DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations 'RANDOM MURDER BY TECHNOLOGY': THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND BIOMEDICAL EXPERTS IN THE ANTI-NUCLEAR MOVEMENT, 1969 - 1992 LISA A. RUMIEL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY YORK UNIVERSITY, TORONTO, ONTARIO AUGUST 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-54104-3 Our file Notre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-54104-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1*1 Canada Random Murder by Technology: The Role of Scientific and Biomedical Experts in the Anti-Nuclear Movement, 1969 -1992 By Lisa A. Rumiel a dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of York University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY © 2009 Permission has been granted to: a) YORK UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES to lend or sell copies of this dissertation in paper, microform or electronic formats, and b) LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA to reproduce, lend, distribute, or sell copies of this dissertation anywhere in the world in microform, paper or electronic formats and to authorize or procure the reproduction, loan, distribution or sale of copies of this dissertation anywhere in the world in micro­ form, paper or electronic formats. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the dissertation nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the auHior's written permission. ABSTRACT 'RANDOM MURDER BY TECHNOLOGY': THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND BIOMEDICAL EXPERTS IN THE ANTI-NUCLEAR MOVEMENT, 1969 - 1992 By Lisa A. Rumiel This dissertation analyzes the work of activist-oriented American physicians and scientists in the late 1960s, assessing how they challenged policy makers to seriously address the risks associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons technology between 1969 and 1992. Specifically, this project focuses on the activities of Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR), International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), and Rosalie Bertell, who worked under the auspices of three organizations - the Ministry of Concern for Public Health (MCPH), the Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Research (JCSFR), and the International Institute of Concern for Public Health (IICPH). All of these non-profit organizations were founded during the third wave of the anti-nuclear movement - UCS in 1969, PSR in 1979, IPPNW in 1981, MCPH and JCSFR in 1978, and IICPH in 1983. They fit neatly into sociologist, Scott Frickel's definition of "public interest science organizations," which are "distinguished by their explicit mission to seek ways to use science for the benefit of the public and by their connections to political movements." As well, the scientific and technological concerns of each of these organizations were all somehow related to the iv public health and/or environmental consequences of nuclear technology. The dissertation argues that the pre-existing hierarchy in the sciences (where physics and engineering were favoured over 'softer' sciences like medicine and epidemiology), the ways that gender ideology shaped the practice of science, and the tendency of the nuclear bureaucracy and the American media to feminize the work of social activists uniquely influenced the approach to activism within each of these groups. These same factors (as well as the relative size of each organization) structured the evolution of each group's understanding of nuclear risks. v DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the two loves of my life, Matthew and Ellie Sloan VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing a dissertation is hard work, but I was very lucky to have had the unending support of a long list of people, who made completing this project possible. I would like to thank some of them here. My committee members all made very significant contributions to this dissertation. Marlene Shore and Kathryn McPherson have been a constant source of encouragement and inspiration. At a crucial time in my writing, Marlene stepped up her duties as a committee member and played the role of stand-in supervisor, carefully reading and commenting on multiple chapters and emails. Kathryn gave me a run for my money in the final stages of this project, asking me the re-write my introduction more times than I care to recall here. The final product offers a much clearer map of the central themes and questions that are explored in this thesis and I am very grateful for her guidance and patience during that time. It is difficult to put into words how much Georgina Feldberg's supervisory role on this project means to me. From taking me under her wing during the first year of my PhD as I struggled to understand the history of medicine, to reading and commenting on multiple drafts of my thesis, to finding me research work when I was broke, to hooking me up with people to stay with when I was doing research in Cambridge, to giving me her daughter's old baby clothes, Gina has been the best supervisor that I could ever ask for. Even as she has struggled with this horrible illness over the last three years, Gina has continued to be a huge support and in vii the final stages she pushed me to sharpen my analysis when I was desperate to throw caution to the wind and just hand the dissertation in. I am particularly grateful for this. I must also acknowledge the financial support of the Associated Medical Services and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, which made it possible for me to work on this dissertation without taking on too many extra jobs. I am also grateful to the Women's History Reading Group, the now-defunct Organizations Reading Group, attendees of the New Frontiers in Graduate History Conference, members of Canadian