Art & Culture APRIL 21, 2015 3 This Day in History Iranian Female Professor Awarded (April 21) Today is Tuesday; 1st of the Iranian month of Ordibehesht 1394 solar hijri; corresponding to 2nd of the Islamic month of Rajab 1436 lunar hijri; and April 21, 2015, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar. 1215 lunar years ago, on this day in 221 AH, the renowned Arabic poet, Ali ibn Abbas ibn UNESCO Medal in Nanoscience ar-Rumi, was born in Baghdad. The son of an Iranian Muslim mother and a half Greek Muslim TEHRAN (FNA) - Dr. Soudabeh of Medical Sciences and the professor father, named Abbas ibn Jurayj, by the age of twenty he was an accomplished poet. His patrons Davaran, a professor of medicinal chem- of medicinal biomaterials and medici- included the Taherid ruler of Khorasan, and the Persian Ismail ibn Bulbul. As a follower of the istry at Tabriz University, is one of the School of Prophet Mohammad’s (SAWA) Ahl al-Bayt, he composed poems in praise of Imam Ali nal nanotechnology of the university. al-Hadi (AS) and Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS) – the 10th and 11th Infallible Imams. eight scientists who received the UNES- She was graduated from Tabriz Uni- 1074 solar years ago, on this day in 941 AD, Abu’l-Hussain Bajkam al-Makaani, the Turkic CO medal in the field of nanotechnology. versity of Medical Sciences in organic military commander of the usurper Abbasid regime, was killed in Iraq in a skirmish with Kurds The medal is awarded to the research- chemistry and polymer at MSc and during a hunting expedition. Originally a slave of a senior Iranian official of the Alawid (Seyyed) Dynasty of Tabaristan, Makaan ibn Kaki, who trained and educated him, Bajkam showed ers who have helped the development PhD levels, respectively. gratitude by adopting his patron’s name (Makaan) as his surname (Makaani). He hen entered the of nanotechnology and nanoscience. The UNESCO Medal “for contri- service of Mardavij (founder of the Ziyarid dynasty of northern Iran), and after his assassination UNESCO Director-General Irina bution to the development of nano- in 935, joined the Abbasids of Baghdad. In Iraq, he rapidly rose from Chief of the Police to Amir Bokova presented the UNESCO Med- science and nanotechnologies” was al-Umara (Chief Commander). He was ruthless and power-thirsty and his death led to a void in central power, until the Iranian Buwaihid Amir, Moiz od-Dowla Daylami took control of Iraq. al to the eight laureates for the ‘Devel- established in 2010 at the initiative 1068 lunar years ago, on this day in 368 AH, the Iranian Arabic philologist, Hassan ibn Abdullah opment of Nanoscience and Nanotech- of the thematic group on “Nanosci- Sirafi, passed away in Baghdad. He was among the childhood teachers of Seyyed Radhi, the nologies’ at UNESCO Headquarters on ence and Nanotechnologies” of the famous scholar and compiler of the “Nahj al-Balagha” – the collection of sermons, letters and maxims of Imam Ali ibn Abi Taleb (AS). Once the child Radhi had a lively discussion with him 10 April 2015. One of the laureates was Dr. Soudabeh Davaran, a professor of medicinal chemistry at Tabriz International Commission on the on the wrong track the caliphate took after Prophet Mohammad (SAWA). Dr. Soudabeh Davaran who received University, is one of the eight scientists who received the UNESCO Development of the Encyclopedia of 996 lunar years ago, on this day in 440 AH, the prominent Iranian Islamic scientist, Abu Rayhan a medal from the UNESCO direc- medal in the field of nanotechnology. Life Support Systems (EOLSS). The Mohammad ibn Ahmad al-Berouni, passed away in Ghazni (presently in Afghanistan) at the tor-general. Hasnain from the United States of Amer- sons who received the medal. medal is presented to the researchers age of 77. A multisided genius, he wrote prolifically on various topics. His work on algebra, geometry, arithmetic, and trigonometry, is titled “at-Tafhim”. Born in Khwarezm (presently in Valentine Bukhtuyarov, Vladimir For- ica, Tebello Nyokong from South Africa, Dr. Davaran is the head of Medicinal who have significantly helped the Uzbekistan), Beiruni, as a follower of the Prophet’s Ahl al-Bayt, has written about the spherical tov, Mikhail Kovalchuk and Mikhail Shem Wandiga from Kenya, and Soud- Nanotechnology Department of Phar- development of nanotechnology and shape of the Earth and its revolving on its axis as it orbits round the Sun, several centuries before Selyanin from Russia, Constance Chang- abeh Davaran from Iran are the eight per- maceutics College of Tabriz University nanoscience. Europeans. He was conversant in Arabic, Persian, Greek and Sanskrit, and after visiting India and spending several months in the company of its sages, he wrote the book, “Tahqiq ma lil-Hind”. Among his works are “Kitab Sina‘at at-Tanjim” (Book of the Elements of the