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Inside ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 2.Indd THAI JOURNAL OF BOTANY 3 (2): 147-161. 2011. ªµ¦­µ¦¡§¬«µ­¦rÅ¥ 3 (2): 147-161. 2554. ªµ¤®¨µ®¨µ¥ °¨oª¥Å¤oÄ°»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª Diversity of Orchids in Thung Salaeng Luang National Park °o°¡¦ Áº°¨oµ¥1 ´¦´¥ Á·Â­­¦ª¥1, * ¨³ ­¤¦µ ­»¸2 ORPORN PHUEAKKHLAI1, CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY1, * & SOMRAN SUDDEE2 1 £µª·µ¡§¬«µ­¦r ³ª·¥µ«µ­¦r ¤®µª·¥µ¨´¥Á¬¦«µ­¦r »´¦ ¦»Á¡² 10900 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2 ­¶´µ®°¡¦¦Å¤o ­¶´ª·´¥µ¦°»¦´¬riµÅ¤o¨³¡´»r¡º ¦¤°»¥µÂ®nµ· ­´ªriµ ¨³¡´»r¡º »´¦ ¦»Á¡² 10900 2 The Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand ´¥n°. «¹¬µªµ¤®¨µ®¨µ¥ °¨oª¥Å¤oÄ°»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª ´ÊÂnÁº°¤¦µ¤ ¹´ªµ¤ ¡.«. 2550 ­¶¦ªÂ¨³ÁÈ´ª°¥nµÄ£µ­µ¤ 6 Á­oµ­¶¦ª ¦°¨»¤­´¤¡º 5 · ÅoÂn »n®oµ iµÁȦ´ iµ·Â¨o iµÁȦ´­¤Å¤o­ ¨³iµ·Á µÉ¶ ªµ¤­¼µ¦³´ ʶ³Á¨ 500-950 Á¤¦ ¡ 3 ª«r¥n°¥ 43 ­»¨ 79 · ª«r¥n°¥¸É¤¸¶ª·¤µ¸É­»º° Epidendroideae 70 · ¦°¨¤µº° Orchidoideae 8 · ¨³ Apostasioideae 1 · ­»¨¸É¤¸ ¶ª·¤µ¸É­»º° Dendrobium 16 · ¡¨oª¥Å¤o¸É´°¥¼nÄ­µ£µ¡¡º®µ¥µ 3 · ÅoÂn Á°ºÊ°Ê¶o (Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.) µ°´Êª (Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf.) ¨³ Á°ºÊ°¸Á­ºÊ°° (Pennilabium struthio Carr) ABSTRACT. Study on diversity of orchids in Thung Salaeng Luang National Park was conducted from January to December 2007. Field surveys and specimen collections were made along six routes representing five vegetation types at 500-950 m.s.l. of savanna, deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest and lower montane rain forest. Seventy-nine species with 43 genera and three subfamilies were identified. Subfamilies