Semantic Relations. Theory and Applications 18 May 2010
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A Study of Idiom Translation Strategies Between English and Chinese
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1691-1697, September 2013 © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.9.1691-1697 A Study of Idiom Translation Strategies between English and Chinese Lanchun Wang School of Foreign Languages, Qiongzhou University, Sanya 572022, China Shuo Wang School of Foreign Languages, Qiongzhou University, Sanya 572022, China Abstract—This paper, focusing on idiom translation methods and principles between English and Chinese, with the statement of different idiom definitions and the analysis of idiom characteristics and culture differences, studies the strategies on idiom translation, what kind of method should be used and what kind of principle should be followed as to get better idiom translations. Index Terms— idiom, translation, strategy, principle I. DEFINITIONS OF IDIOMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Idiom is a language in the formation of the unique and fixed expressions in the using process. As a language form, idioms has its own characteristic and patterns and used in high frequency whether in written language or oral language because idioms can convey a host of language and cultural information when people chat to each other. In some senses, idioms are the reflection of the environment, life, historical culture of the native speakers and are closely associated with their inner most spirit and feelings. They are commonly used in all types of languages, informal and formal. That is why the extent to which a person familiarizes himself with idioms is a mark of his or her command of language. Both English and Chinese are abundant in idioms. -
Experiments in Idiom Recognition
Experiments in Idiom Recognition Jing Peng and Anna Feldman Department of Computer Science Department of Linguistics Montclair State University Montclair, New Jersey, USA 07043 Abstract Some expressions can be ambiguous between idiomatic and literal interpretations depending on the context they occur in, e.g., sales hit the roof vs. hit the roof of the car. We present a novel method of classifying whether a given instance is literal or idiomatic, focusing on verb-noun constructions. We report state-of-the-art results on this task using an approach based on the hypothesis that the distributions of the contexts of the idiomatic phrases will be different from the contexts of the literal usages. We measure contexts by using projections of the words into vector space. For comparison, we implement Fazly et al. (2009)’s, Sporleder and Li (2009)’s, and Li and Sporleder (2010b)’s methods and apply them to our data. We provide experimental results validating the proposed techniques. 1 Introduction Researchers have been investigating idioms and their properties for many years. According to traditional approaches, an idiom is — in its simplest form— a string of two or more words for which meaning is not derived from the meanings of the individual words comprising that string (Swinney and Cutler, 1979). As such, the meaning of kick the bucket (‘die’) cannot be obtained by breaking down the idiom and an- alyzing the meanings of its constituent parts, to kick and the bucket. In addition to being influenced by the principle of compositionality, the traditional approaches are also influenced by theories of generative grammar (Flores, 1993; Langlotz, 2006) The properties that traditional approaches attribute to idiomatic expressions are also the properties that make them difficult for generative grammars to describe. -
Idioms-And-Expressions.Pdf
Idioms and Expressions by David Holmes A method for learning and remembering idioms and expressions I wrote this model as a teaching device during the time I was working in Bangkok, Thai- land, as a legal editor and language consultant, with one of the Big Four Legal and Tax companies, KPMG (during my afternoon job) after teaching at the university. When I had no legal documents to edit and no individual advising to do (which was quite frequently) I would sit at my desk, (like some old character out of a Charles Dickens’ novel) and prepare language materials to be used for helping professionals who had learned English as a second language—for even up to fifteen years in school—but who were still unable to follow a movie in English, understand the World News on TV, or converse in a colloquial style, because they’d never had a chance to hear and learn com- mon, everyday expressions such as, “It’s a done deal!” or “Drop whatever you’re doing.” Because misunderstandings of such idioms and expressions frequently caused miscom- munication between our management teams and foreign clients, I was asked to try to as- sist. I am happy to be able to share the materials that follow, such as they are, in the hope that they may be of some use and benefit to others. The simple teaching device I used was three-fold: 1. Make a note of an idiom/expression 2. Define and explain it in understandable words (including synonyms.) 3. Give at least three sample sentences to illustrate how the expression is used in context. -
