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Conocimiento Taxonómico De La Familia Poaceae En México

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Taxonomía y Florística Conocimiento taxonómico de la familia Poaceae en México PATRICIA DÁVILA1*, MA. TERESA MEJIA-SAULÉS2, ANA MARÍA SORIANO- MARTÍNEZ3 Y YOLANDA HERRERA-ARRIETA4 Botanical Sciences 96 (3): 462-514, 2018 Resumen Antecedentes La clasificación de la familia Poaceae ha cambiado a lo largo de los años, por la evolución DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1894 de distintas áreas del conocimiento de la sistemática, tanto en sus aspectos teóricos como prácticos. La Received: morfología y anatomía siguen siendo fuentes importantes de información taxonómica en las gramíneas. October 18th, 2017 Sin embargo, en los últimos 20 años, los trabajos moleculares que buscan inferir la filogenia de los dife- Accepted: rentes taxa, han dominado el escenario de la sistemática de la familia, lo que ha derivado en cambios y April 21st, 2018 re-arreglos a todos los niveles taxonómicos. Editor asociado: Objetivo: Realizar la revisión y actualización de la información taxonómica y geográfica de las Poaceae Guillermo Ibarra-Manriquez de México, presentando un listado de especies, en el que se señalan los taxa nativos, introducidos y endé- micos, los logros alcanzados en el conocimiento del grupo, así como los retos que se habrán de enfrentar en el futuro para adelantar en el conocimiento de las gramíneas de México. Métodos: Se tomó como base de referencia el trabajo de Dávila et al. (2006). Se revisó tanto la literatura especializada disponible de 2006 a la fecha y distintas bases de datos nomenclaturales y taxonómicas. El trabajo también incluye la revisión de ejemplares de 29 herbarios entre 2006-2017. La lista de las especies se presenta con base en la clasificación de Soreng et al. (2015). Resultados: Se registran en México 11 subfamilias, 205 géneros, 1,216 especies y 207 categorías infra- específicas. Se presenta el listado alfabético de las especies, resaltando su distribución a nivel estatal y en particular las endémicas e introducidas. Se incluye también la distribución de las especies a nivel estatal. Asimismo, se presentan los avances alcanzados en relación a los estudios de las diferentes subfamilias con diversos enfoques de estudio, tanto metodológicos como conceptuales, y los retos que se habrán de enfrentar en los próximos años. Palabras clave: clasificación, gramíneas, nomenclatura, pastos. Abstract Background: The classification of the Poaceae family has changed over the years, due to the knowledge evolution, the use of different techniques and theoretical approaches and the technological advances. Im- 1 Facultad de Estudios portant sources of taxonomic information on grasses are still their morphology and anatomy. However, Superiores Iztacala, in the past 20 years, molecular work seeking to infer the phylogeny of different taxa has dominated the Universidad Nacional Systematics of the Poaceae. This knowledge trend has resulted in changes and rearrangements at all taxo- Autónoma de México. nomic levels. 2 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Objective: To carry out the review and comprehensive updating of the taxonomic and geographic infor- 3 Facultad de Estudios mation of the Poaceae of Mexico, including the species checklist, highlighting the native, introduced and Superiores Zaragoza, endemic taxa, as well as, the achievements obtained and the future research challenges. Universidad Nacional Methods: The main reference used was the work of Dávila et al. (2006). We also undertook a thorough Autónoma de México. revision of the available specialized literature since 2006 and the nomenclatural and taxonomic databases. 4 CIIDIR-Durango, Instituto This work also included the specimens’ revision from 29 different herbaria that were consulted between Politécnico Nacional. 2006-2017. The species checklist follows the classification of Soreng et al. (2015). *Autor para correspondencia: Results: The grasses recorded in the country belong to 11 subfamilies, 205 genera, 1,216 species and 207 [email protected] infraspecific categories. A species alphabetical list is included, highlighting the introduced and endemic taxa. In addition, the species distribution, at the state level, is also presented. Also data regarding the This is an open access article distrib- uted under the terms of the Creative achievements obtained and the challenges for the coming years, is included. Commons Attribution License CC Key words: classification, grasses, nomenclature, pastures. BY-NC (4.0) international. 462 Botanical Sciences 96 (3): 462-514, 2018 La familia Poaceae en México a clasificación de las Poaceae ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo debido a las importantes apor- taciones realizadas por agrostólogos en distintas partes del mundo, quienes han propuesto cam- bios en la delimitación taxonómica a distintos niveles jerárquicos. Estas aportaciones incluyen, L para cada subfamilia, lo siguiente: subfamilia Anomochlooideae: Morris & Duvall 2010 (Ano- mochloa marantoidea); subfamilia Bambusoideae: Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012, Kelchner & Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013; subfamilia Chloridoideae:Peterson et al. 2010b (Muhlen- bergiinae), 2010a (Chloridoideae), 2011 (Centropodieae), 2014a, 2015b (Cynodonteae), Snow et al. 2013 (Disakisperma); subfamilia Danthonioideae: Baker et al. 2007, Pirie et al. 2009, Linder et al. 2010; subfamilia Panicoideae: Sede et al. 2008, 2009 (Paniceae), Chemisquy et al. 2010 (Pennisetum, Cenchrus y Odontelytrum), Zuloaga et al. 2010 (Panicum); subfamilia Pooideae: Cialdella et al. 2007, 2014, Romaschenko et al. 2008, Sclovich et al. 2015 (Stipeae), Döring et al. 2007 (complejo Aveneae/Poeae), Refulio-Rodriguez et al. 2012 (Dissanthelium). Los resultados de estos estudios han sido la base para proponer una clasificación filogenética- molecular mundial de las Poaceae (Soreng et al. 2015). El trabajo taxonómico, como cualquier otra disciplina científica, fue estimulado en las últi- mas décadas por los avances tecnológicos que permitieron tener disponibles equipos y progra- mas sofisticados que facilitaron el desarrollo de estudios cada vez más especializados, así como la construcción y manejo de bases de datos y el análisis de la información utilizando diferentes algoritmos. Sin lugar a dudas, las hipótesis de clasificación actuales están casi siempre basa- das en los trabajos filogenéticos que han utilizado, entre otras técnicas, la biología molecular, combinándola con información morfológica, anatómica y cromosómica. Entre las hipótesis de Contribuciones de los clasificación destacan: Linder 2010 (clasificación genérica de Danthonioideae), Peterson et al. Autores: 2010b (clasificación de la subfamilia Chloridoideae), 2012, 2014a, 2015a, (clasificación de Patricia Dávila coordinó Cynodonteae), 2014b (clasificación de Sporobolinae), Snow et al. 2013 (sistemática de Disakis- todo el trabajo, generó la perma), Sánchez-Ken & Clark 2010 (clasificación de Panicoideae), Bamboo Phylogeny Group información geográfica y la 2012, Kelchner & Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013 (clasificación de Bambusoideae), y Soreng numeralia, elaboró la lista et al. 2015 (clasificación de la familia Poaceae). de especies, y realizó la redacción general del artículo. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal presentar una lista taxonómica Ma. Teresa Mejia-Saulés actualizada de las gramíneas de México, con base en la propuesta de clasificación de Soreng et se encargó de la revisión al. (2015), señalando los taxa nativos, introducidos y endémicos y su distribución a nivel estatal. taxonómica de las subfamilias Adicionalmente, se describen los avances alcanzados en el conocimiento de este grupo vegetal Bambusoideae y Pooideae, y los retos que se habrán de enfrentar en los próximos años para avanzar en el conocimiento de contribuyó en la elaboración las gramíneas de México. de la lista de especies, apoyó en la redacción del artículo y Materiales y métodos revisó el borrador. Ana María Soriano Martínez El Catálogo de Gramíneas de México, elaborado por Dávila et al. (2006), fue la base para actua- se encargó de la revisión lizar las Poaceae de México, en tanto que la clasificación filogenética utilizada correspondió a la taxonómica de las subfamilias Anomochlooideae, propuesta por Soreng et al. (2015). Para dicha actualización se revisó la bibliografía publicada Aristoideae, Arundinoideae, desde 2006 a la fecha, incluyendo artículos científicos, monografías, revisiones taxonómicas, Danthonioideae, tesis, floras e inventarios florísticos (Tablas 5 y 6). Se consultaron la base de datos bibliográ- Micrairoideae, Oryzoideae, ficos del INECOL (ACSESS, IEEE Xplore, JSTOR, WoS, Scopus, Knovel, Royal Society-Jo- Panicoideae, Pharoideae, urnals), eBooks (EBSCO, CABI ebooks, Elsevier-Journals-eBooks, ProQuest (Dissertation & contribuyó en la elaboración Theses), y Springer-Journals-eBooks. de la lista de especies, apoyó Además, se consultaron tres bases de datos botánicos: Tropicos (Missouri Botanical Garden, en la redacción del artículo y 2016), “REMIB” (CONABIO, 2016) y “The Plant List” (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Mis- revisó el borrador. souri Botanical Garden, 2016). Yolanda Herrera Arrieta Asimismo, se revisaron los ejemplares botánicos de 29 herbarios en México y en el extran- se encargó de la revisión jero. A continuación se enuncian los acrónimos de dichos herbarios, de acuerdo a Thiers (con taxonómica de la subfamilia Chloridoideae, contribuyó actualizaciones continuas): AMEX, ANSM, CAS, CFNL, CHAPA, CICY, CIIDIR, COCA, en la elaboración de la lista ENCB, FCME, BUG, IEB, IZTA, ENBC; KEW, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, RSA, SLPM, de especies, apoyó en la TAES, TEX, UADY, UAT,
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    d i v e r s i t y , p h y l o g e n y , a n d e v o l u t i o n i n t h e monocotyledons e d i t e d b y s e b e r g , p e t e r s e n , b a r f o d & d a v i s a a r h u s u n i v e r s i t y p r e s s , d e n m a r k , 2 0 1 0 Phylogenetics of Stipeae (Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences Konstantin Romaschenko,1 Paul M. Peterson,2 Robert J. Soreng,2 Núria Garcia-Jacas,3 and Alfonso Susanna3 1M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkovska 2, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine 2Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012 USA. 3Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., E08038 Barcelona, Spain Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Abstract—The Stipeae tribe is a group of 400−600 grass species of worldwide distribution that are currently placed in 21 genera. The ‘needlegrasses’ are char- acterized by having single-flowered spikelets and stout, terminally-awned lem- mas. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the Stipeae (including all genera except Anemanthele) using a total of 94 species (nine species were used as outgroups) based on five plastid DNA regions (trnK-5’matK, matK, trnHGUG-psbA, trnL5’-trnF, and ndhF) and a single nuclear DNA region (ITS).