Fysikkens Historiske Steder I København

Home , Bredgade, Copenhagen Fire of 1728, Niels Bohr Institute

En guide til fysikkens historiske steder i København

A guide to historical sites of physics in Copenhagen

Fysik Tur Physics Tour Kort fra Danmarks Miljøportal 13 17 14 9 6 12 2 7 8 11 15 4 16 3 5 10 1 NIELS BOHR Niels Bohr (1885-1862), berømt dansk fysiker, som fik nobelprisen for sin atommodel og gjorde revolutionerende opdagelser inden for kvantemekanikken.

Niels Bohr (1885-1862) was a famous Danish physicist who received the Nobel Prize for his atomic model and made revolution- ary discoveries in quantum mechanics.

HANS CHRISTIAN ØRSTED Den danske fysiker Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851) opdagede i 1820 elektromagnetismen.

The Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851) discovered electromagnetism in 1820.

OLE RØMER Ole Rømer (1644-1710) var en dansk astronom, der især hu- skes for sin opdagelse af lysets endelige hastighed.

Ole Rømer (1644-1710) was a Danish astronomer who is especially remembered for his discovery of light’s finite speed.

NIELS STENSEN Niels Stensen (1638-1686) var en dansk anatom og videnskabs- mand som grundlagde palæontologien og geologien og gjorde vigtige opdagelser inden for anatomien.

Niels Stensen (1638-1686) was a Danish anatomist and scientist who founded palaeontology and geology and made important discoveries in the field of anatomy.

TYCHO BRAHE Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), dansk astronom. Så 11. nov. 1572 en ny stjerne, Stella Nova. Grundlægger af den moderne obser- verende astronomi.

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), Danish astronomer. On 11th November 1572 he saw a new star, Stella Nova. Founder of modern obser- vational astronomy. NIELS BOHRS BARNDOMSHJEM NIELS BOHR INSTITUTET NIELS BOHR’S CHILDHOOD HOME NIELS BOHR INSTITUTE

BREDGADE 62 BLEGDAMSVEJ 17 1 1260 KØBENHAVN K 2100 KØBENHAVN Ø 2

Niels Bohr’s father and mother, Christian The Niels Bohr Institute at Blegdamsvej 17 Bohr and Ellen Adler Bohr, moved with was created for Niels Bohr and inaugurat- I 1886 flyttede Niels Bohrs far og mor, their two oldest children, Jenny and Niels Niels Bohr Institutet på Blegdamsvej 17 ed in 1921 as the Institute for Theoretical Christian Bohr og Ellen Adler Bohr, med into Bredgade 62 in 1886, when Christian blev oprettet til Niels Bohr og indviet i Physics at the University of Copenhagen, ansatderes somto ældste lektor børn, på Fysiologisk Jenny og Niels Institut ind Bohr was appointed Associate Professor han1921 var som blevet Institut udnævnt for Teoretisk til professor. Fysik på five years after Niels Bohr was appointed vedi Bredgade Københavns 62, da Universitet. Christian BohrHuset blev på in the Department of Physiology at the Københavns Universitet - fem år efter, at professor. - University of Copenhagen. The house on atomets opbygning i tre artikler i 1913. Niels Bohr published his theory of the Bredgade 62 was Niels Bohr’s childhood Niels Bohr publicerede sin teori om structure of the atom in three articles in sinBredgade doktorgrad 62 var iNiels 1911. Bohrs Som barndoms barn gik home and he lived here until he received 1913. Niels Bohr’s pioneering atomic mod- hjem, og han boede her, til han modtog his doctorate in 1911. As a child, Niels sidenNiels Bohrsudgjort banebrydende grundlaget for atommodel vores forel broke radically with classical physics and Bohr attended Gammelholm Grammar ståelsebrød radikalt af atomerne med klassisk og for fysik,den kvante og har- has since formed the basis for our under- NielsI en Bohrbygning på bagGammelholm hjemmet låSkole, Christian som School, which was a few streets away from - standing of atoms and for the quantum lå nogle gader fra Bredgade 62. Bredgade 62. revolution. All information technology has Christian Bohr’s physiology laboratory mekaniske revolution. Al informations also grown out of Bohr’s discovery in 1913. Bohrs fysiologilaboratorium, og som- was located in a building behind the fam- teknologi er således vokset ud af Bohrs In 1922, Niels Bohr received the Nobel testuderende arbejde lykkedes undersøgte det Nielsham i Bohr 1907 her at ily home. Niels Bohr used this laboratory opdagelseHans arbejde i 1913. med I kernefysik1922 modtog i 30’erne Niels Prize in Physics for his work. opnåvæskers en guldmedaljeoverfladespænding. for en prisopgave Efter det as a student when he studied the surface varBohr indirekte Nobelprisen forudsætningen i fysik for sit for arbejde. atom- His work with nuclear physics in the 30s udskrevet af Det Kongelige Danske Vi- tension of liquids for a prize essay issued was the indirect prerequisite for the atomic by the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences bomb and Bohr was – like everyone else – and Letters. For this work he achieved a bomben, og Bohr var - som alle andre shocked to see what his work evolved into denskabelige Akademi. Denne opgave gold medal. arbejdederystet over han at utrætteligt se, hvad hans på at arbejde skabe and he worked tirelessly to create an open 1909blev tili Philosophical Niels Bohrs Transactions første publicerede of the This essay became Niels Bohr’s first pub- enudviklede åben dialog sig til, mellem og til alle sin verdens død i 1962 na- dialogue between all nations of the world Royalartikel, Society som blevof London udgivet på engelsk i lished article, which was published in Eng- tioner. until his death in 1962. - lish in 1909 in Philosophical Transactions of The institute has played an important role rimentelle arbejde. . Artiklen er den the Royal Society of London. The article is en bemærkelsesværdig rolle i internati- in international research since the 1920s eneste, der beskriver Bohrs eget ekspe the only one to describe Bohr’s own exper- onalInstituttet forskning har og siden været 1920’erne uformelt mødespillet- and has been an informal meeting place - imental work. sted for elitefysikere fra hele verden. for elite physicists from around the world. Huset på Bredgade 62 blev bygget - i The house on Bredgade 62 was built in In 1965, on the occasion of the 80th an- 1785 til Det KongeligeMedicinsk Kirurgiske Musei Aka- 1785 for the Royal Danish Academy of niversary of Niels Bohr’s birth, the institute ondemi,. og i 1948 blev det til medicinhi Surgery and in 1948 it became a museum I anledning af 80 årsdagen for Niels- was named after him. The Niels Bohr In- storisk museum, i dag of medical history, known today as the Bohrs fødsel fik instituttet i 1965 navn stitute is still an international centre for Medical Museion. medefter overham. 1000Niels ansatteBohr Institutet og studerende er sta physics with over 1000 employees and stu- spænderdig et internationalt undervisning center og for forskning fysik, og dents with teaching and research ranging - across particle physics, quantum physics, nanophysics, geophysics, biophysics and over partikelfysik, kvantefysik, nanofy astrophysics. sik, geofysik, biofysik og astrofysik. GEOLOGISK MUSEUM RUNDETÅRN GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM THE ROUND TOWER

