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De Lircay (Angaraes, Huancavelica, Perú)

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De Lircay (Angaraes, Huancavelica, Perú) Ecología Aplicada, 13(1), 2014 Presentado: 27/12/2013 ISSN 1726-2216 Aceptado: 25/02/2014 Depósito legal 2002-5474 © Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima – Perú. DIVERSIDAD DE LAS GRAMÍNEAS (POACEAE) DE LIRCAY (ANGARAES, HUANCAVELICA, PERÚ) GRASSES (POACEAE) DIVERSITY OF LIRCAY (ANGARAES, HUANCAVELICA, PERU) Harol Gutiérrez Peralta1 y Roxana Castañeda Sifuentes2 Resumen Para el distrito de Lircay se reporta un total de 46 especies y una subespecie de la familia Poaceae agrupadas en 21géneros, 11 tribus y 6 subfamilias. El género Calamagrostis es el más diverso con 9 especies, seguido por Poa con 5 especies. Asimismo, Aciachne acicularis “paccupaccu”, Arundo donax “carrizo”, Cortaderia hieronymi y Ortachne erectifolia “iruichu” constituyen nuevos registros para la región Huancavelica. Además, se presentan claves dicotómicas para la determinación de las especies en los casos de un género con más de una especie. Para cada especie se incluyen datos sobre su hábitat, distribución, material estudiado y nombre común. Palabras clave: Aciachne, Arundo, Calamagrostis, Cortaderia, Orthacne, Poa, taxonomía. Abstract For the District of Lircay, we report a total of 46 species and one subspecies of the Poaceae family, grouped into 21genera, 11 tribes and 6 subfamilies. The genus Calamagrostis is the most diverse with 9 species, followed by Poa with 5 species. Also, Aciachne acicularis “paccupaccu”, Arundo donax “carrizo”, Cortaderia hieronymi and Ortachne erectifolia “iruichu” are new reports for the region of Huancavelica. Moreover, dichotomous keys are presented for the determination of species in the case a genus has more than one species. For each species, data on habitat, distribution, examined material and common name are included. Key words: Aciachne, Arundo, Calamagrostis, Cortaderia, Orthacne, Poa, taxonomy. Introducción. Pacífico hasta las altas cumbres de los Andes y desde La familia Poaceae está ampliamente distribuida éstas hasta la llanura amazónica atravesando los en el mundo; sus especies se encuentran presentes en Andes orientales. todas las latitudes y altitudes, desde el nivel del mar Si bien se han realizado estudios sobre las Poaceae hasta por encima de los 5000 m (Tovar, 1993). Poaceae es una de las familias con mayor número de especies, con aproximadamente 700 géneros y 10000 especies distribuidas en casi todos los continentes (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986). En la flora peruana, está representada por alrededor de 157 géneros con 750 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa et al., 2004), que se encuentran ocupando todos los pisos bioclimáticos, desde las orillas del Océano Figura 1. Mapa de ubicación del distrito de Lircay (Angaraes, Huancavelica, Perú). DIVERSIDAD DE LAS GRAMÍNEAS DE LIRCAY (HUANCAVELICA) Enero - Julio 2014 __________________________________________________________________________________________ en la región, como los trabajos Tabla 1. Subfamilias, tribus y especies de Poaceae de Lircay (Huancavelica- de Tovar (1957, 1960, 1965, Perú). 1972) en las provincias de Huancavelica y Tayacaja y Subfamilia Tribu Especie registros de la provincia Aristidoideae Aristideae Aristida adscensionis L. Castrovirreyna, no se cuenta Arundinoideae Arundineae Arundo donax L. con información sobre la Chloridoideae Eragrostideae Eragrostis sp. diversidad agrostológica del Eragrostis nigricans (Kunth) Steud. distrito de Lircay (provincia de Chlorideae Bouteloua simplex Lag. Angaraes). Por esta razón el objetivo del trabajo fue realizar Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J. Presl) Henrard un estudio sobre la diversidad Muhlenbergia ligularis (Hack.) Hitchc. específica de la familia Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud Poaceae del distrito de Lircay Zoysieae Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. con la finalidad de contribuir Danthoniodeae Danthonieae Cortaderia hieronymi N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder al conocimiento de la flora Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine) Stapf agrostológica huancavelicana e Panicoidae Paniceae Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone. incrementar los números de registros y rangos de Cenchrus weberbaueri (Mez) Morrone distribución de las especies de Paspaleae Paspalum pilgerianum Chase gramíneas para el Perú. Paspalum tuberosum Mez Pooideae Bromeae Bromus catharticusVahl Materiales y métodos. Bromus pitensis Kunth Área de Estudio Poeae Avena sterilis L. La zona de estudio Calamagrostis chrysantha (J. Presl) Steud. comprende el distrito de Lircay en la provincia de Angaraes, Calamagrostis intermedia (J. Presl) Steud. región de Huancavelica Calamagrostis jamesonii Steud. (Figura 1), se encuentra en las Calamagrostis minima (Pilg.) Tovar coordenadas geográficas 12° Calamagrostis ovata (J. Presl) Steud. 