Epidendroideae, Orchidoideae and Apostasioideae are found 70, eight and one species, respectively. Dendrobium is the most common genus with 16 species. Three species are * Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 29 September 2011 Accepted: 25 October 2011 148 üśüíò ċëĆüÐÓôśāñ ČôÿÓâÿ treated as rare plants namely Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr., Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf. and Pennilabium struthio Carr. ¶­¶´: ªµ¤®¨µ®¨µ¥, ¨oª¥Å¤o, °»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª KEYWORDS: Diversity, Orchids, Thung Salaeng Luang National Park ¶ µ¦«¹¬µªµ¤®¨µ®¨µ¥ °¨oª¥Å¤oÄ¡ºÊ¸É ʸ Á¡°¦µÉº · ¶ª· ¨¬³µ­´ µ´ ¡ºª«r¨oª¥Å¤oĦ³Á«Å¥¤¸¦³¤µ ª·¥µ ·Áª«ª·¥µ ¶ª¦³µ¦ nªÁª¨µ 177 ­»¨ 1,133 · (Thaithong, 1999) Á} µ¦°°°Â¨³Á¨} ¨³­µ£µ¡ ɹ °¤o ¨¼ ª«r¸É¤¸¶ª·¤µ¸É­» °¦³Á«Å¥ ´¨nµª­µ¤µ¦¶ÅÄoÁ} o°¤¼¨Á¡·É¤Á·¤Ä®o ·Á}¦³¤µ¦o°¥¨³ 10 °¡º¤¸n°¨¶Á¨¸¥ ´Ã¦µ¦¡¦¦¡§¬µ· °¦³Á«Å¥ (vascular plants) ¤¸µ¦¦³µ¥¡´»r´ÊÂnÁ ¨³¥´Á}¦³Ã¥rn°°»¥µ² Äoµµ¦ °°»n¹Á ¦o° ­nªÄ®n¤¸·É¶Á·Ä ´µ¦¦´¡¥µ¦¡¦¦¡º ¨³ÄoÁ}ªµ £¼¤·£µÁ°Á¸¥³ª´°°Á¸¥Äo Ä{»´ µ¦°»¦´¬r¨oª¥Å¤o®µ¥µÂ¨³¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¡Ä ¨oª¥Å¤oÁ}¡º¨»n¤®¹É¸ÉÅo¦´ªµ¤­Ä¤µ ¡ºÊ¸É«¹¬µÄ®o°¥¼nĦ¦¤µ·n°Å ÁºÉ°µÁ}¡º¸É¤¸¤¼¨nµµÁ«¦¬· ¹¶Ä®o ¨oª¥Å¤oiµ °¦³Á«Å¥¤¸¶ª¨o°¥¨ ª·¸µ¦«¹¬µ ¹ÉÁ­¸É¥n°µ¦­¼¡´»r Ä ³Á¸¥ª´¥´ µ µ¦­¶¦ªÂ¨³«¬µ°¥¹ µ¨³Á°n ¥¸ ´ µ¦«Ê´ ¬µ¹ ¶® °Á ¡ºÊ¸É«¹¬µÁ}Á­oµ ªµ¤®¨µ®¨µ¥ °¨oª¥Å¤oÄ¡ºÊ¸ÉnµÇ ¹ ­¶¦ª (line transect) 6 Á­oµ­¶¦ª ÅoÂn Á}µ¦Á¡·É¤Á·¤ o°¤¼¨¡ºÊµ­¶®¦´¡ºª«r¸Ê Á­oµÊ¶Âní£µ ¦³¥³µ 10 ·Ã¨Á¤¦ Ä®o¤¸ªµ¤­¤¼¦r¤µ ¹Ê Á­oµ®nª¥¡·´¬r°»¥µÂ®nµ·¸É ­¨. 8 °»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª ´Ê°¥¼nÄÁ (®°Â¤nµ) ¦³¥³µ 3.5 ·Ã¨Á¤¦ Á­oµ Áº°Á µÁ¡¦¼¦r ¤¸¡ºÊ¸É¦°¨»¤´®ª´ ­n°­´ªr ¦³¥³µ 5.5 ·Ã¨Á¤¦ Á­oµ ¡·¬»Ã¨Â¨³´®ª´Á¡¦¼¦r Á}°»¥µ² »nµ¡µ ¦³¥³µ 14 ·Ã¨Á¤¦ Á­oµ ¸É¤¸­£µ¡£¼¤·¦³Á«Á}£¼Á µ­¼É¶ ­£µ¡¡ºÊ¸É Ânª´Ê¶Á¥È ¦³¥³µ 24.5 ·Ã¨Á¤¦ ¨³ ¤¨¸ ¬³­´ ¤¡´ º Âɸ µn ´ Á¹ ¡} ʺ ®É¸ ɹ Á­oµ»ní ¦³¥³µ 9 ·Ã¨Á¤¦ Ã¥ ¸É¤¸ªµ¤®¨µ®¨µ¥ °¡¦¦¡º­¼ ¦ª¤´Ê¡º °°­¶¦ªÂ¨³ÁȦª¦ª¤´ª°¥nµ¨oª¥Å¤o ª«¨r ª¥Å¤o o ª¥ªµ¤°o ¤­¤» ¦¼ µ¤¦¦¤µr · Ä£µ­µ¤Á» °º Á°¨³º 1 ¦Ê´ ÂÊ´ Án °º ¶Ä®o°»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª¤¸Â®¨n ¤¦µ¤¹´ªµ¤ ¡.«. 2550 Ã¥nµ¥£µ¡ n°Á¸É¥ª®¨µ¥Â®n Á}Á®»Ä®o·É¸É°¥¼nµ¤ Á¡ºÉ°´¹¨´¬³ª·­´¥ ·É¸É°¥¼n ¨´¬³Â¨³ ¦¦¤µ·¼¦ª ¹É¤¸¨¦³Ã¥¦n° ­¸ °° ¨³¨ ´¹ o°¤¼¨oµ·Áª«ª·¥µ ¨oª¥Å¤o ¶Ä®o¶ª¦³µ¦¨oª¥Å¤oÂn¨³ µ¦³µ¦ ¹É¦³°oª¥ ·iµ ·É¸É°¥¼n ·¨¨ µ{®µ´¨nµª ¹Á}¸É¤µ ° ¡·´¶Â®n ¨³ªµ¤­¼µ¦³´Ê¶³Á¨ ÓöāðúôāÐúôāñÑüÖÐôśöñďðśĎèüćæñāèČúŚÖÙāäăæćŚÖČùôÖúôöÖ 149 µ´Ê´¹ o°¤¼¨¨oª¥Å¤o ÅoÂn ¨´¬³ª·­´¥ (Santisuk et al., 2006) ¨oª¹¶´ª°¥nµ ¨´¬³µ­´µª·¥µµ¦³µ¦¸É³ ¡´»rŤo°Â¨³´ª°¥nµ¡´»rŤo®o¸ÉÅoµµ¦ Á¨¸É¥Â¨Å®¨´µ¶Á}´ª°¥nµ¡´»rŤo «¹¬µ¦´Ê¸Ê ÁȦ´¬µÅªoÁ}´ª°¥nµ¡´»rŤo °Â¨³/®¦º°´ª°¥nµ¡´»rŤo®o ¨³ÁÈ °oµ°·Ä¡·¡·£´r¡º £µª·µ¡§¬«µ­¦r ´ª°¥nµ¨oª¥Å¤oÄ®oÅo´ª°¥nµ¸É­¤¼¦r µ´Ê ³ª·¥µ«µ­¦ r ¤®µª·¥µ¨´¥Á¬¦«µ­¦ r ¶´ª°¥nµ¸ÉÅoµµ¦­¶¦ª¤µ«¹¬µ¨´¬³ ¨³ BKF µ­´µª·¥µÃ¥¨³Á°¸¥ Á¡ºÉ°¦³»ºÉ° ª·¥µ«µ­¦r¸É¼o° Ã¥Äo¦¼ª·µµ ¨µ¦«¹¬µ Á°­µ¦oµ°»¦¤ª·µ¡ºª«r¨oª¥Å¤o Án µµ¦­¶¦ªÂ¨³«¹¬µ¨oª¥Å¤Ä°o »¥µ Botanisk Tidsskrift (Seidenfaden, 1973a, ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª ´ÊÂnÁº°¤¦µ¤¹ 1975a), Dansk Botanisk Arkiv (Seidenfaden, ´ªµ¤ ¡.«. 2550 Ã¥µ¦­¶¦ªÂ¨³ÁÈ 1971, 1973b, 1975b, 1976, 1977, 1978a, ´ª°¥nµ¨oª¥Å¤oÄ£µ­µ¤ 6 Á­oµ­¶¦ª 1978b, 1979), Opera Botanica (Seidenfaden, ¦°¨»¤­´¤¡º 5 · ÅoÂn »n®oµ 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1992), Nordic (savanna) ªµ¤­¼µ¦³´Ê¶³Á¨ 700-850 Journal of Botany (Seidenfaden, 1981) ¨³ Á¤¦ iµÁȦ´ (deciduous dipterocarp forest) °ÇºÉ Á¸É ¥ª ¸É °o µ¦«´ ¬µ¹ µ°o ¦¤ª» µ¡· º ªµ¤­¼µ¦³´Ê¶³Á¨ 700-850 Á¤¦ ¨³Á¸¥Á¸¥´ª°¥nµ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¦³»·Â¨oª iµ·Â¨o (dry evergreen forest) ªµ¤­¼µ ´ ª°¥´ µn ¤É¸ ¸ °ªÉº ¥µ«µ­¦· r ¼ °o Áɸ ¦È ¬µ´ ¦³´ ¶³Á¨Ê 500-850 Á¤¦ µÁi ¦È ­¤Å¤´ ­o ŪoÄ®°¡¦¦Å¤o ¦¤°»¥µÂ®nµ· ­´ªriµ (pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest) ªµ¤­¼ ¨³¡´»r¡º (BKF) ¨³¡·¡·£´r¡º¦»Á¡ µ¦³´ ¶³Á¨Ê 900-950 Á¤¦ ¨³µi Á µ· ¶É ¦¤ª·µµ¦Á¬¦ (BK) ¡·¡·£´r¡º«µ­¦µ (lower montane rain forest) ªµ¤­¼µ¦³´ µ¦¥r­· ­»ª³¡´»r £µª·µ¡§¬«µ­¦r ʶ³Á¨ 900-950 Á¤¦ ¡¨oª¥Å¤o 3 ª«r¥n°¥ ³ª·¥µ«µ­¦r »¯µ¨¦r¤®µª·¥µ¨´¥ 43 ­¨» 79 · ĶªÁʸ ¨} ª¥Å¤o °o °µ«· ¥´ (BCU) ®°¡¦¦Å¤o ­ª¡§¬«µ­¦r­¤ÁÈ 53 · ¨oª¥Å¤o· 21 · ¨oª¥Å¤o¸ÉÁ}´Ê ¡¦³µÁoµ­·¦···Í °rµ¦­ª¡§¬«µ­¦r ¨oª¥Å¤o°·°µ«´¥Â¨³ ¹Ê®· 3 · ¨oª¥Å¤o (QBG) ¨³¡·¡·£´r¡º £µª·µ¸ªª·¥µ ¹Ê®· 1 · ¨³¨oª¥Å¤o­¦oµ°µ®µ¦Á° ³ª¥µ«µ­¦· r ¤®µª¥µ¨· ¥Á´ ¥Ä®¤¸ n µ´Ê ŤnÅo 1 · (µ¦µ¸É 1, £µ¡¸É 1-3) ¦ª¦ª¤ °¤o ¨Á¡¼ °¶¤µÂ­¨µ¦«Éº ¬µ¹ ÅÂo n °»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª¤¸ªµ¤ ºÉ°ª·¥µ«µ­¦r ºÉ°Å¥ ¨´¬³ª·­´¥ ·iµ ®¨µ®¨µ¥ °¨oª¥Å¤oÄ­´¤¡º´Ê 5 · ·Éɸ°¥¼n ¶ª¦³µ¦ nªÁª¨µ°°° ¸ÉÂnµ´ µ·¡Á¡µ³Ä­´¤¡ºÄ ¶ª­»¨Â¨³·¸É¡Ä¡ºÊ¸É«¹¬µ ¨³ ­´¤¡º®¹É ¨³µ·¡Ä­´¤¡º ¦ª­°­µ£µ¡¨oª¥Å¤oÂn¨³· 2 · ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¡Á¡µ³Äiµ·Â¨o ¤¸ 58 Ã¥°oµ°·µ¤µ¦¦³Á¤·­µ£µ¡¡º ° · Ķª¸ÊÁ}¨oª¥Å¤o°·°µ«´¥ 45 · IUCN Red List ¨³ Thailand Red Data: Plants ¨³¨ª¥Å¤o o · 13 · Ĩ¤¨n» ª¥Å¤o °o °µ«· ¥´ 150 üśüíò ċëĆüÐÓôśāñ ČôÿÓâÿ £µ¡¸É 1. ¨oª¥Å¤oÄ°»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª: . Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) P.F. Hunt; . Apostasia wallichii R. Br.; . Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.; . Biermannia ciliata (Ridl.) Garay; . Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb.f.; . B. haniffii Carr; . B. odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Hook.f.; . B. orientale Seidenf.; . Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.; . Cleisostoma subulatum Blume; . Coelogyne cumingii Lindl.; . C. trinervis Lindl.; . Cymbidium bicolor Lindl.; . C. ensifolium (L.) Sw. ÓöāðúôāÐúôāñÑüÖÐôśöñďðśĎèüćæñāèČúŚÖÙāäăæćŚÖČùôÖúôöÖ 151 £µ¡¸É 2. ¨oª¥Å¤oÄ°»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª: . Dendrobium acinaciforme Roxb.; . D. chrysotoxum Lindl.; . D. crystallinum Rchb.f.; . D. lindleyi Steud.; . D. parciflorum Rchb.f. ex Lindl.; . D. polyanthum Wall. ex Lindl.; . Eria discolor Lindl.; . Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh; . Habenaria chlorina C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.; . H. rhodocheila Hance; . Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf.; . Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf.; . Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L’Hér.) Blume; . Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f. 152 üśüíò ċëĆüÐÓôśāñ ČôÿÓâÿ £µ¡¸É 3. ¨oª¥Å¤oÄ°»¥µÂ®nµ·»n­¨®¨ª: . Pholidota imbricata Lindl.; . Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R. Sweet; . Pomatocalpa maculosum (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.; . Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume; . Sarcoglyphis mirabilis (Rchb.f.) Garay; . Spathoglottis affinis de Vriese; . Staurochilus fasciatus (Rchb.f.) Ridl.; . Tainia penangiana Hook.f.; . Thrixspermum acuminatissimum (Blume) Rchb.f.; . T. centipeda Lour.; . Trichotosia dasyphylla (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Kraenzl.; . T. pulvinata (Lindl.) Kraenzl.; . Tropidia pedunculata Blume; . Zeuxine nervosa (Wall. ex Lindl.) Benth. ex Trimen ÓöāðúôāÐúôāñÑüÖÐôśöñďðśĎèüćæñāèČúŚÖÙāäăæćŚÖČùôÖúôöÖ 153 Á¤ºÉ°¶Âµ¤­£µ¡·É¸É°¥¼n¡ªnµ ¨oª¥Å¤o ¨³Á°ºÊ°­¸° (Habenaria chlorina) ¸É¤´°¥¼nĨo¥° °¡ºÄ®o°µ«´¥ µ¤¡ºÊ¸ÉÁd ¨ª¥Å¤o o ¡Á¡µ³Äɸ µi Á µ· ¶É ¤ ¸ 2 · èn¨³¤¸Â­Â´ ¤¸ 42 · ¨³¡µ¤ Á¨} ª¥Å¤o °o °µ«· ¥´ °¥Ä¨n¼ ¥° °¡o Ä®º °µ«o ¥´ ¡Êº ¦É¸ ¤¦n ¤Â®¨· n ¶Ê ¤ ¸ 3 · ÅÂo n ­Ãµ· µ¤¡ºÊ¸É¦n¤Â¨³¤¸Â­Â­n°¹ 