ØSTER VOLDGADE 5-7 KØBMAGERGADE 52A 3 1350 KØBENHAVN K 1150 KØBENHAVN K 4

Det nuværende geologiske museum The current Geological Museum was The Round Tower was built in the years blev åbnet i 1893 og blev kaldt det mi- opened in 1893 and was originally called - 1637 to 1642 and is the oldest function- neralogiske museum. Samlingerne på the Mineralogical Museum. The collections rendeRundetårn observatorium. er bygget iDet årene blev 1637 bygget til ing observatory in Europe. It was commis- - of the Geological Museum have a long and 1642 og huser Europas ældste funge- sioned by Christian IV and the architect is skiftelig historie bag sig. Den ældste chequered history. The oldest object in the believed to have been Hans Van Steen- Geologisk Museum har en lang og om building is a 218 kg piece of wire silver yngreaf Christian eller måske IV, og arkitektenkongen selv. bag Observa formo- winckel the younger or perhaps the King from Norway, which was found in 1666. torietdes at skullevære Hans blandt Van andet Steenwinckel bruges til den at himself. The observatory was supposed blevudstillingsgenstand fundet i 1666. i Den huset stammer er et 218fra It originates from King Frederik III’s cab- iagttage og opdage kometer og til alma- to observe and discover comets and was kg tungt stykke trådsølv fra Norge, som inet of curiosities, which was one of the responsible for publishing almanacs. The var et af de første ’naturaliekabinetter’ first ‘natural history cabinets’ in Denmark. - Round Tower was the centre of Danish as- Kong Frederik IIIs kunstkammer,raritets somka- Natural history or curio cabinets were col- mi.nakudgivelse, Desuden håbede og Rundetårn man via varobservati i mere- tronomy for more than 200 years. In addi- binetter var samlinger af forunderlige lections of strange and rare natural history onerend 200 af stjernehimlen år centrum for at kunnedansk forbedreastrono tion, it was hoped that observations of the i Danmark. Naturalie- eller objects that were collected by princes and landets søfartsnavigation. Den første le- night sky would help improve the country’s som blev oprettet hos fyrster og frem- prominent citizens during the Renaissance maritime navigation. The first director of og sjældne naturhistoriske genstande, and were precursors for modern museums. - the observatory was Tycho Brahe’s pupil, slags forløbere for vore dages museer. The University of Copenhagen first ac- der af observatoriet blev Tycho Brahes- the then 80-year-old Christen Sørensen trædende borgere i renæssancen og en quired its own natural history collection, montanuselev, den på havde det tidspunkt forinden 80-årige foreslået Chri at Longomontanus. Longomontanus had Universi- The New Natural Theatre of the Universi- byggesten Sørensen et observatorium Longomontanus. på Valby Longo bakke previously proposed to build an observa- tetetsKøbenhavns Nye Naturaltheater Universitet fik først sin ty, in 1772. The collection has since been tory in Valby to avoid the city lights and blevegen samlingen naturhistoriske udvidet samling, og skiftede navn expanded and changed its name and ad- blev det af forskellige årsager besluttet smoke. , i 1772. Siden dress several times. The geological part of for at undgå byens lys og røg. Alligevel The observatory had its heyday under the - the museum got its own building in 1893 Observatoriet havde sin storhedstid direction of Ole Rømer, who was the Chief neralogiskog adresse Museumflere gange. sit egetDen husgeologiske i 1893 under the name the Mineralogical Muse- at bygge Rundetårn inden for voldene. - Observer from 1685 to 1710, and it expe- del af samlingen fik under navnet Mi um and became the Geological Museum - rienced a finalbloom from 1777 to 1815 - in 1876. In the collection are the zirconi- levedeunder Oleen Rømer,sidste blomstringsom var ledende fra 1777 ob under the direction of the mathematician og blev i 1976 til Geologisk Museum. I um rich Norwegian minerals, which were tilservatør 1815 fraunder 1685 matematiker til 1710, og Thomas det op Thomas Bugge. However, in the long run samlingen findes de zirkoniumrige nor used in 1922 by George de Hevesy and - the Round Tower’s location in the middle ske mineraler, som i 1922 blev brugt af Dirk Coster at the Niels Bohr Institute to liggenhed midt i København dog for of Copenhagen was too big a problem and George de Hevesy og Dirk Coster, da de identify element 72, Hafnium, Latin for Bugge. I længden blev Rundetårns be by the middle of 19th century was dilapi- latini deres for arbejde København. på Niels Bohr Institutet Copenhagen. århundrede var det forfaldent og utids- dated and obsolete. The observatory was identificerede grundstof 72, Hafnium,- The interior of the Geological Museum stort et problem, og i midten af det 19.- moved to Østervold in 1861 and in 1929 was decorated by the painter Oscar Mat- a ‘public observatory’ was set up on top of 1916.Geologisk På væggen Museum ved ertrappen dekoreret kan man ind thiesen in 1916. On the wall by the stairs mansvarende. i stedet Man et flyttede’folkeobservatorium’ i 1861 observa på the tower instead. The public observatory sevendigt en freske af maleraf den Oscardanske Matthiesen videnskabs - i you can see a fresco of the Danish scientist toppentoriet til af Østervold, tårnet. Folkeobservatoriet og i 1929 indrettede er is still open to the public on select days. Niels Stensen, also known as Steno. Under stadig i dag på udvalgte dage åbent for Steno. Under billedet står: Nicolau the picture reads: Nicolau Stenoni geolo- offentligheden. Stenonimand Niels geologiae Stensen, parenti også honoris kendt causa som giae parenti honoris causa –In honour of Niels Stensen, the father of geology. fader. – Til ære for Niels Stensen, geologiens NIELS STENSENS FØDESTED NIELS STENSEN’S BIRTHPLACE HANS CHRISTIAN ØRSTED HANS CHRISTIAN ØRSTED

