11110 New Series Vol. XL V No. 5 • Whole Series Vol. LXXV No. 2 • February 1985

FEATURES 8 A Visit to North Korea Dorothy L. Ogle 1 2 A Changing City-An Adapting Church Djalma Araujo, William Boggs, Chang Soon Lee 1 6 Some Positive Thoughts on Mission Daniel A. Stinson 1 8 A Mission in Music Faye Wilson-Beach 20 Literacy-Stil~ a Major Emphasis Tracy Early 26 Africa Revisited Ralph E. Dodge 28 Japan International Christian University­ A Bridge of Understanding Betty Gray and Jeanne Shelton 32 Three Women Changing the World Lloyd E. Young 37 The Church and International Research Douglas W . Johnson COLUMN 39 Viewpoint Creighton Lacy DEPARTMENTS 3 Mission Memo 7 Editorials 40 Books 45 Q and A About Missions Donald E. Struchen

Editorial Offices Administrative Assistant Director Promotion Columnists: Advertising Representative: 475 Riverside Drive, Florence J. Mitchell and Utilization New York, N. Y. 10115 Elizabeth Marchant James M. Ault Allan E. Shubert Company, Art Director Creighton Lacy 198 Allendale Road, King of Editor Roger C. Sadler Contributing Editors: Leontine T. C. Kelly Prussia, PA 19406 Arthur J. Moore Charles E. Brewster Donald Struchen (215/265-0648) Executive Editor Chief Photographer Doris Franklin (India) George M. Daniels John C. Goodwin Winston H. Taylor

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February, 1985 Sanctuary. Two United Methodist sanctuary workers in Tucson, Ariz., were among 16 persons indicted Jan. 14 for helping illegal refugees from Central America; they were Philip M. Conger, director of the Tucson Ecumenical Council's Task Force on Central AmerTCa, and Peggy Hutchison, coordinator of border ministry for Tucson Metropolitan Ministries. Both are former short-term missionaries. Also indicted were a Presbyterian pastor and several Roman Catholic priests and nuns. In addi­ tion, more than 60 refugees were named as co-conspirators by a Federal grand jury in Phoenix. They were arrested in several cities; among them were three Guatemalans given sanctuary by First UMC, Germantown, Pa., who were released after the church paid $3,000 bail. Church groups and the Reagan Administration have been disputing whether the Central Americans are political refugees in danger if they return home or persons seeking better economic opportunities in the U.S. In New York, GBGM General Secretary Randolph Nugent cited the 1984 General Conference action encouraging congregations to designate their churches as sanctuaries and said that the board is prepared to help any church or conference who asks assistance.

Africa Famine Relief. UM Support for famine relief in Africa continues to bring in large sums of money. As of the end of 1984, $1.8 million dollars had been received in the Advance Special designated for Ethiopia;$1,198,578 in the Bishops' Appeal for Hunger in Africa. In December only, $245,604 for the Glob al Food Crisis Appeal,$496,550 for the World Hunger/Poverty Advance Special and $158,289 for the Hunger Advance Special was received. In one week in January, the United Methodist Committee on Relief disbursed through Church World Service $100,000 in three areas: $50,000 to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for the increased number of children in orphanages; $30,000 to the Sudan council of Churches for famine relief in the Ethiopian provinces of Tigre and Eritrea; and $20,000 for the support of the 4-person medical team sent to Ethiopia by Church World Service.

South Africa. Beyers Naude, a Dutch Reformed theologian and leading Afrikaaner opponent of apartheid, became general secretary of the South African Council of Churches for a two-year interim period beginning Feb. l. He succeeds Bishop Desmond Tutu, the 1984 Nobel Prize winner for Peace, who has become the Anglican Bishop of Johannesburg. Or. Naude has recently completed a period of 7 years when he was banned by the South African government, which meant that there were severe restrictions on his movements and his right to speak in public ... Bishop Tutu was nominated for the Nobel Prize by a committee chaired by the head of the Norwegian Methodist mission society, Mrs. Tove Odlund, who is also a member of the GBGM ..• Meanwhile, there are plan"'St'O step up protests in the U.S. against South African policy. More church leaders (including UM bishops, church executives and general board members) are expected to be arrested. In previous demonstrations, a number of UM pastors have been arrested. Ep i scopal Elections. El ect ions in three countries resulted in the reelection of two bishops but deadlocks in replac i ng one retiring bishop and filling one new area. In Chile, Isaias Gut ierrez was reelected on the first ballot for another 4-year term. Bi shop Guterriez, 56 , is also the Secretary for Evangelism for the Council of Evangelical Methodist Churches in Latin America ... In the Philippines, Emerita P. Nacpil was reelected leader of the Manila Area on the third ballot. Bishop NacP,-1, 52, was formerly president of Union Theological Seminary in Manila. Bishop Paul L. Granadosin, bishop for life, leads the Baguio Area. Balloting was stopped after the 40th ballot failed to break a deadlock and elect a bishop for the new third episcopal area; Bishop Nacpil was directed to preside over the new area until an election takes place, perhaps in July 1986 ..• the General Conference of the Methodist Church in India, which took place despite a court injunction and an open i ng day demonstrat i on against the leadership of one its bishops, was unable to elect a replacement for retiring Bishop Eric A. Mitchell of the Bombay Area. After 58 ballots, the delegates gave up and reinstated Bishop Mitchell and reassigned the other 5 bishops to their current areas. An adjourn ed session will be held, possibly i n October ... In Singapore, the delegates had better luck, electing Chee Sin Ho as bishop and also president of the Trinity Annual Conference. The ReV:-­ CfiQng-Kwang Wong was elected president of the Chinese Annual Conference and the Rev.~ DanieT"as president of the Tamil Annual Conference.

Deaths. Esthe~ Arias, wife of the Rev. Mortimer Arias, died Dec. 29 in Cochabamba, Bolivia, of a brain tumor. She was co-author with her husband, a professor at the Claremont School of Theology, of the 1980 study on Latin America, The Cry of My People ..• Jennie Blasdell, a retired Women's Division missionary w1i'O'"""servecr-3"'()" years in India, died on Dec. 22. She was 93 •..• Margaret Ward Henley, wife of retired UM Bishop James W. Henley, died Dec. 7 in Lakelancr,-Fla .••. Florence Eslinger, a retired deaconess with 32 years of service at churches in Michigan, died Oct. 28. She was 93 ••• Bertha E. Jones, a retired World Division missionary who served in China for 2 years, diea Dec. 17. She was 94 ••.. Susie W. (Mrs. David D.) Jones, a pioneer in interracial cooperation in the Woman's DiviSTon of The ~thodist Church and the widow of the president of Bennett College, died Dec. 23 in Greensboro, N.C. She was 92 ... the Rev. Don Edward Kenney, a retired EUB World Div i sion missionary who served in Sierra-Leone for 3 years, died Jan. 1. He was 82 •••. the Rev. I.B. Loud, retired in 1980 after 32 years at pastor St. Paul •s UM Church in Dallas:-cfiea-Jan. 19 of cancer. He was 74 •.. Bessie Meeker, a retired Women's Division missionary who served in China for 19 years, died Dec. 16. She was 95 ..•• Ju sti na Lorenz Showers, former national president of the Women's Council of the EUB Church an d widow of EUB Bishop J. Balmer Showers, died Dec. 27 in Dayton, Ohio . She would have been 100 on Jan. 4 ..•. Kenneth H. Slade, a retired World Divis i on missionary who served over 31 years in South Africa, died Dec. 5 in South Afr i ca. He was 68 ...• Clara May Starkey, a retired Women's Division missionary who served in Latin Amer ica for---i-5 years, died on Dec. 2. She was 89 •.. The Rev. George B. Workman, a retired World Div i sion missionary who served for 32 years in China and India, died on Nov. 29 . He was 80.

Bangl adesh. This As ian nation has suffered the worst floods since 1929, according to Churc h Wo rld Servi ce . It i s now known that some 64 out of 71 districts were affected an d an estimated 10 percent of the total land area was flooded. The catastrophe , i n con j unction with a very mediocre winter crop, means that this nation of 93 mi l li on i s going through the worst economic crisis in its history. Media coverage has been very poor, i n part because of concentration on Ethiopia. Wedding. Former World Council of Churches General Secretary Philip Potter and the Rev. Barbel von Wartenbur~, director of the wee Sub-unit on Women, were married in West Germany---on Dec. 22. otter, 63, retired as head of the WCC last year ; a West Indian, he will teach at the University of the West Indies in Ja~aica.

China. Prospects for healing the split between the Vatican and the breakaway Roman Catholic Church in China may be improving. Cardinal Jaime Sin of the Philippines visited China last October and says that he has information that Beijing would allow the 3-million-member church to realign itself with the papacy if it wished. Despite periodic attempts to heal t~e 27-year-old split, the officially sanctioned Chinese church has continued to function as an independent body, with diplomatic observers citing China's resistance to acknowledging pqpal supremacy over the affairs of the church.

World Methodist Peace Award. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter will be the first American to receive the World Methodist Peace Award. It wi It be presented on March 13 at Emory University in Atlanta by retired UM Bishop William R. Cannon, chair of the WMC executive committee and a long-time friend of Mr. Carter. In announcing the award to the former president, WMC general secretary Joe Hale cited Carter's long commitment to world peace and increased understanding among peoples. Carter, a Southern Baptist layman, joins such previous recipients pS the late president Anwar Sadat of Egypt, Saidie Patterson of Northern Ireland, Lord Donald Soper of England, and the Rev. Abel Hendricks of South Africa.

Chile. Church and civil authorities in Chile appear to be headed for a showdown. That is the opinion of 'the Rev. Wilson T. Boots, a UM district superintendent and member of the governing board of the National Council of Churches, who recently visited the South Amerfcan nation at the request of the NCCC's Latin American/Caribbean desk. "There is clear evidence of an organized and systematic effort to harass Christian leaders, both Roman Catholic and Protestant including Pentecostals", said Boots. "Tope a faithful, witnessing Christian, especially to minister and witness to the poor, is a costly and dangerous exercise. Commitment to the poor is considered unpatriotic by the Pinochet government." In addition to Roman Catholic priests who have been expelled by the government, Mr. Boots told of four Methodist pastors who were arrested and kept in jail for 12 hours, a district superintendent who was attacked at gunpoint but escaped, and a woman pastor who has been attacked twice, had her house ransacked, and has received verbal threats. The Methodist church in Punta Arenas was dynamited last year. The use of torture has reportedly increased. Ecumenical church authorities estimate 5,000-6,000 Chileans are prisoners and an additional 165,000 people are reported to be in exile.

Law of the Sea. A UM program that received praise from both domestic and internatTOnaTC>fficials during a decade of existence came to a formal end Dec. 31. The Law of the Sea Project was begun by the Women's Division in 1975 on a six-months basis; it eventually became a joint project of the General Boards of Global Ministries and Church and Society. The United Nations's Law of the Sea Treaty was promulgated in 1982 and closed for signing on Dec. 9, 1984; all but about a dozen of the world's nations signed. Among the non-signers is the u·.s. The concerns of the program have been inluded in the common heritage concept and will be monitoreq by the UM Panel on International Affairs. Personalia. Ben Bushyhead, an authority on Native American Concerns, began work on Jan. 3 as executive director of the UM Native American Center in Oklahoma City ... Carleton R. Young, professor of church music at Candler School of Theology, will be the editor-of the new UM hymnal to De presented to the 1988 General Conference. He was the editor of the 1964 hymnal. Bishop Reuben Job will chair the committee preparing the hymnal .•• Geneva Harton-Dalton, a blacl< social worker who has been executive director of the Family Service Association in Grafton, W. Va., has been nominated to the three-member general secretariat of the UM General Commission on the Role and Starus of Women •.. Carolyn M. Anderson, associate director of the East Ohio Annual Conference Council on MiniStries, wi 11 become executive director of Black Methodists for Church Renewal this spring .•• The Rev. T. Donald Black, associate general director of the Program Agency of the denomination, has been elected the first executive director of the General Assembly Council of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) . The 58 member council oversees the mission work of the denomination, which came from the 1983 reunion of the former Presbyterian Church, U.S., and the former Presbyterian Church, U.S.A ••.• A trial on trespass and conspiracy charges has been scheduled for Peggy Garrigues, a US-2 assigned to the United Campus Ministry in New Hampshire, fol lowing a protest in Michigan in 1983 against the manufacture of engines for Cruise missiles •.• John T. Hoban, a communications consultant from Kettering, Ohio, has been named aaministrative assistant for communications and education by the UM association of Health and Welfare Ministries •.. the Rev. Tuck Kwan Koo, professor of Old Testament at the Methodist Theological Seminary----=rn-Seoul, Korea, will be a scholar in residence at the Methodist Theological School in Ohio.

Potato Project. The Potato Project of the Society of St. Andrew, which salvages and distributes food which would otherwise be wasted, exceeded its 1984 goal of 8 million pounds of potatoes. In November, the project distributed over a million pounds of. potatoes to the hungry in the U.S. The 1985 goal is to distribute 12 to 15 million pounds of potatoes. "The potatoes are there to be salvaged, according to director of operations David Horne, "we just have to be careful not to get overly ambitious. We always run the risk of exceeding our financial capabilities in our attempts to get food to the hungry of our country." The Potato Project is one of two new National Division hunger programs approved as Advance Specials for the quadrennium with an asking of $1,200,000; the other program, the Appalachian Development Committee, has a quadrennial asking of $1,000,000.

Creationism. The ruling of a federal district judge in New Orleans Jan. 10 declaring a Louisiana "creationism" law unconstitutional has been applauded by a UM minister who was among the group which first challenged the law in 1981. The law, requiring that the biblical story of creation be given equal time in public schools alongside Darwin's theory of evolution, has never been enforced, pending the outcome of court rulings. 11 We need to teach religion in churches and not in schools", said the Rev. Lonnie M. Sibley, pastor of First UMC, Denham Springs, La. "How in the world could the schools teach one way appropriate to the theology of Baptists, Methodists, sect groups and other?" c c n Theressa Hoover. Theressa Hoover, 59-year-old deputy general secretary for the a Women's Division of GBGM suffered an aneurism on Jan. 20 while at Stony Point, N.Y. SC She i s in Montefiore Hospital in New York undergoing tests to determine treatment. Ci ti

in ai ist Church. In add ition, we bear an ecumenical trace in our name since New World Outlook dates from the 1970 merger of World Outlook with the United Presbyterian magazine, °'-~ EDITORIA.. S bJ new. The merger, alas, never reall y took but the name did. FAMINE AND THE MEDIA Journalism Review, while NBC and All of which, we think, is in the spirit Mass starvation in Africa has finally CBS backed into it by accident. of the editorial announcement of 1915 become a media event. Though it The reasons have to do with what which stated that "World Outlook is doesn't dominate the news, especially the networks think the American avowedly missionary in character, but television news reports, as it did people want to see . ABC's Peter the word 'mi ss ionary' must be used in immediately following the presiden­ Jennings says, " I have covered this its broad and general sense, for World tial elections in November, there is at kind of story in scores of places and it is Outlook will stand not only for the least more attention being paid to always a hard story to get on the air. missionary propaganda of all denomi­ hunger in Africa. Unfortunately, this There is always the feeling-wrongly, nations but for every movement of attention comes at a terribly high I think-that Americans don't care. " religion, commerce and politic s price. The media (both American and Or, in th~ words 'of NBC's Tom which means sane Christ ia n British) can bask in the sunlight of Brokaw, " With all else that's going o~ progress. " glory for having mobilized aid to these days, so often those reports don't As usual on these occasions, th is combat the famine that is devastating have much impact. .. words from far­ year will be devoted in part to a look so many lives in Ethiopia and some 21 off places." back. In a later issue, we wi ll print other African countries. But that does Television finally brought home to some excerpts from previous issu es . not remove the shame they should feel the American people Ethiopia's plight. Not to brag (well, not an inordinate for ignoring for so long the dying of so And though the U.S . government, amount) but to show the remarkable many people merely for the want of churches and private citizens have q:mtinuity of approach of this maga­ food . responded to the moving visuals of zine and the missionary organizations We don't know how many lives people dying, the networks' tardiness it has reported on over the years. would have been saved had the media in covering perhaps the worst, cer­ Indeed, it is extraordinary how the tuned in on the tragedy even a year ago tainly the longest, natural disaster of concerns and patterns of 1911 conti n­ when it was reported that hundreds of the century cannot be discounted as ue in 1985. In 1911 , there was Ethiopian ch ildren were dying of easily as a missed .camera shot of a fa st emphasis on the ecumenical move­ hunger every day. Undoubtedly, and furious Super Bowl game. ment (the great miss ionary conference many would have survived. Brian Bird, a spokesman for World of 1910 in Edinburgh), on revolution Many church-related publications, Vision, put it well . " There's a double in Latin America (Mexico then and including New World Outlook, have standard here somewheres. I want to Central America now), on fam ine consistently reported the unrelieved know how that relates to ratings and relief (China rather than Africa), on drought that has blighted Africa for the sales. There's definitely something race (a book by W .E.B. DuBois), a past 15 years . As our report Uanuary wrong here. " letter by John R. Mott on the need fo r 1984) stated: "The dimensions of missionary literature, ·and even the Ethiopia's human tragedy are stark and usual complaints about the smal I cruel enough; as many as 100 people, SOME THOUGHTS AT 75 number of church members who give most of them young children, are A glance at our masthead will reveal money for mission work and a discu s­ dying of hunger everyday. More stqg­ that this is volume LXXV of this sion of the proper balance between gering is the fact that there appears to magazine. In arabic rather than apportionments and " specials". The be no end in sight for this sad drama of Roman numerals, that is 75 and we are ljst cowld be greatly expanded . human suffering." Where has the rest therefore celebrating our 75th birth­ There are important differences . of the world been? day. There was a sunny optimism in 1911 , In fact, one should also ask, where All of this is a bit arbitrary. We trace a belief that the Kingdom of God on has network television been? Were our unbroken line of descent to the earth was not far away if we al I did our they too busy covering the Reagan­ beginning of The Mi?signary .Voice in part, that two world wars, the great Mondale debates and Geraldine Far­ 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal Depressi on, and the spl itting of the rare? Hardly; they still gave profuse Church, South . The name World Out- atom have made impossible for us coverage to El Salvador and Nicara­ lookwas first used by a publication of today. We are perhaps more rea listic gua . Did they know about the the Methodist Episcopal Church in now (underline perhaps) bu t less drought? Yes . It's difficult to believe 1915, then used by the lnterchurch enthu si astic. Is that an improve ment? otherwise in light of the worldwide World Movement in 1920. In 1932 Probabl y. reach of network news departments The Missionary Voice changed its In an y case, we and th e miss ionary and their historic readiness to cover name to World Outlook. movement we report on are sti 11 here. some of the world's most geographi­ But the 1911 Missionary Voice was It could not be otherwise in the case of cally inaccessible and politically hos­ itself a merger of three earlier maga­ the Christian mission, w hi ch we be­ tile places. zines and we are proud that our lieve to be an essential pa rt of God's ABC News reportedl y had the fam ­ heritage goes back to the 19th Century plan for sal vation. God's pl an, not ine in Africa story six months before it beginnings of the mi ss ion organ iza­ ou rs . But we are grateful to have been aired, according to the Wa shington tions now part of The United Method- a w itness to that plan for 75 yea rs. DOROTHY L. OGLE:

rom my earliest days as a Method­ in every room and similar slogans on One country Fist missionary in South Korea I just about every building. became aware of the pain of families After ten years of disuse, my Korean obout which separated by the artificial division of language was rusty, but I was quite their country, and I heard the prayers relieved to find that the Korean spoken Americons know for " tong ii ", unification. But many in Pyongyang was like the standard little is North Koreo. Christians had fled to the South , fearing Korean I learned in Seoul . One change that they wou Id lose their freedom to I noticed was the absence of low talk, Here.iso worship in the commun ist North. They traditionally used by a superior to a had great concern about what reunifi­ person in a lower position. I also glimpse of thot cation might mean for their rapidly noticed there was very little bowing. A growing churches. child about to perform gives a salute­ country, bosed on During the fifteen years I lived in like wave of the arm instead of the South Korea I watched the dramatic traditionai bow. I was constantly o recent visit. industrialization along with the mili­ impressed with the oneness of the tarization of the country. We were Korean people-one history and the constantly reminded of the miseries of same customs, food arid clothes . the life in North Korea as well as the During our stay in Pyongyang we great threat of another invasion. We stayed at the Potonggang Hotel for had no realistic idea of what life in foreigners where we had comfortable North Korea was like, for there was no rooms and ate delitious Korean food communication at all-not a visit or in a large dining room. Among the even a letter. People in the South do other guests were a Russian dance not even know if their family members troupe, the president of the Korea­ in the North are still alive. Austria Friendship Association and a How excited I was to have the rare Swedish man who had come with the opportunity to visit North Korea for United Nations Development Pro­ two weeks as a member of the gram . The hotel was located on the American Friends Service Committee banks of the Potong River. We were 1984 peace delegation. I brought told that before liberation th is area was many questions to this trip-so many the poorest in the city because of the questions that my guide frequently told flooding which took place every year. me that if I didn't stop asking questions Now it had been trq.nsformed into a we wouldn't get home until midnight. lovely manmade river where people As our plane prepared to land. in were fishing and .boating. North Korea we viewed the beautifu I Having heard that previous delega­ rice fields ready to harvest, the exten­ tions had not been allowed to go out sive irrigation system and the orderly without their guide, we asked if we farms we would later have an opportu­ could take a walk. We were told that nity to visit. At the Pyongyang airport since we had a visa we could go there was a band and hundreds of anywhere we liked . Though a tight people waving flowers to welcome a schedule left little free time, we had delegation of the Japanese Socialist many short unaccompanied walks in Party also travelling on our plane. We Pyongyang, Kaesong and Mt. Myo­ noticed the large picture of Kim II Sung hyang and a long walk out into the over the airport and the slogan , " Long residential neighborhood when moth­ live the Great Leader Comrade Kim II ers on their way home from work were Sung". We would find these pictures picking up their children. (Top) Author Dorothy Ogle (third from left) and members of the delegation tour a children's palace; (center) Three members of a Christian worship group in an apartment; (bottom) school girls on the streets of Pyongyang.

A Completely New City Since Pyongyang was almost totally destroyed by the Korean War, it is now a completely new modern city with wide streets, beautiful plazas with many statues, huge monuments and fountains, high-rise apartment build­ ings, shops and large department stores, schools, huge modern public buildings many with oriental style roofs, stadiums, an ice-hockey rink and even an amusement park with a double loop roller coaster. During working hours there were almost no people on the streets or in the muse­ ums . Before and after work and on Sundays the scene changed, but never did we see many cars or even bicycles. Most people walked, and those who had to go further rode the electric busses or subway. There was no obvious military presence and few police other than a few traffic police­ men. Kim II Sung says his policy is to use persuasion rather than force. Education Given Priority The pen has been added to the hammer and sickle as tools of the revolution . First priority is given to education, and the purpose of that education is to mold the human being. After the Korean War the first factory was a pencil factory and schools were the first buildings built. Eleven years of compulsory educa­ tion include kindergarten, four years of elementary school and six years of senior middle school. There is a plan that in the future compulsory educa­ tion will include university or trade school for everyone. Children in North Korea are consid­ ered kings-the future of the nation . In order to build a well-rounded person every student should have a good background in at least one musical instrument, one sport, and one tech­ nical subject. In the schools and " palaces" provided for these extra­ curricular activities we were im­ pressed by the superior equipment and the skill and talents of the students. At a farm kindergarten we were enter­ tained on the piano by a very talented four-year-old daughter of a tractor driver. Throughout North Korea there is free medical care for everyone, with the basic health care unit at the sc hool , abou t the si tuation of the Christian changes with Buddhists in South East work place or nei ghborh ood cl inic. Church in North Korea. He told us that Asian countrie s. Each person has his own doctor who before the war there had been 1400 makes house ca lls when necessary. A churches and 120,000 believers in People "Not Interested" in Religion continuous health record is ma in­ North Korea, but during the war all the Frequently we were told that people tained throughout a person's life. If churches were destroyed by U.S . were not interested in religion because surgery is needed or if there is a bombs . Many Christians were killed they have everything they need . The complicated problem people are re­ while praying in their churches. Then most dramatic illustration of this point ferred to a regu laror specialty hospital . because the United States threatened of view was made by an irrigation Preventive health care is stressed , to drop a nuclear bomb, many more specialist proudly showing us his including one-hundred-percent im­ Christians fled to the South , and many project. He said that in the past people munizati on s, good nutrition and good died on the way. After the war there used to pray to the gods for rain, and dental care. Th is has resul ted in a low were so few Christians left that they when no ra in came the crops failed . infant mortality rate and an increased had no interest in rebuilding churches. Now, thanks to the Beloved Leader life span. The health plan includes They were quite satisfied with meeting President Kim II Sung, they had built health complexes for bath ing and in homes as they had started to do this irrigation project and were always exerci se , restau rants, amu sement during the war. Now they meet in assured of water for a good harvest. parks, ho liday homes and sports and small groups throughout the country. entertainment facilities. Most of the people are elderly and The extended fa mily is st il l very there are only seventeen pastors . stron g, and old people are ta ken care I shared with the group a small of by the fami ly. Tliere is almost no picture album of our family in South di vorce, and the guide at the Pyon­ Korea and I talked about the growing gyang Maternity Hospital told us that church there. I brought up the South in twenty years he had never seen an Korean Christians' concern that if there unwed mother. were reunification, they might lose In the city and the country new their freedom to worsh ip. The people hou si ng is being constructed contin­ laughed at this, and we wondered if uously and provi ded for very small their laughter meant, " There is nothing rent. Those who have lived in old to worry about" or if it meant, " Ye s, housi ng the longest have first priority. we know why they are worried ." Mr. There is not as much variety of Ko assured us that freedom of worship con sumer goods available as one was built into their constitution. We wou ld find in Sou th Korea , but there were told that Christians had held appears to be plenty of all types of government positions including the necessities for all of the people . Vice-President of the country who died last year. A House Church Meeting They gave each of us a New On Sunday we and ou r gu ides Testament and a hymnbook, and I visited a house ch urch meeting in a gave them a tape of the Inchon Elders high- rise apartment buil ding. The Choir. worshipers included an elder who Buddhism, though not practiced by lived in the apartment, the Rev. Mr. Ko large numbers of people, appears to be who heads the North Korean Christian more acceptable as a part of historical Federation, the Rev. Mr. Kim who Korea. It was the state religion during preached the sermon, two other men the Koryo Dynasty and is associated and six women. After a brief greeting w ith patriotism and fighting for free­ we sat around the room on cus hion s, dom against the Japanese. Therefore passed out the New Testaments and its temples are restored and preserved hym nbooks which had been pub­ by the government as national trea­ lished in Pyongyang in 1983 , and sures . In addition to the monks who began the formal worship service practice their religion at the temple, which included prayers, hymn s, the government pays researchers. The Scripture reading (Matthew 5: 14-16 monks meditate in the temples and and Philippians 2:15), and a se rmon visi t in homes. They are frequently on the text, "let us become the light of invited to funerals but don't have the world." weddings any more. There are about After the worship there was a three hundred monks who meet to­ fellowship time where we were se rved gether periodically in Pyongyang, and drinks and cookies. Mr. Ko ta lked to us the Buddh is t Federation has ex- 10 [74) New World Outlook • February 1985 We could feel on both sides ,, '' the poin of the divided countr.Y.

It seems that Kim II Sung has taken I am finding it difficult to report the Experiences of Hope the place of religion for the North good things I saw in North Korea Koreans. They give him thanks for because some persons in the U.S. There were several experiences everything. Their songs and art praise become quite upset. By the same which gave us hope. One of the him. Everywhere there are slogans token, our hosts in North Korea , who highlights of the trip was meeting a honoring him; his picture is in every courteously listened to my difficult Korean American pastor who was on room; each person wears a Kim II Sung questions and disagreements, were our plane to Pyongyang to be reunited button. Murals picture him with his silent when I made any comment with a sister he had not seen for arms around the children. It apppears about the accomplishments of South thirty-five years . We shared his great that they feel he is their wise and caring Koreans . It is quite disturbing to think anticipation and his great anxiety over an unexpected delay caused by two of father. of "the enemy" doing anything good. his five suitcases being misse nt to Everyone studies Juche, Kim II I do not think of North Korea as a Tokyo. At last toward the end of our Sung's philosophy which teaches in­ utopia. A two week guided tour cannot visit we were able to share his great joy dependence in ideology and politics al low me to see the problems of a at his family reunion. and self-reliance in economics and country in the same way that living in Another moving experience was the military. South Korea for fifteen years brought standing out in the streets of Pyon­ At a lecture on Juche, I asked if us into the middle of a human rights gyang watching the parade of trucks religion was incompatible with Juche. struggle. loaded with relief supplies for the flood The answer was that both atheists and In North Korea we were told that victims of South Korea . In pouring rain believers were interested in Juche. every person works eight hours a day people lined the streets cheering and Religion is not incompatible with six days a week. The life of a farmer or Juche if it advocates independence, construction worker must be very waving flowers. Many were weeping opposes oppression and domination, difficult, and we have no idea what to think of having some contact with and if it demands equality, harmony, kinds of pressures are put on people or their brothers and sisters in the South. cooperation and love between per­ what kinds of punishments they might This would be the first time any goods sons and nations. face if they disagree with the regimen­ would cross the line since the war. ted program of work and study they are Relief supplies had been offered by What Does the Trip Mean? expected to follow. There is much we both sides in the past but had neve r been accepted. What does the experience of this trip do not know, but there was much we Recent history had taken North and mean to me as an American Christian? could see, and there are many things we could feel . South Korea down very different paths, A truck driver in a convoy of relief and there are many obstacles to be supplies from North to South Korea The Pain of a Divided Country overcome if the dream of reunification cheered by people on the streets Standing at Panmunjom looking at were to take place. But they have of Pyongyang. the great division, we could feel for much to gain from each other, and too both sides the pain of the divided much to lose if they continue to put country. We could see the huge their resources into fighting each concrete wall which has been built other. Negotiations will not be any across the peninsula on the South side easier when the next generation ca n of the DMZ, and we heard the North no longer remember any ties . Koreans lament that the U.S. has built What about the relationship be­ a wall so that even the animals cannot tween North Korea and the United cross . We saw only American soldiers States? North Korea has opened its on the South side of the DMZ, and we doors to American scholars, church felt strange as they set up their big delegations and Korean Americans cameras to take our pictures. Since wishing to be reunited with their there are no foreign troops in North families. Our State Department has Korea we can see that they feel refu sed to give a visa to any North threatened by the prese nce of 40,000 Korean . We could at least start to open U.S. troops, nuclear weapons and the door for trade and exchanges " Team Spirit Maneuvers" . which would promote better and more South Koreans also feel threatened . truthful understanding between North Both sides would be destroyed if there Korea and the United State s. What do were ever another war. I believe the we have to lose? • North Koreans claim that they do not want reunification by force. Remem­ bering the destruction of the Korean War they point out a building under Dorothy L. Ogle, a former mi ssi onary in construction and say, "One bomb the Republi c of Korea , now lives in the would destroy that building." Washington, D.C., area .

New World Outlook • February 1985 (75] 11 A Changing Cit~-

Djalma Araujo, William Boggs, Chang Soon Lee

owhere can the rapidly escalating serves the elements to a predominantly N effects of ethnic change in the Anglo congregation; a Puerto Rican United States be seen as clearly than in pastor communes with a primarily the increasing diversity of Los Angeles. Black congregation; a Japanese County and federa l officials now say woman pastor shares the cup with that Los Angeles has more immigrants descendants of ancient enemies at the than any other city in America. In Chinese United Methodist Church. 1960, ethnic minority groups com­ The Wilshire United Methodist posed 28% of the total Los Angeles Church, located on one of the city's population. Current estimates show best known boulevards, is one of the 20% Black, 30% Hispanic, 10% Asian churches that is facing the increasing and 40% Anglo. ethnicity of its community and suc­ Los Angeles has more Spanish­ cessfu I ly devising ministry strategies to speaking people than Bol ivia, Costa reflect an emphasis upon inclusive­ Rica , Nicaragua, or Panama. It has ness . more Pacific Asian people than Guam, Within a one-mile radius of the Macao, or Micronesia. It has more Wilshire Church are luxurious homes black people than Gabon, Guyana, for the very rich, located in neighbor­ Namibia, the Central African Repub­ hoods which do not have the reputa­ lic, or Botswana . Los Angeles is, tion of Beverly Hills but rival it in indeed, already a " Third World City," financial clout. On the other extreme, one of the great mission fields of the one finds the Rampart District, one of world. the city's largest barrios. County au­ How does the church relate to these thorities believe this to be the center where every person is welcome and overwhelming societal changes? How for illegal alien housing in Los Angeles activities are designed to overcome particularly does the United Methodist County. Between the two extremes is barriers of estrangement; Church, whose missional priority for the area known as Koreatown, a 2. To be a healing community the 1984-88 Quadrennium is the rapidly expanding center for Korean where there are ministries to the whole Ethnic Minority Local Church, minis­ businesses and cultural activity. person that enhance human develop­ ter in this kaleidoscope of ethnic The congregation's current five­ ment and growth; groups? Many churches experience year ministry plan contains a cogent 3. To be an evangelizing church that difficulties in adapting to this transition statement of purpose that serves as the touches the people of Los Angeles with in constituencies. Because of the foundation for their commitment to the good news of Jesus Christ and predominantly Anglo orientation of cultural pluralism: invites them to respond to Chri'st's love this country, the transition can destroy " The purpose of our church is clear and the message of scriptural holiness; the programs that typically appeal to to all of us: We are to serve as a sign of 4. To be a worshipping congrega­ the Anglo church and new methods the presence of Christ in our city. We tion where different cultural expres­ must be devised. are extensions of Christ's ministry, sions are encouraged as we gather members of the Body of Christ in Los close to one another and to God, to be The Los Angeles District Angeles. As signs of the love of Christ touched by the Holy Spirit and and the Wilshire UMC we must reflect the priorities and enriched by the proclamation of Bibli­ commitments of Jesus . Realizing that cal truths; The Los Angeles District has a long the world has truly become our parish , 5. To be an empowering center standing commitment to cross-cultur- we acknowledge the following priori- where the people of God discover their al ministry. On World Communion ties for our community of faith: gifts for ministry and are equipped to Sunday in Los Angeles, a black pastor 1. To be an inclusive fellowship serve in the world."

12 [76) New World Outlook• February 1985 -AnAdapting Church

served the same Christ and I felt the church ought to be on the cutting edge of this kind of change. So we stuck it · out." Today, a black man is chairper­ Los Angeles'' is son of the Administrative Board, a one of the great black woman is chairperson of the Staff-Parish Relations Committee, and mission fields friendships across racial lines are strong· and affirming. of the world. Five years ago another ground­ breaking ministry began among the Korean people who were a growing '' presence in the community. Dr. Chang Soon Lee joined the pastoral staff and began a worship service in the Korean language. Their first service was attended by eleven people.

