest- tracts and agreements. This prises or other Chinese eco- ing in China. prnctice, which proved to be nomic crganizations. The in- eff ective in the past. will be clusion of this articie in the Lconomic Eriitor followed in the futute. Constitution sllows that China - Wong Dacheng

4 Beijing Reuie'w, No. 22 CHII\IT\ EVE}IIS & IRENDS

POLITICAL properly, and his views on how the new literature's national, to examine both the positive scientific and mass-oriented na- and negative sides of a matter. ture. Mao's letters on literalure The letters refl.ect the close "He said that literature and Published friendship between Mao Zedong art should serve the people, and the recipients. They are first and foremcst the workers, The 40th anniversary of the addressed to rnore than a dozen peasants and soldiers, and he late Chairman Mao Zedong's people, including Hu Qiaomu, put forward the brilliant view most famous speech on litera- Zhou Yang, Liu Yazi, Shen that literary and art rvorkers ture an'd art -- ?olk.s at the Yanbing (Mao Dun), Xiao San should integrate themselves Yanan Forum on Literature and (Emi Siao), Xiao Jun, Cao Ming with the masses in the new era. .rlrl was marked with the and Luo !-eng. - "Af ter the founding of the publication of 15 of his private Accompanying the letters People's Repurblic, he wrote letters to lvriters and artists. was an article by Renmin Ribao Talks With Musical Workers Written between 1939 and Commentator entitled "Uphold and On the Comect Handling of 1949, the leiters released by the and Carry Forward NIao Ze- Contradicti.ons Am.ong the Peo- Party Literatr:re Research Cen- dong's Literary Thought." ple. He raised the principles of 'letting hundred blos- tre of the Chinese Commurnist It said: "Comlade Mao Ze- a flowers ()ommittee hundred Party Central ap- dong always showed concern som and letting a schools contend,' peared cin May 23 in Renmin for revolutionary literature and of ihought past the pres- Riboo and other major national art. During the period of demo- 'making the serve ent and making foreign things newspaDers. cratic revolulion in the 1940s, serve China' 'weeding published was he wrote On Neus Democracy, and AIso a com- through the old to bring forth mentar:i and a 1943 geech by Talks at the Yanan Forum on the new.' These represented Chen Yun. norv Vice-Chairman Literature ard Art and oth'er developments in the ideas he of the Party Centlal Comn-rittee. works. In these works, he sum- put forward the med up the experiences gained in the Talks at The Yanan leiters '",u'ere {or ttre most in the new literature movernent Forum on Literature and Art. part {ollowups to Comr-ade since the 1919 anti-imperialist Mao's ?oZks. In the Tolks, \,Iao and anti-f eudal democratic "In his later years, he alsr-r elaborated theoretical the movc.ment and elaborated on expressed some incorrect and framework for such fundamen- tal prcblems as whom literature and art shouid serve and hou' to accompl.ish this. The letters further discuss the theory and ask for both sup- portive and critical comments about the Party's policy on literature and art. Included in the correspon- dence are Chailman Mao's discussions of the influential role of literature and art. the importance of making such work ac- cessible to the masses, the re- form of traditional opera, the necessity for writers and artists to participate personally in the activities of the pgople, the need accurately to unders.tand social 11 ritr:r Lu Ianzhou (sjllutll !n the mlcl(llc) logether with peasants in phenomena and handle then Anhui Provinee.

Mag 31, 1982 one-sided ideas on literature ECONOMTC and art. But on the whole the essence of his thought on literature and art is correct, Com- llriue lo Turn Ghina Green rade Mgo Zedong's literary and art thought has nurtured sever- In spring this year, millions al generations of our country's upon millions of Chinese citizens revolutionary literary and art turned out to grow trees in a vigorous national drive im- workers and guided oul' to a-t country's revolutionary literary prove the landscape. and movement several art for According to statistics releas- decades. Today, it still remains ed by the Ministry of Forestry, the guiding principle for our people throughout the country Iiterary and art work." voluntarily planted 1,100 million trees and afforested The article pointed out 2,333,333 hectares. In addition, that, while upholding the basic 3,000 million trees were planted idea of Mao Zedong's literary by the houses, roads, rivers and and art thought, it is necessary farm plots, and new tree nurse- to overcome and correct some ries totalled 120,000 hectares. of his less scientific propositions and conclusions. The campaign was launched in response to a resolution on The article concluded: "It launching a national afforesta- is necessary for us to use tion campaign' passed last De- Mao Zedong Thought to guide cember by the Fourth Session A windbreak in a production brigade in Henan Province. literature and art, to sum up of the Fifth National People's the rich experience in literary Congress. The resolution stipulated over the and art fields, study current that all citizens the Ming Tombs where they age 11, conditions and answer the va- of except the elderly, planted trees on the hillsides. rious new problems we face now disabled or ill, are expected to volunteer every year to plant so as to continuously develop - Building up lorests in the the Marxist theory on literature trees, take care of them or ful- farmland areas. On the plains fil other tasks related to affores- and art under socialism as wel] in central China's Henan Prov- tation. as to develop literature and art ince, 301,333 hectares were itself. " The main focuses of the af- afforested. In addition, tung- forestation drive were in the trees or date trees rvere planted Renmin Riboo also pubtished following four areas: at intervals on 288.000 hectares a March 1943 speech by Chen of farmland. Planting trees in and Yun et a meeting of the around- cities. In Beijing. the Building shelter belts. A Party's literary and art work- majority of the new trees plant- shelter- belt now extends for ers. The speech put forward ed were along the two streets 7,000 kilometres across 11 prov- an important concept, that skirt the city proper, two inces and autonomous I'egions that is, the Party's literary new residential areas in the from northeast to nortl'rwest and workers art should first of eastern part of the city and sev- China. Government statistics regard all themselves as ordin- en scenic spots including areas show that by early May, the ary Party members, not as writ- around the Ming Tombs and the residents of 385 counties in ers or artists. They must Great WalI. Specialists were in- these areas had afforested continuously enhance their com- vited to map out plans and citi- 618,667 hectares, set up 73,333 munist consciousness, strengthen zens, including government em- hectares of tree nurserieS and their Party spirit, improve ployees, were organized to plant planted 414 million trees beside their style of work, strictly tree saplings and grow flowers the houses, roads, rivers and abide by Party discipline and and grass. Since mid-April, farm plots, fulfilling 78 per carry out the Party's line, prin- staff members from the depart- cent of the annual afforestation ciples and policies accurately rnents directly under the Cen- targets and averaging three and thoroughly. tral Party committee went to trees per person.

6 Beijing Reuieu:, No. 22 'IRENDS cHlfll\ EVENI'TS &

Setting up tree nurseries. Equipment for these projects jing project are already under I'he- existing nurseries have are mainly imported from Ja- construclion. Preparations are contributed greatly to the af- pan and the Federal Republic being made for the construction forestation drive by supplying of Germany. Two sets of equip of the Shanxi Chemical Fertiliz- large numbers of saplings and ment which have the capacity to er Plant. five-year-old trees. To meet the produce 300,000 tons of synthetic increasing n'eeds of af foresta- ammonia and 520,000 tons of tion, the total area of tree nur- urea per year will be installed $ales Exhibition ol series rvill be expanded from at the Zhejiang Oil Refinery in Articles for Ghildren 333,333 to 373,333 hectares this east China and the Urrrmqi Pe- year. trochemical Works in northwest A sales exhibition of arti- China's Uygur Auton- cles for children's daily use, In March, Hu Yaobang, Deng Xinjiang omous Another set for the biggest ever held since the Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang and Region. Fertilizer fouading of the People's Repub- other Party and state leaders the Shanxi Chemical Plant has the capacity to pro- lic, opened on May 20 in Bei- joined government employees jing. and PLA soldiers in the capital duce 300,000 tons of synthetic ammonia and 900,000 tons of to plant tr.ees. In the various Sponsored by the national phosphate nitrate per year, using provinces, autonomous regions committee of articles for chil- coal as raw material. A fourth and municipalities as well as dren's daily use, the exhibition set will be installed in the prefectures and counties, lead- which will continue for a month Dongfang Chemical Works in ing comrades also joined the ef- is divided into four halls and Beijing, with a designed aggre- fort to make the land green. covers a floor space of over gate capacity of 38,000 tons of People's Liberation Army units 20,000 square metres. The first acrylic acid and esters per year. grew trees and flowers where hall presents foodstuffs specif- they are stationed, and they also Departments conce!'ned are ically developed for children. carry out afforestation tasks in drawing up plans to shorten the The second has toys; the third, areas within 10 kilometres construction period so that the clothes, shoes end caps and the around their barracks. The air projects can be put into opera- fourth. other articles for chil- force flew sowing sorties. In tion around 1985. The Zhejiang dren's daily use. More than the tirst qua.rter of this year. and Urumqi plant.s and the Bei- 30,000 items are on rlispllv, the seeding of 88,600 hectares s,as conducted by planes. "Green the Land" committees have been set up at both the plovincial and county levels. G In the rural areas, the peasants 7"--,s drew up rules anC regulations or set up special tearl.s to pro- tect trees. Youngsters' tlee- protecting teams have appealed in the' streets of Beijing. Nan- jing, Chengdu and other cities.