KLAREBODERNE KØBMAGERGADE NØRREGADE 21 5 1115 KØBENHAVN K 1164 KØBENHAVN K 6

Niels Stensen, also known as Nicolaus Hans Christian Ørsted was the son of a Steno, was born in 1638 in a house near pharmacist from Rudkøbing on Lange- påNiels hjørnet Stensen, af Klareboderneogså kendt som og NicolausKøbma- the corner of Klareboderne and Køb- IHans 1793 Christian rejste han Ørsted til København var søn for af enat land. In 1793, he travelled to Copenhagen Steno, blev født i 1638 i et hus, som lå magergade. The house is not preserved, apoteker fra Rudkøbing på Langeland.- to study and he was exceptionally gifted. mindeplade med indskriften ”Her fød- but a commemorative plaque with the in- H.C. Ørsted was very interested in science, gergade. Huset er ikke bevaret, men en scription “The birthplace of Niels Stensen studere, og han var usædvanligt dyg but at that time neither physics nor chem- 1638-1686 Anatomist Geologist Bishop” hverkentig. H.C. Ørstedfysik eller var kemi meget som interesseret selvstæn- istry were separate subjects at the Univer- tes Niels Stensen 1638-1686 Anatom has been placed on a wall at the inter- digei naturvidenskab, fag ved Københavns men dengang Universitet. fandtes sity of Copenhagen. As a result, he studied guldsmedGeolog Biskop” og leverandør er sat op påtil Kongmuren Chri ved- section. His father, Steen Pedersen, was a pharmacy and passed his exam in 1797. krydset. Hans far, Steen Pedersen, var goldsmith and purveyor to King Christian sin eksamen i 1797. After study trips to Berlin and Paris, he IV. Stensen’s mother, Anna Nielsdatter, Han studerede derfor farmaci og bestod began to teach at the University of Co- overgikstian IV. tilStensens hende mor,efter AnnaSteen Nielsdatter, Pedersens helped run the business, which was passed penhagen in 1804 and in 1817 he was hjalp med at drive forretningen, som on to her after Steen Pedersen’s death in Efter studierejser til Berlin og Paris appointed professor of physics. In 1819, - 1645. hanbegyndte udnævnt han til i professor 1804 at undervise i fysik. I 1819 ved he moved into Nørregade 21, which also benhavnsdød i 1645. Universitet fra 1656 til 1659 After studying medicine for three years Københavns Universitet., og i 1817 blev housed the university’s physics and chem- Efter tre års studier i medicin ved Kø at the University of Copenhagen from1656 også rummede universitetets fysik- og istry laboratories. - to 1659, Stensen departed on a study tour kemilokaler.flyttede han ind i Nørregade 21, som All of his life H.C. Ørsted sought after the tog Stensen på studierejse i Europa, og- around Europe and completed his med- greater connections. He especially wanted dehan i fuldførtesin forholdsvis sit medicinstudie korte karriere ved somuni ical studies at the University of Leiden in større sammenhænge. Han ville især to know how the various forces of nature videnskabsmandversitetet i Leiden, en Holland. række Hanbanebry gjor- the Netherlands. In his relatively short ca- Hele sit liv søgte H.C. Ørsted efter de- were connected and as a physicist Ørsted dende opdagelser. I løbet af sit ophold reer as a scientist he made a number of was sure that there was a relationship be- i Holland opdagede han både tårekana- groundbreaking discoveries. During his gerne vide, hvordan naturens forskelli- tween the electric and the magnetic forces. stay in the Netherlands, he discovered both menhængge kræfter imellemer forbundet, de elektriske og som fysiker og de Before one of his lectures he decided that the tear duct and the duct of the parotid magnetiskevar Ørsted sikker kræfter. på, at der var en sam would try to demonstrate this relationship. desudenlen og ørespytkirtlens’geologiens fader’ udførselsgang, og er kendt gland, ”Stensen’s Duct”. Niels Stensen is Inden en af sine forelæsninger be- He would try to get a strong electric force som’Stensens grundlægger Gang’. Nielsaf palæontologien Stensen kaldes via also called the “Father of Geology” and - to influence a magnet. During this lecture studier af fossilerede hajtænder. Han bi- is known as the founder of palaeontology monstrere den sammenhæng. Han ville in 1820 he discovered electromagnetism drog også med vigtige opdagelser inden through the study of fossilized shark teeth. sluttede han, at han ville prøve at de in front of his students, which sent shock- for mineralogien. I 1667 konverterede He also contributed to discoveries in min- til at påvirke en magnet. Under denne waves through the scientific community. - eralogy. In 1667, he converted to Cathol- forsøge at få en stærk, elektrisk kraft- The building’s auditorium no longer ex- sættelse som professor i anatomi ved icism and after a brief appointment as a ists, but the present building on the site han til katolicismen og efter en kort an professor of anatomy at the University of forelæsning i 1820 opdagede han for bears the inscription: forlod han i 1675 endegyldigt naturvi- Copenhagen (1672-1674), he left science naturvidenskabeligean de studerende elektromagnetismen, forskningsverden. In a house at this location the physicist denskabenKøbenhavns og Universitet blev samme (1672-1674),år præsteviet for good in 1675 and in the same year he hvilket sendte chokbølger gennem den Hans Christian Ørsted discovered electro- was ordained priest in Florence. He was magnetism in the year 1820. Hannover og døde i 1686. later consecrated bishop of Hannover and bygningBygningens på stedet auditorium bærer indskriften: eksisterer i Firenze. Siden blev han også bispeviet i died in 1686. Iikke et hus længere, på dette men sted den opdagede nuværende fysikeren Hans Christian Ørsted elektromagnetismen i året 1820. POLYTEKNISK LÆREANSTALT COLLEGE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY OLE RØMER OLE RØMER