Draft 5 for Printing
Jan Milí č of Kroměř íž and Emperor Charles IV: Preaching, Power, and the Church of Prague Eleanor Janega UCL Thesis Submitted for the degree of PhD in History 1 I, Eleanor Janega, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in my thesis. 2 Abstract During the second half of the fourteenth century Jan Milí č of Krom ěř íž became an active and popular preacher in Prague. The sermons which he delivered focused primarily on themes of reform, and called for a renewal within the church. Despite a sustained popularity with the lay populace of Prague, Milí č faced opposition to his practice from many individual members of the city’s clergy. Eventually he was the subject of twelve articles of accusation sent to the papal court of Avignon. Because of the hostility which Milí č faced, historians have most often written of him as a precursor to the Hussites. As a result he has been identified as an anti-establishment rabble-rouser and it has been assumed that he conducted his career in opposition to the court of the Emperor Charles IV. This thesis, over four body chapters, examines the careers of both Milí č and Charles and argues that instead of being enemies, the two men shared an amicable relationship. The first chapter examines Milí č’s career and will prove that he was well-connected to Charles and several members of his court. It will also examine the most common reasons given to argue that Charles and Milí č were at odds, and disprove them. -
Translation of Idiomatic Expressions Across Different Languages: a Study of the Effectiveness of Transsearch Stéphane Huet, Philippe Langlais
Translation of Idiomatic Expressions Across Different Languages: A Study of the Effectiveness of TransSearch Stéphane Huet, Philippe Langlais To cite this version: Stéphane Huet, Philippe Langlais. Translation of Idiomatic Expressions Across Different Languages: A Study of the Effectiveness of TransSearch. Amy Neustein and Judith A. Markowitz. Where Humans Meet Machines: Innovative Solutions to Knotty Natural Language Problems, Springer New York, pp.185-209, 2013. hal-02021924 HAL Id: hal-02021924 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02021924 Submitted on 16 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Translation of Idiomatic Expressions across Different Languages: A Study of the Effectiveness of TRANSSEARCH Stephane´ Huet and Philippe Langlais Abstract This chapter presents a case study relating how a user of TRANSSEARCH, a translation spotter as well as a bilingual concordancer available over the Web, can use the tool for finding translations of idiomatic expressions. We show that by paying close attention to the queries made to the system, TRANSSEARCH can effectively identify a fair number of idiomatic expressions and their translations. For indicative purposes, we compare the translations identified by our application to those returned by GOOGLE TRANSLATE and conduct a survey of recent Computer- Assisted Translation tools with similar functionalities to TRANSSEARCH. -
Translating and Learning Quick Start Guide
Quick Start Guide Translating and Learning Contents ABBYY Lingvo x5 Main Window ..................................................................................3 Quick Lookup of Words and Phrases ......................................................................... 4 Lingvo.Pro Language Portal .......................................................................................6 Learning New Languages with ABBYY Lingvo Tutor x5 ............................................ 9 Grammar in ABBYY Lingvo x5 ..................................................................................14 Phrase Book with Sound ..........................................................................................16 Sample Letters ..........................................................................................................17 Illustrated Dictionary ................................................................................................18 Dictionaries ...............................................................................................................19 Keyboard Shortcuts ..................................................................................................32 Technical Support .....................................................................................................33 ABBYY Lingvo x5 Main Window Selects source Reverses Selects Closes language translation target language unpinned windows direction Enables/disables the “always on top” mode Selects bookshelf Shows current bookshelf List of words from -
The Denotative Meaning