The Principle of "One Church"

In the early stages of this group's development, the church appointed a Korean Ministry Committee, com­ Not a Painless Journey posed equally of English-speaking and Korean-speaking members. They de­ This has not been a painless journey cided to maintain a commitment to the for the Wilshire United Methodist principle of "one church". Rather than Church. Historically, one of the most creating a Korean tenant congregation wealthy and prestigious churi:;hes in its who paid rent on the facilities and annual conference, it has successfufly evolved as a separate church, the redefined its ministry commitments committee felt strongly that member­ and broadened its congregational di­ ship should be held jointly in one versity across a period of years . church . Almost twenty years ago the first In order to make this a reality, black families joined the Wilshire opportunities for fellowship and cul­ church . At first it was painful and tural interaction were encouraged. sometimes angry, but across the years Korean representation on all commit­ acceptance gr~w. One of the first tees was mandated, and the finances black members says, "During the early were all handled by a central treasury. years, it was like being on an island This effort has not been accom­ alone. We were not really seen, we plished without pain and misunder­ were looked through . Our children standing. In the early days, some would ask us why we were putting up English-speaking members opposed with this. But, this was a community the Korean development, fearing that church and I lived in thE} community. with the rapid influx of Koreans into More importantly, I knew we all the community, perhaps some day this New World Outlook • February 1985 (77] 13 group would " take over" the church . Under the skilled leadership of Dr. Irwin Trotter, who was then Senior Pastor, difficulties were faced realisti­ cally and overcome. Two years ago, when the Korean people had out­ grown the chapel where they wor­ shipped , anxieties were again raised when they moved their Sunday after­ noon worship services into the sanc­ tuary: Today, the Korean people average 220 in their Sunday afternoon worship se~vices. Last year their group raised $160,000 through pledges and offer­ ings, not only paying for their share of staff and program expenses, but mak­ ing a growing contribution to the expenses of building maintenance and repair. The youth divisions of both language groups enjoy many oppor­ tunities for fellowship and mutual activities. Misunderstandings still occur, but the communication process is more open and receptive after several years of working successfu I ly together as one church.

The Most Recent Addition

The most recent addition to the ethnic ministry portfolio of Wilshire is taking shape under the leadership of the Rev. Djalma Araujo. He is a native of Brazil with an excellent background as an urban pastor. His staff responsi­ bilities focus primarily on the area of evangelism, which he defines as an effort to incarnate the Word in pro­ grams of compassion, reconciliation and redemption . He contacts all first­ time visitors, develops new member training programs and has the respon­ sibility to develop a growing Hispanic ministry. A Spanish-speaking Sunday school class has been formed and it has quickly drawn Hispanic persons into the membership of the church . Also, the Brazilian-Portugese Cultural As­ sociation is meeting regularly at Wil­ shire for meals and fellowship. Plans are now being formulated for a radio The six-member ministerial staff are (left to right) Janet broadcast on a Spanish-speaking sta­ Gollery McKeithen, minister of education and youth; tion, and a tutorial program for His­ Djalma Araujo, minister of evangelism and public relations; Chang Soon Lee, associate minister and pastor of panic children who have a difficult the Korean congregation; William Boggs, senior minister; time understanding their school teach­ John S. Rice, minister of religion and the arts; Ralph ers . Crabbe, minister of support services. Every day the doors of the Wilshire A get-together on Sunday emphasizes the diversity of the church.

church are open to its neighbors. They of difficult change and adaptation . Easter wo rs hip celebration from Wi l­ come from Hancock Park, Beverly From such faithfulness, the gospel shire United Methodist Church w ill be Hills, Windsor Square, El Salvador, grows and takes root in contemporary broadcast nationwide on NBC-TV Easte r

Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, life. Sund ay, April 71 1985. Brazil , Korea, the Philippines, Africa, The members of the Wilshire United The service wi ll be ai red live: Belize and many other countries. Methodist Church, 1,200 strong, af­ 8 - 9 a.m. PST Particularly on Sunday mornings you firm that in Je ~ u s C~risi there is " no catch a thrilling vision of the Kingdom East or West, in Him no South or 9 - 10 a.m. MST of God as the rainbow of people gather North, but one great fellows hip of love 10 - 11 a.m. CST in the statel y cathedral sanctuary. throughout the whole wide earth ." • 11 a.m. to 12 noon - EST An Enriching Diversity Check your local listi ng to confirm time . in your community. A rapidly growing number of The authors are three of the six members of the ministeri al staff at W ilshire U ni ted "young urban professional" white The Easter worship celebration is being Methodist Churc h: Djalma Araujo is Min­ prod uced by the NBC- TV Network Rel igiou s couples and a solid core of long- time ister of Evan gelism and Pu blic Relations; Unit and will be aired in the time slot alloted to Wilshire members have discovered Wi lliam Boggs is Se ni or Miriiste r; Cha ng the National Cou ncil of the Churches of Christ. It how enriching diversity can be . They Soon Lee is Associate Minister and Pastor is made available to The Un ited Method ist have rema ined faithful during a period to the Ko rea n congregation. Church through its CCC assoc iation .

New World Outlook • February 1985 [79] 15 SOME POSITIVE THOUGHTS ON MISSION Daniel A. Stinson

'fciu mean there are success stories cessful ventures ever undertaken by Christmas and Easter by preparing I in the mission field?" our Church. during Advent and Lent on a continu­ That seem ingly innocent question I believe that if we have a clearer ing basis . Without doing so, such has been asked over and over again by understanding of our mission effort, celebrations would. become discon­ concerned church members. For me, we will be less prone to uncritically nected from the tot~lity of the Christian it raises a more disturbing question : condemn ourselves for whatever mis­ message. Likewise with mission that is W hat has happened to our mission takes we have made or will be making, part and parcel of that message. interpretation for such confusion to and take this matter in the context of arise in the minds of both the clergy the total mission enterprise. Conservative vs. Liberal and the laity? In attempting to answer these re lat­ Mission as Mandate So much of the tir:ne we spend in ed questions, I am drawing from my mission discussion centers on drawing own personal experiences as a local Mission is an integral part of the the distinction between " my way" or pastor for 15 years and as a recent Church'sfunction. ltisnotanoption. It " your way". We have so carved up visitor to fou r Central African nations. is a mandate. Whatever one's theolog­ our understanding of missions that we What I have to share is neither gospel ical perspective, it is meaningless to have lost sight of the beauty of our truth nor th~ absolute word on mis­ speak in terms of mission as though we differences. sion ; rather, I fee l there is much to be had a choice. Our choice is clearly The "conservative" call for person­ learned about our ongoing mission defined: Will we be obedient to alized evangelism is countered by the activities that is somehow not getting Christ's command to go to all the " liberal" admonition for the "social across to the vast majority of the world or wi 11 we so narrowly define the gospel". How tragic that we have United Methodist Church. world in parochial terms that we, in al lowed such self-made labels to so The reason for this enormous lack of effect, negate our involvement in it? influence the life and work of the understanding of our mission activities Will we be wise enough to allow for church. Why must we so clearly may be traced to the fact that American diversity in our mission efforts or will separate the two approaches? Have we society tends to respond to the more we dogmatically dictate decisions forgotten that Christ's death and resur­ splashy and slick efforts of professional according to our own divisive doc­ rection was for the whole person­ public relations people. As a result, we trines? mi nd , body and soul? Our mission in the churches have developed what I Indeed, " missions begin at home" is enterprise is so varied that it includes consider to be a kind of insensitivity to a non-Biblical concept that must be not only preaching and teaching but the more mundane, ongoing mission challenged, unless we understand the also feeding, clothing, housing and work of the Church. whole world to be our home--and a healing. Indeed, our minds have been fo­ temporary home at that. In the mission field, the distinctions cused on the more emotional images Part of the reason for the shortsight­ between the two approaches seem of starving children, cattle dying in the edness on mission lies in what I largely irrelevant. For example, Wil­ drought, and thousands of Africans consider to be the sad state of mission liam Fitzgerald, an agricultural mis­ coming to an evangelistic meeting. education in our local churches . For sionary in Zing, Nigeria, is helping Because of this fixation with vivid many of our churches, " teaching Nigerians learn ways to improve their images, I feel we have been largely mission" is no more than a kind of diets through year-round gardening, ignoring the less dramatic but more annual event attended mostly by raising poultry and rqbbits. Some substantive side of the mission enter­ people with prior interest in mission. would wonder what his work has to do prise. It goes without saying that we Herein lies the problem. Mission with the Gospel's message of salva­ need to know the entire mission should B~ an integrated effort that must tion. Yet, did not Christ spend time story-the mundane along with the be practiced weekly, monthly, yearly feeding the five thousand? William miraculous, the specific w ith the at all levels of the church . A hymn, a Fitzgerald's message is neither social spectacular, the subleties with the prayer, a reference in the sermon, a nor personal. His mission is both . He is su pe rlatives . children's story-all of these methods not an exception . In the 23 days I spent Beyond all the shortcomings and should be used as tools for for in Central Africa, I met missionary after failures that we have been hearing educating people about our commit­ missionary who were seeking to be about for so long, I have become ment to missions. total messengers of God's total mes­ convinced that the United Methodist Making mission an ongoing con­ sage of love. mission enterprise remains one of the cern and not a once-a-year ritual has In Nairobi, Kenya, I met John and most dynamic, productive and sue- parallels in the way we celebrate Joanne McCullough who are serving

16 (80] New World Outlook • February 1985 the Charles New Methodist Church. Towards True Partnership Su ch ri ks are what life i all As an ordained minister of the South­ about- loving peo pl e enough to allow ern New England Conference on loan " A good minister is one w ho works them to grow into their own God­ to the Methodist Church of Ken ya, himsel f or herse lf out of a job." I was given potentia l. John McCullough's ministry presents a not sure what my professo r meant by clear evidence that mission work can that when I fi rst heard the statement at A Fundamental Question take a variety of ways, which in hi s seminary many yea rs ago . Over the case indicates the close and mature years, it became more clear to me. The Al I these th oughts raise an even relationship between two judicatories ordained clergy's role, in pa rt, is to more fundamental question for the separated by a huge ocean . This equip the laity to do the ministry of the United Method ist Chu rch in America: transcontinental sharing of a pastor Church . This is equally true in the Have we as United Meth odi ts ma­ seems even more significant when we mission field . t u re d suffi c ie ntl y to a ll ow the consider the fact that the Methodist As the Africa n Christi an matures in Chu rches started as missions to devel­ Church of Kenya is an outgrowth of the the faith, the role of the missionary op w ithout our conce pts, assumption must continue to change so that and methodologies being superim­ eventually the Africa n Christi an be­ posed upon th em? comes the Church . Too often I hearthe There are no easy answers to th i cry that we are not "sending" enough question . In fac t, there are those on the missionaries. Certainly, th ere is a opposite extreme who have sugge ted A "Mission Anibassador" kernel of truth in that acc usation . that the time has come for the Church frorn lVestern However, the positive side is th at we to qu it the mi ssi on enterprise altogeth­ Penns;ylvania, who must be thankful that the mi ss ionari es er. Albert Burlbaugh , a missionary in of the past years have been successful W embo Nyama, Za ire, responds to has given uiore than enough that the Church is increasi ngly that challenge w ith two pointed que - 60 presentations since in African hands. The decreased need tions: First, why are many nations still a trip to Africa, shares for the long- term Ameri ca n mission­ requesting mi ss ionaries to be sent to ary is a sign that our miss ionaries are them? Secondl y, why is God still his ideas on niission. working themselves out of their jobs. ca lling miss ionaries to go to these I believe that once the Christi an pl aces? fellowship is established and begins to O urs is a great church with a great develop, the people of th at given area mission ahead of it. Let us hear the must assume increas ingly more re ­ criticisms where th ey are justified, and British Methodist Church, to which we sponsibility for th at fe llowship. Be­ let us strenghten our efforts w hen these United Methodists trace a common cause of this outlook I have an inner criticisms are constructive. But, more heritage. suspicion that a major rationale for the importantly, let us lea rn to appreciate All over Central Africa, I encoun­ cry to " send " more miss ionaries so me­ our su ccesses and to be thankful for tered many dedicated and capable times springs from a desi re to mainta in them. leaders among the native clergy and control over overseas churches . For­ I bel ieve very strongly th at we ought laity. My long list includes such people tunately or unfortunately, the Church to learn to see beyond our own as Rev. Luka Zanya who now serves in in America can no longer afford th at involvements and di sce rn th e involve­ the National Assembly of Nigeria; luxury of control. Th at day has long ment of the Holy Sp irit leading us into Rev . Jolly E. Trevous of the Kakulu gone. ever richer and newer area of ministry Bible Institute in Zing, Nigeria; Rev. As missionaries succeed and as and mi ss ion . The work of th e Church Mazadu Bakila, principal of the Ban­ Churches become autonomous, we fi lls volumes. We mu st tak the tim to yam Bible College, Nigeria; Nelson must make a parall el success out of discover the good we are doing and to Kibathi and John Kamau of the Na­ moving from paternali sm to a true be prepared to be more fully involv d. tional Christian Council of Kenya; partnership. Becau se of world eco­ I am con vinced th at as we discover Rev . Mypoyo Bwishita, Superinten­ nomic real iti es, the Am erican Chu rch the fu ll scope of our mis ion efforts, w dentof the Lubumbashi District, Zaire; will be needed to financially ass ist will be so overw helmingly impr sed and Bishop Kainda Katembo of the mission churches well into th e forsee­ with what we have ac hi v d so far that Southern Zaire Conference. able future. Yet, we mu st lea rn to be we will cease to so narrowly define our While there still remains much to be faithful financiers and leave th e deci ­ work as we have been unfortunately done in the area of leadership develop­ sion- making to those closest to the doing all along. We will be abl to ment throughout the church in Central given situation. Thi s in volves ri sks of expand our vi sion and thereby remain Africa, it must not be forgotten that money being spent unwise ly, mis­ ever open to th refres hing, ren wing much has been accomplished in the used , and , yes , even abu sed. It mea ns presen ce of th e Holy Spirit. • past decadei. We can be justifiably the ri sk of peopl e maki ng decisions we proud of our involvement in helping sometimes disagree with. It mean s Rev. Da ni I A. Stinson i pa tor of Th develop church leadership in that vast their priorities may not parallel ou r United M thodist hur h, W t Middl - region. own. x, PA.

New World Outlook • February 1985 [8 1] 17 Foye Wilson-Beoch

The choir sang: " Blessed assur- Conference members, who are mi s­ church, the choir, under the direction 1~nee , blessed assurance, blessed sionaries in Liberia, Africa. Then , of Mrs. Huldah Parker, who is also the assurance, He is mine. Oh, what a responding to the concerns of the director of the prize-winning Andrew foretaste of glory divine, blessed assur­ conference for Haitian persons in New Jackson High School Gospel Choir, ance, He is mine. " York City and the injustices being gave a benefit concert which the And the congregation sang : " Get inflicted upon them, the church sent congregations were able to use as a together, get together, get together in their pastor with a delegation from the fund-raiser. Dr. Beach said, " I be­ the Lord . Let us all get together in the New York Conference to Haiti in lieved the choir could add a new Lord . Let us greet one another, like March of last year. The church has also dimension in musical concerts by sister and brother, let us al I get together provided financial support for Haitian sharing a variety of contemporary in the Lord. ministries within the conference. gospel/spiritual music to enable peo­ The choir sang: " O magnify the Lord Jamaica was chosen primarily be­ ple there to better sense our form of with me, let us exalt His name cause Grace, a multi-cultural church, worship. " And it was in this context together. As we enter into the house of has received into membership many that the music ministry took place. the Lord , we sing praises, praises to persons from Jamaica and the Method­ Grace also presented St. John's our God." ist churches there . Contact was made Church with a check for $1000 (U.S.) And the congregation responded : " I by the Reverend Fitz John , a former to ass ist in completing the floor of the am under the rock, the rock that's superintendent in the Montego Bay multi-purpose building. The church higher than I. Jehovah hide me, I am district, and the church was hosted by also covenanted to sell a record album under the rock. Go tel I my enemy that I the present district superintendent and made by St. John 's choir, " Great am under the rock. Jehovah , hide me, I pastor of St. John 's Methodist Church Hymns of Charles Wesley," with all am under the rock. " in Montego Bay, the Rev . Derrick proceeds returning to the Jamaican This musical exchange took place Stanworth. church. this past summer in Jamaica, West Grace Church made history at the St. Part of an Evangelistic Crusade Indies, between the members of Grace John's Church, which is the site of an United Methodist Church, St. Albans, Advance Special project for the con­ The service at the Falmouth church New York and the congregations of struction of a multi-purpose building. was conducted as part of an evange- Falmouth, Hopewell and St. John's Mr. Stanworth led the group into the 1istic crusade. Grace members joined Methodist Churches (Methodist building shell, which_ will seat 800 pastors Cheryl Jane Walter and David Churches of the Caribbean). A group persons when completed, and told Range in mission to the congregation . of 56 persons, including the 20-mem­ them that they were the first Black ber gospel choir of Grace, the Voices United Methodist church to come and in Spirit, and the pastor, the Re v. Dr. assist in the building project. Many Glyger G. Beach , traveled to Jamaica, work teams have helped to erect the conducting four worship services in structure which will hou se a medical three different churches. clinic and employment center as well as provide meeting space for the A First-time Venture neighborhood. In fact, a work team For the St. Albans Church, this was a had just completed the roof a few first-time ve nture, a personal experi­ weeks prior to Grace Church's arrival . ence in mission outreach and partner­ (The building also has a stage and ship outside of their community and rooms which will be used to hold country. Yet the trip represented just classes such as sewing. These rooms another step in Grace's quest for will double for Sunday sc hool class­ appropriate mission witness, not just rooms, too .) locally but internationally. A hard working missions committee began to Benefit Concerts expand its horizons two years ago when they recommended to the ad- Grace Church's contribution was to ministrative board that the church share spirituall y and financially in the provide support fo r Winston and ministries of the churches there. At St. Margaret Clark, New York Annual John 's, as well as at the Hopewell