SØLVTORVET SØLVGADE 83 STORE KANNIKESTRÆDE 16 7 1307 KØBENHAVN K 1169 KØBENHAVN K 8

Danmarks The Polyteknisk Læreanstalt (College of Ole Rømer began his studies at the Uni- Tekniske Universitet Advanced Technology), today the Technical studier ved Københavns Universitet. versity of Copenhagen as an 18 year old. Polyteknisk læreanstalt, i dag - University of Denmark, was established in HerOle Rømerblev han begyndte assistent som for 18-årig professor sine He became an assistant to Professor Eras- , blev oprettet i 1829 in “union” with the University of Co- - mus Bartholin, who was instrumental in 1829 i ’union’ med Københavns Uni penhagen. This meant that physics, chem- miske observationer. I 1671 rejste han Rømer’s choice of astronomy as a focus of versitet. Det betød, at undervisningen -i istry and mathematics were taught jointly Erasmus Bartholin og lærte astrono- his studies. In 1671, he travelled to Paris, fysik, kemi og matematik var fælles, og and H.C. Ørsted, who was the rector of the liserede sig i mere og mere nøjagtige where he stayed for 9 years and specialised H.C. Ørsted, som var rektor for Polytek- Polyteknisk Læreanstalt, taught physics. til Paris, hvor han blev i 9 år og specia in more and more accurate measurements nisk Læreanstalt, underviste i fysik. The Læreanstalt had rooms in the univer- of the orbits of Jupiter’s moons and eclips- somLæreanstalten også rummede fik først ’Fysisk lokaler Samling’ i uni sity buildings in Studiestræde, which also målinger af Jupiters måners omløb og es. The observations led to his discovery in versitetets bygninger i Studiestræde,- housed the “Physical Collection”, and in formørkelser. Observationerne gjorde, 1776 that light does not disperse instan- havns Universitets kemilaboratorium Sct. Peders Stræde. The University of Co- at han i 1776 fandt frem til, at lyset ikke taneously, but has a specific, measurable isamt gården i Sct. mellem Peders de Stræde. to bygninger Også Køben blev penhagen’s chemistry laboratory in the kaldteudbreder det sigfor øjeblikkeligt,lysets tøven. men faktisk speed. He called this the hesitation of light. en del af rammerne for den nye under- courtyard between the two buildings was harI Paris en bestemt, blev han målbar optaget hastighed. ved det Hanfor- In Paris, he was accepted by the Académie visningsinstitution. Oprettelsen af Po- also part of the setting for the new educa- Royale des Sciences. In 1681, Rømer was tional institution. The establishment of the - summoned home to Denmark. He became Polyteknisk Læreanstalt was good news mark.nemme Han Académie blev kongens Royale desmatematiker Sciences. the Royal Mathematician and Professor of lyteknisk Læreanstalt var godt nyt for for physics, which was a rather neglected ogI 1681 professor blev Rømer i astronomi kaldt hjem ved tilKøben Dan- Astronomy at the University of Copenha- fysikken, som var et ret overset fag - et subject, a kind of add-on to the medical havns Universitet og dermed leder af gen and thus the head of the observatory slags appendiks til medicinstudiet. H.C.- school. H.C. Ørsted, who had been the - in the Round Tower. Rømer remained in Ørsted, som havde været leder af den head of the committee to establish the Denmark until his death and in this time komité, som skulle grundlægge Poly- Polyteknisk Læreanstalt, therefore played a observatoriet i Rundetårn. Rømer for- he managed to invent several important stændigteknisk Læreanstalt,position ved spillede Københavns derfor Uni en- major role in the field of physics gaining an blev i Danmark til sin død, og han nåede astronomical instruments, modernised versitet.stor rolle i, at fysikfaget nu fik en selv independent position at the University of i denne tid at opfinde flere vigtige astro the Danish weights and measures system, I 1890 blev den polytekniske lærean- Copenhagen. foregangsmandnomiske instrumenter, for Fahrenheits at effektivisere tempe- became a standard bearer for Fahrenheit’s In 1890, the Polyteknisk Læreanstalt det danske mål- og vægtsystem, at blive- temperature scale, built a private observa- moved from Studiestræde to Sølvgade 83, vatorium og at blive en betydningsfuld tory and became an important official. detstalt meste flyttet af fra sin Studiestræde tid som studerende. til Sølvgade Fra and it was here that Niels Bohr spent most embedsmand.raturskala, at få bygget et privat obser Here on Store Kannikestræde 16 is a 83, og det var her Niels Bohr tilbragte- of his time as a student. From 1912 to commemorative plaque for Ole Rømer 1920, the Polyteknisk Læreanstalt was also with the text: som1912 underviser til 1920 var og Polyteknisk fra 1916 som Lærean pro- Bohr’s workplace as a teacher and from ordlyden:Her på Store Kannikestræde 16 finder Here stood until 1728 the professorial stalt også Bohrs arbejdsplads – først 1916 as a professor of theoretical phys- Herman laa en indtilmindeplade 1728 den for professor-resi Ole Rømer med- residence where Ole Rømer, Professor of ics. The small room he had at his disposal, dens, hvor Ole Rømer professor i astro- Astronomy, Chief of Police for Copenha- fessor i teoretisk fysik. Det lille værelse, which he shared with his Dutch assistant nomi, politimester i København boede til gen, lived until his death, 19th of Septem- han havde til sin rådighed, og som han H. A. Kramers, was on the top floor over- sin død 19 September 1710. ber 1710. delte med sin hollandske assistent H. A. looking the Botanical Gardens. Kramers, lå på øverste etage med udsigt til Botanisk Have. H.C. ØRSTED NIELS BOHRS FØDESTED H.C. ØRSTED NIELS BOHR’S BIRTHPLACE

