Introduction to Computers and the Windows Operating System

Introduction to Computers

Instructor: Heman Lee www.aeromaniacs.com/class

Jan 2012October 2001 This Course is for YOU!

• Basic components of the PC • Speak Computerese (Geek Language) • Use Mouse and Keyboard • Navigate Windows OS • Copy/Cut & Paste Concepts • Safely turn off and on

2 The ENIAC

• First Computer • Unveiled 1946 • $500,000 • 17,468 Vacuum Tubes • 8.5 X 3 X 80 feet

Electronic Numerical Integrator & Computer

3 Altair 8800 1975

Kit only BASIC Intel 8080 CPU 8 bit

MSAI 8080

4 The IBM PC 1981

. August 12th, 1982 . Cost $1665 with no drive. . 160 K single sided floppy drive optional . PC DOS OS . Intel 8080 4.77 MHz . RAM: 16K-640K . A complete system with monitor, floppy drive, printer would run about $3,000

5 Apple Macintosh 128K 1984

• GUI • Mouse • 1 Floppy 400K • $2,495

6 What is a Computer?

• Accepts/Inputs Data • Processes Data Computer • Output Data • Stores Data

7 Hardware vs Software

• Physical part of the  Information or application computer programs used by the • You can touch it computer.

 You can not touch it.

8 The Operating System

• User Interface • Host for applications • Manages Hardware (ie Memory, Keyboard, Mouse) • Interface to Computer Hardware

9 Computer Process

Input Output

Monitor Mouse

Windows

CPU

Keyboard Printer

10 What is a PC (personal computer)?

• Monitor (LCD) • System Unit • Motherboard • Hard Drive • Floppy Drive • CD-ROM/DVD • Keyboard and Mouse • Peripherals • OS • Software 11 The Motherboard

CPU

12 Hard Drive C:

13 RAM

• Random Access Memory • Tied to the CPU • Main or primary storage • Volatile • Temporary (Volatile) • Speed 400MHz (Speed of Light)

14 Hard Drive vs RAM

RAM Access Time 20 – 40 ms Access 20-60ns Transfer Rate: 70-100 KB/s Transfer 2-6 G/s

15 Removable Storage

• Floppy • CD • DVD • Flash • Portable HD

16 What is a Bit? 0 or 1 On or Off

17 A Byte In computer memory terms, the definition of a byte is a collection of eight bits.

0100 0010 = A 0100 0011 = B

18 Storage Size How much data?

Unit Abb. Size Equivalent Bit 1 bit Byte 8 bits 1 text character Kilobyte K 1,025 bytes 1/2 page of text Megabyte MB 1,048,576 bytes A novel Gigabyte GB 1,024 Megabytes An encyclopedia

A Picture file from a 5 M Pixel Camera ~ 2 MB 4 minutes of uncompressed video ~ 100 MB 2 pages in Office Word take up 50K 19 Media Size How much data?

Media Size Equivalent Floppy 1.44MB or 1,440K 50pWord Doc CD 700MB 300 Photos DVD 4.7GB 4,700MB 2,300 Photos 4G Flash 1,048,576 bytes 1,600 Photos 1TB (Tera) Hard 1,024 Gigabyte 500 hours of Drive video.

Peta 1015 , Exa 1018 , Zeta 10121 , Yolta 1024

20 Microsoft Windows OS

• Windows 95, 98, ME, XP, Vista,7 ? • Desktop and icons • Task bar • Start button • Built-in Programs (WordPad, Paint) • Internet Explorer Web Browser

21 The Mouse

• Left Button Only • Click • Drag • Double-Click • Right-Button (Shortcut Menu) • Scroll Button

22 Mouse Alternative • Trackball • Touchpad • Drawing Pad

23 QWERTY KEYBOARD

Print Screen Back when Help Key Refresh to Clipboard screens was green

NumLock On Windows Application Text Editing Numeric Key Key Navigation Keypad

24 Before you turn on your PC

• Before starting your computer make sure you do not have a meda, Floppy, CD, Flash Drive, etc in the drive. • Turn on the Monitor. • If this does not happen, check the led light which is usually on the lower corner of the monitor unit.

25 Problems: Black or Blue

• If computer was shut improperly, you may see a screen saying Windows would like to check your files for errors. • If you get a black or blue screen, the computer may not have been shutdown properly. Try to continue by pressing Enter for Normal Boot.

26 How to power up you PC (Booting)

1. Turn on the monitor 2. Turn on any peripherals attached to you computer’s system unit. 3. Locate the power bottom on the computer’s system unit. 4. Press it once.