18 [82] New World Outlook• February 1985 (David Range and Cheryl Walter are belfry was replaced and modernized missionaries of the General Board of by a U.S. work team and a team of Global Ministries.) Under the theme volunteer workers constructed the "To Live is Christ," pastors Walter and church hall . The service at Hopewell Range had been conducting week­ was dampened by the fact that only the long services. In the lively spirit, choir was able to participate. The van reminiscent of Methodist camp meet­ carrying the other members of the ings, people " raised " songs and every­ group never did arrive and there was one listened intently, catching on to no word to its whereabouts. Yet the words, and joining in as they despite the fact many choir members learned the melody and lyrics. The had family on the other van , everyone entire congregation came to their feet sang heartily a modern arrangement of as Eleanor Castillo and the choir sang, the hymn, " It is Well", believing in full " try, prayer, try prayer and faith [for] confidence that the others had met prayer and faith wi 11 always work with no harm. (The van had a flat tire together. " The church rocked with the and the spare was no good either, guitar sounds of Vincent Gantt, the forcing a return to the hotel .) tambourine beating by Louise Keys Dr. Beach preached at the morning and the organ accompaniment of worship at St. John's, setting the stage Dionne Freeney. In a rendition of for the evening concert. The choir sang "Everytime I Feel the Spirit, " Mrs. familiar words to new tu nes : " Come Parker guided the entire choir in by Here," " Come Ye Disconsolate," making complete circles with their " Pass Me Not, 0 Gentle Savior. " The bodies to demonstrate what can hap­ choir sang the music of popular pen to a person when the spirit contemporary composers : Walter "moves" him or her. Hawkins, Andrae Crouch, Sandra Hopewell is one of the landmark Crouch, Benny Cummings, Timothy churches of Methodism in Jamaica, Wright. The choir sang Scripture: " The and it, too, has been the site for Lord is My Light and My Sal vation ." volunteer work by several teams. Its They sang a capella. They sang to the beat of a hand drum and to the shake of maracas . And when everyone had heard the word in song and it was time to end the concert, also signaling the close of a mission outreach in Jamaica, the choir sang, " If we never pass this way again, just remember this life, how good it has been. And unless we forget God, who made it possible, just remember God's so wonderfu I. " The congregation responded , " God be with you 'til we meet again. " • (Top) The Grace gospel choir, Voices in Spirit, sings Faye Wilson-Beach, a member of Grace at St. John's Church; (center) UM Church, is Coordinator of Consultative Terri Stinson leads a new Services, MECPD, General Board of Global arrangement of " Blessed Ministries. Assurance"; (bottom) Eleanor Castillo and Curtis Nelson sing a duet. (Left) The senior choir from Hopewell Church sings for the visitors. -.. ··/' ... .. ·, '

LITERACY Still a Major Emphasis Tracy Early

Literacy, a program goal of the gion in the narrow sense and has more abundant life. miss ionary movement from its begin­ encouraged people to develop their The literacy program of the Divi­ ning, is perhaps not talked about as full human potential. Lack of the sion , much of it dating to the 1960s or much today as in some periods . But.it ability to read and write severely limits earlier, today centers on support of rema ins a major emphasis of the an yone trying to learn new job ski I ls or national workers. This includes paying General Board of Global Ministries. expand horizons in the fields of health, the salaries of five national persons in Doris Hess, Worl d Program Di vi­ cultural life or participatory citizen­ mission working fulltime in literacy: sion executive for communication, ship. one each in India, Mozambique, sa ys that from a ch urch perspecti ve Literacy is a form of liberation, for Nigeria, Zaire and Zimbabwe. In literacy is important on two counts­ the person who learns to read acquires addition, programs aided by the Divi­ deepen ing the re li gious life and pro­ an ability to do independent study and sion train national staff and enlist moting general human development. come to personal conclusions. People hundreds of volunteer teachers . In Of basic si gn ificance, of course, is who become I iterate can begin to get Ind ia alone, more than 100 literacy enabling people to read th e Bible. useful information and challenging workers have been trained since 19 70. Be li evers who fi nd in the Scri ptures the ideas from sources near and far, An unknown number of U.S. mis­ words of eterna l life logically place whether or not they ever have direct sionaries do some literacy work in hi gh priority on enab ling all people to contact. They can get a better idea of connection with other primary assign­ read them and get the message for what their government is up to. ments. In Liberia, Nancy Lightfoot themselves. An ability to use worship se rves as the one World Division materials such as hymn als and read An Integrated Approach missionary with the fulltime assign­ literature used in religious education ment of promoting literacy. Working also plays a crucial role in any program Work supported by the World Divi- among Liberians who speak the Kru of spiritual nurture. sion fo llows an "i ntegrated ap- language, she has mastered the lan­ Then, literacy carries importance proach ," Dr. Hess say s. Literacy is guage herself and devised a way to put for human development in general related to both re li giou s and general it in writing. Now she holds workshops terms . The missionary movement has development-not as separate inter- for new readers and teachers of always gone beyond promoti ng rel i- ests bu t as related aspects of achieving reading, gives instruction to people

20 [84] New World Outlook • February 1985 beginning to write in Kru , translates material into Kru and gives overall direction to the literacy program . The World Division al locates about $100,000 per year for I iteracy work. This includes about $35 ,000 for mis­ Literacy'' sionary and persons in mission sup­ port, with the rest for program . is a Churches in some countries also use funds from the World Division bloc form grants for I iteracy projects. of Literacy Among Women liberation

Grants to further literacy among women are made by the Women's Division-$12,000 in 1984. In coun­ '' tries where educational systems are weak, schools tend to orient their programs primarily to boys, and offer girls fewer opportunities. So it is important to add programs specifically designed to reach the women who have been left out. UMCOR (United Methodist Com­ mittee on Relief) likewise has support­ ed many literacy programs as a part of its relief and development effort. And supplementing the grants by these units, support comes from several Learning to read in annual conferences, which contribute Pakistan (opposite page), to Advance Specials for overseas Nigeria (left) and I iteracy projects. Brazil (below)." United Methodist ass istan ce goes to Shona population and in Matabele­ numerous countries of Africa. In Nige­ land . The World Division supports an ria, the Ekan Church administers one international person in mission, a In Nigeria,'' th at serves 84 villages in a Hausa­ Canadian, for work with ALOZ and speaking region . The program direc­ helps pay for program materials. the Ekan Church tor, Adamu Bi ya m, travels around in The newest program backed by the the area helping local teachers im­ World Division operates in Equatorial administers a prove their ability to teach read ing Guinea. This country's former dicta­ program ski lls. tor, Francisco Macias Nguema, over­ Another outstanding agency sup­ thrown in 1979, had a hostility to that serves ported by United Methodists is the educated people somewhat I ike that of 84 villages. Adult Literacy Organization of Zim­ Pol Pot in Cambodia and closed the babwe (ALOZ), which was formed in schools as well as the churches and 1970 by a merger of two groups hospitals. But in January of 1984, the '' previously working separatel y with the World Division joined with the world

A nutrition class at Bambu r General Hospital, Nigeria.

22 [86] New World Outlook • February 1985 ecumenical community to help the coordinator of the Alfalit planning Reformed Church of Equatorial Guin­ team. Interviewed during a visit to ea (formed in 1975 with Methodist New York, he said the agency reor­ participation) launch a new literacy ganized in 1982 and expanded its and development program. work to encompass seven " programs of action ." Along with literacy as such, Self -Help in Bombay these are adult basic education, litera­ ture production, training of church There are also programs in Asia . members for community develop­ One of the most outstanding is in ment, advancement of women, eco­ Bombay, India. In many places, litera­ nomic development and disaster re­ cy is related largely to rural develop­ lief. ment. But in Bombay, the church is Alfalit has found , Mr. Zarate said , conducting a self-development, self­ that concentrating on I iteracy alone is help program for rural people flocking not effective in maintaining literacy. to the city for industrial jobs. As the People who have been taught to read, people gain literacy, they qualify for he said, will lose their new skill with better jobs and also improve their I ives the passage of ti me if they do not use it. in other ways . And use will not occur automatically. Much of the literacy work aided by People who have become literate the World Division is done ecumeni­ need to get involved in some activity Of ''basic cally. The program in Liberia, where that will motivate them to continue Nancy Lightfoot works, is carried out reading and writing. They need to significance in partnership with the United Bible have reading matter that commands Societies, an international federation their attention because it deals with is enabling people that includes the American Bible activities in which they are engaged to read the Society. and which will bring improvement to In Pakistan, Christian missionaries their lives. Bible. joined not only national Christians but If villagers start organ izing them­ also Muslims to form the Adult Basic selves to improve their water supply or Education Society. Helen Fehr, a increase food production, they will '' former Women's Division missionary, want to read materials about how to do helped develop the Urdu primer used that. So they will maintain and up­ in the society's adult literacy work. grade their reading skills, reading with Classes for both men and women are a serious purpose. held in villages throughout the entire Or they may start a community country. newspaper. If they have a responsibili­ ty for reporting in even a very elemen­ lntermedia a Major Channel tary way on what they are doing to upgrade the community, they will be A major channel of World Division compelled to work at improving their support for literacy is lntermedia, a linguistic proficiency. National Council of Churches agency Alfalit has found its work is danger­ directed by United Methodist minister ous, Mr. Zarate said . Talking about David Briddell . lntermedia, for exam­ development naturally leads to talking ple, is one of the agencies involved about the causes of underdevelop­ with adult education in Burma. This ment. And that brings accusations that effort is related to a rural development the talkers are subversives and com­ program of the Burma Council of munists. Some Alfalit workers have Churches, focused particularly on been killed in Central America, he areas bordering China and Thailand. said . In Latin America, lntermedia sup­ But the program goes forward, ports Alfa lit, an agency based in Costa nonetheless. " We believe God gives Rica and serving 11 countries of to people of the community the ability Central and South America and the to understand that they are persons Caribbean. Through the years, the and can use their intelligence to World Division has channeled sub­ dignify their life," Mr. Zarate said . • stantial sums to Alfalit. German Zarate, a layman from the Presbyterian Church of Colombia, is Tracy Early is a frequent contributor. New World Outlook • February 1985 [87] 23

God summons the church to mission. As servants of Here Are the Rules address of the contestant's home church (If any); the AWARDS Christ, we are sent into the world to engage in mission location where (and when) the photograph was taken; and information that explains how your photograph relates to the The contest Is open to amateur photographers of all by word and deed. Mission is a ministry of outreaching 1 contest theme, "Celebrating Mission In Today's World." ages. Employees of the General Board of Global Ministries GRAND AWARD: $500.00 Each color slide and each black & white print must be clearly love. It is alive in many forms. Christian mission involves and their Immediate family members are ineligible. Identified. people, events, projects-sharing the message and Pastors, members of local United Methodist churches, COLOR: love of Christ wherever and whenever possible. United States and overseas United Methodist missionaries, 6 The contest opens February 1, 1985, and continues First Place 300.00 Your church is in mission every day. When was the Persons in Mission, Interns, Volunteers in Mission, directors through May 31, 1985. Entries must be postmarked no later Second Place 175.00 of the General Board of Globe! Ministries, the staffs and last time you saw that happen? than midnight of the day prior to the final date, or delivered in Third Place 100.00 directors of other General Boards, commissions, agencies, person to NEW WORLD OUTLOOK by noon of May 31, Was it a project in your neighborhood? At your caucuses and others related to The United Methodist 1985. BLACK & WHITE: church? In a work camp? Was it a close moment church are encouraged to enter, but the contest is not 300.00 limited to members of The United Methodist Church. 7 By entering this contest, the entrant agrees that NEW First Place between two persons? Or was it a single human face WORLD OUTLOOK may use any pictures submitted for its Second Place 175.00 which spoke of God's action in our lives? 2 There are two (2) categories: black and white and own or General Board of Global Ministries use. Full photo Third Place 100.00 New World Outlook, which for 75 years has been color. Any eligible person may submit up to five entries In credit will be given. each category. Black & white entries must be prints no bringing you the words and images of your church in Contest void wherever prohibited or restricted by law. HONOR AWARDS (8) : smaller than 5 x 5 inches and no larger than 11 x 14. They 8 mission, now invites you to share those scenes of must be mounted or affixed to a cardboard (Illustration 9 All taxes, If any, are the sole responsibility of the prize Eight Honor Award winners will each mission with a worldwide readership. board) or foamcore mount no smaller than 8 x 1O and no winners. receive a four-volume set of The larger than 11x14. Entries from overseas do not have to be Send us your pictures which illustrate the theme, Judging will be by a panel experienced in the arts and History of Missions. Value : $25.00 mounted but be sure they are well packaged for protective 10. "Celebrating Mission In Today's World ." The top techniques of photography. Winning entries will be an­ each . purposes. We cannot be responsible for entries that are nounced in the December 1985 issue of NEW WORLD winners will receive cash awards (including a grand damaged on arrival. OUTLOOK. PLUS: 10 Certificates of merit prize of $500). But more than the money and recognition Color entries must be color transparencies (slides). Color PLEASE NOTE: for the best photographs, you'll be helping tell the prints or negatives are not eligible. 11. A self-addressed and stamped envelope for return should accompany each entry. • One Grand Award only for either age-old-and always contemporary-story of God at 3 No art work or retouching is permitted; no composite color or black & white. work. The best photos will be published by New World pictures, multiple exposures, or multiple printing is eligible. 12. Winners will be notified by mall. Winning entries will be returned following the announcement and possible publi­ • All winners will receive a one-year Entrant must be able to furnish original negative, if Outlook. 4 cation in the December issue. Entries not selected will be requested. subscription or extension of sub­ returned after judging. Care will be used in handling, but scription to NEW WORLD OUT­ 5 All entries should be accompanied by the contestant's NEW WORLD OUTLOOK cannot be responsible for LOOK. name, address and telephone number; the name and transparencies or prints lost or damaged. Ralph E. Dodge

orty-eight years ago I arrived in Today's Church Thoroughly African FAfrica as a missionary of The (then) Methodist Episcopal Church. Today the United Methodist Church Since 1936 my entire ministry has is thoroughly African in administration '' related to the church in Africa. After and spirit. In 1936 there were two Today the serving as a missionary for fifteen foreign bishops (one Methodist Epis­ United methodist years, I was asked to become a Board copa I; one Methodist Episcopal of Missions secretary covering the Church, South) for all of Africa south of Church is thoroughly Africa desk. Six years later I was the Sahara: today there are nine elected a bishop by the church in United Methodist bishops, all of them African in Africa and upon retirement, I contin­ Africans. At the first Central Confer­ ued there as the chaplain of the ence which I attended in 1948 there administration Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation in were a few African delegates, mainly Zambia. Since then I have been as observers. At the 1984 Central and spirit. reactivated to the effective relation­ Conference, out of 80 delegates, there ship and given special assignments of were four missionaries who served '' varying lengths in Africa. I have just mainly as technicians and observers. returned from spending seven weeks The church is thoroughly African in visiting the United Methodist administration and spirit even though Churches and attending the Africa the conference structure is still basi­ Central Conference to which I am still cally American. related. The contrast between the Although women have almost al­ church I first went to serve and that of ways outnumbered men in church The First United today is great. God is doing marvelous attendance, in the early years they Methodist Church in things in and for Africa. followed the Pauline advice and kept central Luanda, Angola. In 1936 the church was missionary quiet. At the 1948 Central Conference controlled. As a young missionary there were two African women: in pastor I was appointed a district 1984 they made up approximately a superintendent to an area the size of quarter of the delegates. The secretary Ohio as soon as I arrived. In addition I of the conference was a very active was made chairperson of a station in a woman, a state senator from Zaire. large and growing capital city. My Although still limited in numbers, most work as superintendent included ad­ annual conferences now have or­ ministration of rural churches and, to dained women serving as pastors. The be certain that everything went well, I church is changing the traditional was appointed senior pastor of the culture in giving women a more active largest church in the conference. Of place in its life and ministry. course, working with me, but under my supervision, were Africans of various years of experience. But be­ Church-Government Relations Open cause I was a missionary, even though In the areas where the United young and inexperienced, I was given Methodist Church operates, with one a position of power in the conference exception, that of Zimbabwe, the of which I was soon made secretary. relationship between the leaders of the Those were the days of missionary church and government is open and control . cordial. This is partly due to the fact

26 [90) New World Outlook • February 1985

-----~--~--.---- ... ·-~ --- ,_ - -·~ - - - . . that most high government officials are church oriented. Several are sons or daughter of pastors and most of them received their initial education in mission schools. What the church has contributed to the development and well being of the various nations is being increasingly recognized by gov­ ernments. I was especially impressed with this change in attitude toward the church. When I went to Angola as a missionary I was tolerated by the Portuguese authorities and that only because of international treaties. We were never made to feel welcome. When I was elected to the episcopacy the Portu­ guese government did not allow us to locate the area headquarters in Mo­ zambique, as requested by the Central Conference. later I was denied the privilege of even visiting the Unit.ed Methodist churches there. Under in­ dependent African governments atti­ tudes have changed or at least are changing. When I visited in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, a few months ago I was given the VIP treatment. The government Di rector of Choir of the Mary. Magdalene UMC, Luanda. The a~th~r is kneeling at ~ight; Bishop Emilio de Carvalho is standing left (in dark suit) behind Mrs. Dodge Religious Affairs greeted me at the (kneeling). plane and gave me a chauffeur and hospitality equal to that offered to ship, the church has increased on an Generous Support by Members heads of state. Government officials average of 20,000 members a year. Although the national economy of worshipped with us on Sunday and I The rate of growth has not been equal most of the new nations in Africa is sti 11 was privileged to have an interview in all four countries: Zaire, where very low by our western standards, the with the acting Foreign Minister. Even there are now 281,883 reported Unit­ church is being generously supported in the socialistic countries the rela­ ed Methodists, has shown the fastest by its members. It prides itself in being tionship between the government and rate of growth. self-supporting in its evangelistic church leaders is, in general, positive Characteristic of what is happening ministry but finds it difficult to main­ and mutually beneficial. in the growing cities throughout Cen­ tain its hospitals and other social tral Africa is taking place in Luanda, services from local resources. It is Church Growth Figures Impressive the capital of Angola. As late as 1960 largely to maintain the outreach in there was only one Protestant church social programs that funds from over­ Other factors beside membership in the city: now there are eighteen seas are still needed. must be considered when one evalu­ United Methodist churches in the It is in the attitude and personality of ates the strength of any church. metropolitan area and probably an the worshippers that one notices the However, when one considers the equal number among other Protestant greatest change since independence. current emphasis on church growth denominations. Every year during the The people are now politically free the figures in Central Africa are im­ past decade there has been a new and the church is theirs to enjoy as well pressive. In 1948 the component units United Methodist church organized in as to support. Now the singing is more of the Africa Central Conference, that city alone. Throughout Angola vibrant, the worship more spontane­ Angola, Mozambique, Congo (now there were ten new United Methodist ous. The drums, which once were Zaire), and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) churches started during the 1983- considered instruments of the devil, had a total full membership of 44,942. 1984 conference year. now proclaim the glories of our risen The current membership is 433,533, It is due to this rapidly growing Lord. Yes, there is still much to be nearly ten times greater. During the church membership that the Africa done but the Holy Spirit is at work in first two decades of that period the Central Conference of 1984 author­ church grew at a rate of 4,000 ized the formation of three new annual Africa. • members a year. During the past conferences: two in Zaire and one in Bishop Ralph E. Dodge, now retired, sixteen years, under African leader- Angola. makes his home in Florida. New World Outlook • February 1985 [911 27 Japan International Christian University­ ABridge of Understanding