[arge Pelrochemical Projects Resumed Since readiustment of the national economy has been going smoothly, construction is being resumed on four large chemical fertiiizer and petrochemical projects. Construction on the four projects was suspended in 1980. The mairr hall of the sal€s exhibition of artit'les for children.

Muy 31, 1982 over 50 per cent of which are Democratic People's Republic tween China and Korea in the new products. of Korea. past decades are very close and that the two peoples always The wide variety of food- Guests From Zambia and stand together through thick stuffs on display are suited to Burundi. On May 15 Chairman and thin. In the past revolu- children's nutritional needs, and Hu met with a Zambian Wom- tionary struggles, he said, the appeal many are designed to to en's Delegation led by Mme. Korean people had .shed their Most products children. of the B.C. Kankasa, Member of the blood on China's soil and the on display for both children Central Committee of the Unit- Chinese people had also shed high-quality or Party and adults are ed National Independence their blood on Korea's soil. La- products which Sec- famous local of Zambia and Executive ter, the two countries support- have been awarded national Wom- retary of the Zambian ed each other in defeating im- prizes. en's League, and a Burundi perialist aggression and subver- Women's Delegation led by Mme. The toys include educational sion. Today, he added, the re- Kandeke Euphrasie, Nlember of and scientific items, sports im- lation between the two coun- plements and popular play- the Political Bureau of the tries is orle of mutual trust, Party National things with distinctive local de- of Unity and mutual reliance and mutual and Gener- signs. refLecting the develop- Progress Secretary support. He noted that there ment of China's toy research in al of the Women's Union of are still difficulties on the road recent years. Burundi. Chairman Hu said of advance as there are people that the exchange of visits in the world who attempt to Because of the importance of among the people of the third obstruct the principles of inde- growth the sound of children, world countries demonstrates pendence and efforts for the ministries and commissions of unity. mutual trust and support. reunification of our own coun- the central authorities, prov- He added that the third world tries. Therefore, he stressed, municipalities inces, and autono- countries, having similar ex- we must continue to stand to- mous regions expended much perience in the past, rvill share gether'. effort to support the prepara- the same destiny in the future. tory work for the sales exhibi- Their present common task is Hu Yaobang wished the Ko- tion. The Ministry of Finance to unite, safeguard their orvn rean people, led by the Korean is subsidizing the exhibition and independence and 'world peace Workers' Party and President goods sold there are tax ex- and oppose imperialisrn. colo- Kim Il Sung, still greater empt. Rent for the exhibition nialism and hegemonism. At achievements in socialist revolu- hall was reduced. The Ministry the same time, energetic efforts tion and construction. He ex- of Railway gave priority to the should be made to d.evelop their pressed the beiief that the shipment of products to the national economies to provide a friendship and unity between sales exhibition. Many prov- better guarantee for their na- the two Parties, the two coun- inces and autonomou.s regions tional independence. Women tries and the two peoples of have chosen their be-st products are a great force in this en- China and Korea rvould develop display. deavour. He exp.rssed the con- for from generation to generation viction that unity and friendship and that this friendship anC Over the past few days the between China and the African unity rvould play a greater role exhibition halls were jammed countries would continue to thc people's progressive '*'ith visitors and shoppers. develop. in world cause. Korean Delegation. Chairman Hu Yaobang on May 19 met Ho Jong Suk said that the FOREIGN with a friendship delegation of Kr-rrean and Chinese peoples RELATIONS the Korean Supreme People's have common interests. "Dur- Assembly led by Mme. Ho Jong ing the visit," she said, "we Suk, Secretary of the Central witnessed that the friendship llu laobang ileets Foreign Committee of the Korean between our two countries is Workers' Pal'ty and Vice- very cordial and sincere. The Guests Chairman of the Standing Com- Korean people highly treasure Chairman Hu Yaobang met mittee of the A.ssembll'. Dur- such friendship and are deter- earlier this month with guests ing the meeting. Chairman Hu mined to continue their efforts from Zambia, Burundi and the stressed that the relations be- to promote this friendship."

8 Bei'jing Reuiew, No. 22 lNIIERNlr\ noNl\!. REPOR tS & CO,\AMEN tS

Molvinas Conllict wise move in the view of some US political figures. Shadow SuperpoYver A of Moscow Directs lts Speorheod Contention Agoinst the United Stotes More and more, the escalation of the Malvinas crisis has months have elapsed beneficial to Britain and created TWO been regarded as a golden op- r since the eruption of the conditions for direct US inter- portunity for Moscow. Shortly British-Argentine conflict over vention the strategic Mal- in after the conflict began, the the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands. vinas, they were turned down Soviet Central TV Station ap- The two superpowers have been by Argentina. The failure of peared unbiased. It called for following it closely and exploit- mediation was followed by open British withdrawal from the ing fully for their own in- Britain. it US support for Malvinas while criticizing Ar- terests. The United States first Washington has thus revealed gentina for uslng force. Argen- tried to mediate and then open- its appraisal of Britain as more tina, it said, covets parts of Iy supported Britain and im- important than Latin America Antarctica and the cccupation posed sanctions against Argen- on its chessboard of global of nearby islands enhances its tina. strategy, position in its designs, Moscow The Soviet Union initially Washington's open support subsequently changed its ap- tried to appear fair and objec- for Britain has aroused growing parent neutrality in the wake tive, but ldter turned to support resentment among Latin Ameri- of growing Latin American re- Argentina and criticized the can countries and impaired its sentment towards the US posi- United States and Britain with relations with them an un- tion and the appeal of some growing bitterness. Changes of - US and Soviet attitudes have thus cast over the Malvinas con- Appea! for an lmmediate Cessation flict a shadow of superpower Of Military Action contention. fIHINA'S Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ling The attitudes of the United \_,r Qing, recently expressed concern about the escalating armed States and the Soviet Union re- conflict over the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands. flect their strategic designs. In an address before the UN Security Council on May 24, he said there is danger the conflict will expand. He also appeaied Woshington's Strotegic once again to the United Kingdom and Argentina to quit fighting immediately and resume negotiations in order to peacefully settle Considerotion their dispute. At the beginning, the United He told the Council that conflict over the Malvinas Islands is States viewed both sides in the essentially a legacy of colonialism. "The United Nations has adopted resolutions relevant to the decolonization of these islands," he dispute as treaty-bound allies. said. "The conferences of heads of states or foreign ministers of Britain is an important NATO the non-aligned countries have also adopted resolutions on more member country and Argentina than one occasion clearly supporting Argentina's claim to is signatory sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands and calling on both sides to a state of the In- accelerate the process of negotiations." ter-American Reciprocal As- "The Chinese Government and people have always firmly sup- sistance Treaty. Therefore, the ported the struggle of the nations of the third world to safeguard armed confrontation between their sovereignty and territorial integrity. The national aspiration the people Britain and Argentina con- of Argentine to safeguard their sovereign right is under- standable. In our view, the Security Council should respect the cerns the relationship between recent decisions of the Co-ordinating Bureau of Non-Aligned Washington and NATO and the Countries as well as the meeting of consultation of ministers of relationship between Washing- foreign affairs of the Organization of American States and support ton and Latin America. Hence Argentina's claim to sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands. escalation the the intense US mediation effort "Any of military conflict between the United Kingdom and Argentina," he added, "not only gravely threatens to avoid damage to its relations peace and stability in the South Atlantic region, but is also against with the two sides. But as the the interests of the peoples of both countries.,, US proposals were essentially

May 31, 1982 ATLANTIC

I I . fucension i. t I I t \ \

l$/Fhrr\

Argentine armed forces land- vinas Islands on April 7. 11. Argentine aircraft sank the ed on the Malvinas IslandS British destroyer Sheftielil (Falkland) On April 8, Argentina an- on April 2 and took nounced the creation of the with a missile on May 4. control of the whole area. "South ;Atlantic ,Theatre ofl t2 British forces launched new British Prime Minister That- Operations" within 200 nau- attacks on the Malvinas Is- cher announced on April 3 tical miles of Argentina and lands on May g and 10, and that a large naval task force around the Malvinas Islands. British aircraft bombed Port was being dispatched the to 7. Argentino Darwin. South Atlantic (the scene of Britain's naval task force and Port the crisis). landed on South Georgia Is- Argentina took action to breik land on April 25. the air and naval blockade by Argentine troops occupied the British task force. Fierce South Georgia Island on B. British naval and air forces April fighting ar'orrnd the 3. This was announced by the began to take military action '*'ent on Malvinas on May 12. Argentine Government in an against the main Malvinas Is- Argentine April 4 communique. land on May 1. 13 On May 14, British warship armed forces fought back. 4 US Secretary of State Haig shelled Port Calderon on Bor- began mediation efforts on A British submarine torpedo- bon (Pebble) Island. Three April 6, seeking a peaceful ed the Argentine cruiser Gen- Argentine airplanes were solution to the dispute. He eral Belgirano outside the "ex- damaged. clusion zone" on May 2. announced the failure of L4. On May 16 British sea harrier mediation on April 30. jets 10 UN Secretary-General Javiet' attacked two bays - 5 Britain imposed a 200-mile Perez de Cuellar began me- Zorro and Darwin in the sea blockade around the Mal- diation work on May 2. Malvinas Strait. -