Art of Astronomy), and “Aasaar al-Baqiyah an-il-Qoroun al-Khaliya” (The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries), Iran to Participate which is a comparative study of calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced Different Colors Used with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information. He also wrote the “Qanoun al- Mas’oudi” – an encyclopedic work on astronomy, geography, and engineering. in Restoration of Beijing 516 lunar years ago, on this day in 920 AH, the Battle of Chaldiran took place between the in Different Sections of Ottoman and the Safavid Empires, in which Sultan Selim who was on the verge of defeat and contemplating flight, unexpectedly found victory as Shah Ismail’s forces suddenly gave way TIBF for Distinction Historical Texture after brave resistance. The Turks, who were afraid of the growing influence of the Iranians in TEHRAN (MNA) – Chinese Cultur- prove Chinese footprints in the Kish TEHRAN (IBNA)- Deputy Direc- better conditions are provided for Anatolia and Syria, succeeded in checking Safavid advance in what is now Turkey, but withdrew al Attaché has requested Iran’s partici- Island,” said the head of Research tor of the 28th Tehran Internation- each hall to be known with a differ- from Tabriz and retreated on hearing news of reorganization of the famous Qizilbash Corps by pation in restoration of Beijing histori- Center, adding that the Center would the Iranians. It was the first of many battles between the two sides for two-and-a-half centuries. al Book Fair (TIBF) Amir Mas’oud ent color. Accordingly, children’s cal texture. cooperate with Chinese delegation in 489 solar years ago, on this day 1526 AD, the last ruler of the Pashtun Dynasty of Hindustan Shahram-Nia said that in order to section is painted pink; the univer- (northern subcontinent), Ibrahim Lodhi, was defeated and killed in the First Battle of Panipat Seyed Mohammad Beheshti, the underwater archeology. facilitate access to information for sity section, yellow; international near Delhi, by the Central Asian invader, Mohammad Zaheer od-Din, Babar, who established the Head of Cultural Heritage Research Du Sian King for his part, said that Mughal Dynasty that ushered in the golden age of Muslim rule in the Subcontinent. Babar was a the visitors, every section of the Fair section, red; instructional section, Center and Du Sian King, Chinese restoration of Beijing historical texture great-grandson of the fearsome Turkic conqueror, Amir Timur, and hence the Mughals are often is being colored differently. Accord- orange; general books section, vio- Cultural Attaché held a meeting on was a matter of concern for the Munic- called Timurids. Babar and his successors were highly cultured, patronized Persian art, literature ing to IBNA correspondent quoting let and the digital publishers, light and poetry, and maintained excellent relations with the Safavid Dynasty of Iran through frequent Sunday where they agreed that Center ipality as well as Chinese government; from the website of the 28th Teh- blue; so the visitors can easily find exchange of ambassadors and men of learning. The Mughal Empire reached its peak during the would cooperate with Beijing Munici- “a good example of cultural exchange 50-year rule of Aurangzeb, covering all of today’s India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and western ran International Book Fair, Shah- what they want by using the num- pality in restoring the city’s rich histor- is white and blue pottery works; now, Afghanistan. Thereafter it weakened and shrunk to Delhi and its surroundings, until the British ram-Nia pointed out the importance ber and color of each hall.” dethroned Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1857. Babar, besides being a poet in Persian and Chaghtai ical texture. Iran’s National Museum is the richest of providing information during this The Deputy and Assistant Execu- Turkic, was inventor of the Babari style of calligraphy, in which he wrote the holy Qur’an, which Beheshti welcomed cooperation by in displaying the fine Chinese pottery event and said that better informa- tive of the 28th Tehran Internation- is kept in the Qur’an Museum of the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS) in Mashhad, Iran. Center with Chinese universities and and porcelain,” said King, “until the 343 solar years ago, on this day in 1672 AD, Abdullah Qutb Shah, the 6th ruler of the Qara tion services to the visitors has al- al Fair concluded by referring to institutions; “we have three official T’ang Dynasty, only white porcelain Qoyunlu Iranian-Turkic dynasty of the Deccan (southern India), died after a rule of 46 years ways been the main issue considered the progress made in construction that was marked by encroachment by the Mughals of Hindustan (northern India). He promoted protection layers: by law, by register- was produced; however, Iranians in- in the fair and new facilities are pro- at Mosallah, saying: “Considering art, architecture, literature, and sciences, as migration of scholars continued from Iran. He was a ing in national and international site troduced the craft of making blue por- Persian poet. He established religious institutions in his capital, Haiderabad, which are still active vided in the site for this purpose. the act of separating the stalls in lists, and by technical protection,” he celain to China,” he added. today. Abdullah maintained regular correspondence with Shah Abbas II of the Safavid Empire He continued: “To facilitate the the outside hall, we hope to deliver told Chinese official. Monir Khalafi, Head of Research of Iran, whose name was read in the Friday Prayer sermons as emperor – a matter that irritated search for books, in addition to them to the publishers a week be- the Mughals. During his rule, several valuable works were written in Persian, such as “Akhlaq-e “We could provide advice on re- Center’s Public and International Re- developing software features, fore the TIBF opens.” Abdullah Qutb Shahi” on ethics by the scholarly prime minister, Sheikh Mohammad ibn search; however, on actual operational lations Office said the Center would Khatoun, the lexicon “Burhan-e Qate’” by Ibn Khalaf Tabrizi, and Ali ibn Tayfur’s translation from Arabic of Ibn Babawaiyh Qommi’s celebrated book on the 8th Infallible Imam of Prophet phase, Chinese delegation should seek welcome collaboration with Chinese Mohammad’s (SAWA) Household “Oyoun Akhbar ar-Reza” under the title “Toḥfa-e Malaki”. cooperation from Cultural Heritage officials in Chinese Academy of Sci- 306 solar years ago, on this day in 1709 AD, the Georgian king of Kartli, George XI or Gurjin Organization as the authority to issue ences, Silk Road Research Center, and Khan, who was appointed by the Safavid Emperor, Shah Sultan Hussain, as governor-general of Azad Univ. Political what is now western Afghanistan to suppress the Pashtun tribes, was murdered in Qandahar by such permissions,” Beheshti said. Dun Huang cave research delegation; Mirwais Khan Hotak, the Ghilzai clan chief, who had invited him to a banquet to carry out the Science Students at UN He cited Don Huang cave research “Nanjing University has signaled plot. It was a tactical blunder by the Shah to appoint a brutal Christian, as governor of Muslims. delegation and exhibition in China its interest in Iron Age archeology in For the moment Mirwais was recognized as governor, but a dozen years later, his son, Mahmoud TEHRAN (UNIC) - UN Infor- to speeches (verbatim records) of Iranian National Museum pottery North Khorasan province,” he added. Hotaki burst into open rebellion, defeated the Safavids, seized Isfahan, ousted Shah Sultan mation Center (UNIC) Tehran related to each resolution through Hussain, and styled himself Shah of Iran. items as good opportunities to work The meeting also agreed that Chi- 233 solar years ago, on this day in 1782 AD, German pedagogue, Friedrich Wilhelm August together with the Faculty of Law, UNBISNET. They also found out with Chinese officials. Beheshti point- nese cultural attaché provide the Cen- Froebel, was born. He laid the foundation for modern education for children, by creating the Political Science and Economics, how to narrow a search on differ- ed to the history of Iran-China rela- ter with information on Chinese uni- concept of the “kindergarten” and coined the word now used in German and English. Islamic Azad University, South ent subjects such as responsibility tions as tracing back to Parthian peri- versities and institutions with specialty 213 solar years ago, on this day in1802 AD, Wahhabi tribes from Najd, led by Abdul-Aziz ibn Tehran Branch held a joint work- to protect (R2P) through ODS. Mohammad ibn Saud (son-in-law of the heretical Ibn Abdul-Wahhab), attacked the holy city of od; “archeological findings clearly in culture and heritage. Karbala in Iraq, and martyred about 5,000 people, mostly Iranian pilgrims. They damaged the shop on “Finding UN Information holy shrine of Imam Husain (AS) and stripped the dome of its gold covering. The Wahhabis then and Documentation” for some 25 desecrated the other holy sites in Iraq, including the shrine of the Commander of the Faithful, students of political science ac- Imam Ali (AS), in Najaf. The area till Basra lay desolate and the Wahhabis took with them millions in loot after destroying towns, displacing people, and killing many. The destruction companied by their 2 professors brought memories of the sack of Baghdad by the Buddhist Mongols, although the non-Muslim namely Dr. Roya Khezri and Dr. Hulagu Khan was courteous enough to spare the holy cities. In 1803, Abdul-Aziz paid the price Reza Kaviani on 16 April 2015 of his blasphemy when he