Betty Gray and Jeanne Shelton

The decisi ons of Seiko Takahashi graduates, " won quick recognition as A Symbol of Reconciliation I ~re important to many people in being a superior educational product" the Asia-Pacific region . She is Chief of and helped to gain for ICU the Thirty-five years ago, a group of the Program Coordination and Moni­ outstanding reputation it enjoys today Christians and educators on both sides toring Office of the United Nation's as " a leader in Japanese higher edu­ of the Pacific came together to found Economic and Social Commission for cation, not in size but in quality." the graduate-level university, long Asia and the Pacific, with headquar­ As ICU has become synonymous sought by Japanese Christians, which ters in Bangkok. A graduate of Inter­ with its international and Christian would combine academic excellence, national Christian University in Japan , commitments, so are these emphases an international perspective, and a she credits ICU with helping her increasingly valued by its graduates . commitment to Christian values. Their develop international and cultural Dr. Hisako Matsubara, the author of efforts were the culmination of three understanding. Samurai and other novels, who now and a half years of preparatory work, For Ms. Takahashi fluency in the lives in West Germany says: " I owe to begun less than two months after Engl ish language is important, but of ICU the belief that I can be a citizen Hiroshima and Nagasaki , as Japanese greater va lue is ICU 's multidisciplin­ anywhere in the world. It was at ICU and Americans sought some symbol of ary tra ining and the .capacity acquired that I developed a strong feeling of reconci I iation. to try to understand different views. " It responsibility to an y society in which I In the United States a suggestion by is far easier to develop understanding was to live." the late John A. Maclean, Pastor of during one's college years than later In the words ofToshiaki Ku sunoki , a Ginter Park Presbyterian Church, that on when attitudes become set," she staff member of the Asian Rural the Christian people of America unite said recently. Institute, dedicated to helping rural in an act of reconciliation and friend­ In the thirty-five years since its dwellers make a substantial life in their ship for the people of Japan received founding, International Christian Uni­ home areas: " ICU represents to me a extensive coverage in both the reli­ versity has granted its unique bilingual community of praying people who gious and secular press. It struck a degree to more than 7000 men and nurture themsleves and others in the responsive chord especially in The women. In the words of former Am­ constant quest for meaning and direc­ Methodist Church. It was in fact a bassador Edwin Reischauer, these tion in life." Methodist mission leader, Dr. Ralph

These students will join the more than 7000 who have received ICU 's unique degrees. Diffenderfer, who took the idea of an international Christian university in Japan and directed the complex and demanding task of bringing together the resources to found it. Dr. Diffen­ derfer, long-time General Secretary of the Division of World Missions of the Methodist Board of Missions, was chairperson of the founding meeting of the University's Board of Trustees in Japan and devoted himself for the remainder of his life to promoting ICU in North America. The community center on the ICU campus (containing an auditorium, the Religious Center, student clubrooms, and other facili­ ties) is named in his memory.

United Methodist Involvement

Thus the United Methodist Church has been involved in International Christian University since well before its founding in 1949, working enthusi­ astically for its development through the years. Funds from the United Methodist mission boards and United Methodist churches have provided substantial support for faculty salaries, Students on campus. student scholarships, a!1d major uni­ versity construction (including the ICU for her combination of re search and forth the requ irement that al I members Church, Library, Science Hall, Physi­ teaching, and her belief that good of the Board of Trustees (the control­ cal Education Center, Student Union education involves community ser­ ling body) sh all be " professed Ch ris­ Center, dormitories, and faculty resi­ vice. tians of the evangel ical fai th ," th at the dences). Dr. Charles Germany, currently President of the Universi ty "shal l be a Dr. Richard Linde, an outstanding Assistant General Secretary for Pro­ person of outstand ing Christian ch ar­ linguistic scholar, came to the ICU gram Administration of the World acter," and th at " al I members of the faculty as a missionary--€ducator in Program Division and a Vice Pres ident [full-time, tenured] facu lty ... sha ll be 1959, after an earlier assignment in the of the Foundation, was a young Christians of the evangel ica l faith ." Osaka area . Two years later he be­ missionary to Japan in 1949 and a Thus the founders put on record came Director of the important Fresh­ member of the University's found ing their belief that Christian commitment man Engl ish Program, the 24-credit board. Other United Methodists who is no barrier to sound sc holarship and sequence which provides the founda­ figured prominently in the founding their fa ith that enough able Christian tion of that famous ease in English and development of ICU included scholars could be found to meet the which identifies ICU graduates Margaret Bill i ngsley, T.T. Brum­ faculty needs. So it has proved , and as throughout the world. baugh , Henrietta Gibson Ledden , and a result the un iversity's Japanese and More recently Dr. Randolph Thrash­ Ralph W. Sackman . non-Japanese professors form a work­ er joined the ICU faculty, also with the ing Ch ristian fel lows hip ra rely found in support of the Board of Global Minis­ A Central Christian Commitment an educational institution of higher tries, and serves as Associate Professor learn ing. of English . Dr. Thrasher has done The salient feature which attracted On thi s un ique requ irement, one extensive research and writing in the these and other Methodists to the facu lty mem ber ha s commented: area of language testing, particularly University is, of course, its Christian " Occasiona lly someone threatens 'to on the problems of the integration of commitment. take ICU to court' to cha llen ge the testing and teaching. In the University's Constitution, criterion th at every ful l-time tenured United Methodist Dr. Sheila Ram ­ adopted by the Board of Tru stees at professo r mu st be a Christian . We sey, on the ICU faculty from 1977 to Gotemba, Japan , in June of 1949, that argue this frequently in the lower 1981 , brought her skills in psychologi­ commitment is explicit. After identify­ courts of the coffee shop and the cal anthropology and communica­ ing the program as " founded on the dining hal l as we worry about the tion. She found ICU a stimulating base Christian faith ," the Constitution sets implication s. But w hatever else the

New World Outlook • February 1985 [93] 29 Students in the language laboratory.

Christian code does, it di stingu ishes Ch ristianity (baptized) 34 (11.2%) philosophy of religion, history of ICU from almost every other good Christian ity (unbap- Christianity, Christian ethics, teach ing Ja panese university fou nded by Chris­ ti zed) - 19 ( 6.3%) of religion and theology. tians in th at it has not abandoned its Buddh ism - 26 ( 8.6% ) req uirement that everyone maki ng Shintoism 2 ( 0.6% ) Objectivity in Scholarship major decisi ons should be a Chri s­ Other 9 ( 3.0%) ti an." None -213 (70 .3%) As is the case in any un iversity worthy of the name, scholarship at A Christian University in a ICU is objective, and the scientific and Non-Christian Country The survey then asked about the descriptive tools are the same as those students' interest in Christian ity, and used by other scholars. While the In assessing ICU's role in Christi an " more than 80 per cent (256) re- University operates on the assumption higher educati on in East Asia, one sponded positively. In this context the that " ultimately there is no knowledge must realize that fewer than one per un iversity's commitment to a Christian incompatible with the Christian fa ith ," cent of the Japanese people are ph ilosophy takes on special meaning. the thrust of its Christian emphasis is Christian . As Profess or Kenneth As enunciated in the catalog, ICU outs ide the classroom. ICU has always Boulding, the distinguished economist " recogn ize[s] that religion is an laid much stress on student- faculty who has tau ght at ICU, noted : " ICU is everyday experience normal to all contacts of an informal nature, and the a Christian university but Ja pan is very human beings whether they are aware students get to know their teachers as much a non-Christian country ... The of itornot. The truth ofreligion finds its persons. Sometimes these contacts role of the Christian church in Japan is place along with other truth, only at a come in invitations to faculty homes. different than what it is in th e Christian deeper level. To the extent that the Sometimes they come about in Bible societies. " Buddhism and Shintoism univers ity helps students find answers classes, prompted by interest and not are considered the predomi nant reli- to thei r ultimate questions, it is by academ ic cred it, which a group of gions of Japan , with better th an 80 per operating at the depths of religion. As a students may ask a faculty member, or cent of the population claiming at least Christian university especially, we perhaps a faculty spouse, to conduct. nominal affi I iation to one or the other. hold th is task to be a sacred trust. " A recent visitor to the ICU campus Yet a recent survey of ICU's fresh man While obviously there is no religious asked Dr. Yasuo Furuya, Pastor of the class reveals what is perhaps a truer requirement for student adm iss ion , all ICU Church, if he could briefly de­ picture of religion in present-day students must satisfactorily complete a scribe the religious program. Dr. Japan . Approximately three hundred three-credit course on " Introduction Furu ya replied : " No-even an hou r young men and women res ponded to a to Christianity. " Other course offer- wouldn't be enough ." How could he question as to their religious identifi- ings in the Religion Department in- briefly desc ribe a program wh ich cation, and here's what they sai d: elude Old and New Testament stud ies, includes seven or eight student-or-

30 [94] New World Outlook • February 1985

------ganized Bible study groups, a weekly deal with life situations. Realization of scale as men . Thi s milestone, a student-led Vesper Service, a Coffee the existence of Almighty God and His long-held goal of Mr. Chino's, came House Program , and a Y.M .C.A. omnipotence gave me a sense of about because of hi s quiet but insi stent group, as well as students singing in confidence in myself. I learned that if I work for equal opportunity. the Choir, teaching in the Sunday tried my best in each step of life, God International Christian University­ school , and doing a variety of volun­ would guide me to realize my maxi­ a joint venture between Japanese and teer work? Indeed, it would take some mum potential. " Americans, inspired by a Presbyterian time even to describe the program for For some students the ICU experi­ minister and developed with the sup­ this year's " Christianity Week", an ence has led to a decision to enter the port of Christians of man y denomina­ annual event set aside to allow for full-time Christian ministry. In fact, tions-has accomplished far more in individual and group focus on the four graduates, including a woman, the past thirty-five years than was meaning of religion. started their own congregations. Some dreamed of by even the most optimis­ Then there are those programs are not ordained but work with service tic of its founders . Yet with Japan 's which, although not formally a part of agencies connected with Christian increasing responsibilities as a world ICU 's Religious Center, certainly re­ organizations (such as the Asian Rural economic po wer, opportunities ceive their inspiration from the Gos­ Institute). For most, however, the abound for even greater service in the pel. A few years ago a group of ICU chosen career is in secular fields, years ahead. As an institution com­ students learned of a young Japanese including teaching, business medi­ mitted to Christian values and as a woman who though blind wished to cine, government, research , foreign bridge into and out of japan, ICU is apply for entrance to the un iversity. service, and communications. uniquely situated for leadership in a However, this young woman, Miss Yet it is precisely in these fields that complex and competitive global situa­ Kozue Kusayama, could not even take opportunities abound for ICU gradu­ tion. • the entrance examination without the ates to extend the influence of their necessary supporting services. Imme­ education . Mr. Tetsuo Chino, for Betty Gray, a former associate editor of diately the students organized them­ example, is President of Honda Motors Response, has been director of the Japan selves into a committee and set about of America . Recently the parent com­ International Christian University Founda­ to learn to transcribe printed matter pany in japan announced that women tion si nee 1983 . Jeanne Shelton was into Braille. When Miss Kusayama college graduates entering its employ formerly director of Communications for became one of the 322 students were to be placed on the same salary JICU . admitted (out of more than 3,000 who applied) that year, the th irty or so volunteers in the " Braille Transcrip­ tion Circle" doubled their efforts to give her the support she required to pursue her studies. Classroom notes and assignments-in Japanese and in English , since both are languages of instruction and fluency in each is a requirement for graduation-were transcribed into Braille. In addition, textbooks were obtained from a Braille library, and funds were raised among other students; even a Braille map of the ICU campus was prepared so she could find her way. Although Miss Kusayama has graduated, the Brai I le Transcription Circle continues its valu­ able work helping other handicapped students to reach their full potential.

Values for Today

What then is the value of an ICU education? One graduate expressed it quite simply: " ICU taught me two things," he said . First every human being is bas ically equal .. .. Second , Christianity is something to live." Another graduate reflected: " My Randolph Thrasher with a student advisee. Dr. Thrasher, an associate experience [at ICU] taught me how to professor of English, is supported by the General Board of Global Ministries.

New World Outlook • February 1985 [95) 31 Three Women Changing the World

LloydE. Young

he prayerful work of Chri st ian individual effort may be found in Widow with T w omen , as agents of soc ial Brazil, where, as in other Latin Ameri­ change, constitutes one of our so- can countries, million s of ch ildren a hundred ciety's most effective resources as we have been abandoned, left to roam the 1 wrestl e w ith burgeon ing soc ial prob­ streets or warehoused in huge custo­ children lems such as fam ily disintegration, dial institutions. Among the Brazilian child abandonment, hunger and de­ women who are responding to this Diminutive, SS-year-old Noemia spair. desperate challenge, we meet three da Silva Quintina is a Brazilian em­ Loca l, state, national and interna­ very different women : a Methodist bodiment of the Christian concept of tional government agencies, spend ing director of a day nursery, a Cathol ic resurrection, life renewing itself in tens of milli ons of dollars, produce nun , and a modest urban hou sewife. Christ. Ten years ago, Noemia was disappointi ng re sults as compared Their modes of response to the chal­ married to a dynamic young ecumen­ with what a few dedicated women are lenge varies somewhat and their social ical social work executive, with three accomplishing in tl:1e face of incredible and spiritual commitment finds highly adolescent ch ildren. Her young hus­ odds. individual forms of expression . Each , band was cut down by cancer, leaving Th ree excel lent examples of such in her own way, is changing her world. her to support herself and raise her children within a society which does not make life easy for a working Noemia da Si lva Quintino. woman living alone. At the end of a long subway ride to an industrial region of Sao Paulo, I fou nd this busy woman immersed in a new career as director of a " Creche" (day nursery) sponsored by her local Methodist church, with responsibility for one hundred children each week day. Their mothers leave the children from early morning to early evening while they work as housemaids or in factories in the city. I discovered Noemia to be a no-nonsense kind of person who sometimes responded to my questions with very few words. When I asked for her motive in working in the creche, she responded with one word, " mission". When I pressed for her understanding of that term, she spoke of her sense of calling to the work and of " her dream" to be able to fully identify with the ch ildren in her care . Essentially Evangelistic Noemia feels the mission of the creche is essentially evangelistic, as it establishes vital contact with mothers at a time of deep crises in their lives. " The creche is an open door to Christ. .. letting us speak of our faith in Him," Noemia stated. Our visit turned to the problem of the millions of abandoned children in Noemia (left) with children in her day nursery in Sao Paulo.

Brazil. Noemia explained that before many Brazilian church women to God to guide me. Somehow I sense He babies are abandoned, mothers are assume real leadership roles in the is truly there." abandon~d. Left without money or church. When I asked her if she felt Noemi a spoke of the importance, in jobs, with several young babies to women's role in the church was her life, of the prayer of retirement or feed , by a " companion" who, having currently important, she replied , contemplation ... of the importance of fathered the children, becoming dis­ " Sadly, no . In general , Brazilian arising early to I isten and to reflect. couraged with unemployment and church women are not rising to their Moving to the active dimension, she poverty, simply walks away. Often the real potential, content to accept rou­ described her very life as an " experi­ same man will then start again with tine work in traditional roles like ment" ... the willingness to make mis­ another woman, and the process women's society meetings, church takes and learn by them-through dinners, bazaars and the like. When self-evaluation. we have a local church election, it is I asked Noemia if her prayer life the women who vote for men to take included a time when she asked God key jobs, saying, 'A man can do it for nothing in particular. She spoke, ''Before babies are better.' Our women are not aware of with deep feeling, of the six months their true worth. The problem is not so preceding the death of her husband. abandoned, mothers much with the men as with the mental Passing through one crisis after an­ attitudes of the women themselves." other, their awareness deepened of the are abandoned. ' ' Noemia feels that if Brazilian church richness of their relationship. As it women will rise to a new awareness of became clear death was approaching, their real value and will present their gratitude continued to deepen for themselves as " available" to God , to very good years, closely shared. Grati­ repeats itself. Noemia spoke of the do whatever he wishes, God will then tude was their prayer. need for legislation which would at work through them in a new way. " In As Noemi a walked me to the door of least require acknowledgment of pa­ us and through us ." the creche, she reflected , " I would like tern ity and some assumption of fi nan­ to grow old like a tree, because a tree What God Really Wants of Us cial respons ibility by the fathers, but dies while it is still standing. A was not hopeful. " I think there proba­ " But how does a person really know Christian should be like that. " bl y is no solution," Noemia admits. spec ifically what God wishes one to During the subway ride back to city center, that picture remained with me : Women in the Church do?" I asked. Noemia replied with four words : " Communion, prayer, experi­ a tree, symbolic of the woman her­ We turned to a discussion of the mentation, evaluation ." She describes self ... having passed through storms general role of women in Braz il. I communion as a life in which we are which have laid many another low, asked Noemia if she felt limited in an y really aware of God's presence during Noemia continues to stand , to extend way because of her gender. She our active life. " When I need to herself, reaching out her arms much as indicated she had never felt limited counsel with a mother about a really branches do ... offering shelter and herself because of her sex, but went on diffi cult problem, throughout the in­ safety for yet another hundred chil­ to deplore the genera l unwill ingness of terview with the mother, I keep asking dren .