Society for the History of Medicine, the European Association for the History of Medicine, and the History of Science Society, where I tried out my ideas and received encouragement and feedback on early drafts of my chapters. I have also benefitted greatly from the lively discussions I have had with my students over the past 6 years, particularly those who took Medicine and North America in Historical Perspective. York University's History Department has been a wonderful place to make myself an intellectual home over the past 7 plus years. Professors Molly Ladd-Taylor, Christopher Armstrong, Bettina Bradbury, Craig Heron, Marlene Shore, Marcel Martel, and Marc Egnal all played a critical role in teaching me how to write about and interpret the past. Marlene Shore, Bettina Bradbury, Stephen Brooke, Marcel Martel, Anne Rubenstein, and Carolyn Podruchny each took their turn as Graduate Director during my time at York and they have all been equally supportive and kind. I am also very grateful viii to Myra Rutherdale, who was a great boss during my final year and who serves as an inspiration for the kind of historian I one day hope to become. Everyone who is a member of the Graduate Program in History knows that Lisa Hoffman is the glue that holds us together! I appreciate very much the generosity that Lisa has shown to me over the years. Special thanks also go to Michelle Murphy at the University of Toronto, who agreed to direct a reading course in the History of Gender and Health for me during my first year. My discussions with Michelle and the books she had me read were pivotal in shaping my dissertation project and, indeed, my thinking about the history of science, gender, and medicine. There are also several graduate students I met at York whose friendships I value a great deal. Dr. Christine Grandy, Dr. Tarah Brookfield, Dr. David Mizener, Dr. Sarah Glassford, Dr. Sean Kheraj, Mark Abraham, Chris Dooley, Eva Kater, Dr. Eric Strikwerda, Dr. Ian Hesketh, Ian Mosby, Heather Steele, Jenny Ellison, Laura Godsoe, Natalie Gravelle, and Shannon Stettner have been great colleagues. In particular, Dr. Kristin Burnett and Dr. Julia Lalande were always there to listen to my daily rants about dissertation research and writing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE NATIONAL FORUM the National CFIDS Foundation
    THE NATIONAL FORUM The National CFIDS Foundation Vol. 27, No. 1 – Summer 2021 NCF ANNOUNCES NEW GRANT RECIPIENT By Alan Cocchetto, NCF Medical Director April 22, 2021 – Copyright 2021 The National CFIDS Foundation is pleased to announce their latest research grant recipient, Dr. Jack Wands. Dr. Wands is a Professor of Gastroenterology and Medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Wands' proposal which is titled, “Aspartate asparaginyl beta- hydroxylase (ASPH) as an etiologic factor in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)” has received $65,000 from the National CFIDS Foundation. Dr. Wands has over 600 peer-reviewed medical journal articles in publication. According to the Foundation, there is evidence that ASPH may be accumulating in the cells of CFS patients. As such, this can dramatically impact the body's response to oxidative stress and hypoxia. Wands has planned both in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies in an attempt to understand the upregulation of ASPH on cell migration and signaling through various cellular pathways following exposure to an oxidative injury. Wands will also be comparing CFS patient samples with those of hepatic cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue. In addition, Wands has evidence that ASPH overexpression may be a risk factor for the early development of cancer which may be associated with CFS before the disease becomes clinically apparent or in other words, CFS as a pre-malignancy. Wands has observed this in pancreatic cancer patients. This is of importance since the National Cancer Institute has previously reported that CFS has been associated with increases in pancreatic cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Ronald Reagan, SDI, and the Nuclear Freeze: Reordering the Ethics of Mass Destruction
    Ronald Reagan, SDI, and the Nuclear Freeze: Reordering the Ethics of Mass Destruction A Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of History Jacqueline Jones, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Joseph Brown July 2008 Copyright by Joseph Brown July 2008 ABSTRACT Ronald Reagan, SDI, and the Nuclear Freeze: Reordering the Ethics of Mass Destruction A master’s thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts by Joseph Brown By proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), Ronald Reagan co-opted the rhetoric of the nuclear freeze movement and reversed the relationship that had previously existed between himself and his anti-nuclear opponents. Prior to Reagan’s announcement of SDI, the nuclear freeze movement played the role of the ethically principled critic, denouncing Reagan for perpetuating the nuclear arms race and the policy of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). By adopting a proposal for space-based missile defenses, Reagan took on the role of the peace-loving nuclear critic. The Strategic Defense Initiative eclipsed the ethical appeals of the nuclear freeze movement, promising the eventual abolition of nuclear weapons. Ironically, the nuclear freeze movement found itself promoting MAD, because its own proposal to halt the arms race would do nothing to change the dynamic of offensive nuclear deterrence between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although Reagan openly advocated the expansion of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, he was able to justify his strategic modernization plan as a temporary measure, necessary to preserve America’s security until his missile shield could be put in place.
