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Georgia Schools Reopen , MACON, Ga Clo ~~ Factual Objective '~~~ ~~ ii.t~1 ,-- 11 '-J II V EWS tboo-- "-1 t~~~---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ~~. ~ L. Ill, NO. 3 NASHVILLE, TENN. $2 PER YEAR SEPTEMBER, 1956 ~ \tore Border Areas Mix, Deep South Solid races. Tennessee Violence flared in Anderson County after 12 Negroes began attendinJ{ Clin­ ton High School under a federal court order-the first such instance of deseg­ re~ation in a state-supported lower school-but the Negro -pupils remained in mi'<-ed classrooms as the month ended. ended. Texas More than 100 school districts (the most recent count shows there were 73 last year) began the school year under desegre~tion and the first district in heavily Negro-populated East Texas­ Port Arthur-announced desegre!(ation effective in 1957. An estimated 500',000 white and 25,000 Negro students were in integrated situations without incident, save for a flareup at Mansfield. Vi'rgini.a The state reopened its wholly segre­ gated lower schools as the legislature was embroiled in a special session over Gov. Thomas B. Stanley's new "total re­ sistance" program. Charlottesville, ord­ ered to desegregate thls month by a federal district court, won a stay of exe­ cution of the order pending a circuit court appeal. West Vil"ginia Twenty county systems began the year fully desegre~ated, 21 were partly desegre$lnted and three remained segre­ gated. (Eleven other counties have no Negro pupils.) Index State Page Alabama ....................... ..... 3 Arkansas ........................... 15 Delaware ............ ........ .... 9 District o ( Columbia . .. .. 6 .;~ if.t .•.:: • Florida .... ....................... 13 o!f-r Georgia ............................. 5 " .J ol at produced any major <·ontro- Kentucky ........................... 5 r;I"Mrsy in drafting the platforms Louisiana .. ......................14 !o'l ~~ both political parties was 1\laryland ......... ................. 11 .1~ to · public school Mississippi . 6 •:c,,...:. 1\-lissouri . .......... ........ ...... 16 ~~~ ~ Desegregation North Carolina ...................... 10 c,url·,~ Oklahoma .......................... 7 South Carolina . • . • . 4 , tl~':lr :. h ere can educators and lay Tennessee . • . 3 ,;"tJ."' _,ljzens find the full information !!' '" I . '} Texas ............................... 12 tJ U~., on t u s qu~ ll on . Virginia ...........•... ............. 8 oj!lll ~ 6 West Virginia . .10 "It ~J<' see Page I ~ PAGE 2-SEPTEMBER 1956-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS homa City: Enrollment up, but assure committee beads in sympathy uted merely to natural growth of with party policies. R epuhli<'au 10-year-old institution. Conventions Except for Emanuel Geller, New York WEST VIRGINlA-Linsley (Continued £rom Page 1) Democratic In their 500-woTd civil_ rig~tts Specifically with. 1'ega1'd to the congressman, no member of the Plat­ Institute, Wheeling: School rllllnln( reading of the platform and into the de­ pl4.nk, the Republicans satd wttlt school segregation-desegregation form Committee took issue with the re­ specific ,.efeTence to _the school capacity with enrollment up sinl!e. bate on the civil rights plank. The question, the 430-wof'd Democrt.tt­ marks made Saturday by four south­ segTegatiOit-desegTegation ques­ segregation rulings but increase backstage caucus, however, proved ef­ ic platform pwnk on civil rights erners refuting, in part, the "imputa­ uted to "better income in the fective. In rapid succession, Rep. Mc­ tion: said: tions" of the previous day. On this "The Republican party accepts Panhandle area served by Cormack, Platform Committee chair­ "R.ecent decisions of tl1e Su­ occasion, Rep. Celler, despite Chairman and a parental desire for man who had been given 20 minutes for the decision of the Unit~ Sta!es preme Court of the United States McCormack's effort to ignore his de­ Supreme Court that ra.ctal dts­ ual attention for children." un... n ...... debate of the civil rights plank, yielded relating to segregation in public­ mand for the fioor, insisted on rebutting Military Institute, Lewisburg: two minutes to each of five spokesmen crimination in publicly-sup­ ly-supported schools and else­ remarks made by Mississippi Gov. ported schools must be progr~­ ment up 139 since 1954; believes advocating the civil rights amendments where have brought consequences James P. Coleman, also a member of -Sen. Herbert Lehman of New York, sivcly eliminated. We concur m income of area is reason and that of vast importance to our nation the committee. Other committee mem­ lhc conclusion of the Supreme in coal mining (which ran from Gov. G. Mennen Williams of Michigan, as a whole and especially to com­ bers who spoke out included Fred J. Richard Richards of California, Sen. Court that its decision directing mid-1953 until early in 1955) munities directly affected. We re­ Cassibry of Louisiana and Judge George school desegregation should be depressing effect on Paul Douglas of Dlinois, and Rep. John ject all proposals for the use o( Wallace of Alabama and Sen Sam E. Moss of California. accomplished