How to Power Up your PC (Booting)

28 29 The Start Menu

30 Shutting down your computer

• Windows is very finicky about being shut down properly (do not just shut the power off) • Move your cursor to start button and click • Click on Shutdown • Sometime Windows will install updated during shutdown, so be patient and wait for the screen to turn black.

Laptops: Closing the lid will put the computer to sleep. You can change this action in your Control Panel>Power Option setting.

31 XP Shutdown

32 Vista Shutdown

33 Windows 7 Shutdown

Windows 7 Shutdown The Vista shutdown debacle is now fixed with Windows 7. Not only is it fixed, it is even better. You can custom what the button does with a simple right-click to launch the properties menu.

34 Restarting your computer

• Sometimes your computer will start doing funny things or your mouse will stop working • Try ALT + CTL + DELETE • If you see a program is not responding, you can try to highlight that program and press the “End Task” button. • If nothing happens try ALT + CTL + DELETE again. This will restart your computer

35 Mouse • Pointing device that moves pointer or cursor • Point and click (tip of the arrow is the point) • Left and right buttons • Start programs - 2 clicks • Highlight text (click and drag) • Practice makes perfect

36 Mouse Arrow

• Arrow • Busy • Text • Double arrow • Hand (Panning)

37 Scrolling pages

• Mouse – Click on up and down arrows or – Click on top of and below that darker box without touching the box or – Click and drag the darker box • Keyboard (make sure cursor is on page by clicking on empty space) – Use arrow keys – Use page up, page down, home and end

38 Opening Programs

• If on desktop as icon, double click on icon. If does not open press “Enter” key. • Click on “Start” button, Move cursor up to “Programs”. After menu on the right appears move cursor over to menu and up or down to required program. Click on program • If program has been minimized and appears on task bar, click on square representing program.

39 Closing programs

• Click on the X icon in the top right hand corner of the window or • Put your cursor on File in menu bar and click, then move cursor down the drop-down menu to the bottom to word “Quit” or “Exit” or “Close”. Click on the word or • Hold down the Alt key and press F4.

40 Windows Controls

Minimize Maximize/Restore Window (Full Scrn/Not FS) Close Program

41 WHAT IS A WINDOW

Title bar

Menu bar Tool bar

Status bar

42 Using Menu Bars

• All Windows programs have a menu bar and everything you can do with that program will be available from one of the drop-down menus

• Place tip of the cursor on the word in Menu bar and click. Move cursor down drop-down menu to selection you want to perform and click.

• If item has an arrow pointing to the right move cursor to the right to see the submenu with more options.

43 Drop Down Menu

With a sub-menu or cascading menu

44 List Box Look for the triangle to launch a List Box menu. Menu

Menu The menu appear in the direction of the arrow.

45 Buttons

New Help Button

Toggle

Works like a switch (on or off)

46 Radio Buttons

Select Only 1 choice

47 Check Box Buttons

• More than one answer or choices Steak Potatoes Dessert

48 Menu items common to most Windows programs • File (includes New file, Open file, Save and Print) • Edit (includes Find and Cut, Copy and Paste) • View (allows you to change the look of screen by adding and subtracting bars like tool bar) • Tool Bar (most programs but program specific) • F1 Help used to give help in program’s functions and gives version number (About) The File Menu is a legacy menu on Windows 7 The ALT key will display it temporarily.

49 Cut/Copy and Paste (Drag)

1. Select the text or object. 2. Click on the selected area and drag it to another place in the document. 3. The mouse arrow will show a box next to it. 4. Let go of the mouse button.

50 Paste Context Sensitive Choice

When Copy or Cut is performed correctly, the computer knows this. The only choices left are in bold while the other choices are dimmed out.

51 Cut/Copy and Paste (Menu Bar Method)

Window 7 1. Move cursor to Edit in Menu bar and select Copy or Cut ( is a Move) 2. Move the cursor to the area of the document or file where you would like to put the text and click. 3. Move cursor to Edit in Menu bar and select Paste

52 Using Tool Bars

New Open Save Print Copy Paste

• Icons which represent most frequently used actions. Look at the picture, it tells you what it does or mouse over it.

53 Cut, Copy & Paste

1. Drag and Drop No memorization required Require excellent mouse skills 2. On the Edit or Clipboard Menu No memorization require, just look for it on the menu. 3. Use Keyboard Shortcuts. Ctrl+C for Copy; Ctri+X for Cut Ctrl+V for Paste

54 Files & Folders

Hard Drive Folder File

55 Continue to Windows Skill2 or Windows 7 Basic Course