STUDIESTRÆDE 6 VED STRANDEN 14 9 1455 KØBENHAVN K 1061 KØBENHAVN K 10

- In 1801, H.C. Ørsted took his first study trip Niels Bohr was born here on the 7th Oc- dierejse til udlandet blandt andet for at abroad to pursue his studies in chemistry 1885 og boede de første par måneder af tober 1885 and lived in this house for the gennemføreI 1801 foretog studier H.C. Ørsted i kemi sin og førstefysik. I stu Pa- and physics. In Paris he visited the new- Niels Bohr blev født her d. 7. oktober first few months of his life. Ved Stranden ly created ”École Polytechnique”, which 14 was part of the stately ‘Gustmeyers at that time was a basic education in the sit liv i dette hus. Ved Stranden 14 var en Gård’ and Niels Bohr’s mother, Ellen Adler, varris besøgteen basisuddannelse han den nyoprettede i de naturvi ”École- natural sciences, mathematics, physics boededel af den her fornemme fra hun var ’Gustmeyers 13 år gammel Gård’ lived here from the age of 13 with her sib- Polytechnique”, som på det tidspunkt and chemistry for future engineers. The og Niels Bohrs mor, Ellen Adler Bohr,- lings and her parents, David Baruch Adler visit made a big impact on Ørsted, who and Jenny Adler. David Baruch Adler was denskabelige fag matematik, fysik og already had an interdisciplinary approach med sine søskende og sine forældre, Da an enterprising businessman, banker and tænkningkemi for kommende og i sit virke ingeniører. allerede Besøgetfokuse- in his thinking and in his work, including vid Baruch Adler og Jenny Adler. David politician and Ellen Adler Bohr’s sister, Han- gjorde stort indtryk på Ørsted, som i sin between the sciences and humanities. Baruch Adler var en driftig handels- og nah Adler, became on of Denmark’s first humanvidenskaberne imellem. Around the middle of the 1820s there enbankmand af Danmarks og politiker to første og kvindelige Ellen Adler fy- two female physicists in 1892. In 1893, rede på tværfaglighed, også natur- og were plans to create an advanced techni- sikere.Bohrs søster, I 1893 Hannah stiftede Adler, hun blevDanmarks i 1892 she founded Denmark’s first co-education- cal education in Copenhagen. H.C. Ørsted al school, H. Adler’s Coeducational School, håndværksuddannelseOmkring midten af 1820’erne i København. havde was the chairman for the committee re- - where boys and girls were taught together. man planer om at oprette en avanceret- sponsible for doing so and under Ørsted it lesskole.første fællesskole, hvor drenge og piger On the façade of the house is a com- was decided that the new institute should blev undervist sammen, H. Adlers Fæl memorative plaque with the inscription: H.C. Ørsted blev formand for den komi be based on the scientific and theoretical med indskriften: læreanstaltté, der skulle skulle stå for være arbejdet, videnskabeligt og under rather than practical. The school was called På husets facade findes en mindetavle “The nuclear physicist Niels Bohr ogØrsted teoretisk blev fremfor det besluttet, praktisk at funderet. den nye the Polyteknisk Læreanstalt (College of Ad- ”I dette hus fødtes atomfysikeren was born in this house 7.10.1885”. Polyteknisk Lærean- vanced Technology) and later changed its Niels Bohr 7.10.1885”. stalt og skiftede senere navn til Dan- name to the Technical University of Den- The plaque was unveiled in 1960 on the marksSkolen Tekniske fik navnet Universitet eller DTU mark or DTU (1994). H.C. Ørsted was Tavlen blev afsløret i 1960 i anledning occation of Niels Bohr’s 75th birthday. the rector from 1829-1851. From 1829 to 1890, the Polyteknisk Læreanstalt was lo- (1994). H.C. Ørsted var rektor fra 1829-- cated at Studiestræde 6, where Ørsted also af Niels Bohrs 75 års fødselsdag. 1851. Polyteknisk Læreanstalt lå fra lived from 1924 until his death. 1829 til 1890 i Studiestræde 6, hvor Ør At the entrance to the courtyard is a mar- ensted marmorplade selv boede fra med 1924 følgende og til sin tekst: død. ble plaque with the following text: HansVed indgangen Christian Örsted til gården boede finder her mansom Hans Christian Örsted lived here as a pro- professor ved universitetet fra october fessor at the university from October 1824 1824 til sin dödsdag den 9de marts 1851. to his death on the 9th March 1851. DET KONGELIGE DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKAB THE ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND LETTERS VOR FRUE KIRKE, OLE RØMER CHURCH OF OUR LADY, OLE RØMER