1 · ÅoÂn (Bulbophyllum clandestinum) Á°ºÊ°Ä·Éª Á°ºÊ° ®¤¼ (Dendrobium pachyglossum) ¨³ (Cleisostoma subulatum) ¨³Á°ºÊ°¸Á­ºÊ°° Á}¨oª¥Å¤o· ¹Ê·¸É¤¸Á«¬ÄŤo´¤ (Pennilabium struthio) Ĩ»n¤¨oª¥Å¤o· Á¤ºÉ° µ¤¡ºÊ¸É¦n¤Â¨³¤¸Â­Â­n°¹ 1 · ÅoÂn ¶Âµ¤­£µ¡·É¸É°¥¼n¡ªnµ ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É ¹Ê Á°ºÊ°Ê¶o (Calanthe cardioglossa) µ¤µ¥iµ·Â¨o¨³¤¸Â­Â´ ¤¸ 6 · ¨ª¥Å¤o o ¡Á¡µ³Äɸ µÁi ¦È ´ Á¨} ª¥Å¤o o ÅoÂn ªnµ®´ª¦¼ (Eulophia spectabilis) µ°´Êª °·°µ«´¥ ¤´°¥¼nµ¤oÁ®¸¥ µ¤¡ºÊ¸ÉÁdèn o°¥ (Habenaria dentata) µµ¥µ­o°¤ ¨³¤Â­Â¸ ´ ¤ ¸ 1 · ÅÂo n Á°°Â¦­ºÊ ¢¸ { (Peristylus lacertiferus) Á°ºÊ°¡¦oµª (Phaius (Dendrobium secundum) tankervilleae) Á°ºÊ°­¸¨µ (Tainia angustifolia) ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¡Ä­´¤¡º 2 · ´¨»n¤ ¨³Á°ºÊ°­¸¨µÁ®¨º° (Tainia penangiana) Åo ´ ¸Ê ¨ª¥Å¤o o ¡¸É Ä´Ê µi ¨· ¨³o µÁi ¦È ´ ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É ¹Ê·¸É¤¸Á«¬ÄŤo´¤µ¤ µ¤µ¥µi ¨· ¨³¤o ­­¸ °n ¹ ¨³µ¤ ¡ºÊ¸É¦n¤Â¨³¤¸Â­Â­n°¹ ¤¸ 6 · ÅoÂn ¡ºÊ¸ÉÁdèn¨³¤¸Â­Â´ ¤¸ 4 · ÅoÂn µ ä¥ (Apostasia wallichii) µ¶ ¡¦µ®¤» r (Acriopsis indica) µ°ªÊ´ (Pecteilis (Cymbidium ensifolium) Á°ºÊ°´«¦ (Disperis susannae) Á°°µ°ºÊ ¤o (Polystachya concreta) neilgherrensis) Á°ºÊ°·Ä´ª (Nervilia ¨³Á°ºÊ°·° µª (Tropidia pedunculata) crociformis) Á°ºÊ°·µ®´ªÄ (Zeuxine ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¡´ÊÄiµ·Â¨o¨³iµ·Á µ nervosa) ¨³Á°ºÊ°¨¸· (Gastrodia exilis) ɶ µ¤¡ºÊ¸É¦n¤¦·¤Â®¨nʶ¨³¤¸Â­Â­n°¹ ·®¨´­»¸ÊÁ}¨oª¥Å¤o·­¦oµ°µ®µ¦Á° ¤¸ 4 · ÅoÂn ­·Ã¦ª° (Bulbophyllum ŤnÅo ¨³¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¡µ¤¡ºÊ¸É¦n¤¦·¤Â®¨nʶ orientale) { (Habenaria rhodocheila) ¤¸ 1 · ÅoÂn ªnµ» (Spathoglottis plicata) µµn° (Kingidium deliciosum) ¨³­µ¤o°¤ ¨oª¥Å¤o¸É¡Á¡µ³ÄiµÁȦ´­¤Å¤o­ (Trichotosia dasyphylla) µ¤¡ºÊ¸ÉÁdèn¨³¤¸Â­Â´
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