was killed in his stronghold Dirriyah by an Iraqi Muslim, who in at UN building conference room order to avenge the desecration of the holy shrines, had travelled to Najd and infiltrated Wahhabi ranks. In the next couple of years, the heretical Wahhabis, led by Saud bin Abdul-Aziz attacked in Tehran. The UNIC Reference the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and desecrated the holy shrines, including the Sacred Jannat Assistant Ms. Nazanin Ghaem- al-Baqi Cemetery. They wanted to destroy the holy shrine of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA) maghami-Farahani, who conduct- but were prevented from doing so. These sacrilegious acts made the Ottoman Sultan order his governor of Egypt, Mohammad Ali Pasha to punish the Wahhabi brigands. After driving them ed this work shop, elaborated on out of Mecca and Medina, the Egyptian ruler relegated command to his son, Ibrahim Pasha, who the origin and history of the UN pursued the Wahhabis into their heartland Najd, destroyed their capital, Dirriyah, captured the and introduced the United Nations chieftain Abdullah ibn Saud, and sent him to Istanbul in 1818 for public execution, because of Seventieth Anniversary website complicity in his father’s sacrilege of holy Islamic sites in Mecca, Medina, Karbala, and Najaf. The Saudi clan is descended from Arabicized Israelite tribes who were bitter opponents of Prophet and read out the Secretary-General Mohammad (SAWA), and after reluctantly accepting Islam became apostates by joining the message on the 70th anniversary imposter Musaylemah Kazzab. In the next generations they sided with the Khwarej or renegades, of the United Nations to the par- and were deeply distrusted by both the Omayyad and Abbasid caliphates. During Ottoman times, ticipants. they used to loot trade and Hajj caravans, and in 1744, to legitimize their crimes and bloodshed under guise of faith, they entered into alliance with the heretic Mohammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab. During the workshop the par- They were gifted with a pseudo country called Saudi Arabia by the British in 1932. Today, the ticipants learned how to find and Saudis are chief sponsors of Takfiri terrorism to create sedition amongst Muslims and tarnish the retrieve UN information on the image of Islam in the interests of the US and the Zionists. 105 solar years ago, on this day in 1910 AD, US author and humorist, Mark Twain, died at the UNIC, the UN in Iran, and the UN age of 78. His childhood and teenage years were adventurous and these adventures later turned websites as well as Dag Hammar- into the themes of his books. He wrote numerous stories for children and teenagers, including skjold Library page on the web. “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, and “Prince and the Pauper”. The websites of the main organs 77 solar years ago, on this day in 1938 AD, the Poet-Philosopher, Allamah Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Lahori, passed away. Through his excellent poems in Urdu and Persian, he strove to awaken the of the UN especially the General conscience of Muslims in undivided India and the Muslims world. He had predicted the birth of Assembly and Security Council Pakistan. During his stay in Germany and England he learned western philosophy. His Persian were introduced in detail poetry has been published several times in Iran, especially after the victory of Islamic Revolution. He composed excellent odes in praise of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA), Imam Ali (AS), Hazrat Overview and methods of Fatema (SA), Imam Hasan (AS) and Imam Husain (AS). searching through some of Dag 64 solar years ago, on this day in the year 1951 AD, the famous Iranian poet and author, Mirza Hammarskjold Library DHL re- Mohammad Taqi Bahar, titled “Malek osh-Sho’ara” (Poet Laureate), passed away at the age of sources and databases such as UN- 64. Born in holy Mashhad, besides memorization of parts of the holy Qur’an, he was fluent in Arabic and French. At the onset of the Constitutional Movement, he joined the revolutionaries and BISNET and Official Document clandestinely wrote articles for newspapers and journals. On victory of the Constitutionalists, he System (ODS) were included in was elected to the parliament for successive terms. When Reza Khan Pahlavi seized power with the programme of the workshop. British help, he was imprisoned and exiled. Following release in 1934, he served as Professor of The students learned to find the Persian Literature at Tehran University, where he dedicated his time to writing and editing books, such as “Tarikh-e Sistan” (History of Sistan), and his two-volume Divan. text of resolutions of UN main (Courtesy: IRIB English Radio – http://english.irib.ir) organs, voting records and index The ancient Mosque of Semnan – Semnan province- Iran Courtesy: MNA