DANTES PLADS H.C. ANDERSENS BOULEVARD 35 VOR FRUE PLADS 11 1553 KØBENHAVN K 1165 KØBENHAVN K 12

Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences When Ole Rømer died in 1710 he was laid and Letters was founded in 1742 and has stedt til hvile ved en statsbegravelse i to rest in a state funeral in Vor Frue Kirke spillet en vigtig rolle i dansk videnskab. since played and important role in Danish VorDa OleFrue Rømer Kirke. dødeDenne i 1710kirke blevbrændte han (Church of Our Lady). This church burned Selskab blev stiftet i 1742 og har siden science. Historian Hans Gram and Count ned til grunden under Københavns bom- to the ground during the bombardment of Johan Ludvig Holstein took the initiative to bardement i 1807. I den nuværende Vor Copenhagen in 1807. In the current Vor Historiker Hans Gram og lensgreve establish the society, which had King Chris- Frue Kirke er hans grav markeret af en Frue Kirke his grave is marked by a stone ChristianJohan Ludvig VI som Holstein protektor. tog initiativMålet var til tian VI as protector. The aim was to pro- sten med gravskriften: with the epitaph: atoprettelsen fremme dansk af selskabet, videnskab som og fik at Kongstyr- mote Danish science and to strengthen co- ke samarbejdet mellem videnskaberne. operation between the sciences. In 1774, Ole Rømer Ole Rømer - King Christian VII became protector of the XXV.IX.MDCXLIVXIX:IX.MDCCX XXV.IX.MDCXLIV XIX:IX.MDCCX tor for selskabet og fra 1838 fungerede society and from 1838 King Christian VIII Han maalte lysets hast. He measured the speed of light. KongI 1774 Christian blev Kong VIII Christian som selskabets VII protek præ- served as the society’s president. sident. Since 1866 the society has been divid- Ole Rømer studied at the University of Co- Siden 1866 har selskabet været delt ed up into two classes, the humanities Universitet og lærte astronomiske ob- penhagen and learned how to make astro- - and the natural sciences. Over the course Ole Rømer studerede ved Københavns nomical observations. In 1671, he travelled manistiske og den naturvidenskabelige. of the 18th and 19th centuries, the society to Paris, where he stayed for 9 years and Selskabetop i to videnskabelige stod i løbet afklasser, det 18. den og hu19. oversaw the first proper dictionary of the servationer. I 1671 rejste han til Paris, specialised in more and more accurate århundrede for udarbejdelsen af den Danish language and was responsible for hvor han specialiserede sig i nøjagtige measurements of the orbits of Jupiter’s første egentlige ordbog over det danske the first accurate topographical maps of målinger af Jupiters måners omløb og moons and eclipses. The observations led - Denmark. In 1808, H.C. Ørsted became formørkelser. Observationerne gjorde, to his discovery in 1776 that light does not a member of the society and in 1815 he at han i 1776 fandt frem til, at lyset ikke disperse instantaneously, but has a specif- sprog og for de første nøjagtige, topo- was elected secretary of the board, which kaldteudbreder det sigfor øjeblikkeligt,lysets tøven. men faktisk ic, measurable speed. He called this the betgrafisk og i 1815 opmålte blev kort han overvalgt til Danmark. sekretær I today corresponds to the General Secre- har en bestemt, målbar hastighed. Han hesitation of light. 1808 blev H.C. Ørsted medlem af selska tary. He retained this position until 1851. og foruden at fungere som kongelig ma- In 1681, he returned to Denmark and generalsekretær. Denne funktion be- In 1899, the society moved to the build- tematikerI 1681 vendte for Kong han Christian hjem til VDanmark, og at be- in addition to acting as the Royal Mathe- for bestyrelsen, hvilket i dag svarer til ing here, which was built by the brewer J. stride posten som professor i astronomi matician for King Christian V and holding C. Jacobsen for the Carlsberg Foundation ved Københavns Universitet var han i the position as professor of astronomy at holdt han til 1851. Selskabet flyttede - i and the Academy of the Sciences and Let- begyndelsen af 1680’erne involveret i the University of Copenhagen, he was in- fondet1899 til ogbygningen Videnskabernes her, som blevSelskab. opført I ters. In 1917, Niels Bohr became a mem- adskillige vigtige byplanlægningspro- volved in several important urban develop- af brygger J. C. Jacobsen til Carlsberg ber and from 1939 until his death in 1962 - ment projects, including a sewage system, - he served as the president of the society, street lighting, fire protection of the city 1917 blev Niels Bohr medlem, og fra- which Queen Margrethe II is the protector byenjekter, og som renovation blandt andet af brolægningen omfattede klo i and renovation of cobbles in the streets of grethe1939 til d. sinII i dagdød eri 1962 protektor var han for. præsi of today. deakering, københavnske gadebelysning, gader. brandsikring Han stod også af Copenhagen. He was also responsible for dent for selskabet, som Dronning Mar for en vigtig ombygning af Københavns a major refurbishment of Copenhagen’s vandforsyning og konstruerede et effek- water supply and constructing an efficient pumping system for a new dry dock, which gjorde det muligt at reparere og bygge made it possible to build and repair ships skibetivt pumpesystem med den nyeste til en teknologi. ny tørdok, som using the latest technology. STATUE AF H. C. ØRSTED CARLSBERG ÆRESBOLIG STATUE OF HANS CHRISTIAN ØRSTED CARLSBERG HONORARY RESIDENCE