    [Show full text]
  • Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition
    Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Williams, Peter King. 2010. Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition. Master's thesis, Harvard University, Extension School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37367548 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition Peter Williams A Thesis in the Field of History for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University May 2010 © 2010 Peter Williams Abstract This study examines the scientific advocacy that shaped President Carter’s April 1977 policy decision to block the domestic implementation of so-called “plutonium economy” technologies, and thereby mandate the use of an “open” or “once–through” fuel cycle for U.S. nuclear power reactors. This policy transition was controversial, causing friction with U.S. allies, with the nuclear power industry, and with Congress. Early in his presidential campaign, Carter criticized the excessive federal financial commitment to developing plutonium-based reactors and adopted the view that the weapons proliferation risks of plutonium economy technologies were serious and needed to be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctor Strangelove
    A PPENDI C ES Feature Film Study: Doctor Strangelove Doctor Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Dir. Stanley Kubrick, USA, 1964. Comedy/Satire. Classification PG. 95 min. DVD, Columbia. Historical Themes/Topics War and peace in the 20th century: Cold War, nuclear arms race, atomic energy, social values and climate of 1960s Historical Context According to many historians, rapid advances in science and technology during the 20th century have contributed to making it one of the most destructive eras in world history. Arguably, in a bare-bones approach, history can be characterized as a continuing series of violent attacks between groups of humans. Typically, war is studied in terms of geographic and political realignments. However, something happened to warfare in the 20th century that has changed our collective understanding of war and peace in western societ y. The ability to understand and harness atomic energy is characteristic of the advancements in science and technology in the 20th century. It reflects the attempt among modern scientists to understand the smallest particles that are the building blocks of matter, whether in particle physics, microbiology, genetic research, or the development of the microchip. The development of the atomic bomb allowed humans to develop weapons of mass destruction. For the first time in history, human beings have the power to wipe out entire civilizations in seconds. At the same time, the increasing destructiveness of warfare is communicated with immediacy using modern Doctor Strangelove 133 communications technologies. The fact that mass communications include real images of real people suffering has played a role in developing a modern sensibility of the “other.” Faced with images of the destruction of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, North Americans saw children and families as well as whole neighbourhoods destroyed in the blink of an eye.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuclear Freeze Campaign and the Role of Organizers
    Week Three Reading Guide: The Nuclear Freeze campaign and the role of organizers The reading by Redekop has been replaced by a book review by Randall Forsberg, and the long rough- cut video interview of Forsberg has been replaced by a shorter, more focused one. We start the first day with a brief discussion of Gusterson’s second article, building on the previous long discussion of the first one. September 23, 2019 Gusterson, H. 1999, “Feminist Militarism,” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 22.2, 17; https://doi.org/10.1525/pol.1999.22.2.17 This article focuses on the feminist themes Gusterson touched on in his earlier one. He begins restating the essentialist position and its opposition by feminists via “social constructedness.” Second-wave feminism started with Simone de Beauvoir’s idea that gender is constructed (“One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman”) and extending to post-structuralist Judith Butler, for whom gender is a performance, potentially fluid, learned and practiced daily based on cultural norms and discourses. Gusterson is intrigued by the idea of feminist militarism as performance. “If we weren’t feminists when we went in [to the military], we were when we came out.” What was meant by this? How does the military culture described in the article reflect gender essentialism? On p. 22, Gusterson argues that the women’s movement and the peace movement “remake their mythic narratives… through the tropes of revitalization.” What does he mean by this? Do you agree or disagree? Why? Is feminist militarism feminist? Does your answer depend on whether you adopt essentialist or constructivist reasoning? Wittner, L.