NATO membens for a peaceful report, during his talks with a Nloscow also presented itself settlement. Since then, it has Nicaraguan delegation on May as a "friend" of Latin American adopted the following tactics: 4, Leonid Brezhnev presented countries by pledging solidarity the first official Soviet view on First, to launch a propaganda with Latin American "patriotic the British-Argentine conflict campaign against the United and democratic forces" in op- with a single comment: "The posing (TASS, States, branding US action aS the United States imperialist nature of Washing- May 4). anti-Latin American. The Soviet ton's policy towards Latin paper lzrsestia maintains that American countries has been Second, to drive a rvedge the Malvinas conflict is also one given further evidence by the deeper between Western Europe between the United States and British-Argentine conflict over and the United States by exag- Argentina. According to a TASS the Falkland Islands.'r gerating their differences on the

10 Bei"jing Reuieu, No. 22 lNl'tEtrNlA'noNr\!. tttPoR ts & co|,\,\AeNrs

British-Argentine conflict. Mos- UN Security Council meeting positive approach designed to cow has accused the United held on May 23, most speakers gradually resolve the border States of disregarding the na- called on Britain and Argentina issue and other problems, to tional interests of West Euro- to end their hostilities and find further improve their relations pean countries by involving a negotiated settlement to their and expand friendly cG'opera- them in the Malvinas crises dispute over the Malvinas Is- tion in various fields. However, (TASS, May 7). lands. The manner in which the efforts made by Chifra and superpowers respond calls India at improving their rela- The British-Argentine armed the for close attention. tions are obviously not to thd conflict has been enlarging fol- Moscow's taste. lowing the British landing on XLnhua Correspondent the Malvinas Islands. At the - Tang Tianri Moscow has been attempting to drive a wedge between the two countries and damage their Moscow Attempts Sow Discord friendly relations for a long to time. Ever since the latter part of the 50s, it has engaged in Between lndio ond Chino sugh behaviour. TV'fHILE Chinese and Indian attitude. It holds that both Because its mind'is set on W officials were holding sides should treat each other world hegemony, the Sovidt their second round of talks in equally and, by taking into Union has developed the habit New Delhi, Moscow slandered account both historical back- of sowing discord and creating and attacked China. ground and present conditions differences between some coun- as weII as the sentiments of the tries so that it can fish in On May 15, a signed in com- two nations, seek a just and troubled waters. Its recent atl mentary, the TASS news reasonable solution to this issue tempt to generate discord b,e' agency falsely accused China through negotiations. The first tween China and India is a good of "occupying" large portions of round of talks held in Beijing example of its general be- Indian territory and suggested constituted a good start. At the haviour. that just way the "the to solve second round of talks in New border issue is for China to re- Delhi, both sides expressed a Ribao" Com- India the land occupies -<'ftsnlnin turn it desire for a sincere, friendly and flrcntator (MaA 21) and renounce its territorial claim." Moscow's anti-China com- Firm Support for Namibian ment is indicative of how much it fears and opposes the im- lndependence provement of relations between China and India. ,TIHE Chinese Government and The Arusho Declorotion I people support well-known the resolutely The extraordinary **tirg It is that people's just border issue between China and the Namibian was held to accelerate Namibia's India results from the period of struggle for an end to Pretoria's independence. occupation and their struggle to imperialist aggression and ex- declaration adopted by pansion achieve independence. A against China. China the meeting proclaimed the has been a victim. It has never They also strongly condemn Council's full support of the occupied any Indian territory so the South African authorities' justification Namibian people's armed strug- there is no for suppression of the Narnibian gle under the leadership of Moscow's provocative comment. people. the South West African PeoPle's To improve relations between This was said by China's reP Organization (SWAPO). It also the two countries and solve the resentative at the Extraordi- expressed the conviction that border issue, the Chinese Gov- nary Plenary Meeting of the UN the intensified armed liberation ernment has always adopted a Council for Namibia held at struggle being waged bY the positive and forward-Iooking Arusha, Tanzania, in mid-MaY. Namibian people continues to

Maa 31, 1982 11 be the decisive factor in their for the Namibian people's inde- tional liberation cannot be efforts to achieve self-deter- pendence struggle. Fifty African stopped. mination, freedom and national countries have already won in- Government independence. dependence, and this last colo- The Chinese strictly observes the UN resolu- nial bulwark will be surely The declaration denounced tions related to Namibia and has smashed by the historical trend. and rejected aII South African enacted punitive sanctions manoeuvres designed to perpe- against the South African Grotifying Results tuate its occupation of Namibia. authorities. Moreover, it has It also denounced the United The Namibian people, under refused to have any contact States for collaborating with the the leadership of SWAPO, have with them. The Chinese Govern- racist regime of South Africa. achieved gratifying results in ment and people will continue The declaration pointed out their political, diplomatic and to give political, diplomatic, that the UN plan contained in armed struggle. The frontline moral and material support to the Namibian people they Security Council resolutions 385 states have made great efforts until for Namibia's independence win comprete independ and 435 is the only universally "il""i. accepted basis for a negotiated and the historical wheel of na- r r* settlement. "The Council urges the inter- Politicol Situotion in ltaly national community to extend support and assistance to tFHE central issue discussed at ment took power last October. SWAPO for its liberation strug- r the 15th Congress of the The Italian Socialist Party be- gle and to the frontline states Italian Christian Democratic lieves that conditions are for defending their sovereignty Party, which ended early in favourable. During regional and territorial integrity against May, was its relationship with elections held last year and at South African aggressio[,", said the Socialist Party. ' the beginning of this year, the the programme of action number of its constituents in- As the Socialist Party is play- adopted at the meeting. creased together with its gener- ing an increasingly significant al influence. It has become role, US ond SoYiet tnterYention the manner in which the strong and now constitutes the The United States and the ruling Christian Democratic primary rival of the Christian Soviet Union have tried their Party deals with it is important Democratic Party for the prime best to intervene in African in- to the Italian political situation. minister's position. ternal affairs in order to ad- Next to the Christian Dem- vance their interests. Although ocratic Party and the Com- Tense Relotions Between the United States has favoured munist Party, the Socialist Party Democrots ond Sociolists settlement of the Namibian is the third biggest party. Last The crisis of the Italian econ- question through negotiation so June it joined the five- omy is unfavourable to the as to prevent the Soviet Union party coalition government, 'Christian Democratic Party. from expanding into the region, which was headed by Italy's The gross national product de- it has collaborated with South first non-Democratic Prime creased by 0.2 per cent last year, African authorities, thus embol- Minister. since World War only the second such decrease dening the racists. II. Giovanni Spadolini, leader since World War II. Inflation The Soviet Union is attempt- of the Republican Party, was has been controlled to some de- ing to penetrate southern Africa selected prime minister. West- grees, but sometimes it has been under the pretext of "support- ern observers said at that time 20 per cent. The number of ing the national-liberation it was a "transitional" period. unemployed workers is over 2 movement" and through its Since the Communist Party did million. join government, "military aid." It has also at- not the pri- The Socialist Party claims this tempted to put the Namibian mary rivalry was expected to is a result of the retrenchment occur between people's struggle for indepen- members of the policy initiated by the Christian ruling Christian Democratic dence into its expansionist orbit. Democratic Party. It advocates Party and the Socialist Party. Rivalry be'tween the United lower bank interest rates and States and the Soviei Union and Following the election of more investments designed to South Africa's last ditch efforts French president Mitterrand, arovide jobs. Meanwhile, it has have produced great difficulties the Panhellenic Socialist Move- (Continued on p. 25.)

12 Bei,jing Rersieu, No. 22 Artieles & I)oeurnents On China's Economic Relations With Foreign Countries Editoriol Deportment of "Hongqi"