New World Outlook • February 1985 [97] 33 2 The Secrets ofSister Dulce

Probably as many Braz ilians know life and work. (The only available spot about Sister Dulce of Salvador as in this incredibly crowded place people in Ind ia know about Mother where people must sleep on the floors Teresa , and fo r many of the same of hallways and wards, even in bath­ reasons . For almost fi fty years, an rooms , was a small bench at the end of indefatigable, tjny nun has tenderly a hal I). Sitting alongside and very close cared for abandoned ch ildren as wel l to th is tiny woman, I recei ved the full as i 11 and dyi ri g, desperately poor impact of her dark eyes as she people in Bah ia. Featured on national graciously responded to my questions. Braz ilian television , th is tiny (90 lbs.) The experience was unforgettable as 70-year--0ld wompn has captured the she occasionally touched my hand i~ag i na ti on and respect of Brazilians and gqzed into my eyes . as wel l as people in other countries w ith her selfless assi stance to aban- Difficult Early Days doned children , the aged , and hun- Sister Dulce began by telling me dreds of poor, sick people who come about the difficult, early days of her at all hours to her two hospitals in the work in 1935 when she first began to Bah ian capital city of Salvador. care for poor street people. She Many ~raz i l i ans know about this exP.lainedthat, nothavingany placeof famous sister, but is it possible to really any kind in which to shelter these Sister Dµlce speaking in hospital know her, to ~ omehow sense the people, she simply had to take direct cliapel. nature of the secr~t , inner resource action. Picking up sick and dying which empowers this tiny lady to people on the streets, she broke into a hospital managed by a Catholic accomplish so much? old, abandoned houses which had sister. I met patients who had been Arrivi ng in front of one of the been officially condemned by the city there for years (" Where else rave they hospitals, I caught my fi rst glimpse of government. When the mayor tele- to go?" Sister Dulce asked) and I even Sister Du lce, barel Y, visible, surround- phoned to complain, the sprightly nun met one long-ti me patient who was ed by a crowd of people who had told him she had no other place to well over i 00 years old, sitting near a waited at the door of her hospital for shelter them. After he evicted her, she crippled youth who had arrived during her arrival. They wished to talk to her, took.her people to live under abridge the previous night. Sister Dulce ex­ te ll her their problems, ask for help, in full view of the city's major tourist plained , " If w~ have no beds avail­ hear her words , but most of all they attraction, which happened to be a able, we place them on the floor, but wanted to touch her. After speaking to church. After the mayor again object- we always let them in , never turn many. of them, she fina lly made her ed , on the grounqs it would be bad for anyone awq.y. We try to remember that way inside the hospital where she was the city's image, he finally agreed to these sick people are trul y our brothers aga in besi eged , th is ti me by a throng of provide public land for the construc- and sisters, created in God's image. tourists who come by caravans of tion 'of a hospital. We should love and care for them, just busload s, to hear her speak a few ltwould'beeasytomissthisstrength as God commaRded ." words in the chapel , to pray with her, of Sister Dulce if one only saw the Over Two Hundred Children to touch her and , if at all possi ble, to be gentleness of her manrier when deal- photographed alongside her. I was ing with sick, troubled' people. So tiny, Later, we visited a city park where st r u~k by the patience i'ind openness so frail , apparently so fragile, she is children from her orphanage were with wliich she gave each ind ividual one of the toughest human beings I enjoyi ng a day's holiday. We parked her attenti on . In the midst of an have ever met, in the best sense of that on the side street off the grounds and incredibly demand ing da ily schedule, word . Mo~t of her abandoned children walked into the area of the park where Sister Dulce must pause over and over as well as elderly arid dying people lunch was being prepared for the again to res pond to so many people have only the slender figure of this children . As we approached, some of seeking contact with tris woman determined·woman standing between the youngsters saw Sister Dulce and whom they fe ~I is a livi ng ~ a i nt. them and death in the city streets. ran to greet her w ith great enthu si asm . Finally we found a qu iet corner of an As we wq.lked through the hospital , I When we reached the area where upstairs hall in the new hospital , and I was impressed with the wide variety of the youngsters were queuing up for had the oppo rtun ity to ask abo ~ t her religious backgrounds of volunteers in their picnic lunch, she told me about

34 (98] New World Outlook • February 1985 her "sons" . She cares for over two many responsibilities, I wondered if hundred children, mostly abandoned . she could have time for prayer and Some of them came to her after seeing reflection. So I asked her about the her on Brazilian television. She point­ relationship between prayer and so­ ed out a lad who had been recently cial action. She replied, " Look, social brought in from the city docks where action without prayer does not prod­ he had been stealing to stay alive, uce results. Here at the hospital we having been abandoned by his moth­ have regular hours for worship. Every er. When Sister Dulce offered to be a time I pass the chapel, I slip in for a mother to him, his response was a hug, quick prayer to our Lord. In order to kisses and joyful tears. achieve good results in our action for Watching the children at play, Sister Him, it is necessary to constantly have Dulce commented about the children, our thoughts turned toward the Lord. "T~ese poor children are thought of as At this moment, I am speaking to you 'difficult'-it is we who are really but within me I am also able to speak to 'difficult'. The only way we will win God at the same time. At the very over these street children is through moment I am conversing with various love. We have no punishment for the people about their needs or about boys of any kind . Sometimes, when organizational problems, in my heart I they are in government institutions, am asking God to help me respond to they are beaten by untrained staff their requests. Right now, during this workers. Once, when a government interview, I am asking God to use it to social worker visited our orphanage, produce good results for the poor. It is she asked, "Where do you have your as St. Paul said , 'I live, but it is not I punishment cell? I told her it was in our who lives. It is Christ who lives in me .' heart; we place the children there. " Well, in work like this, there are so many things to do, yet prayer which Prayer and Social Action Sister Dulce being greeted by some of continues alongside, is more than the the boys she cares for in Salvador. This "saint in motion" seemed so action itself .11 very busy, working long hours with so

Miriam Rondello and children at the Miriam.· "House of the Child" in Sao Paulo. 3 A woman who optedfor God

Five afternoons every week and When things finally quieted down, some evenings as well, Miriam Ron­ the interview continued with this very dello will be found at work as a busy woman by my asking what volunteer at Casa Do Menor(House of motivated her to put in such long hours the Child) in Sao Paulo. Established as as an unpaid volunteer. When she a result of a study of the plight of indicated it was simply a choice or abandoned children, the " Casa" is an option, I asked her for clarification. educational and assistance center, She replied, " Well, I opted for God helping to feed abandoned children as and for abandoned children." Miriam well as serving poor families. feels deeply it was God's call to her We interviewed Miriam in the and her husband to work with the "Casa" on a wintry Brazilian after­ church in this way. Miriam's Roman noon. Our visit was interrupted on Catholic bishop, Dom Alfredo Novak, occasion by people who presented a North American working for many themselves at the door with problems years in Brazil , had invited her and her which could not wait. Miriam, appro­ husband to assume basic responsibili­ priately, couldn't wait either to re­ ty for this new project in his region to spond to such profound human need . aid abandoned and street children. "Without God, We Are Nothing" crease unless something definite was Seeking to understand Miriam's life done to help the street children. and activities, I asked her if prayer was Otherwise, the children will go on important in her program . '"It is stealing from the people whom they fundamental," she said. "Without feel ha·ve re_ally stolen from them. God, we are nothing. In our apartment The Future For Street Children we have a special corner, a center for prayer and silence. Without silence She spoke of the future in store for there is no prayer. My husband' the street children as sad indeed­ Claudio, and I think of it as a sacred ending in the penitentiary or death at place. We have symbols of life, such the hands of either the police or gangs as green growing plants, and also a of youths who live on the streets . As a little mud hut like one of our Brazilian result of this kind of life, some of the birds build-which reminds us of the youngsters become like savages, as­ poor people of Brazil. The little house saulting people to stay alive them­ is a symbol of the courageous struggle selves-"kill or be killed". They grow of the poor to survive in their own tiny up with little sense of the value of houses. The nest and eggs in the bird human life because no one has ever house represent I ife." shown them that they were valuable. . Miriam found it difficult to express One of Brazil's leading Catholic in words her sense of satisfaction Bishops, Dom Luciano Mendez derived from her work with th~ chil­ speaks of street chi Id ren as the " proph~ dren. She indicated it offered an ets" of Brazil-denouncing modern interior joy rather than merely a sense society and announcing change to of accomplishment. She described her come. Street disturbances in the cities sense of love for the children as and soaring street crime, arising from " Liking them a lot, understanding unemployment and widespread pov­ them, suffering with them and recog­ erty, caused in part by the demands for nizing that they are truly equal to all of " austerity measures" -largely borne us." PY the poor-by North American and Miriam admitted that most Brpzil­ European banks-continue to occur. ians are not prepared to see aban­ Such unrest does shake up the wealthy doned children in this way. Sometimes and middle-classes but usually only in they are willing to give clothes or a terms ef protecting their property. little money, thinking gifts of charity Miriam feels a real transformation is are all that are needed. Actually, the needed, a "conversion", in the minds real need is to bring the children into a of the rich with reference to the needs truly human condition, in which of the poor. She adds, " So far, it is only people will value them as such . " A the poor who have been converted ." child ought to understand, very early · After watching M iriam at work, one in life, that · he need not to beg for wonders what her life might have been money or food from anyone, thus like if she had not " opted for God and demeaning himself. " abandoned chi Id ren ." Suppose One result of child abandonment in Miriam, like most of us, had gone on Brazil is increasing street crime by with her own life, with bus iness as children and young people. Pockets usual, raising a family, remodel ing the are picked, purses , watches and house, replacing the old car, etc . Is it jewelery snatched and sometimes possible that she, like many of us, violent assaults are made while rob­ wou Id have found I ife going somewhat bing people. Miriam said she expected stale, sometimes wondering why there street violence will continue to in- didn't seem to be real meaning any­ more? •

(left, top and bottom). Lloyd E. Young, a lay volunteer worker Miriam with street children with the churches, divides his time be­ at Casa do Menor (House of tween Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Santa Bar­ the Child). bara , California. 36 [100) New World Outlook • February 1985 (\ j \ I \ I \ ' , j l / /{ """" ~ v \~ / I ..,._...... ~ / ~ ----..J ~ ~ ~ "'~ ~ ...... I \ ~ ----r ~ \ ~ / / ' ~ '~ The Church and International Research Douglas W. Johnson

'\fe were standing on the bank of a in our eyes, did we look the part. The church, as it conducts research l'f ~mall canal lead ing from the Perhaps the church tra ins its people in in other nations, ca n generate new ocean inland toward Davao in the such a way that they have a different understa ndings about its mission and Ph ilippines . A security guard , a you ng man ner about them . O r perhaps only message. This can happen when the man in his earl y twenties, sidled up to missi onaries from America stayed at objective of the research deals with a us and asked , Are you here on that hotel. Whatever his rea so n, th is concern affecting the daily life of business?" I nodded because we were young person made the connection people in those nations. Our research there to train interviewers for a project between us, our bu si ness, and the concerned infant formula marketing being sponsored by the church. chu rc h. practices. This makes a difference in His next statement took both of us by A young doctor in Brazi l asked, " Is the I ives of many people in many surprise. " You look like mi ss ionari es. your research rea ll y after the truth or nations. It may be that research on Are you?" are you here to try to prove a particular other subjects may not have a similar We didn't feel like mi ssi onaries nor, point of view?" impact. New World Outlook • February 1985 [1 0 1] 37 Conducting research, secondly, practices of businesses. This is a Not Bounded by Politics allows the researchers from U.S. startling revelation to many consumer chu rches to help forge new liaisons. advocates in other lands. 3. The church's research efforts are People working for change in other An indication of the magnitude of not bounded by a political philosophy. nations, those in the church or op­ difference between open expression of The people in other lands discover that posed to it, acknowledge their need for criticism as used in the U.S. and the the church functions for people in the kind of objective facts research kind of critiques used in other nations ways that make a difference to them. surfaces. They feel that facts give them The church does not need to become a a base from which to develop strate­ political ally of any group to accom­ gies to confront their problems more plish its purposes. This doesn't mean effectively. that the church and its people, includ­ Facts, while important, are not as ing researchers, are immune to being important as are the opportunities ''Research used by various persons or groups to research opens for constructive con­ opens doors ior try and accomplish selfish and short­ tact and common work with people in sighted gains. The church should be other nations. Research, especially dialogue with sensitive to such efforts and not allow when it includes enlisting and training itself to be so used. people to conduct field interviews, some who have been Research seeks facts, but those data opens doors for dialogue with some shouldn't be used to benefit a particu­ who have been uninterested and uninterested and lar economic or political philosophy. hostile to the church . The church stands for universal truths hostile and seeks to help people live product­ A New Basis to the church.'' ive lives. Because of this, the church Conducting needed research on an shouldn't allow itself to be duped into international level gives the church believing it has to function in a and those who it is involving in particular manner in every nation. The collecting and interpreting data a new people with whom we dealt were not basis for understanding and communi­ of the same political persuasion as we cation . The research, while important, was revealed to us in a lunch time but we had a common goal. That was may not be the most productive aspect conversation in a South American the interest in improving the health of the project. A new appreciation of country. One of the students we were and mortality of children and mothers. the scope of the church's ministry and training for interviewing asked if we This kind of common concern is at the mission may pay longer term divi­ had a guerrilla movement in our core of the mission of the church . dends. country. Since change is directly Dialogue Not Easy or Pleasant Based on our experiences in evalua­ related to force in many countries as in tion research relating to the marketing his, he assumed it was the only way to It is not easy nor pleasant at all times practices of Nestle Corporation, three have an impact on business or govern­ to engage people in other lands in benefits can accrue to the church ment. He was surprised to learn that dialogue. Their perceptions of the through careful international research. the church works for change in a church and its agenda may vary widely These benefits cannot be termed mis­ peaceful and open manner. from ours. This makes it very important sionary or evangelistic activities in 2. A more subtle impact of the for those in the field, researchers and thei r commonly accepted forms since church's international research efforts others, to be direct, nondefensive, and the intent of the research was neither of is that people in other nations no honest. these . longer feel isolated. They see in the The truth isthatthechurch is notfree 1 . Personal contact and the concern request for research and their involve­ from defects. The church as well as of the church in a consumer-related ment in it a force outside their small every political organization or method issue like marketing infant formula group that is interested in supporting is encumbered with historical blem­ proved to be an eye opener for people their cause. As one person said, "I ishes. Being willing to concede who had been lukewarm or opposed thought we were all alone. It's cer­ imperfection is the only way doors can to the church . A part of the reason for tainly good to know others are behind ve opened to those in other lands who the change in attitude was that the us. It gives us strength." have been indifferent or hostile to the research was designed to involve Few of the church people in the U.S. church. When the doors are open we people who didn't think the church who have participated in boycotts or can begin working together for com­ cared about problems affecting them. provided money for ongoing monitor­ mon goals. • Consumer union participants found ing research can appreciate the uplift out that the church is not governed by the visible presence of researchers has big business. They discovered that the on those in other lands. It is as if church Douglas W . Johnson is Executive Direc­ church wants to be fair in its assess­ people in the U.S. reached out an arm tor of The Institute for Church Develop­ ment of a situation but that, once it has to link up with theirs. The feeling of ment, Inc., an independent research the facts, it not hesitant to tackle the oneness is very warm . group.