    [Show full text]
  • It's Time to Expand Nuclear Power
    Intelligence Squared U.S. 1 01/23/2020 January 23, 2020 Ray Padgett | [email protected] Mark Satlof | [email protected] T: 718.522.7171 It’s Time to Expand Nuclear Power Guests: For the Motion: Kirsty Gogan, Daniel Poneman Against the Motion: Arjun Makhijani, Gregory Jaczko Moderator: John Donvan AUDIENCE RESULTS Before the debate: After the debate: 49% FOR 47% FOR 21% AGAINST 42% AGAINST 30% UNDECIDED 11% UNDECIDED Start Time: (00:00:00) John Donvan: We have a key note conversation because the topic relates to science. Would you please welcome to the stage Bill Nye, the science guy? [applause] Bill Nye: John, so good to see you! John Donvan: Great to see you. [applause] So, that was the appropriate level of applause, I think. Bill Nye: Wow! Intelligence Squared U.S. 2 01/23/2020 John Donvan: There was a really interesting story that relates to you and Intelligence Squared that I want to start with. Bill Nye: Ah, yes. Yes. John Donvan: And you were -- you have been, in the past, a member of our audience. You've been out there. And there was one particular debate that you attended, and an interesting thing happened. Pick it up from there. Bill Nye: So, I was at a debate about genetically-modified organisms, GMOs. And -- John Donvan: The resolution was: Genetically modified food -- Bill Nye: Is good or bad. Or was necessary. John Donvan: No. It was -- it was stated as an imperative: "Genetically-modified food." It was a sentence. Bill Nye: Ah, yes. John Donvan: Okay.
    [Show full text]
  • Ryflwl Enness Al Office REPORT on CRITICAL MASS CONFERENCE by Arnold Weissberg, October 16, 1978
    14 Charles Lane New York, N.Y. 10014 October 23, 1978 TO ORGANIZERS AND NATIONAL CO"ITTEE MEMBERS Dear Comrades, The attached report by Arnold Weissberg on the Critical Mass conference should be shared with comrades involved in antinuclear work. Information about activities around the Karen Silkwood week in November should be sent to The Militant. Comradely, ryflwl enness al Office REPORT ON CRITICAL MASS CONFERENCE by Arnold Weissberg, October 16, 1978 About 750 people turned out for the Critical Mass 78 conference in Washington D.C., October 6-8. Critical Mass is a Ralph Nader organization, started a couple of years ago, and it publishes a monthly newsletter called, Critical Mass. The head of Critical Mass, Richard Pollack, is an authoritative figure in the anti-nuclear movement. Pollack was a guest speaker at last spring's regional no-nukes conference in Tallahassee, Florida, and was a "resource person" at the I,ouisville conference in August. This was the moderate wing of the movement. The conference was dominated by environmental lawyers, 1obbyists, would-be congressional aides, past congressional aides, scientists, and "courtroom activists" from the kinds of groups that spend years litigating against nuclear plants. Most of them are foundation funded. There was almost no overlap that I noticed from the Mobilization for Survival conference in Des Moines, but there was a significant representation from the various alliances that met at Louisville. The registration fee was S15. It was an educational gathering rather than an action conference. There were several events of interest to us. We went assuming most of the conference would be one or another form of drumbeating for Jerry Brown for president.