59’ 23’’S y 74° 43’ 14’’ W, Calamagrostis recta (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud. posee una extensión territorial Calamagrostis rigescens (J. Presl) Scribn. de 1959.03 km2, en su Calamagrostis rigida (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud. geografía se puede observar pisos altitudinales que varían Calamagrostis vicunarum (Wedd.) Pilg. desde los 3000 m hasta los Dactylis glomerata L. 4300 m (INEI, 2010). Festuca dolichophylla J. Presl La capital de Angaraes Festuca weberbaueri Pilg. (Lircay) se encuentra situada Poa annua L. en el extremo este de Poa calycina (J. Presl) Kunth Huancavelica, sobre la margen Poa horridula Pilg. derecha de la cuenca del río Lircay formada por sus Poa lepidula (Nees & Meyen) Soreng & L.J. Gillespie afluentes, el Opamayo y Sicra, Poa serpaiana Refulio que discurren a través de la Polypogon elongatus Kunth capital de distrito. Posee un Polypogon interruptus Kunth clima típico de la sierra Vulpia australis (Nees ex Steud.) C.H. Blom peruana, caracterizado por la Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. alternancia estacional siendo: Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta Hack. i) Época Seca (abril a noviembre), el clima frío se Stipeae Aciachne acicularis Lægaard caracteriza por ser seco en Aciachne pulvinata Benth. invierno, con una temperatura Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav. media superior a 10°C; ii) Nassella meyeniana (Trin. & Rupr.) Parodi Época Húmeda (diciembre a Nassella mucronata (Kunth) R.W. Pohl marzo), el clima templado Nassella pubiflora (Trin. &Rupr.) E. Desv. moderado lluvioso manifiesta Ortachne erectifolia (Swallen) Clayton un verano seco templado de 24 H. GUTIÉRREZ Y R. CASTAÑEDA Ecol. apl. Vol. 13 No 1, pp. 23-33 __________________________________________________________________________________________ día y frígido en la noche, con una temperatura 3. Espiguillas rodeadas por una o varias cerdas promedio que varía entre los 12°C y 15°C (Gutiérrez, libres o soldadas en la base formando un 2009). involucro. Lema fértil no endurecido, no cartilaginoso. Cenchrus Metodología 3’. Espiguillas sin cerdas involucrales en su base Las colectas de las especies de Poaceae se inflorescencia en espiga o racimo espiciforme realizaron siguiendo las técnicas convencionales de unilateral, estos digitados o esparcidos a lo colectas botánicas (Cerrate, 1964) y los trabajos de La largo del raquis. Lema fértil endurecida, Torre (1998) y La Torre et al. (2003, 2004). No se fuertemente cartilaginosa. Paspalum realizaron colectas en áreas donde la vegetación 1’. Raquilla articulada por encima de las glumas, que presentaba un crecimiento alterado por actividades son persistentes después de la caída de los granos. antrópicas como caminos, terrenos de cultivo 4. Espiguilla uniflora. abandonados o zonas con evidencia de construcciones. 5. Lema con arista simple. Asimismo, se excluyeron las especies cultivadas. 6. Glumas más largas que la lema, agudas El periodo de las colectas se realizó entre marzo de múticas, lema con arista apical. 2008 y octubre de 2013. La determinación taxonómica 7. Lema endurecida rígida o papirácea de las muestras se realizó empleando claves y con antopodio pubescente agudo y descripciones publicadas en trabajos de la punzante. especialidad, como Burkart (1969), Tovar (1957, 8. Lema fusiforme, terete con arista 1960, 1965, 1972, 1993), Rivas-Martínez & Tovar algo vilosa en la parte basal y (1982) y Rivas-Martínez et al. (1988). El tratamiento plumosa hacia la parte media y nomenclatural se basó en los trabajos de Peterson et superior o si no entonces el ápice al. (2001), Zuloaga et al. (2003), Soreng et al. (2003) de la lema con anillo de pelos y Refulio-Rodríguez et al. (2012). Se ha utilizado la semirrígidos más largos que la nomenclatura actualizada y las combinaciones nuevas lema y glumas membranáceas. a la luz de los trabajos del Grass Phylogeny Working Jarava Group (GPWG, 2001) y revisiones en publicaciones 8’. Lema fusiforme u obovada, sin la recientes (últimos 5 años). combinación de caracteres anteriores. Nassella Resultados. 7’. Lema membranácea sin arista o con Se registró un total de 46 especies y una arista dorsal o subapical, antopodio no subespecie de la familia Poaceae agrupadas en 21 pungente. Calamagrostis géneros, 11 tribus y 6 subfamilias (Tabla 1). Las 6’. Glumas más cortas que la lema, rara vez subfamilias con mayor número de especies son mayores, múticas o aristadas, lema con Pooideae con 31 especies y una subespecie, arista apical o subapical. Chloridoideae con 7 especies, Panicoidae con 4 y 9’ láminas rígidas, con ápices punzantes Danthoniodeae con 2 especies. 10. Glumas obtusas, arista de la lema En cuanto a la riqueza de especies, el género pungente, planta pulviniforme. Calamagrostis es el más diverso con 9 especies, Aciachne seguido por Poa con 5 especies, mientras que los 10’. Glumas truncadas, arista de la géneros con menor número de especies son Aristida, lema
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