================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 16:11 November 2016 ================================================================== Evaluating the Distinct Use of Meaning Relationship At Semantic Level Md. Rizwan, Ph.D. (JNU), MADE, CTE ================================================================== Abstract Semantics is a branch of linguistics which studies about the relationships between words and how the meanings are constructed and how we understand each other. It means the meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure. In a broader term, the semantics study the meaning in a language as well as anything created with language, and often make a distinction between meaning and concept. Meaning is a category of language and concept is the totality of real world knowledge about an item. It is possible to know the meaning of the word without knowing everything about the concept referred to by that meaning. Further, the meaning relationships are relations between concepts and meanings. The concept ‘school’ may, for example, be expressed by the terms or expressions ‘school’, ‘schoolhouse’ and ‘place for teaching’. The relation between ‘school’ and ‘schoolhouse’ is a (synonym) relation between two words, while the relation between ‘school’ and ‘place for teaching’ is a relation between a word and an expression or phrase. These relations between words are termed lexical relations. 'School' also means ‘a group of people who share common characteristics of outlook’, ‘a school of thought’. This is a homonym relation where two senses share the same word or expression as ‘school’. Synonyms and homonyms are not only relations between concepts, but are about concepts expressed with identical or with different signs. In this article some of the important dimensions of meaning relationships have been discussed and the examples have been drawn from English and also from Urdu, Hindi or Persian, in order to clear the distinctive use among the languages. -
Workshop Variation and Change in the Verb Phrase Book of Abstracts
Workshop Variation and Change in the Verb Phrase University of Oslo, 5–6 December 2019 Book of Abstracts Keynotes Elena Anagnostopoulou Datives, genitives and passives in the history of Greek Peter Petré Many people’s grammars, nobody’s grammar. Grammaticalization of auxiliary constructions as emergent in the community Thursday 5th December Tanja Mortelmans & Elena German Reflexive Constructions: an exploration into the diachronic Smirnova dimension Michelle Troberg From derived to lexically specified Result: Change in the French verb phrase Yela Schauwecker Resultative constructions in Medieval French as a contact phenomenon Dennis Wegner All roads lead to eventive past participles: on similarities and constrasts in the grammaticalisation of passive and perfect(ive) participles in Germanic and Romance Katarzyna Janic Auxiliary verb constructions Imola-Ágnes Farkas Variation and Change in the Romanian and Hungarian Verb Phrase Karin Harbusch & Gerard Verb frequency and verb placement in three Germanic languages: A Kempen diachronic corpus study Petr Biskup Grammaticalization of Prepositions in Slavic Anna Pompei From Verb-Particle Constructions to Prefixed Verbs: a diachronic perspective Friday 6th December Malka Rappaport Hovav Modern Hebrew in transit: the shift from a V-framed to an S-framed profile Kari Kinn & Ida Larsson Scandinavian argument shift in time and space Björn Lundquist & Maud On the subtle and ephemeral effects effects of reflexives on verb and subject Westendorp placement Guro Fløgstad Aspectual simplification in a normative source: The Perfect in Argentinian Spanish school grammars Datives, Genitives and passives in the history of Greek Elena Anagnostopoulou University of Crete Joint work with Christina Sevdali, Ulster University In this talk, I will compare the properties of dative and genitive objects in Classical vs. -
Meaningful Method Names
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Meaningful Method Names Doctoral dissertation by Einar W. Høst Submitted to the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Oslo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Computer Science November 2010 © Einar W. Høst, 2011 Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo No. 1044 ISSN 1501-7710 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Cover: Inger Sandved Anfinsen. Printed in Norway: AIT Oslo AS. Produced in co-operation with Unipub. The thesis is produced by Unipub merely in connection with the thesis defence. Kindly direct all inquiries regarding the thesis to the copyright holder or the unit which grants the doctorate. Abstract We build computer programs by creating named abstractions, aggregations of be- haviour that can be invoked by referring to the name alone. Abstractions can be nested, meaning we can construct new, more powerful abstractions that use more primitive abstractions. Thus we can start from tiny blocks of behaviour and build ar- bitrarily complex systems. For this to work, however, the abstractions must be sound — in other words, the names must suit the behaviour they represent. Otherwise our tower of abstractions will collapse. Hence we see the crucial importance of naming in programming. Despite this importance, programmers almost completely lack tools to assist them. The computer treats names as arbitrary, allowing for sloppy and inconsistent naming. -
From Idiom Variants to Open-Slot Idioms: Close-Ended and Open-Ended Variational Paradigms Ramon Marti Solano