with 'all deliberate ilies in the coal fields force to interfere with the orderly Ervin of North Carolina. speed' locally through federal would have sent children to 1956 PLANK STRONGER? determination of these matters by The session passed, however, without district courts. The implementa­ sent th.em to public schools Sen. Joseph O'Mahoney of Wyoming the cou1·ts. any peace-shaking exchanges. tion order of the Supreme Cou rt Greenbrier Women's College, and former Gov. Paul Devers of Mas­ "The Democratic party emphat­ Sunday, Aug. 12, the issue moved recognizes the complex and burg: Enrollment up; doesn't ically reafllrm.c; its support of the sachusetts spoke in behalf of the plat­ into the drafting subcommittee, which acutely emotional problems c r ~­ deseg•·egalion has had a marked form as presented; Rep. McCormack historic principle that ours is a southerners described as "eminently ated by it'i decision in certain because college caters to northern took three minutes to explain wherein government o( laws and not of satisfactory." Among its 16 members it sections of our country where dents. the 1956 civil rights plank was stronger men; it recognizes the Supreme numbered five southerners including racial patterns have been devel­ Couyt of the United States as one GEORGIA-Riverside, than any previous plank. John S. Battle of Vir~inia. Gov. Cole­ oped in accordance with prior Full so many years that increase And then former President Harry of the three constitutional and man of Mississippi, Sen. Ervin of North and long-standing decisions of coordinated branches of the fed­ especially noticeable; a few DHrPllb .-...- Truman spoke from his box in SUPPOrt Carolina, Brooks Hayes of Arkansas and the same tribunal paSt mentioned "threat" of mro•~m••,.. of the majority position on civil rights. eral government, superior to and Vann H. Kennedy of Texas. "We believe that true progress separate £rom any political party, prosperity plus many While the hall still echoed with the c:an be attained through intelli­ school's age bracket accounts ovation given the former President, the decisions of which are part 1\UNORITY REPORT gent study, understanding, edu ­ of the law or tlle !and ..." Congressman Celler of New York re­ tinued high enrollment. Wo:.. u:niJII• ~Il' Chairman Rayburn put the issue to the cation and good will. Use of force Boys School, Atlanta: Now vote. In a voice vote the minority report portedly was alone in seeking to have or violence by any group or lower grade level but not was defeated and the majority report the draftine sub,.ommittPE' acceot orovi­ agency will tend only to worsen grades; heard no parent was approved. There was no demand vote on the topic, party machinery was sions for the plank which eventually the many problems inlterent in geared to the preservation of party gration as reason for en for a roll call vote. were embodied in the minority report the situation. This progress must unity. In the hearings, which opened Georgia Military, Ignoring the wildly waving Georgia that set off the fifY'r flctht. Sivn~>d bv 14 be encouraged and tl1e work of fortably full last year, standard, as the delegates sought rec­ Friday (Aug. 10), efforts of Rep. John members of the 108-member Committee the courts supported in every le­ McCormack, chairman, to keep the can hold this year; believes annmn=- o~ition to record their vote against the on Platforms and Resolutions, the mi­ gal manner by all branches of the peace were abetted by southern com­ to {net m'lrc childt·en ar t> f1oing to platform, Chairman Rayburn introduced nority report soueht to insert in the federal government to the end and public schools are filled. the next speaker. While Rep. William mittee members who refrained from reference to the Supreme Court cases that the constitutional ideal of Dawson of Illinois spoke of party unity, quizzing witnesses advocating strong settled May 17, 1954 a "pledge to carry equalitv before the law, regard­ VIRGINIA-Virginia Episcopal the vast amphitheater murmured and civil rights positions. Similarly, non­ out these decisions." The suggested less of· ra<'e, creed or color, will for Boys, Lynchburg: Operating at southern committee members who re­ rustled ~ weary delegates and specta­ amendment alc;o would have added this be steadily achieved.n pacily; enrollment completed little tors turned toward hotels and thoughts frained from cross-examining South sentence to the plank: lier this year than last year; no of the nominating session the following Carolina Gov. George Bell Timmerman, "We also favor le~islation to perfect dence that segre~tation a factor. afternoon. tbe only witness for the segregationist existin~t federal civil ricthts statutes and copal High School for Boys, The civil rights fight had fiz:z.led out. viewpoint, contributed to these efforts. to strengthen the administrative ma­ dria: 250 capacity, could triple U Gov. Timmerman argued against the chinerv for the protection of civil Private Schools t·oom; doesn't believe se~egation a GOP FIGHT THREATENS contention "that in order to win the rights." (Continued from Page 1) factor.
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