    [Show full text]
  • Institute's History
    1 History of the Wisconsin Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies By Ian Harris, Dick Ringler, Kent Shifferd, and William Skelton The Wisconsin Institute for the Study of the future League of Nations that were War, Peace, and Global Cooperation, designed to outlaw war. now the Wisconsin Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, began in the early Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1980s, a period of considerable peace including those in the peace movement, activity in the United States.1 Most were early advocates for peace specifically, in response to the education. Peace societies came breakdown of arms control talks and together at world peace conventions, the saber rattling by President Ronald first of which took place in The Hague, Reagan, a worldwide peace movement Netherlands, on May 18, 1899, a day had emerged, focusing on the thereafter commemorated as peace day proliferation of nuclear weapons and and celebrated on campuses and the heightened tensions of the Cold schools throughout the United States. War. In addition, U.S. involvement in In Wisconsin, there was considerable Central America had spawned various resistance to the First World War by the “cells” of nonviolent activists across the German settlers who did not want the United States who demonstrated United States to enter into war against against military oppression in Latin their “fatherland.” Much of the America and sent peace delegations to opposition also came from socialists countries like Guatemala, El Salvador, opposed to fighting “a rich man‟s war.” and Nicaragua. In a broader historical After World War I, peace activists and context, however, the formation of the educators promoted “education for Wisconsin Institute also reflected trends international understanding,” whose in the fields of peace studies, peace purpose was to humanize different education, and peace research that had cultures around the world so that they developed during the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW TITLES in BIOETHICS Annual Cumulation Volume 20, 1994
    NATIONAL REFERENCE CENTER FOR BIOETHICS LITERATURE THE JOSEPH AND ROSE KENNEDY INSTITUTE OF ETHICS GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, DC 20057 NEW TITLES IN BIOETHICS Annual Cumulation Volume 20, 1994 (Includes Syllabus Exchange Catalog) Lucinda Fitch Huttlinger, Editor Gregory P. Cammett, Managing Editor ISSN 0361-6347 A NOTE TO OUR READERS . Funding for the purchase of the materials cited in NEW TITLES IN BIOETHICS was severely reduced in September 1994. We are grateful for your donations, as well as your recom­ mendations to your publishers to forward review copies to the Editor. In addition to being listed here, all English-language titles accepted for the collection will be considered for inclusion in the BIOETHICSLINE database, produced at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics under contract with the National Library of Medicine. Your efforts to support this publication and the dissemination of bioethics information in general are sincerely appreciated. NEW TITLES IN BIOETHICS is published four times Inquiries regarding NEW TITLES IN BIOETHICS per year (quarterly) by the National Reference Center should be addressed to: for Bioethics Literature, Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Gregory Cammett, Managing Editor Annual Cumulations are published in the following year (regarding subscriptions and claims) as separate publications. NEW TITLES IN BIOETHICS is a listing by subject of recent additions OR to the National Reference Center's collection. (The subject classification scheme is reproduced in full with Lucinda Fitch Huttlinger, Editor each issue; it can also be found at the end of the (regarding review copies, gifts, and exchanges) cumulated edition.) With the exception of syllabi listed NEW TITLES IN BIOETHICS as part of our Syllabus Exchange program, and docu­ National Reference Center for Bioethics ments in the section New Publications from the Ken­ Literature nedy Institute of Ethics, materials listed herein are not Kennedy Institute of Ethics available from the National Reference Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41822-5 — Seeing the Light: the Case for Nuclear Power in the 21St Century Scott L