From Idiom Variants to Open-Slot Idioms: Close-Ended and Open-Ended Variational Paradigms Ramon Marti Solano To cite this version: Ramon Marti Solano. From Idiom Variants to Open-Slot Idioms: Close-Ended and Open-Ended Variational Paradigms. Research on Phraseology across Continents, Vol. II, University of Bialystok Publishing House, pp.167-180, 2013. hal-00933011 HAL Id: hal-00933011 https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00933011 Submitted on 20 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. From idiom variants to open-slot idioms: close-ended and open-ended variational paradigms Ramón, MARTÍ SOLANO Université de Limoges France Abstract There is a cline between idiom variants and open-slot idioms in English: from blow a fuse/gasket in which the nominal constituent admits only a single substitution to wear your heart on your sleeve in which the noun group your heart is actually instantiated by a plethora of other nouns or noun groups making of this multi-word unit an open-slot idiom with an open-ended variational paradigm. Variation is regularly signalled in general dictionaries and in dictionaries of idioms by means of different typographical marks such as oblique strokes or commas or by including a note in the body of the article. -
SLIDE – a Sentiment Lexicon of Common Idioms
SLIDE – a Sentiment Lexicon of Common Idioms Charles Jochim, Francesca Bonin, Roy Bar-Haim, Noam Slonim IBM Research fcharlesj,[email protected], froybar,[email protected] Abstract Idiomatic expressions are problematic for most sentiment analysis approaches, which rely on words as the basic linguistic unit. Compositional solutions for phrase sentiment are not able to handle idioms correctly because their sentiment is not derived from the sentiment of the individual words. Previous work has explored the importance of idioms for sentiment analysis, but has not addressed the breadth of idiomatic expressions in English. In this paper we present an approach for collecting sentiment annotation of idiomatic multiword expressions using crowdsourcing. We collect 10 annotations for each idiom and the aggregated label is shown to have good agreement with expert annotations. We describe the resulting publicly available lexicon and how it captures sentiment strength and ambiguity. The Sentiment Lexicon of IDiomatic Expressions (SLIDE) is much larger than previous idiom lexicons. The lexicon includes 5,000 frequently occurring idioms, as estimated from a large English corpus. The idioms were selected from Wiktionary, and over 40% of them were labeled as sentiment-bearing. Keywords: Idiom, Lexicon, Sentiment Analysis 1. Introduction of magnitude larger than previous idiom sentiment lexi- cons and focuses specifically on the most frequently used Multiword expressions (MWE) are a key challenge in Natu- idioms.1 In creating this resource, we are somewhat ag- ral Language Processing (Sag et al., 2002). Among MWEs, nostic to the exact definition of idiom. We are more gener- idioms are often defined as non-compositional multiword ally interested in sentiment analysis that can handle MWEs. -
Research Report on Phonetics and Phonology of Sinhala
Research Report on Phonetics and Phonology of Sinhala Asanka Wasala and Kumudu Gamage Language Technology Research Laboratory, University of Colombo School of Computing, Sri Lanka. [email protected],[email protected] Abstract phonetics and phonology for improving the naturalness and intelligibility for our Sinhala TTS system. This report examines the major characteristics of Many researches have been carried out in the linguistic Sinhala language related to Phonetics and Phonology. domain regarding Sinhala phonetics and phonology. The main topics under study are Segmental and These researches cover both aspects of segmental and Supra-segmental sounds in Spoken Sinhala. The first suprasegmental features of spoken Sinhala. Some of part presents Sinhala Phonemic Inventory, which the themes elaborated in these researches are; Sinhala describes phonemes with their associated features and sound change-rules, Sinhala Prosody, Duration and phonotactics of Sinhala. Supra-segmental features like Stress, and Syllabification. Syllabification, Stress, Pitch and Intonation, followed In the domain of Sinhala Speech Processing, a by the procedure for letter to sound conversion are very little number of researches were reported and described in the latter part. most of them were carried out by undergraduates for The research on Syllabification leads to the their final year projects. Some restricted domain identification of set of rules for syllabifying a given Sinhala TTS systems developed by undergraduates are word. The syllabication algorithm achieved an already working in a number of domains. The study of accuracy of 99.95%. Due to the phonetic nature of the such projects laid the foundation for our project. Sinhala alphabet, the letter-to-phoneme mapping was However, an extensive research was done in all- easily done, however to produce the correct aspects of Sinhala Phonetics and Phonology; in order phonetized version of a word, some modifications identify the areas to be deeply concerned in developing were needed to be done.