J N order to bring about a new situation and The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Party 'f develop all forms of economic relations with Central Committee, held towards the end of foreign countries, we must evaluate our his- 1978, decided that economic relations with torical and new experiences, acquire a better un- foreign countries should be escalated. This was derstanding of the principles and policies of the a far-sighted policy decision. Recently the Party Party Central Committee and implement them Central Committee again proposed that our effectively. socialist modernization programme should make use of two resources domestic and foreign; The.Nature of Economic Relations with - develop two markets domestic internq- Foreign Countries and tionai; and master two- skills organizing con- Most countries attach great importance to struction at home and developing- economic re" developing economic relations with other coun- lations with foreign countries. This decision tries. Some countries and regions, such as further clarified the strategic position of foreign Japan, Singapore and Xianggang (Hongkong), economic relations. are vitally dependent on foreign economic After the October lfevolution, dealings. More than a century ago, Mafx and Lenin favour- Engels pointed out that, with the formation of ed concessions because the Soviet Union was faced with the capitalist world market, mutual economic extremely difficult problems. It had more exchanges and mutual dependence among na- than 200 enterprises under concessions, tions gradually replaced the age-old practice of which brought in several dozen million gold closing a country to the outside world and roubles of foreign funds. Although Lenin pursuing self-sufficiency. During the past few agreed that dealing with international capital decades, especially since World War II, still wes necessary, he realized that this involved greater development has been achieved in this serious struggles. He also made it clear that respect. This is an inevitable trend of social such dealings were intended to promote socialist development. economic construction of the Soviet state. After the founding of the People's Republic, We should still follow Lenin's example. The we traversed a tortuous road in our foreign ideas of closing the country to outside world, economic relations and made little progress. working in isolation and refusing to have any This wab not due to our intention of closing the dealings with international capital are mistaken. country to the outside world. but there were Nevertheless, any thinking or action which feasons for this state of affairs. First, major ignores or gives up necessary struggles in such capitalist countries in the world headed by the dealings is mistaken. United States adopted an antagonist policy We should sum up our experiences, for- towards us, They once blockaded and levied an mulate appropriate principles, policies and embargo on China. Second, since the 1g60s when methods after careful consideration and sustain- the Soviet Union terminated its economic con- tracts with us, our economic exchanges with the ed effort, and blaze a trail of developing China's Soviet Union and some other countries drastical- foreign economic relations which suits the and ly declined. Third, for a long periofl, especially Chinese international conditions. during the "cultural revolutjon," the principle of self-reliance was seriously distorted. This An lmportant Strategy for Modernization principle is a correct one, but it is wrong to dis- What are the historical conditions and situa- tort it and pit it against developing foreign eco- tion in which we carry out our present mod- nomic relations. ernization programme?

Mag 31, 1982 13 We have four major favourable conditions: dence and keep the initiative in regard to our construction First, a socialist economic and political sys- of socialist modernization. We must not waver position. tem has been established throughout the coun- from this At the same time, we should make try, except in Taiwan Province. Private owner- full use of the favourable foreign factors, develop our national industry as ship of the means of production has been replac- quickly as possible economic contacts ed by public ownership, members of the exploit- through of ing classes have been transformed into labourers with foreign countries and with the help foreign funds advanced and earning their own means of living, and the key and technology, thereby make more rapid advances our so- sectors of the national economy are controlled in cialist modernization drive. by the state which represents the working class and other labouring people. With regard to foreign relations, we should oppose the wrong tendency to close the country Second, the task of setting things right in to the outside world and cherish groundless guiding ideology has been completed and a set arrogance, and the mistaken tendency to feel of line, principles and policies to accomplish the inferior and think all foreign things are good. four modernizations have begun to be formulated. There is a strong Party Central Com- Export and lmport mittee directing our pursuit of the four modernizations. A central task in developing economic relations with foreign countries is to properly Third, our armed forces have the strength handle the relationship between exports and td safeguard our people's peaceful construction; imports. The following six problems need to and with.a correct foreign policy, we enjoy high be studied. political prestige in the world. l. Using Foreign Funds. Generally speaking, Fourth, the international environment is we have adopted three ways of using foreign favourable for us to concentrate on our mod- funds. First, arrange direct foreign investments ernization drive. We have developed economic in the forms of joint ventures, co-operative and trade exchanges with 174 countries and enterprises, co-operative exploitation of natural regions. resources, compensatory trade as well as processing and assembling. Second, get long- and We also have four unfavourable conditions: medium-term loans at medium and low interest First, although our technical force is no rates provided by foreign governments and in- longer small and even advanced in some re- ternational financial organizations as well as spects, generally speaking, our equipment, other funds for development. Third, ordinary technology, technical personnel and manage- commercial loans. In the near future, direct ment are still backward. A big gap still remains investment should be the most important between where we stand and the most advanced method. Big, medium-sized and small projects levels in the world. are now undertaken simultaneously, with medium-sized and small ones as the major form. Second, although we have established a Foreign and overseas Chinese capitalists and sound material foundation and can accumulate Xianggang (Hongkong), Aomen some funds, the amount is still limited. Our capitalists in (Macao) and Taiwan are welcome invest accumulations are not sufficient to meet the all to projects get profits. needs of construction. in our and they will their Discretion should be applied when we Thir4 although it is advantageous to have accept conventional commercial loans, and we rich natural resources, a large proportion of our should draw lessons from the experience of resources are still underground. Therefore, this those countries deep in debt. is only a potential advantage not an actual one. 2. Import Advanced Scientific and Tech- Fourth, our population is too large, which nological Know-how. Advanced scientific and creates a heavy burden. Although it consti- technological know-how roughly includes sophis- tutes a rich labour power resource, we are not ticated equipment and accessories; new and in a position to fully utilize it. Of course, this high-quality. materials, new principles, data and burden will become an asset if *e develop the formulas; new technological processes and means to fully utilize the labour power of our scientific procedures of operation and advanced people. management methods. Given these historical conditions, we must We need to analyse the mistakes we've work hard, be self-reliant, maintain indepen- made regarding the import of equipment. We

14 Beijing Reuieu, No. 22 neecieci to buy complete sets of some equipment foreign countries, which has also increased ex- from abroad in the past and this will continue ports of domestically produced building ma- to be so for some time to come. There were protr- terials. Therefore, we have a bright future in lerhs in this matter: 1) we imported too much; this field. 2) the same equipment was unnecessarily pur- Co-operation in labour does not merely chased by different localities; 3) we did not buy mean undertaking contract projects abroad. It properly related technology at the same time and also entails running processing industries u'ith 4) we failed to study the equipment, and master materials, models and blueprints supplied by and spread knowledge of its use. Once we have foreign businesses, establishing enterprises solved these problems, we do better job. can a abroad and developing the tourist industry. As to the import of new, high-quality ma- Enterprises which process materials supplied by terials, we should first rely on our own produc- foreign businesses should sell their products tion efforts. Experts and technicians should be abroad and not on the home market. encouraged organized solve critical and to 4, Expand Exports. The volume of China's problems production, increasing variety and in exports leaves much to be desired. We hope to expanding production. However, we should see quick development in this area before too realize that it is our long-term policy to import long. various raw and other materials, particularly new and high-quality materials essential to our Exports from the following four categories construction. should be expanded: 1) mineral products, nonferrous and rare metals (in the past it was be- With regard to the import of advanced lieved that materials of strategic importance scientific technological knowledge and and should not be exported, an old-fashioned con- management methods, we did not devote suf- cept); 2) machines and electrical appliances; 3) ficient time and effort to learning from out- the textiles and other light industrial products, art side world. We should encourage our cadres, in- and handicraft products such as porcelain, tellectuais and workers to win honour the for drawnworks, traditional Chinese medicine, gar- nation. Their motto should improve be: skills ments, embroideries and carvings; and 4) local from scientific studies and learn from experts. specialties including tea, medicinal herbs, The central authorities and local depart- animal products, famous wild vegetables and ments should do a good job in administering and preserved fruit. using foreign exchange under the state's unified Appropriate policies should be formulated leadership. Foreign exchange should be used to facilitate the expansion of exports. We should where it is most needed. should be used to It e.stablish our own sales and service networks help Chinese industries replace equipment and abroad and we should increase our efforts to achieve technological transformation, and to buy enhance the reputation of our products by im- advanced equipment and accessories needed by proving their quality and fulfilling contracted new industries. It should also be used to buy responsibilities in good faith. Transportation things the state is not able to supply: new-type, and storage problems should be solved. We high-quality materials urgently pro- needed by should place the related organizations under cessing industries which cater..to foreign trade, unified leadership and give full scope to the means production the of urgently needed by enthusiasm of the departments and localities. agriculture, and consumer goods indispensable to the people's livelihood. Consumer goods 5. Support the Third World. We are com- people should only be imported according to state plan. mitted to supporting third world in their No other departments and localities should im- efforts to safeguard national independence, port consumer items without state authoriza- develop their national economies and in their tion. just struggles against imperialism, colonialism and hegemonism. This is our bounden inter- 3. Expand International Co-operation in national duty. During the last three decades Labour. China's rich labour resources enable it and more, we have done a great deal in this field to co-operate with other countries in labour. and have played a positive and important role in international affairs. China sent 17,000 contract workers abroad in 1981, but this still fell far short of the demand Most third world countries are friendly to and lagged behind other developing countries. China and are active in opposing imperialism, Chinese civil engineering companies have colonialism and hegemonism. But great differ- worked on numerous construction projects in ences remain in their social and politieal sys-