38 [102] New World Outlook • February 1985

---~~~ - - -- ogy. What is more important-to me and ... it was very good .. . " (Genesis as well as to the animals-they are 1:27-31 ). - compassionate, caring, humane indi­ In regard to schoo ls and hospitals, viduals, most of them with a religious economic policies and social injus­ orientation, al I of them more conver­ tice, President Kenneth Kaunda of sant with ethics than I am with science. Zambia once said to me, " God's most = My task has been to raise "iay" important creation i s man h im­ questions about how many animals self ... therefore all that we try to do, all are essential for a particular experi­ that we think about, plan to do, in fact ment, about the nature of pain in implement, all of that must be done vertebrates or invertebrates. The gov­ with the concept of man being central ernment manual states : " While more in all these activities ... The object of needs to be known about the percep­ (all th is enterprise) is man . But it is Creighton Lacy tion of pain in animals, investigators God's man ." The same statement­ should assume that procedures that revising the sexist language-could be would cause physical pain in human made about medical research . No beings may cause pain in other an i­ form of life should be sacrificed mals." Furthermore, " procedures that needlessly, but a world that tolerates may cause more than slight pain or starvation, war, and capital punis h­ On October 14 the CBS distress should be performed with ment should hard ly object to the television program, " 60 appropriate sedation, analgesia, or " humane use" of other animals for the Minutes" (already noted, anesthesia. " purpose of relieving human suffering along with Reader's Digest My scientific colleagues are acutely or increasing human welfare. for defaming the World sensitive to these issues, to " the What else have I learned ? My fi rst and National Councils of avoidance or minimization of dis­ impression, on an initial site visit, was Churches), devoted one of comfort, distress, or pain as an ethical of incredible clean li ness and care . I the segments to medical imperative." For example, they were have visited many hospitals, in this experimentation on ani­ unanimously critical of one unit where country as well as the Third World, m a Is. Protesters were temperature fluctuations during the where sanitation and equipment and shown picketing laboratories; grue­ weekend were monitored but not safety are vastly inferior to services some vivisection on stray cats and corrected. I am proud to work with accorded these animal s. One may dogs were pictured as standard prac­ such men, to be assured that labora­ recognize that most of the precautions tice. tory research is no cold, impersonal, are designed to guarantee the purity of It is ironic, therefore, that the mechanical operation. These scien­ experiments rather than the comfort of National Institute of Health has issued tists are convinced that their work is the " victims". Yet one must also elaborate guidelines for " the humane essential to progress in environmental acknowledge with shame that millions care and use of animals." (Humane, in health, that their studies hold the of God's human children have fa r less my dictionary, means "having the promise of benefit to humanity. As one food and security and " tender loving good qualities of human beings, as of them remarked after the program on care" than these laboratory ani mals. kindness, mercy, or compassion .") " 60 Minutes": " People who oppose I learned also that human prejud ice The NIH Manual specifies that each animal experimentation should refuse and discrimination affect our treat­ animal care committee must include to accept any medical treatment, ment of furry friend s. The An ima l " a person who is sensitive to bioethi­ surgery, or even medication which has Welfare Act (PL 89-544) spec ifically cal issues, does not possess an ad­ been discovered, devised, developed covers dogs, cats, monkeys, rabbits, vanced degree in one of the life as a resu It of such research " . guinea pigs, and hamsters-not mice sciences, and is drawn from outside Basically I agree . Nobody asked my and rats. Potential pets who can soothe that (board or agency)." That's me! I ethical views about such scientific our emotions and provide us w ith am an Animal Care Consultant. This research before I was invited to serve companionship are entitled to protec­ may seem a strange assignment for an in this capacity, but I have had to tion and humane care ; those which ordained minister--0r an inappro­ examine them myself. I am not a inspire revul sion, fear or merel y di state priate subject in a missionary maga­ sentimental " pet lover", although a can be overlooked. Sim ila rly, the zine. For me it has been both a ministry little fox terrier was a faithful member hordes of hungry, dispossessed peopl e and an education . of our family for nearly fifteen years . in the Third World, those ou tside of Recently the committee on which I My Oriental (Taoist?) background our accepted soc ial circ les, threaten serve made its annual , mandated, makes me unusually sensitive to the our sen se of security, no matter how on-site inspection of the vivarium harmony between nature and human­ essential they may actually be to our (" enclosure for keeping live animals ity. My theology assures me that own survival . for observation or research " ), a far cry animals are an integral-and purpo­ Yes , I am learning: learning that from the ivied walls of a theological sive-part of God's creation. My Bible nature is interdependent, all of it seminary or the poverty and injustice declares: " God created .. . in his own precious in the Creator's si ght, but also of the human world community. image .. . male and female ... (to) have that the descendants of Ada m and Eve, All of my colleagues are medical or dominion over the fish of the sea and however fallen we may be, still hold in veterinary doctors of Ph.D.'s in biolo­ over the birds of the air and over every our keeping the values and the hopes, gy, anatomy, immunology or psychol- living thing that moves upon the earth, the futu re of God's world. •

New World Outlook • February 1985 (1 03] 39 Low commodity prices , li ttle control over lifestyles, energy use that resu Its in destruc­ SC marketing and inputs and natural disasters tion of land due to increased demand for fo made farming a gamble. Then , as now, coal and uranium mining and the spiritual C( there were pre ss ures to treat the la nd values and consequences of abusing God' s in harshly in order to make a living. gift of land . A In The Spirit Of The Earth, John Hart calls Hart captures much of his own values rE us to remember or reaffirm our dependen­ and perspectives in three basic principles bi cy on the living land for our food and fiber (pp . 154-15 7). First, the land is God' s. w and on the Spirit of God which is the " Civil ownership of the land is permissi­ ultimate giver of all life. Hart's task is an ble," says Hart, " but even civil ownership Books ambitious one in a culture that has carries with it social responsibilities. We increas ingly adopted urban values both in are more likely to take these responsibili­ THE SPIRIT OF THE EARTH cities and on the farm . Urban people have ties seriously if we remember that the land is God' s. " Secondly, the land is entrusted By John Hart. lost touch with the Spirit of God as they to humanity. The land and the fruits of the Paul ist Pre ss, 1984. 165 pp., $8 .95 (paper). have become detached from the soi I. At the same time, farm ing has become highly land are entrusted by God to humanity for As a young boy, I used to travel with my specialized , chemically intensive and en­ just caretaking. As caretakers, we are grandfather as he de livered fuel oil to vi ronmentally unsound so that farmers responsible for maintaining the health of farmers in rural Minnesota. The land and become removed from the land even as the land and the human community. the people were friendly. Each farm they farm it. Hart is sensitive to the Thirdly, the land is to be shared equitably consisted of a variety of crops interspersed economic pressures faced by farmers that through the ages . " In practice," Hart says , with cattle grazing on land too steep to fi 11. result in the erosion of values and soil as " this means overseeing an equitable dis­ A large garden supplied most of the food poor farm practices replace those which tribution of the lands and its fruits among that a farm fam ily needed . The soil was nurture the land but which demand more all the members of every generation. " Not deep and rich . One shovel , full of earth , time or costly capital. Hart does not allow surprisingly, Hart calls us to reform our provided sufficient worms for a day's economics to be used as an excuse for poor faith , our values and our land relation­ fis hing. The farms of this day were usua lly stewardship. Instead, he uses it as a ships . debt free , cash poor and value rich . Life springboard from which to call urban and The Spirit Of The Earth is worthwhile was hard but good . There was the expec­ rural people to a more just relationship to reading. It provides a theological perspec­ tation that the land, if cared for, wou Id each other and to their God. tive which enables us to assess current provide for the suffic-iency of the family but The Spirit Of The Earth is not simply a practices which threaten the well-being of not much more. Then, as now, hard work book about farming. It addresses many the soil and the human family. It is a clear did not guarantee survival on the land . aspects of our lives which touch the land : statement of Roman Catholic theology and PARTNERS NEEDED Young, Gifted, ODEL is Protestants and Cathol­ Cics working together in Third World Development. CODEL part­ Black And Undecided ners help people to help themselves toward self-reliance. Projects in health, education, community de­ About A College? velopment and agriculture are in 42 countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Why not consider one of United e are partners planting seeds of Whope in a world of desperate Methodism's 12 Black colleges. need. Won't you become a part­ Thousands of Black leaders ner too? have graduated from these institutions since the first 'One ,------, was founded in 1866. Be a part of that tradition. CCIE.~ Coordination in Development Apply today to: 79 Madl5on Ave., N.Y. N.Y. 10016 212-685-2030 Huston-Tillotson - w:mt to support development work in: Clark - Atlanta, GA 30314 I Education 0 Health 0 Agriculture 0 Austin, TX 78702 Rust - Holly Springs, MS 38635 Community Development 0 General Ph ilander Smith - Bethune-Cookman - Program 0 In Africa 0 Asia D Latin America 0 Please put me on your mail­ Little Rock, AR 72203 Daytona Beach, FL 32015 Dillard - New Orleans, LA 70122 ing list so I can read about your work 0 Wiley - Marshall, TX 75670 Please send me an annual report 0 Pa ine - Augusta, GA 30910 Bennett - Greensboro, NC 27420 Claflin - Orangeburg, SC 29115 Meharry Medical - Name Morristown, TN 37814 Nashville TN 37208 City State Zip For more information contact: All contributions are tax deductible. The Black College Fund Make checks payable to CODEL, Inc. SIO -- S25 -- S50 -- noo - P.O. Box 871 • Nashville, TN 37202 '------"'1500 __ Other___ Thank you! 40 [104) New World Outlook • February 1985

- --~------" ·-~ - soc ial eth ics which should be a useful tool thought, most persons of all classes believe TEXTS OF TERROR: for people of fa ith . In add ition, Hart that success is a result of character. Those LITERARY-FEMINISTS READING OF connects in a compelling wa y re li gious who win deserve their rewards (status, BIBLICAL NARRATIVES insights from Catholicism and ative power, money), and those who lose have By Ph yllis Trible . Americans with traditional U.S. values only themselves to blame. Fortress Press, 7984 . 728 pp. , $7 .95 . related to the land . The issues ra ised in the Through the pages , one discovers the book demand creative responses . Hart price extracted from blue-collar workers A book by Ph yllis Trible, Baldwin writes : by a winner society. Citing extensively Professor of Sacred Literature at Union from scholarly research on the working­ The future of the earth depends on Theological Seminary in New York, is class and peppering those findings with how we care for our trust of land . We always a welcome event. In my judgment, stories of real people, Sample brings to life have reached a fork in the road , a fork she is one of the most creative and blue-collar workers and their families as not unlike those reached time and imagi native biblical interpreters in opera­ unique i ndividuals and groups with again by our ancestors. In one direc­ tion today. One can never fail to be dreams and varying styles of living. They tion, we can see a d ifficult path, one challenged, enlivened and enthused by are already in our churches in significant that requires discipline and sacrifice, her carefu I dissections of the ancient words numbers but are often discounted by the that gradually leads to an earth in of Seri pture. majority. Many also opt out of church harmony. In the other direction we In this 13th volume of the excellent involvement for a variety of reasons can see an easier path, one allowing Overtures to Biblical Theology series, she presented . consumerism and complacency, that offers a companion work to her 1978 Those who have been involved in the shortly leads to an earth torn by strife piece, Cod and the Rhetoric of Sexuality, women's movement will recognize many among people and with people. (p. which was Volume 2 of this same series . descriptions of women in the working­ 164) She warns the reader in the preface to this class who are both in and out of the new book that the earlier book was " a time The Spirit Of The Earth can help guide church. There are the blue-collar winner to laugh and dance" while the second those who dare to take the more difficult women who seek non-traditional employ­ volume is " a time to weep and mourn" (p. and yet prudent path . ment as a way of earning a decent wage: xiii). Four women of the Old Testament )ACK NELSQ, -PALLMEYER the pink-collar wife holding two eight­ come under the gaze of Trible's searching hour jobs- a dull deadend office job and skills : Hagar in Genesis, Tamar in 2 Jack elson-Pallmeyer is the author of the care of family and home; the single Hunger for Justice : The Politics of Food & parent patching together an existence on a Faith (Orbis Books, 7980 ). He is presently meager income from tedious assembly­ living and working in Nicaragua as a line work; the homemaker imprisoned by program associate with the Center for society's expectations that a woman's only Global Service & Education based in fulfillment comes from being a wife and Minneapolis . mother. Those interested in a comprehen­ sive ministry should take seriously the needs of these marginalized women, as well as the needs of men who are more BLUE-COLLAR MINISTRY: Facing often thought of as blue-collar workers. Economic and Social Realities of According to Tex Sample, " The Chris­ Working People tian faith provides a theological response By Tex Sample . '" •..._ that could challenge winner rel igion .... I ~ ~· Judson Press, 7984 . 792 pp., $72.95. The Christian faith deals with the issue of From Abandoned " It is my conviction that the church does human dignity and proposes a vision of not understand working-c lass people, and what it means to be human" (p. 122). This ... to Loved that ministry with working-class people is unique response is a theology of grace, not a priority for most ma in-line denomi­ which states that grace is a gift for all to UMCOR #275435-0B nations ." With these words, Dr. Tex enjoy, not a prize won on individual effort Sample begins his preface to Blue-Collar or merit. " It shatters the equation of failure Every year tens of thousands of Ministry, leading the reader on an odyssey equals worthlessness" (p. 122). children are abandoned by their to better understanding. If church members are to be effective in parents. Some are discarded, Tex Sample is Professor of Church and reach ing out to blue-collar people within thrown away. In other cases, par­ Society at St. Paul School of Theology, their congregations and in the wider ents simply cannot afford to feed, Kansas City, Missouri . However, he is not community, they must be sensitive to clothe and shelter their children. an impartial observer, collecting sociolog­ blue-collar life-styles. Only then will the ical research in a vacuum. His stories are church be able to truly be the church-the The Early Childhood Develop­ not only of others. They revea l his own community of those called , forgiven and ment Prngram in Thailand works heritage as a child of the working class in set apart by God for mission . to assist such children. Mississippi . The pastor has a key role to play in By the time the reader gets to Chapter 8, ministry to blue-collar workers. Practical You can join in this exciting he or she has been introduced in depth to illustrations for clergy are included. But ministry today. Help a child feel those classified by Dr. Sample as blue-col­ this book is for everyone who cares about loved and wanted! lar " Winners," " Respectables," " Survi­ people and about making the gospel Designate yo ur contribution by in­ vors" and " Hard Livers. " The reader has message relevant to all. It is for those who cluding the project number(UMCOR also been forced to look at the middle class sense life is a web rather than a pyramid # 275435-0H). For local church and values which permeate the attitudes and and who wish to risk being in partnership annual conference credit, send your actions of the majority of those in our w ith the powerless on the side of justice. gift through your local church trea­ churches, including the pastors . It is a MARY GRACE LYMAN surer. Conu·ibutions will then. be for­ point of view which idolizes winning. Mary Crace Lyman is executive secre­ warded Lo: Advance GCFA, General Winner Re ligion and the American Dream tary for leadership development, the Hoard of Global Ministries, 475 Ri ver­ (with effort anyone can make it in the Women's Division, General Board of side Drive, Room 1439, New York, Y United States from rags to riches) are so a Global Ministries, The United Methodist 10115. part of the American psyche that, without Church.

New World Outlook • February 1985 [105) 41 Samuel , the dismembered concubine of methods : David Gunn, John Dominic this series , Walter Brueggemann , in his Judges and Jephthah's tragic daughter in Crossan , Kenneth R. R. Gros Louis are br ief foreword says of Trible's method that that same biblical book. The mood of all some of the names which come to mind·. it " makes very little, if any, impos ition on four analyses is somber and dark; these are What Trible adds to her use of the the text" (p. ix). He shou Id know better, indeed texts of terror, texts wherein method is the feminist grid. -She makes no and I know tnat Trible does. The very fact women are submitred to outrage, disgrace bones about her bias: She reads the text as that the method is called " literacy-femi­ and death, usually at the hands of unfeel­ a feminist, looking for places where the nist" makes overt imposition on the text ing men . femi nine voic~ has been squelched by inevitable, indeed necessary. The method Trible calls her method " literary-femi­ overt or covert patriarchalisrn. Beca use I is often far closer to midrash than it is to nist. " The first word defines the basic am a man and intend to remain one for the trad itional exegesis. (I might add that method while !he s~cond defines the grid rest of my days, her r~adings have been of Brueggemann 's own recent book on Gen­ through which the method moves. By enorrTlPUS help to me . Indeed, her reading esis is subject to the same judgment.) For " literacy" she m~ans the constellation of of Ru th in the earlier volume revolutiqn­ example, why at Gen . 16:3 should the methodologies which are being used by ized my view of that ancient and powerfu l " repeated use of relat i onal lan­ increasing numbers of practitioners which story. guage ... accent the growing oppos i­ take the received biblical text as the And here again I am in her debt. Th~se tion" of the various characters of the story? beginning point of the study. Then that text fo ur tragic women veritably leap out of the T h~ same sort of " re peated use of relation­ is mined carefully for word repetition, the Bible's pages and cry for o~r own pity and al language" in Gen. 22 seems to have shaping of phrases and scenes and any outrage. After the careful reading of each precisely the opposite effect. Such a other physical phenomena of the narrator' s of the four stories, Trible calls for our stateme nt is a li terary one which could art. These raw data are then used to res ponse to the crimes perpetrated ·agai nst yield different interpretations by another demonstrate characterization, plot, narra­ these four stories , two of whom are not critic. Trible makes much of changes of tive shape and authorial intention. This is , even provided names . I doubt that anyone words and phrases from na rration to of course, the stuff of literary criticism or, ca n fai l to be moved by these incisive and dialogue (c.f. e.g. her comments on Gen. as James Muilenberg (Trible's one-time beautifully written analyses. 21 011 pp. 21-22). The fact that other teacher) Cqlled ' it, 7'rhetorical criticism. " And now let me sound a warning, one commentators n-ote the same facts but Some of the most exciting biblical work is which may bother some readers far more conclude differently from them means that Pl pouring forth from those who use these than it does me. The well-known editor of the text is , of course , imposed upon . SC Tl m et this all-new catalog p< cc presents nl ~ultipurpose v; resources SE ~o spark w your mission ye planning ca

Vl Give up p1 Ava il abl e in March! something for Lent "l The array of materials includes: and brighten tt BOOKS MAGAZINES POSTERS LEAFLETS a stranger's life P'. PACKETS PAMPHLETS AUDIOVISUALS te BROCHURES MAPS, KITS MATERIALES EN ESPANOL Over the years the tradition of penance and fasting during Lent has given way to a celebration of SI springtime - of new life. F1 How about combining the old Please send with the new? Give up something VI __ copies Name ~------­ for Lent and add the money you vi free for pasta ge would have spent to your One and handling Ad dress ------Great Hour of Sharing offering. cc SERVICE CENTER 7820 Read ing Rd . Zip _____ Celebrate new life through the Pi Cincinnati , One Great Hour of Sharing on tt Ohio 45237 Sunday, March 17. v