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41822-5 — Seeing the Light: The Case for Nuclear Power in the 21st Century Scott L. Montgomery , Thomas Graham, Jr Index More Information Index Abalone Alliance, 191 in US, 190–193 acid mine drainage (AMD), 214 Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository acute radiation syndrome (ARS), 156–157 and, 216–217 AEC. See Atomic Energy Commission anxiety. See nuclear anxiety Africa. See also Ghana; South Africa; arms treaties. See Nuclear Non-Proliferation sub-Saharan Africa Treaty; nuclear weapons nuclear reactor construction in, 25 ARS. See acute radiation syndrome Agreed Framework Agreement, 330 Aston, Francis, 34–35 air pollution, 16–20. See also clean air laws atomic bombs. See nuclear weapons in China, 16–17, 263 atomic energy, 66. See also nuclear energy and WHO statistics on, 16–17 power under Clean Air Act, 17–18 Atomic Energy Act, 97, 104, 107–108, under clean air laws, 18 112–113, 301 from coal use, 4 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 38, 101–104 in developing countries, 17, 18–19 establishment history of, 104–107 from fossil fuels, 2 nuclear reactor design guidelines, 105–106 Great Killer Smog of 1952, 4 scientific community’s loss of confidence health risks from, 2 in, 104 in India, 17 Atomic Energy Research Establishment, 45 in Turkey, 266 atomic theory. See also radiation Akhromeyev, Sergei, 318 critical mass, 73 Alexievich, Svetlana, 159 half-life period in, 66 alpha radiation, 65, 119 isotopes in, 68 AMD. See acid mine drainage in nuclear weapons, 72–73 anti-nuclear movement neutrons in, 68, 69 in
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of Leo Goodman
    Leo Goodman A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress Prepared by Melinda K. Friend with the assistance of Andrew Passett, Sherralyn McCoy, Amanda Perkins, Brian McGuire, and Paul Colton Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1994 Contact information: http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss/address.html Text converted and initial EAD tagging provided by Apex Data Services, 1999 January; encoding completed by Manuscript Division, 1999 2004-12-07 converted from EAD 1.0 to EAD 2002 Collection Summary Title: Papers of Leo Goodman Span Dates: 1913-1982 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1937-1970) ID No.: MSS60665 Creator: Goodman, Leo, 1910-1982 Extent: 86,000 items; 249 containers plus 2 oversize plus 1 classified; 124 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: Labor union activist. Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, membership files, speeches and writings, subject files, appointment calendars, and other papers documenting Leo Goodman's career as a labor activist and lobbyist concerned with adequate and affordable housing and safety for workers in atomic energy, particularly as director, CIO National Housing Committee, and as secretary, AFL-CIO Atomic Energy Technical Committee. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. Names: Goodman, Leo, 1910-1982 Bogart, Lawrence Crago, George A. Goodman family Deverall, Richard L.-G. (Richard Lawrence-Grace), 1911- Foster, Ellery A. Jackson, Pat (Gardner) Johnsrud, Judith Ann Hays, 1931- Lorentz, Pare Monson, Astrid Monson, Donald S.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3: the Rise of the Antinuclear Power Movement: 1957 to 1989
    Chapter 3 THE RISE OF THE ANTINUCLEAR POWER MOVEMENT 1957 TO 1989 In this chapter I trace the development and circulation of antinuclear struggles of the last 40 years. What we will see is a pattern of new sectors of the class (e.g., women, native Americans, and Labor) joining the movement over the course of that long cycle of struggles. Those new sectors would remain autonomous, which would clearly place the movement within the autonomist Marxist model. Furthermore, it is precisely the widening of the class composition that has made the antinuclear movement the most successful social movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Although that widening has been impressive, as we will see in chapter 5, it did not go far enough, leaving out certain sectors of the class. Since its beginnings in the 1950s, opposition to the civilian nuclear power program has gone through three distinct phases of one cycle of struggles.(1) Phase 1 —1957 to 1967— was a period marked by sporadic opposition to specific nuclear plants. Phase 2 —1968 to 1975— was a period marked by a concern for the environmental impact of nuclear power plants, which led to a critique of all aspects of nuclear power. Moreover, the legal and the political systems were widely used to achieve demands. And Phase 3 —1977 to the present— has been a period marked by the use of direct action and civil disobedience by protesters whose goals have been to shut down all nuclear power plants. 3.1 The First Phase of the Struggles: 1957 to 1967 Opposition to nuclear energy first emerged shortly after the atomic bomb was built.
    [Show full text]