May 31, 1982 15 tems and their levels of ecohomic development. relations. Given close economic relations with Most of them are poor and some are among the foreign countries, it will be easy for us to poorest nations in the world, Only a few are develop relations with them in the political very rich. The United Arab Emiiates, Qatar and field. But if we fail to forge close economic Kuwait lead the world in per-capita Gross Na- relationships, our diplomacy will also suffer in tional Product and many other third world the political arena. coirntries are much richer than China. We While expanding our economic relations should keep this complicated situation in mind with other nations, we should earnestly study policies supporting third while formulating the all advanced foreign scientific, cultural and world countries, including those concerning eco- management knowledge. Nevertheless, w€ nomic aid and exchanges. In carrying out these should firmly resist the influence of all decadent policies, we should deal differently the with bourgeois ideas. third world countries. We should strictly enforce discipline con- Many third world countries are developing cerning our economic activities with foreign their economies on a sizable scale and there is countries and it should be observed by everyone much we can do in the way of economic co- dealing with foreign countries in the economic operation. field. Those who err should be dealt with ac- Where our abilities permit, we should grant cording to Party and gbvernment discipline or material support to poor countries that are state law. in difficulties and are being invaded or under It is imperative to strengthen education the threat of force. in patriotism and internationalism. In their 6. The Relationship Between Politics and dealings with foreign countries and businesses, Economics. A long-standing concept has it tldt our Party members, cadres and citizens should economics should be 'subordinate to politics. be taught to resist the corruptive influence of This makes some sense, but it is far from per- bourgeois ideology and safeguard national fect. According to the basic Marxist viewpoint, prestige and interests as well as the reputation economics and politics influence each other, but of the Party and the country. in the final analysis, it is economics that deter- (An abridged, translation of an article mines politics. The same holds true for foreign published in "Hongqi," No. 8) Report on 1982 Draft State Budget (Excerpts) -At the 23rd Session of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress on April28, 1982

by Wang Bingqian, Minister of Finance l. Draft State Budget lor 1982 The basic principles for the budgetary ar- rangement are: Adhere to the principle of ensuring the planned economy to play the key role and letting regulation by the market play the supplement- ary role, and make efforts to increase state revenue by increasing production and raising economii results. Continuously control the scale of capital construction and all expenses; appropriately in-

16 Beijing Revieut, No. 22 crease investments on energy and transport facilities and expenditures for cultural and educational undertakings and national defence. Stabilize the present policy of distribution and enable the livelihood of people in the cities and countryside to improve continuously on the basis of developed production. Continue to maintain basic balances between financial and credit receipts and payments and keep market prices basically stable so as to ensure a steady development of the national economy. According to the above-mentioned requirements, this draft state budget has planned the total revenue at 110,450 million yuao and total The electrolyser at the Tianyuan Chemical lVorks ln expenditure, 113,450 million yuan, with a def- Chongqing saves electricity. icit of 3,000 million yuan. Efforts will be made to narrow this margin through increasing pro Ttre planned total expenditure for 1982 has duction and practising economy. been increased by 4,480 million yuan. Major expenses are as follows: The total revenue planned in the 1982 state budget has been raised by 4,020 million yuan 1. Appropriations for capital construction over that of last year. The various receipts are: are 29,730 million yuan, of which investment receipts from enterprises, 34,410 million yuan; directly arranged by the state for capital con- from various tax levies, 64,600 million yuan; struction is 18,630 million yuan, an increase of other sources, 240 million yuan; basic deprecia- 1,000 million yuan over last year. The invest- tion funds from enterprises to central author- ment will be primarily used to construct energy, ities, 2,200 million yuan; receipts from treasury transport and other basic facilities. Investment bonds, 4,000 million yuan; and receipts frqm and reserve funds arranged by the localities foreign loans, 5,000 million yuan. from their financial resources are 6,100 million yuan; investment from foreign loans, 5,000 mil- Planned total state revenue for 1982 has lion yuan. These have been reduced compared been calculated mainly according to the growth with last year. rate of total industrial and agricultural output value as well as that of social retail sales of 2. Funds for developing the potential of commodities stipulated in the plan for economic enterprises and financing their technicatr trans- and social development. At the same time, we formation and the trial manufacture of new products have taken into account the added incomes re- total 5,420 million yuan, basically the same as last propor- sulting from the reduction clf enterprise costs, year. In addition, certain reductions of management losses, consolidations tions of basic depreciation funds and profits the enterprises are entitled keep according to of financial affairs in enterprises, improving the to stipulations may be used for these purposes and work of tax levy as well as state monopoly of they amount to more than 20,000 million yuan. tobacco business and price increases for cigaret- It is necessary for us to make an overall plan tes and aleoholic drinks. We have also con- and utilize these funds rationally and raise the sidered the reduction of income caused by re- results of utilization. ducing the prices of terylene-cotton fabrics, TV and radio sets, wrist watches, stretch nylon, by 3. An additional working fund of 2,400 subsidizing prices for major agricultural and million yuan for enterprises is earmarked. This sideline products and basic daily necessities for fund will be used mainly to meet the needs of the people, by creating more job opportunities newly built enterprises and storing some goods for job-waiting youths in the cities and towns as and materials. Significant funds are presently well as by raising the expenses to maintain the being used for production and circulation and simple reproduction of metallurgical, chemical there has been a serious stockpiling of goods industrial and forestry enterprises. Generally and materials. The state is taking measures and speaking, the arrangements for revenue are urging enterprises to reduce their use of work- reliable and worked out in a positive manner. ing funds to a reasonable level.

1982 Mag 31, 17 4. Financial aid to rural people's com- modernization and regularization of the armed munes and expenses for agricultural undertak- forces, it is necessary to increase appropriately ings total 7,610 million yuan, up from last year. the expenses for this purpose. We will deveiop agriculture mainly by relying 7. Administrative expenses are 7,800 mil- on policies, sc.ience and the collective economy. lion yuan, 560 million yuan more than last year. At the same time, the state will give some neces- This is mainly because public security, procur- sary support. atorial and judicial work needs to be strengthen- 5. Expenditures for culture, education, ed. A certain number of army officers have public health work and science total 18,000 mil- been assigned to do office work, their rl'ages, lion yuan. Having been increased during the administrative and business expenses need to past few years, the total this year rises by 780 be increased, million yuan. In addition, the local.ities and' 8. The total reserves are 2,700 million enterprises have also earmarked considerable yuan, of which 1,000 million yuan are for the funds for this purpose. Although the state has central authorities and 1,700 million yuan for been faced with serious financial difficulties for the localities. some years, it has made great efforts to accelerate the development of culture, education, pub- 9. Payments of principal and interest on lic health work and science. In the five years foreign loans total 3,550 million yuan. It is from 1977 to 1981, state revenue increased at an estimated that by the end of 1982 the state's average progressive rate of 5.3 per cent every foreign loans will exceed 5,000 million US year, but the funds for cultural, educational, dollars. public health and scientific undertakings increased at a corresponding rate of 15 per cent The draft state budget will continue to annually. maintain a basic balance between revenue and expenditure. It will tre conducive to controlling 6. Expenditures on national defence are market prices, gradually eliminating potential 17,870 million yuan. an increase of 1,070 million danger in the national economy and ensuring yuan over last year. In order to speed up economic stability. The budgetary arrangements have taken into consideration the needs of developing the national economy in the future and include preparations for future development. This draft state budget has also addressed the need to continuously improve the people's livelihood on the basis of developed production. Proper arrangements have been made with regard to finding employment for job-'n'aiting youths in the cities and towns, raising the wages of those working in state organs and those in scientific. cultural, educational and public health departments where the bonus system has not been instituted.

ll. Work Hard to Fulfil the 1982 State Budget In <-,rder to ensure a basic balance betrveen revenue and expenditure, we must do the following: 1. Centring around better economic results, we need to mobilize the masses to further carry out the movement of increasing production a,nd practising economy. Judging from the trend of production development this year, it is com- pletely possible to fulfil the targets set in the state plan. We should nrake efforts to achieve a Nlcmbcrs c,t a ('ommunt agrotechnical station in quicker growth rate of production and better Jiangxi Province teaching peasants how to prepare seeds, economic results. While increasing production,

18 Beijing Reuiew, Na, 22 state revenue should also be increased so as to concerning the distribution of financial resources make the revenue and industrial and agricul- and maintain its stability and continuity. Since tural production grow at the same rate. This is the Third Plenary Session of the 1lth Party the first and foremost condition for fulfilling Central Committee, the state has readjusted its and overfulfilling the 1982 state budget. policy concerning the distribution of financial resources so as to improve the seriously dis- 2. It is necessary to consolidate the finan- proportionate relationship between accumula- cial work of enterprises and strengthen taxation tion and consumption as well as the overcon- work, and strive to increase revenue. The State centration of financial power and rigid oontrol. Council has decided to devote two or three years The livelihood of urban and rural people has to consolidating enterprises group by group and been improved and the financial power of enter- in a planned way. This will strengthen the prises enlarged. Under these circumstances, the basic work of financing and accounting in enter- distribution of financial resources should be kept prises and thoroughly carry out the system of within the limits of the state's financial strength. business accouniing in these units in order to We must not attempt things which are beyond clarify fundamentally the confused financial our ability. We can, however, carry out some affairs of the enterprises, We will eliminate necessary readjustments and consolidation work loopholes in revenue and expenditure through gradually on that part which is not rational the consolidation and take back that part of under the precondition of keeping the policy state revenue which has been acquired illegally stable. by some enterprises. If we do a good job in this regard, it will be possible for us to increase 5. It is necessary to enforce state law and this year's revenue by some 2,000 million yuan. discipline and carry out a resolute struggle This will enormously help balance the budget. against criminal activities in the economic field. Economic criminal activities are often linked' 3. It is necessary to control the expenditure with the violation of financial discipline. The within the limits of the state's financial resources financial and taxation departments at various according to the principle of seeking truth from levels should find and provide clues on economic facts and doing what is possible. criminal cases through supervision over financial affairs and, under the leadership of the In regard to economic construction, we must local people's governments, co-ordinate closely pay attention to the role of the bank. is neces- It with public security, procuratorial and judicial sary to make planned use of deposits by local- departments to carry out the struggle. The ities, enterprises and individuals to support the financial departments should also examine nation's economic construction the through loopholes and shortcomings in the current -bank's credit business and under the precondi- financial system and financial administration, plan. tion of a basic balance of the credit work hard on financial legislation and perfect 4. We should uphold the current policy economic laws and rqqulations. tr For the Heolthy Growth of Chino's 300 Million Children