42 [1 06) New World Outlook • February 1985 Is Water Enough To Help This Child? This child needs water to help keep him alive. But if he is to grow up as a useful member of his small village he will also need an education; good nutrition through improved food production in his village area; access to visiting health services; trees to hold the soil in his barren land­ scape; and decent housing that takes him off a dirt floor. In other words, he needs an INTEGRATED community development program in his village to support him. In every part of our developing world families are struggling to provide this Plastic pipe brings water down mou ntain to this child 's vill age. needed support for their children . Large- scale projects are undertaken on a government-to-government basis, aimed at assisting Third-World nations to meet their developmental needs. Despite these massive efforts many small villages are not touched. They are too remote, or too small to fit into gov­ ernmental plans. Pax World Foundation has identified a number of these remote villages, which des­ parately need support. Development experts are now available in these areas, and the communities are organized to determine and control their own future. What they need now are financial resources. WILL YOU HELP US TO VITALIZE A THIRD-WORLD VILLAGE? Your contribution of only $100 a year will make you a VILLAGE SPONSOR. You can help to provide the essentials - clean water, food, firewood, visiting medical services and basic education - by sending your gift to the Pax World Foundation. We will send you information on a number of villages, so that you may choose the village you wish to sponsor. You will also receive reports on the village's progress, so that you can see an integrated community developing,, and supporting all its children. Your gift will go a long way. For example, clean water can be provided for an entire village for as little as $500. Firewood can be I PAX WORLDFOUNDATION------­ provided for only a few dollars, by using I 4905 Del Ray Avenue, # 507, Bethesda, MD 20814 "Miracle" seeds, now being distributed to I D I wish to SPONSOR A VILLAGE which needs my help. third-world countries by Pax. These seeds IoM y check for $100 _ $200 _ $500 _ 0ther _ produce trees as high as 65 feet in less than I is enclosed. ten ye~rs. ID Piease send my information package today, so I ca n Decide today to be a VILLAGE SPON- I select the village I want to help. SOR. Just send in the coupon; Pax World I D Use my gift in the village where help is most needed Foundation will send you details of the de- I and send me progress reports. I velopment program planned for YOUR I Nam village. Periodic reports and pictures will I e (Please Print) come to you as the program progresses. I Address ------­ Please help us give children like the one in I City s ta te __ Zip __ I to a chance to grow up in a I Gifts are tax d e ~u c tibl e . No more th ~n 10% of the sponsor's contribution will be I the Pho I used fo r fund-ratsmg and admm1strat1ve expen es. The Foundatton pays no execu: I VITA LIZ ED COMMUNITY! L ti ve sa l a ri e :..'.'._o~ecei'::: any go~~~ funds. ______---AS 1 But that is for me, not on ly all right; it is they detracted rather than enhanced the particularly helpful to women and men essential. We, as interpreters, can do no power of the book. seek ing to gain insight Into Jesus' cu stom of other. And just as in mid rash , we learn and Here are fresh read ings of wo11derful addressing God as Father. are st imulated; so in these enormously biblical texts . What more could we want? Abernathy goes beyond bibl ical studies creative efforts, we learn and are sti mu lat­ Put away your Interpreter's Bible and read and explores Ol,Jr response to the activity of ed . I, for one, am gratefu I for the risks taken Trible. You will be glad you did . I know I God' s: the ethical teach ing of Jesus , ethical as well as the labor expended . am . JoHN C. HmsERT understa nd ings of the will of God, disci­ The book is overfootnoted (we are told plesh ip, and Jesus and the Future. The three times in note s that saga means story) John C. Holbert is an Assistant Professor author s uggest ~ that in-depth stud y of the and the copious notes are collected at the of Hom iletics at Perkins School of Theolo­ teachings of Jesus leads to an understand­ end of each essay , surely a sign that Satan gy. ing that Jesus was in a new relationship has infiltrated the publ ish ing world. Each with God which we, in turn, are cal led to essay is preceded by a line drawing of a experience as sons and daughters of God . tombstone with the name of the woman on UNDERSTANDING THE TEACHING Thi s book covers a large amount of material, which makes it an excellent it and a biblical quotation with Christolo­ OF JESUS gical connections appended below the resource cind study book. A summary, By David· Abernathy. name . They rem inded me of Edward glossa ry, bibliography, list of scri pture Seabury Pre ss, N. Y. , 1983 . 288 pp., $13.95 Gorey's drawings fo r the TV show " Mys­ (paper). references, and questions are inc luded at tery. " I was not offended by them , but I felt the end of each chapter. Abernathy's Understanding the Teaching of Jesus is a sensitivity to iss ues pf sexism is refreshing. comprehensive book, building on the Most helpful is his use of the translation, works of two giants of biblical scholarship, " the activity of God," rather than " the Norman Perrin and Joachim Jeremias, and Kingdom of God ." Anlllble in making them accessible to lay people. Those wishing a deeper understand ing white or bledc Davi d Abernathy begins with an expla­ of the Good News will discover in this 6" tile or white 6" round tile. nation of biblical criticism, non-canonical bqok a gift. They will need to resist be ing • Minimum order materia l, and major themes of the Gospels : deterred by a few places in the book which 50 tile. •W• elto mike the Kingdom of God; forgiveness of sins ; are a bit head y and technical . Those who photo pl-. and the fatherl iness of God . Especially ~ a v e already engaged in serious biblical print n- pmper end helpful is the· chapter on the context in studies will find here a creative approach Church Bulletlne, Poet .C.,. • Christ- Cerdl which the Gospels were written, " Fir~t to the Gospel story. FREE SAMPLES AND CAROL MAnEsoN Cox ILLUSTRATED LITERATURE· Write: Century Judaism ." Abernathy writes with a PRESTON-HOPKINSON CO. sensitivity to the sexism which existed in Carol Matteson Cox is the pastor of Dept. NW, Appomattox, Virginia 24522 the time in which Jesus lived. The chapter Fordham United Methodist Church in the on " The Fatherl iness of God" may be Bronx, New York .

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44 [108) New World Outlook • February 1985 Four Frontier Issues of Mission Today About Missio s • Contextualization • Relief and Development • Unreached Peoples • Urban Mission We've been hearing so much about the school, and to the youth . Ask that they be Think them through at OMSC with hunger and poverty in Africa. Is our sacrificial in their saving and giving. You expert leadership and like-minded church doing anything to help? might want to make this a part of your colleagues from home and abroad. Our church is and has been doing a great Lenten program and then on Palm Sunday deal to help. We've had on-going projects or Ea ster have some fish nets at the altar of in the African countries where we have the church. Have everyone come forward mission work, which have been long­ and place their fish , filled with their range efforts to eliminate poverty and contribution, in the nets. This money can provide more food for people. Mission­ be sent to the World Hunger/Poverty aries and national church leaders have Mission Emphasis : Code #982920-4 as an Clockwise: been developing water systems, agricul­ Advance Special , or to any of the other Taber tural projects and many other means of hunger code numbers you will find in our Ward Adeney making more food available and distribut­ literature and appeals. Bakke ing it to those in need for many years as a Samuel part of our on-going mission effort. Now Where do I order the Fish Banks? that the extreme famine and malnutrition Write to the Service Center, General MARCH 11 -15 has been in the news we have been doing a Board of Global Ministries, 7820 Reading The Gospel in Context. great deal more through UMCOR-our Road , Cincinnati, Ohio 45237. Specify Charles R. Taber, formerly United Bible relief agency. Stock #4280. Societies in West Africa . MARCH 18-22 I see the names of many groups asking You keep using the term "Advance Relief and Development: for funds to feed the starving people of Special." What do you mean? Mission's New Hot Potato. Africa. Does it matter very much which Advance Spec ials are designated mis­ Ted Ward, Michigan State University and ones I select to send my money? sion gifts. It is the means by which United Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Co­ No doubt most of the groups you have Methodists can give to mission causes of sponsored by World Concern, Christian read about or seen making appeals are their own choosing. The causes or needs Reformed World Relief, NAE World Relief, worthy agencies, but why not send your are selected "on the field," not by a and World Vision. money through your own church? When mission board or " by us. " They are APRIL 15-19 your funds go as Advance Special gifts 100 approved by several committees after "Unreached Peoples"-An Anthropologist percent goes to help the people. Adminis­ carefu I examination and consideration Looks at Evangelical Approaches to the Unfinished Task. trative costs come from other sources, so if and publ is hed every two yea rs in a book Miriam Adeney, Seattle Pacific University you want your money to provide more entitled, " Partnership in Missions." and Regent College. Co-sponsored by food or blankets or to meet any of the needs There is great variety in the kinds of Christian and Missionary Alliance, to make distribution of these life-saving projects and programs which rece ive Liebenzell Mission, OMS Int'!, SIM Int'!, and items possible, you shou Id give through Advance Special funds. There is something WEC Int'!. your church. there for everyone. The best part of all is APRIL 22-26 that no administration cost is taken from Evangelizing World Class Cities. How should we tell our congregation money given through this channel. Raymond J. Bakke, Lausanne Committee, about what our church is doing to help in To lea rn more about Advance Specials and Vinay Samuel, Evangelical Fellowship of Africa in order to get them to respond? you can write to the Rev. William Carter, India. Co-sponsored by Inter-Varsity Each Sunday for a month have different 475 Riverside Drive, Room 1316, New Evangelism, Latin America Mission, Southern lay persons make three-to-five minute York, New York 10115, and ask your Baptist FMB, Theological Students Fellowship, and World Vision. This seminar presentations during your morning wor­ questions. Or, you can order the " Partner­ will emphasize models of training for urban ship service telling about some of the ship" book, #4393 for $3.00 from the ministry and evangelism. things our church is doing. You can get Serv ice Center, General Board of Global ideas for the talks by read ing articles in this Ministries, 7820 Reading Road , Cincin­ r;I • Bulletin or Missionary Research magazine, The United Methodist Reporter, nati , Ohio 45237 A"'' , :;;:;;;-.-;; ;;;-;;;;;:;::~---, OVERSEAS MINISTRIES The Interpreter and other church publica­ Donald E. Struchen I t;t° tions. Close each presentation with an I · ..i... STUDY CENTER appeal for your people to make a special I Box 2057, Ventnor, NJ 08406 Donald E. Struchen is Coordinator of Please send more information: contribution to this need and explain that Mission Leaders, General Board of Global I D Contextualization, March 11 -15 every dollar given will go to help others . Ministries. ID Development, March 18-22 ID Unreached Peoples, April 15 -19 Are there special envelopes we can get ID Urban Mission, April 22-26 to collect money for world hunger? READERS ARE INVITED to pose questions about missions. Please address letters to: Q & A About Why not order the Fish Banks . You can Missions, New World Outlook, Room 1349, lName get up to 500 UMCOR Fish Banks free , 475 Ri verside Drive, New York, N .Y. 10115. I Address except for postage and handling. Give one We cannot acknowledge or return unused to each family, to every child in church questions. I City State Zip

New World Outlook • February 1985 [109] 45 DB CLASSIFIED

EW WORLD OUTLOOK CLASSIF IED is a regular feature designed as an exchange between subscribers and to hel p subscri bers. Rates for reader-type ads are 75 cents per word (minimum charge $15) . Post Office NEXT Box numbers and telephone numbers count as two word s each ; abbreviations and zip codes count as one word. Se nd all copy (with MONTH check/money order) six weeks prior to month of issue to: NEW WORLD OUTLOOK CLASSIFIED, 475 Riverside Drive, Room 1349, New York, CHURCHES WITH AN EYE ON THEIR HEATING BILLS CAN N.Y. 10115. TAKE HEART FROM ENERGY CONSERVATION-AN AC­ For information/rates relative to all other advertisi ng please w rite/call: COUNT BY WRITER MARY PAUL HARRINGTON OF A UTAH The Allan E. Shubert Company, 198 Allendale Road, King of Prussi a, PA MINISTER'S STATE-RECOGNIZED ENERGY-SAVING PRO­ 19406 (215) 265 -0648. GRAM THAT PROMISES TO CUT HEATING COSTS UP TO 40 PERCENT WHILE PROVIDING JOB TRAINING FOR THE

Letters of application and resume may be UNEMPLOYED. POSITIONS O PE N se nt directly to John J. Dalton, Personnel Administrator, Room 1476, General Board VERY POSITIVE CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT-CHURCH Letters of application for the following RELATIONS HAVE BEEN NOTED BY CUBAN CHRISTIANS posi tions and resume may be sent to: of Global M inistries, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, N.Y. 1011 5. SINCE FIDEL CASTRO'S UNPRECEDENTED VISIT TO Personnel Dire ctor, The General Board of HAVANA'S VEDADO METHODIST CHURCH LAST JUNE, Global M inistries, 475 Riverside Drive, REPORTS JOSEPH PEREZ OF THE WORLD DIVISION IN Room 1476, New York, N.Y. 10115. The The General Board of Global Ministries is an FIDEL, JESSE JACKSON AND THE CHURCH IN CUBA. General Board of Global M inistries is an Equ al Opportunity Employer. Eq ual O pportunity and Affirmative Action UMCOR'S NORMA J. KEHRBERG FOCUSES ON THE Employer REAL EST A TE RENTALS/SALES PLIGHT OF WOMEN AND BABIES AFFECTED BY THE FAMINE IN ETHIOPIA IN A FIRST-PERSON ACCOUNT OF A HOUSE, POCONO MTS. , 3 BR, fully furn ., RECENT TRIP TO THE WEST AFRICAN NATION. IN INDIA EXECUTI VE SECRETARY , for Latin America wrap-around patio, lakeview, 1 V2 hrs. NYC, REPORT BETH HEISEY PROVIDES AN EYEWITNESS 1S mins . Camel Back Mts., ski resort . and the Caribbean, World Program Division, ACCOUNT OF THE VIOLENT AFTERMATH OF THE GANDHI Excel lent skii ng in winter. Swimming, boat­ General Board of Global M inistries. ASSASSINATION. ing, tennis, horseback riding, camping fac i­ ASSIST A T GENERAL SECRETARY, Sect ion lities nearby. S mins. to shops. Monthly, ALSO FAMINE AND FOOD POLICY BY ARTHUR SIMON OF of M ission & Membership Deve lopment, weekly, week-end, long-term rates . Contact: BREAD FOR THE WORLD. AND EXCITING PROFILES OF Women's Program Division, Genera l Board G. Patterson (212) SS9-S82S . Weekdays FIJI'S SULI SIWATIBAU, A LEADING ANTI-NUCLEAR ACTIV­ of G lobal Ministries . after 6 pm : (212) 864-8049. IST, AND BISHOP JOHN ALFRED NDORICIMPA OF BURUN­ DI. SECRETARY for Financial Interpretation, SECRET ARIES NO FEE Women's Program Division, General Board of Global M inistries. If you 're available one day a week or more and can 't find a job STOP LOOKING! EXECUTIVE SECRETARY , M inistries w ith WIZ always has openings for Secretaries, Annual Conferences, Hea lth & Welfare Word Processo rs, Receptionists & Bi-lingual Program Ministries Program Department, Typists . W IZ TEMPORARY PERSO NNEL General Board of Global Ministries. 18 E. 41 st Street, Suite 1804 New York, N.Y. 10017 EXECUTIVE SECRETARY for Research Plan­ (212) 686-2894 ning and Coordination, Women's Program Division, Genera l Board of Global M inis­ tries. RETREAT CENTERS/CAMPS

GULFSIDE METHODIST ASSEM BLY is a ASSIST A T TREASURER for World Program sprawling 140-acre retreat center along the Division, General Board of Global Minis­ Gulf of Mexico, SS miles from New Orleans. tries . Re lated to The United Methodist Church, Gulfside has been a center for Christian education, culture and recreation for nearly COMMUNICATIONS six decades. Founded in 1923, Gulfside's ASSOCIATE EDITOR for Literature and NEW balmy weather, stately M ississippi pines and WORLD OUTLOOK magazine. To ass ist in large shady oaks lure church groups, college CHANGE OF ADDRESS preparation , editi ng and publishing of students and civic clubs to its grounds yea r monthly mission magazine and other printed after year. Camping privi leges ava ilable at NAME------materials (brochures, reports, fact sheets , nominal cost. Overnight accommodations (Please Print) etc. ) for 100, banquet facilities for 300 persons also avai lable. Auditorium seats 1,000. ADDRESS------~ DIRECTOR of Audiovisual Serv ices . To Crabbing, fishing, swimming are part of ------ZiP----- provi de audiovisua l serv ices and to develop Gulfside's aquatic activities. For more infor­ and ma intain audio and visual resou rces mation contact: Executive Director, Gulfside programs to meet the educational and Methodist Assembly, Waveland , MS 39S76, MAIL TO: NEW WORLD OUTLOOK - Magazine Circulation cultivation needs of the total board . or call: (601 /467-4909). Service Center 7820 Reading Road Cincinnati. Ohio 45237

46 [110] New World Outlook • February 1985 Now the United Methodist Development Fund is offering Individual Retirement Accounts that work for your Church while working for you. Your money • builds churches • builds your fortune •cuts your 1984 taxes. Send for more information about this new opportunity to do something concrete for the future of United Methodism while earning benefits for yourself.

Ms. Nova Langston UNITED METHODIST DEVELOPMENT FUND 475 Riverside Drive, Room 303-52 New York, N.Y. 10115

NAME ______ADDRESS ______

CITY ______STATE _ __ ZIP ___ _

PHONE ______~ The offering is made by Prospectus only limited to states where the fund is exempt or registered. Call collect or write fo r a free prospectus and further information. (Phone 212-870-3856) 70,000 trees planted on Haitian hillsides Over 850 refugees in new homes t hrough resettlement programs Over 30,000 seedlings grown by refugees in Somalia Thousands of acres of land reclaimed in Senegal Water flows into Kireni Vil' Food airlift to famine cone Seeds for planting for farm Giant luecaene tree seeds d Bio-gas production in hills Antigua Ecumenical Center Primary Health Care to Ja Improved agricultural prod Farm development in rural Primary health care trainin Tetracycline for cholera ep1 Low cost homes built for Guatemalan landless peasan Villages in India secure de African farmers receive training s1a Rural In stitute Ampicillin for famine-stricken chilt"ll"\eu Province in Ethiopia 1 70,000 trees planted on Haitian h ~!s_,1 Over 850 refugees in new homes tfirough resfient programs Over 30,000 seedlings grow r u . ~ S loi ur Thousands of acres of la eneg I Water flows into Kireni e Food airlift to famine co . ions ro· Kenya raw Seeds for planting for farmers in biq ~ e Giant luecaene tree seeds distribut 0

!~~~~a P~:~~:~~:al inc:~:~ of ~:plal r I µgram lirteUMCOR Primary Health Care to J c r r p at1 n n Improved agricultural prod ·via Farm development in rural area of Chile Primary health care training by extension cou rses for Hansen's Disease Workers Tetracycline for cholera epidemic in Maua Hospital Low cost homes built for people interest-free in Peru Guatemalan landless peasants acquire cooperative farms Villages in India secu re development loans from government of India African farmers receive training in Asia Rural Institute Ampicillin for famine .. stricken children in Shau Province in Ethiopia

United Methodist Committee on Relief/General Board of Global Ministries