ØRSTEDSPARKEN GAMLE CARLSBERGVEJ NØRRE VOLDGADE 13 2500 VALBY 1358 KØBENHAVN K 14

- Carlsberg was founded in 1847 by the - Ørstedsparken is named after the scien- - brewer Jacob Christian Jacobsen. The tist H.C. Ørsted and his brother, Anders Carlsberg blev grundlagt i 1847 af bryg brewery and warehouse were built outside Ørstedsparken er opkaldt efter viden- Sandøe Ørsted, who was a prominent ger Christian Jacobsen. Bryggeri og la- the ramparts in Valby and Jacobsen also tydningsfuldskabsmanden politiker H.C. Ørsted og advokatog hans samtbror, politician and lawyer, as well as Denmark’s ger blev opført uden for voldene i Valby,- had his residence here from 1854. Accord- Anders Sandøe Ørsted, som var en be prime minister from 1842-1848. menteog fra 1854 skulle havde villaen Jacobsen på Carlsberg også sin stå bo til ing to Jacobsen’s will, the villa at Carlsberg Ørstedsparken was built in the years lig her. Ifølge Christian Jacobsens testa was to be available as a residence for his 1876-1879Danmarks statsminister på en del af fraden 1842-1848. gamle bys 1876-1879 on part of the old city ramparts Carlsberg er opkaldt efter. Ved sønnens son Carl, who Carlsberg was named after. Ørstedparken blev anlagt i årene and in the middle is a lake, which was pre- dødrådighed skulle som boligen bolig ”overdragesfor sønnen Carl, som som fri- After his son’s death, the residence was to tidligere var en del af anlæggets vold- viously part of the defensive moat. The bolig på livstid til en ved sin virksomhed be ‘transferred as a residence for life to a grav.voldanlæg, Parken og ejes i midten af Københavns ligger en sø, kom som- park is owned by the City of Copenhagen - deserving man or woman who has been mune og er udsmykket med en række and is decorated with a number of sculp- den måde af samfundet fortjent mand of service to science, literature, art or so- skulpturer og monumenter. tures and monuments. elleri videnskab, kvinde”. litteratur, kunst eller på an ciety in general’. The residents were to be On a hill, facing Nørre Voldgade, stands - selected by the Royal Danish Academy of the stature of H.C. Ørsted from 1876. The lige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab og Sciences and Letters and the Carlsberg På en høj, der vender ud mod Nørre statue by J. A. Jerichaus was erected using Beboerne skulle vælges af det Konge Foundation was to be responsible for its forVoldgade, donerede står statuenmidler afefter H.C. initiativ Ørsted fraaf funds donated for the initiative. Among upkeep. The Honorary Residence’s most 1876. Statuen af J. A. Jerichaus blev rejst the donors was H.C. Andersen, who had driften fik Carlsbergfondet ansvaret for. prominent occupant was Niels Bohr, who været fysikerens nære ven. been a close friend of the physicist. Æresboligens mest prominente beboer lived here from 1932 until his death in blandt andre H.C. Andersen, som havde The statue is placed on a four-meter high var Niels Bohr, som boede her fra 1932 1962. The villa’s last resident died in 1995 pedestal and at the bottom there are stat- omtil sin til dødCarlsberg i 1962. Akademi Villaens sidste beboer and the honorary residence was convert- Statuen er placeret på en fire meter ues of the three Norns, the Norse Fates. døde i 1995, og æresboligen blev lavet ed into the Carlsberg Academy, which skæbnegudinder.høj sokkel, og nederst De symboliserer er der statuer her af They symbolise the past, present and fu- en lejlighed til midlertidig, sombrug rummerfor pro- includes the Carlsberg Foundation confer- de tre Norner, den nordiske mytologis ture. Ørsted is demonstrating his revolu- Carlsbergfondets konferencecenter og ence centre and an apartment for tempo- selv demonstrerer sin revolutionerende tionary discovery of electromagnetism. rary use by prominent guest researchers. opdagelsefortiden, nutiden af elektromagnetismen. og fremtiden. Ørsted minente gæsteforskere. Jacobsens villa The Jacobsen villa is next door to the laveer nabo sin tilegen Carlsberg kemiforskning Laboratorium, til gavn som for Carlsberg Laboratory, which was founded bryggeriet.blev grundlagt i 1875, så man kunne in 1875, so they could perform their own chemical research for the benefit of the brewery. forCarlsberg besøgende Besøgscenter fra 10.00-16.00 på tirsdag Gamle The Carlsberg Visitor Centre at Gamle Carlsbergvej 11, 2500 Valby, er åbent Carlsbergvej 11, 2500 Valby, is open to vis- - itors from 10:00 to 17:00, Monday to Sun- til søndag. Besøgscentret består af et day. The visitor centre consists of a brewery æresboligen.bryggerimuseum og et udstillingscen museum and an exhibition centre, and the ter, og rundvisningen giver et glimt af tour provides a glimpse of the honorary residence. ROSENBORG SLOT OLE RØMERS PLANETMASKINER ROSENBORG CASTLE OBSERVATORIET PÅ ØSTERVOLD OLE RØMER’S PLANETARY MACHINES THE ØSTERVOLD OBSERVATORY