On the eoe o! lnternational Children's Day meetings called for a national efivphasis on chil- (June 1), our comespond,ent uisited Zhan4 Shu- d"ren's education and child" uelfare uork. Troo yi, Secretary-General of the Chinese People's months later, the AIL China Co-ordinating Com- National Committee in Defence of Chi,ldren, who mi,ttee for Children's Work was founded. Head- has been engaged in chil.d.ren's uork Jor many ed by Kang Keqi.ng, President of the AII-China geqrs. Women's Federation, it includ,es 76 organizo- The Secretariat o1' the CPC Central Com- tions such os the AIL-China Wdmen's Federation, mittee and Vice-Premiers of the State Council the Central Committee of the Chinese Commu- called meetings on children's work tn March nist Youth League, the Ministry o! Education, last year. Attended bg responsible members oJ the Ministrg of Public Health, the Ministry ot gotsernment departments and the oarious peo- Culture, the Ministry oJ Commerce. the Ministry ple's organizations and children's toorkers, the oJ Light lndustrg, the State Phgsical Culttne

May 31, 1982 19 and Sports Commission and, the Chinese Peo- styles. Although our economic construction has pel's National Committee in Def ence of Children. advanced from a very low starting point since nationwide Iiberation in 1949, our children's What is the present state of China's chil- health has improved thanks to the guarantee of dren's usork? What progress has been made stable lives for our people. ouer the past year? The follouing is a reuiero of the current situation as it is seen bg Zhang The government has adopted many effec- Shuyi. Ed. tive children's health services and has achieved - notable results. f't HINA'S children's work has developed in \-/ breadth and depth over the past year. The A children's health network has been es- - Newborns country's situation of unity and stability and the tablished throughout the country. vaccinations harmonious family and neighbourhood environ- and children receive free BCG whooping ment have enabled its 300 million children and inoculations against diptheria, poliomyelitis en- under 14 to live happily and grow healthily. cough, tetanus, measles, and infants, They receive the joint care of families, schools cephalitis B. Among diseases fatal to given to res- and society. Many are studying hard and strive acute contagious diseases have way premature birth, to be worthy successors to the socialist cause. piratory system infections, congenital malformation and intestinal diseases. Family Education Before liberation, the country's infant mor- Over the years, the government has carried tality rate was as high as 200 per thousand. out a family planning policy and has encouraged Now, in large and medium-sized cities, it has each couple to have only one child. Prevehtion dropped to 12 per thousand. It is 20-30 per of birth defects and scientific child-rearing have thousand in the rural areas and a bit higher in aroused universal interest. Many young parents the remote mountainous areas. are eager to broaden their children's knowledge Urban women workers and staff enjoy and to help them become useful people as they eight- weeks of paid maternity leave and free grow up. However, they lack experience in medical care for pre-natal checkups and de- scientific child-rearing methods. Newspapers, livery. Bigger plants have creches or nurseries. magazines and radio and TV stations have wide- and encourage young mothers to breast feed publicized ly knowledge concerning children's their babies. Mothers of babies under 12 months early education, particularly the science of old have an hour of nursing time each day educating the only child. Some 19 family educa- during work hours. Rural areas are required tion research organizations have been founded to arrange light jobs near women's homes in Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hu- during their menstrual. pregnant and nursing nan and other places. They study children's periods. There is no universal stipulation for family education and offer advice as well as holding seminars for swapping experiences in this field. The current national campaign to identify "five-good families" plays a positive role in children's education. The requirements for a "five-good family" include: its members must have a positive attitude towards work and life, and the reilations between them must conform to socialist ethics. Principally, respect for the aged, and support and education for the young should be exemplary. In places where such activities are carried out well, people become more conscious of creating healthy family conditions for their children. Many young parents now pay more attention to their own behaviour in \{YgiZf^!"*'ff* order to set good examples for their children. Medical Care & Health SerYice related to social Children's health is closely dairy people's life Powdered nrilk turned out by a children's economic development and the Droducts factorY'

20 Beqing Reuiew, No, 22 rural women's maternity leave. But they get at least one month's rest, and in the wellrcff communes and brigades, women get some subsidies during maternity leave. Since the practice of production responsibility system in the rural areas in recent years, more protection has been provided for pregnant women, women in their maternity leave and new-born babies. Over the last few years many places have developed- methods to reward couples with only one child, which vary according to the local conditions. Some places extend the paid maternity leave to six months, pay a health allowance for the only child (five yuan monthly) or improve the housing conditions of the single-child families. Some large and medium-srzed cities' medical- and scientific departments have begun to study prevention of birth defects and the scientific way of child-rearing, in consultation with hospitals.

A brigade-run kindergarten in Hubei Province which lllurseries and Kindetgafiens enrols children aged 2-6 free of charge. China has a total of 150 million pre-school 'nurseries children. There are 990,000 and - Some nurseries and kindergartens are kindergartens througout the,country, of which run by neighbourhood committees. Depart- 7,000 were completed last year with 100 million ments concerned provide possible support and yuan of state funds. They enrol one-fourth of aid in the form of professional guidance, train- the country's pre-school children. Most of the ing for the teaching staff and in funds and nursing and teaching staff have attended some faciliiies. These thriftly run nurseries and sort of training courses. kindergartens are very popular, as they charge Iess than the others and are very convenient, China's nurseries and kindergartens have been developed to suit the country's construc- - Because there are still too few state- tion and to meet the needs of working mothers. funded nurseries and kindergartens, in recent The types of nurseries and kindergartens are as years retirees from schools, kindergartens and follows: factories have been encouraged to set up family nurseries or pre-schools. In China's northeast A small number of nurseries and kinder- Heilongjiang Province, some 120,000 families gartens- are run by the government's medical or are taking care of 180,000 children, about 14 educational departments in large and medium- per cent of the province's total. sized cities. With the best available facilities and teaching staff, they are exemplary schools - Rural nurseries and kindergartens are that are open to the teaching staff of other run by production teams, brigades and people's nurseries and kindergartens for observation and communes. Their size and form are determined education. in line with the development of production and the needs of the masses. Some are temporary Many kindergartens, nurseries and ones for busy farming seasons and others take creches- are run by factories, enterprises, gov- the form of mutual aid. ernment organizations and schools which mainly serve their own workers and staff. The mir-ri- The production responsibility system re- mum age requirement for attending these in- cently introduced in the rural areas has facil- stitutions and the length of time for the kids itated the rational distribution of work inside to stay there depend on the need of their families and is beneficial to women's ability to parents' work. Some women workers can bring take care of both production and housework. theif babies to the creches as soon as their Most children under three are looked after by maternity leave ends. their mothers or grandparents.

May 31, 1982 21 ',, ;!!,':a xt; i.,zd%-i*r.r&si*@ Ch ina's Ch ild ren at W ,l

."* 1 '. ;1- I r' ",r

Let's g0 clean

Dancers-to-be.

Young musicians. With the master wresUer.

#*q# -t .,&!6'

Practising hard,

A Red Scarf weather torecasl station. In some places, the economic and cultural developments have improved the peasants' living standards substantially enough that parents now wish their children to receive early education. there, rural kindergartens have been established very quickly, and some rural primary schools have incorporated pre-school classes. In the rural areas of Shandong Province in east China, 1,300 primary schools have set up pre- schools that enrol 180,000 children, and about 65 per cent of the province's rural children are enrolled in the various childcare facilities. In the better-off Yantai Prefecture, a full 83.9 per cent of the pre-school children are accommodat- ed by nurseries or kindergartens. Nurseries and kindergartens are promoted for the purposes of educating the children and freeing their parents from some of the burdens at home. As the basis of China's pre-school education is poor and the number of profes- sionally trained teaching staff is small, there are shortcomings in this work, such as insufficient attention to the special needs of different age groups. In some schools the teaching staff im- itates the teaching methods used for primary school pupils or even for aduits. In the cities, although the number of childcare facilities is increasing, the;r still faII short of the demand. T-t is essential to strengthen the training of the nurs- "Do you knorv how much you weigh"? ing and teaching staff and to estabiish more nurserres. manners, hygiene, discipline and morals during "courtesy month." The Young Pioneer or- Schools and Society ganizations have also named some streets "Red China's primary school pupils number 146 Scarf Streets," where they take care of hygiene million, accounting for g3 per cent of the coun- and maintain order. In some places, children try's total school-age children. A small per- who are exemplary in serving the collective and centage of children in the remote and rural are enthusiastic in helping others are honoured areas do not attend school at all, and a small "Red Flower Youngsters." AIl these activities number of students quit school before they are very much welcomed by the school pupils. measures finish. Now, are being taken to en- Some large and medium-sized cities active- go able these children to to schooi. including ly offer facilities and places for children's ex- plans Iocate schools rationally so the to that tra-curricular activities and appoint profession- peasants' children are not required travel to als to work as counsellors. In Lhasa, the capital long distances to attend classes. Class hours of the Tibet Autonomous Region, a children's are also becoming more flexible so that the palace, a children's recreation centre and chil- students study more during slack farming the dren's cultural centres have been established. season and less during the busy farming season. In addition to the funds allotted by the govern- studies affected Thus their won't be adversely ment, the Lhasa children's palace also received when they leave school to help light farm- with toys and funds donated by Shanghai's children work. and Chongqing's youth. Children's palaces, re- China's children from the age of 7 to L4 creation centres, scientific and technological have their own organization the Young centres, amateur sports schools and parks have Pioneers. After school, they take part- in various also been established in many other cities. In kinds of cultural, artistic, scientific and sports addition, there are many smalL-sized activity activities. Children in many cities, have partic- stations run by urban neighbourhood commit- ipated in recent activities stressing decorum, tees. They prepare hot lunches for children

24 Bei'jing Retsieus, No, 22 whose parents' work places are too far tc allow over 3,000 persons, including foreign friends and them to come back for lunch and they organize overseas Chinese. Many artistic organizations after school activities. have given benefit performances to raise money Ttre country now has 13 children's news- for the foundation. papers and 63 children's periodicals, of which In addition, preparations are being made to Zhongguo Shaonian Bao (China's Children's establish a child development centre which will Paper) has the largest circulation in the country expand its facilities with support from the - l0 million copies. There are five publishing United Nations Children's Fund. It plans pre- houses for children's books, and many other grammes that will popularize appropriate for- publishers print children's reading materials. eign experiences and train children's workers in La-st year 2,500 children's book titles were pub- multiple branches of learning. lished, totalling 780 million copies. To make more and better films for the children, a chil- China is a developing country. Our child dren's film studio was established last year, and welfare work is far frorn satisfactory, due to all of the country's raciio and TV stations ruri our limited cultural and economic development. childrdn's programmes. But we are making progress. Although the vocational level among those doing children's In 1981, the National Children's Cultural work is not high, many of them are studying and Artistic Committee and the National Com- hard and possess the spirit of serving the people mittee of Articles for Children's Daily Use were and are willing to devote themselves to the fcrunded. country's socialist cause. With this spirit, our The Chinese Children's Foundation, which child.r'en's work wiil be constantly improved announEed its establishment not long ago, has with the development of our national economy. already received donations from 130 units and !

(Conti.nued from p. 72.) to consolidate its position and from the Communist Party. acquire more power. Another faction stressed the expressed deep dissatisfaction policy of "co-operation and with the external policies of the The Christian Democratic competition." After the debate, Christian Democratic Party, Party and the Communist Party Ciriaco de Mita, who advocates. such as buying Soviet natural opposed arr early election. Pres- this policy towards the Social- gas from Siberia, sanc- ident Pertini not only levying Sandro ist Party, was elected as the tions against Argentina a'nd ifs rejected the position of the So- new secretary of the Christian opposition Salvadoran cialist Party, also asked it to the but Democratic Party. guerrillas. These political views to consider its political actions have attracted support from the in light of the nation's interests. Observers do not believe his Social Democratic Party. Prinre Minister Giovanni Spa- election will resolve the rivalry. dolini mediated the dispute in Relations between the ruling The Socialists and Democrats an attempt to avoid a govern- parties, the Christian Democrat- have repeatedl.y skirmished and ment crisis. Under these circum- ic Party and the SociaList Party sometirnes attacked each other. stances the Socialist Party could in particular, will again become As a result, the government is taking tense. At the same time the on the verge of collapse. In not but refrain from drastic measures and the govern- Communist Party has broad- April the Socialist Party charg- temporarily ened its influence. In a run- ed the Democratic minister of ment crisis was avoided. ning battle between the Chris- the treasury with slander. The tian Democratic Part;, and the Socialists asked him to resign Socialist Party, some Democrats and threatened to withdraw Politicol Situstion Remoins have called for a coalition with from the cpalition govern- Unstoble the Communist Party. These ment he Observers ensued the if didn't. A heated debate at developments indicate that the said that the Socialist Party 15th Congress of the Christian political situation in Italy is adopted such resolute atti- a Democratic Party about the quite complicated. With the de- tude because wanted to topple it tense relations with the Social- teriorating economy, the polit- Parliament the event a in of ist Party. A faction did not ical situation there is still un- cabinet crisis and bring about agree to make too rnany con- settled. an early general election. cessions tc'the Socialist Party Through the election, it hoped and wanted to obtain support -Zhang Qihua May 31, 1982 25 titofA Tile cillNESa PR.ESS......

OPINION at home. We must organize this energy and co-ordinate it. In this way China can Promote Socialist Home Eduea,tion socialist home education. (Obseru ation mHE training children re- enthusiastic about imProving - " Liaoto ang" I ceive at home is a vital part the education childrcn receive Post) of their education. After birth. a baby starts its learning at home and two-thirds of its childhood is spent in the domestic environment,

Home educntir-rn should be given top priority. AII children in China are citizens of this sr-rcialist society and the masters oI its tomorrow. Parents should be provided wilh training as they are duty bound to educate their children. In industry, workers can work independently ' only after a period of instruction. Teaching the younger generation is pro- ducing humans, our most pre- cious products. Hence we need "What a good cilizenl" praises the grandfather as his small charge to teach parents how to raise joins the anti-littering campaign. their children. The majority of parents today do not receive parental training. With only one child in COMMENT the family, it is vitally important for parents to have experience Children, IYot Profit to r-ear'their first child because For they are not going to have a second. Thus studying in home If IAOXUESIIENG Bao Some other publishing houses education is a pressing need. A leupils' Paper) published put out low-grade publications in Liaoning Province is attract- for the sake of profit. This China still has no outline or ing a growing readership. Its children's paper, by contrast, book on home education. The editorial department suggested has shown true concern for its published articles are mostly to its young readers: There was young readers. Its responsible geared towards urban families. no need for everyone to have efforts are worthy of others' but China's populace is over- his own copy. Some should emulation. whelmingly rural Many oI subscribe to other children's China's 200 million families We do not object to the cul- papers or have acquired rich experiences Periodicals. tural departments caring about in educating their children The editorial department business accounting. But it is which should be collected, sorted quoted Lu Xun: "You must act more vital to increase reader- and summarized. The Chinese like the bees which can make ship through healthY content people have a tradition of family honey only by collecting pollen and quality. On no account education and historical ac- from many flowers. If you should publishers cater to the counts are wrcrthy of study. stick to one flower, what You unhealthy interests by Printing Today, numerous people are very gain will be limited and drY." crude, lorv and vulgar materials.

26 Beijing Retsiew, No. 22 LIFE Friendship

Following is a composition bg invited him to their families, Yang Ming, a pupil of the No. some tugging at his arm. My 1 Primary School oJ Zhonghua little brother stood firm: "I will Road, Shanghai. published in not let you drag him away. I the column Primary School want brother Wang Yong, I Pu,pils' Good Compositions ol want him!" Wang Yong was "Wenhui Bao." - Ed. unable to get a rvord in edge- "My teacher is my mothcr'. wlse. Look) she made those new clothes for me specially for l\Ttlt year's eve, lanterns and Zhang Jun said: "Let him I I Oecoratlons were every- decide whose family he would the New Year. Today she asked rvhere. Every family was busy Iike to visit." We stopped pull- me to dine at her home. She preparing food and steaming ing and waited to hear his said they will not start eating cakes. Enticing flavour could wish. Our large eyes piehded: until I arrive." Wang Yong be smelt in most homes. I took Please come to my home. said excitedly. my little brother home to the Wang Yong kept on blinking. Zhang Jun vanished. He re- of Zhang Jun, our Young appeared plate We thought he was too shy to with a of cakes Pioneer team leader. Already reply. A young pioneer encour- which he put in Wang Yong's several schoolmates were there. aged him: "Don't be afraid, hands, saying: "My mother I wondered wtrat the team lead- speak up !" made these, they're delicious, er had in mind, so I asked: take them!" The rest of us "Zhang Jun, why on earth did "I wiII go to my mother's went horne to fetch cakes and you call us. to come here place." fruit. We loaded Wang Yong tonight ?" "But where is your mother?" with delicacies before he headed Looking earnest, he replied: we responded startled. off for our teacher's home. "I was told the school canteen will not be open this evening. TIDBIT After school our friend Wang Yong returned home alone." Architect of the Tian An Men, Gate "Oh?" We were stunned. tft HE Tian An Men Gate which I thought: Wang Yong is an The Ming Dynasty moved its orphan. I stands in the centre of Bei- capital from Nanjing to Beijing He lost his mother jing when he was a little boy. A is famous as the place where in L427 after the palace was pro- few months ago his father died Chairman Mao Zedong completed. Kuai Xiang became in an accident at his factory. claimed the founding of the vice-minister of construction He lives on a state subsidy but People's Republic of China, but and remained in Beijing. few know its history. there is no one to take care of Kuai Xiang's original sketches him. Now he is at home by The designer of the gate was of the imperial palace and his himself, who will cook for him? Kuai Xiang, who was born into portrait are in the permanent "What can we do?" Zhang a carpenter's family and became collection of the Nanjing Jun broke my thoughts. a vice-minister. Museum. Suddenly my brother yelled: From 1407 to 1420, Chengzu, The Cheng Tian Men Gate ''Here comes brother Wang the third emperor of the Ming was damaged twice. In 1651, Yong, here he comes!" Dynasty (1368-1644), amassed during the reign of Qing Dy- carpenters and artisans all nasty's Emperor Shunzhi, it was As soon as he approached we over the country in Bei- rebuilt and its name changed to surrounded him and fireil ques- jing to construct an imperial Tian (Gate tions at An Men Gate of him. Then one pioneer palace. In recognition of his proposed: Heavenly Peace). "Wang Yong. come talent, Kuai Xiang was selected and have supper at my hom,e, architect for the project. The my parents will welcome you!" Tian An Men Gate was built in - "Beijing Wanbao" In succession, all the others L477. (Beijing Euening Neurs)