ØSTER VOLDGADE 3 ØSTER VOLDGADE 4A 15 1350 KØBENHAVN K 1350 KØBENHAVN K 16

I 1861 blev Københavns Universitets In 1861, the University of Copenhagen - In the basement of Rosenborg Castle, Observatory was moved from the Round which also houses the collections of the - Tower to new buildings at Østervold. The På Rosenborg Slot, som huser de dan Danish Royal Collections, there is an Ole observatorium flyttet fra Rundetårn Round Tower’s location in the middle of the udstillesske kongelige blandt samlinger, andet nogle finder af den man dan - i Rømer room. Exhibited here are some of tidentil nye blevet bygninger for stor på en Øster hindring Vold. for Run ob- city eventually became too big a hindrance kælderen et Ole Rømer-værelse. Her- Rømer’s numerous sophisticated inven- detårns placering midt i byen var med for observations. Dust and smoke particles, tions, which were often far ahead of their light and vibrations from the increasing forudske astronom for deres Ole tid. Rømers mange sofi time. Købmagergadeservationer. Støv- forstyrrede og røgpartikler, observatori lys og- traffic on Købmagergade disturbed obser- stikerede opfindelser, som ofte var langt In 1671, Ole Rømer travelled to Paris, vibrationer fra den stigende trafik på- vatory instruments and the old observatory - where he specialised in accurate measure- torium var generelt i en sørgelig forfat- was generally in poor condition. A new ob- I 1671 rejste Ole Rømer til Paris, hvor- ments of the orbits of Jupiter’s moons. The ning.ets instrumenter, Et nyt observatorium og det gamle havde observa meget servatory had been long overdue and for han specialiserede sig i nøjagtige målin observations led to his discovery in 1776 this same reason Ole Rømer had his own ger af Jupiters måners omløb. Observa- that light does not disperse instantaneous- havde af samme årsag sit eget private private observatory from around 1700. tionerne gjorde, at han i 1776 fandt frem- ly, but has a specific, measurable speed. He længe været tiltrængt, og Ole Rømer The Østervold Observatory and the new stighed.til, at lyset Han ikke kaldte udbreder det for sig lysets øjeblikke tøven. called this the hesitation of light. instruments that were purchased came to ligt, Under men sit har ophold en bestemt, ved det prestigeful målbar ha- During his stay at the prestigious observatorium allerede fra ca. 1700. cost almost half of the University of Co- Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris, Observatoriet på Østervold og de nye penhagen’s annual budget. One of the - Rømer developed several different ‘plan- derinstrumenter, normalt var som Københavns blev indkøbt, Universi kom- new purchases was a 5.5 meter long Merz de Académie Royale des Sciences i Paris- etary machines’, mechanical models of til at koste næsten det halve af, hvad- refractor, which was the best telescope on lerskabte af himmellegemers Rømer flere forskellige bevægelser ’planet om the movements of celestial bodies around - the market at the time. This was placed hinanden.maskiner’, Modellerne som var mekaniske kunne bruges model til each other. The models could be used for tets årsbudget. Blandt andet anskaffe on a very solid brick foundation, which undervisning og udregning af fremtidi- teaching and for calculations of future astronomiskede man den 5,5kikkert meter på langemarkedet. Merz-re Den reached all the way down to the base of observations, and Ole Rømer managed to anbragtefraktor, som man dengangpå et meget var stærkt den bedstefunda- the ramparts it was built on. at fremstille fem forskellige typer under produce five different types during his stay However, despite their best efforts, by sitge ophold observationer, i Paris. Den og Ole første Rømer planetma nåede- in Paris. The first planetary machine Ole around 1900 the city was moving too close - Rømer built shows the orbits of the plan- ment af mursten, som nåede helt ned til and in 1953 – delayed by the world wars neternes baner om Solen. Dog kredser ets around the Sun. Though the Sun orbits trodsden grundflade, anstrengelserne voldene dog var kommet bygget på. for – the observatory was moved to Brorfelde. skine, Ole Rømer byggede, viser pla around the Earth and is a model of Tycho Allerede omkring år 1900 var byen- Today the building is used by the University Brahe’s worldview, which Rømer did not of Copenhagen. Solen om Jorden, og den er således en agree with. tæt på, og i 1953 – forsinket af verdens In front of the Østervold Observatory model af Tycho Brahes verdensbillede, He also built a Jovilabe, which showed Københavnskrigene – blev Universitet. observatoriet flyttet til stands a statue of the astronomer Tycho som Rømer ellers ikke tilsluttede sig. - the orbits of Jupiter’s moons around the Brorfelde. I dag benyttes bygningen af Brahe. Han byggede også et ’jovilabium’, som planet, a Saturnilabe and a proper plane- viste Jupiters måners rotation om pla tarium, which shows the orbits of all of the Foran Østervold Observatorium står neten, et ’saturnilabium’ og et egentligt- planets around the sun. The Jovilabe and en statue af astronomen Tycho Brahe. labietplanetarium, gik tabt som under viser Københavns alle planeternes brand Saturnilabe were lost in the Copenhagen rotation om Solen. Jovilabiet og saturni fire of 1728, but the real planetarium and formørkelsesmaskine kaldet et ’ekslip- an eclipse machine called an Eclipsarium i 1728, men det ægte planetarium og en- are on display in the basement of Rosen- senborg Slot. borg Castle. sarium’ er udstillet i kælderen på Ro ASSISTENS KIRKEGÅRD ASSISTENS CEMETERY RELATEREDE MUSEER UDENFOR CENTRUM AF KØBENHAVN MUSEUMS OF RELATED INTEREST BEYOND THE CENTRE OF COPENHAGEN KAPELVEJ 2 17 2200 KØBENHAVN N

Assistens Cemetery was established for byens fattige borgere i 1760 som sup- the poor citizens of the city in 1760 as a Tåstrup. http://www.kroppedal.dk/ plementAssistens til Kirkegårdkirkegårdene blev i det etableret ældre Kø til- supplement to the cemeteries in the older KROPPEDAL MUSEUM (OLE RØMER MUSEET) benhavn. Fra slutningen af 1700-tallet parts of Copenhagen. From the late 1700s, blev kirkegården også gravplads for de the cemetery was also the burial place of rige og berømte. Den er blevet udvidet the rich and famous. It has been extended TYCHO BRAHE MUSEET several times and some areas are still in use i brug i dag. Kirkegården er dog mest en today. However, the cemetery is primarily a Hven. http://www.tychobrahe.com/ flere gange, og nogle områder er stadig- historic cemetery, whose many graves and steder og monumenter i dag er en kilde monuments are a source of knowledge Helsingør. http://www.tekniskmuseum.dk/ DANMARKS TEKNISKE MUSEUM historisk kirkegård, hvis mange grav- about 200 years of Danish burial practices. praksis. Søren Kirkegaard, H.C. Andersen and H.C. til viden om 200 års dansk begravelses Ørsted, who was a close friend of Anders- en, are buried here. STENO MUSEET liggerNiels begravet Bohr, hans her far i et Christian familiegravsted. Bohr og Niels Bohr, his father Christian Bohr and Århus, Jylland. http://www.stenomuseet.dk/ hans bror, matematikeren Harald Bohr- his brother, the mathematician Harald Bohr are also buried here in a family grave. The Gravstedet er udsmykket med et mo grave is adorned with a monument made ENERGIMUSEET nument af J.F. Willumsen – en grå søjle by J.F. Willumsen – a granite pillar with an Bjerringbro, Jylland. http://www.energimuseet.dk/ med en ugle øverst. Søren Kirkegaard,- owl on top. gravetH.C. Andersen her. og H.C. Ørsted, som var At the main entrance on Kapelvej 2 there HAUCHS FYSISKE KABINET en nær ven af Andersen, ligger også be is an information centre that has maps of Sorø Akademi, Sjælland, http://www.awhauch.dk/ the cemetery. Niels Bohr is buried in sec- Ved hovedindgangen på Kapelvej 2- tion Q, H.C. Ørsted in section E, Søren Kir- findes et informationskontor, som har kegaard in section A and H.C. Andersen in kort over kirkegården. Niels Bohr er be section P. gravet i sektion Q, H.C. Ørsted i sektion E, Søren Kirkegaard i sektion A og H.C. Andersen i sektion P.