May 37, 1982 27 CUI'IURE & SCIEIICE

SPORTS Both the Chinese and In- donesian teams qualified for Chino Wins World Bodminton the final match after defeating Denmark and England 8:1 re- Chompionship spectively in the semi-finals. China captured the title at the in the United States last year; They were well-matched, each 12th World Badminton Men's and Yao Ximing/Sun Zhian, with its strong and weak points. generally Championship (Thomas Cup) a doubles pair whose clockwork Sports analysts held held in London May 10-21 by co-ordination had won them that the Chinese team had an defeating the defending cham- ,high honours in international edge in the singles while the pion Indonesia 5:4, which had competitions. Indonesians excelled in the won the cup seven times. doubles. But, many lrcinted out, Indonesia fielded their best the Chinese players lacked This was China's first ap- players in the hope of retaining experience in international pearance at a Thomas Cup the Thomas Cup. The team in- competitions, while the Indone- tournament. Its 8-player cluded Liem Swie King, their sians were less apt to be ruJfled team, well-balanced and power- national champion and three- in the midst of keenly contested ful, included Luan Jin, an time winner of the men's singles matches. awesome all-attacking player at the All-England Open Bad- who placed second in the men's minton Championships. His The consensus was that the singles event at the 1982 All- team mates included Rudy score in the finals would prob- England Open Badminton Hartono, who was 8-time men's ably be 5:4 and that the team Championships: Han Jian, singles champion at the All- that showed good form and will- whose smashing amidst ap- England Open Badminton power would emerge victorious. parently Kartono/ seamless defence often Championships, and The Chinese players trailed Heriyanto, who a caught his opponents unawares; Rudy had 1:3 on May 20, the first day oI men's record men's Chen Changjie, the brilliant in the the final match. Not in the singles champion at the first doubles at international,tourna- least despairing, they stormed world sports tournament held ments. back to dethrone the In- donesians the next day. The match between Luan Jin and Rudy Hartono was a cliff- hanger. In the first game Luan Jin beat Hartono 15:9. Butt Hartono, a seasoned player, fought back with a vengeance, alternating lobs with drop shots just over the net, arr effective tactic that threw his oPPonent off balance and won the second game 15:1. In the third game Luan Jin changed his tactics. He drove the shuttlecock to both ends of Hartono's baseline and fiercely attacked his backhand. He beat Hartono 15:9 and brought the team score to 2:3. The key to China's victory laY in the next match between Han Jian and Liem Swie King. Han Chinese winners ol the Thomas Cup. Jian led all the way in the first

28 Bei,ling Reuiero, No. 22 game and clinched it with the score of 15:12. But Liem Swie King retaliated 15:11 in the second. In the decisive third game, Han Jian again led all the way, but at 14:9 Liem Swie King rallied and rvith sllpreme effort brought the score to L4:14. When Han Jian won back the serve he succeeded in scoring three points in rapid succession and won the match, thereby bringing the team score to three all. On the heels of his team mates' victories, Chen Changjie routed Lius Pongoh 2:0. Then Sun Zhian and Yao Ximing de- feated the Indonesian pair of Kartono and Rudy Heriyanto 2:1. This put the Chinese team to a 5:3 lead and secured Chi- Sludenls doing lab na's victory in the Thomas Cup tournament. the Beijing No. 2 Medical Col- College decided to open a class In the last doubles, China's lege. which admitted students from Luan JinT'Lin Jiangli lost to the countryside with somewhat Christian Hadinata/Liem Swie Investigators from the college lower marks. All of them will King 0:2. found during a survey conduct- be assigned after graduation to ed in the spring of 1981 that China won the championship, their original localities. there was shortage of expe- Indonesia placed and second, rienced doctors with medical Last year, 42 of the 240 new with Denmark and England in place. degrees in the countryside. As a students were selected for this the third Japan and result, rural medical and health class. Their marks on the en- Malaysia finished fourth. work was substandard. trance examination, while lower Altogether six teams partici- than other medical students, are In order to find a solution to pate

May 31, 1982 29 He tells how a rank-and-f ile Bookr soldier of the old army became a marshal commanding a strong A Morshal's Sell the development of the people's revolutionary army. and how the arrny. This former minister of peasant's son who had formed Approisol defence also devoted much ef- a secret society to help the poor was transformed into a proleta- Autobiography of Peng Dehuai fort to the founding and social- New lian revolutionary. (In Chinese) ist achievements of China. Since Peng Dehuai's chief ex- In 1959 at a Party Central Commitee meeting held at Lu- periences were on the battle- Published bg the People's Pub- shan Mountain in Jiangxi Prov- field. the book mainly depi<:t. lishing Hollso-, ince, Peng Dehuai was $,rong- military Iife. He fought the Kuomintang warlords, the JaP- Auailable at Xinhua Bookstore ly labelled an anti-Party, anti- socialist Right opportunist. To anese generals and the Ameri- in China, distributed abroad can brass and braved tlntold by China Publications Centre, clarify his status, on June 16, 1962, hd recounted his history dangers. In the 12 Years fol- P.O. Bor 399, Beijing, China, lorving 1916 when he joined a Frice: R.MB 0.98 yuan. and appealed against these charges in a letter to the Party local army in Hunan Province Central Committee and Chair- as a soldier, he became a leader man Mao. of a platoon, company, battal- ion and regiment. He was a )t At the end of 1966, the first first gunner of the Bed ArmY year of the "cultural revolu- and one of its lerv militarY q group tion," a special was set strategists who lhad abundant up to examine his case. He was first-hand knowledge of war- VqV deprived of his freedom and fare. His discussion oi the Lib- J'/ maltreated till his death in eration War and the war to 1974. To answer the unfounded resist US aggression and aid tu questions put to him by the Korea reveals he was a first- /'t group, Peng Dehuai wrote his rate commander. ri/ experience and countered the This book was written under slanders. These materials are -!- strained conditions, so its con- compiled in the present volume. €' tents are not equral to the man Since the rmaterials are re- and his achievetnents. but while petitive and some more and written solely flom memorY, it others less detailed, the com- will stand the test of historY. pilers of this book edited them. Peng Dehuai wrote his auto- The book is based on the auto- when China was in This autobiography written biography biography he wrote in 1970, turmoil. His faithfulness to the during the "cultural revolu- supplemented by his other writ- truth was called self-seeking; tion" when the author was de- ten statements. marshal lvas accused of prived ofl his freedom and in this While editing book, the being counter-revolutionarY political disgrace is uniquely re- this a compilers and his heroic conduct was dis- vealing. consulted Peng De- huai's associates who offered torted. Now this fallacious his- Peng Dehuai (1898-1974) was some amendments which are tory has been revised. The an outstanding leader oI the presented in the footnotes. story of Peng Dehuai and his Party, the state and the army inspire people in Peng Dehuai's statements exploits will and highly esteemed by the their march forward. were written to clarify his case. Chinese people. He was renown- The author was instructed to This 300-page book has 15 ed in China and abroad as a "confess" honestly and not dwell chapters and two appendices: military strategist. on accomplishments. However, Peng's letter to Chairman Mao During the half century he the statements became a com- dated July 14, 1959 and an ex- participated in the revolution, ponent part of the history of cerpt

Born in 190? in Guang- zhou, Li Hua is one of the earliest participants in the new rising woodcut move- _F--- ment in the 30s. A master oI graphic arts, he is a profes- sor the Central Academv of r4f -;'J-:.-:,t of Fine Arts,. a committee - rnember of the China Federa- tion of Literar;z and Art Circles, a standing committee member of the Chinese Artists' Association and Chairman of the Chinese Association of Graphic Art- i sts. His works are noted for their realism. His conficient touch is firm and forceful As a result, his compositions are clear-cut and bold.

I)awn in th€ capilal. On the oonstruelion sile.

r+L -l- ,l fl

Farming in the mountains. AY-

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