Necrobia Rufipes De Geer, 1775 (Coleoptera : Cleridae ) from Kurdistan Region- Iraq
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ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil https://zancojournals.su.edu.krd/index.php/JPAS ISSN (print ):2218-0230, ISSN (online): 2412-3986, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/zjpas RESEARCH PAPER Description of red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes De Geer, 1775 (Coleoptera : Cleridae ) From Kurdistan region- Iraq Zayoor Z. Omar1 , Shatha H. Ahmmed2 ,Nabeel A. Mawlood2 1- Department of Plant Protection, Khabat Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 2- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. A B S T R A C T: Red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes De Geer is described from Kurdistan region- Iraq. The specimens were collected from the carrion and carcasses in contact with soil during January and March- 2018. Some important taxonomic parts especially male genitalia have been photographed. In comparison with other Cleridae , The body mostly entirely is metallic green. legs and antennae are red . Localities and date of the collection have been reported. KEY WORDS: Description , Coleoptera, Cleridae , Necrobia rufipes , Kurdistan region- Iraq . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.31.4.17 ZJPAS (2019) , 31(4);167-172 . 1. INTRODUCTION : Cleridae (also known as checkered beetles) Most genera of the family is a small family of Coleoptera occurring are predaceous and feed on other beetles and worldwide but primarily in tropical and larvae; however other genera are subtropical areas. According to Gerstmeier (2000) scavengers .Some feed upon pollen as adults there are approximately 3600 species assigned to whereas larvae are predaceous, bore into dry or just over 300 genera, of which there are about 350 smoked meats and do most damage. They are species in the Palaearctic region. The family has found on dried fish, skins and bones of dead been sorted in seven subfamilies (Lawrence & animals, and other carrion which they are Newton Jr., 1995). The family has a worldwide saprophagous and predaceous (Opitz, 2002, distribution, and a variety of habitats and feeding Triplehorn and Johnson, 2005). A few are preferences. Ninety-one species have been considered pests of stored animal products, dry described, of which 70 are from the Palaearctic carrion, or stored meat products (Furniss and (Corporaal,1950), 11 from Nearctic (Foster Carolin, 1977; Majka, 2006).Some species are ,1976a) and 10 from the Afrotropical regions consisting predominately of predators of (Corporaal,1950). hymenopteran larvae and orthopteran egg pods (Foster, 1976b). Another species are occasionally * Corresponding Author: found on carrion in the later dry stages of decay. Zayoor Z. Omar Also some species are pests and are found E-mail: [email protected] Article History: infesting many of the species are known as Received: 16/01/2019 "flower visitors", that prey on other flower visiting Accepted: 26/05/2019 Published: 10/09 /2019 insects and also feed on pollen. These species are found in moist, sunny environments where Omer. Z. et al. /ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (4): 167-172 168 flowering plants are found in abundance (Ronald, Mawlood et al., 2016) ( Each scale bar = 0.5m ). 1998) . Red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes The species were identified with the help of De Geer, 1775 is commonly known as the copra taxonomic key of ( Carvalho et al., 2000).The beetle in tropical countries and red-legged ham species were confirmed by many the specialist beetle in the United States, N. rufipes is a species of predatory beetle, in the family , with Dr. Michael Geiser from Natural History a cosmopolitan distribution (Haines and Rees Museum, London ; Dr, Jiri Hava , Czech 1989). According to Nwana (1993) the red-legged University of Life Sciences Prague ; Zdenko ham beetle is a cosmopolitan pest, causing Lucbauer (Bratislava, Slovakia) ; Petr Kresl from considerable damage to stored commodities such Bucknell University, Lewisburg (Janovice nad as copra (dried coconut), cheese, dried fish, ham Úhlavou, Czech Republic). 3. RESULTS and other products rich in protein content. In India, it is also recorded as a serious pest of Description cashew nuts (Sengupta et al.,1984). These beetles Synonyms can subsist on a diet of copra alone but their Necrobia rufipes De Geer ,1775 development is slow; their diet is almost certainly = Tenebrio dermestoides Piller and Mitterpacher, a supplement by predation on other insects and 1783 can promote cannibalism when there is a super = Corynetes glabra Champollion, 1814 population (Ashman 1963). N. rupifes De Geer = Necrobia amethystinae Stephens, 1832 was identified by Carvalho et al., (2000) in a = Necrobia mumiarum Hope (in Pettigrew), 1834 checklist of artropods associated with pig carrion = Necrobia pilifera Reitter, 1894 and human corpses in southeastern Brazil. In Iraq = Necrobia foveicollis Schenkling, 1900 there is no any taxonomic study of the family = Necrobia pilifera var. aeneipennis Csiki, 1900 species except; Derwesh (1965) indicated 12 = Necrobia pilifera var. cupreonitens Lauffer, species in four genera. Abdul-Rassoul (1976) 1905 recorded two species, and Al-Ali (1977) recorded Body (Fig.1a,b and c ) Male two species. The main aim of this paper is a Elongated oval, slightly convex, shiny metallic detailed description of red-legged ham beetle, N. green or greenish blue in colour , sides rufipes De Geer which collected from the carrion subparallel, widest at apical fourth. Surface and carcasses in many localities of Kurdistan densely setose punctate. The legs and antennae are region - Iraq and to provide diagnoses of the red (dark clubs). Length 4.2– 6.8 mm. species (including male genital characters). Head : Oval, shiny metallic bluish-green, 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS sparsely punctate , the punctures large and small The present paper is based on 50 specimens intermingled, median portion of frons and vertex collected from the carrion and carcasses in contact with very few punctures. Pubescence sparse, erect, with soil during January and March / 2018 of and black. Eyes blackish brown, coarsely many localities of Kurdistan region – Iraq granulated, slightly emargination approximate to the antennal insertion, surface sparsely short black (Garmian region , Sulimani and Erbil ). The setose, length 3.4-4.0 mm. Frons and vertex with specimens were placed in boiling water for 10-15 densely black short setose, sparsely punctate. minutes to soften their parts. Then the parts were Labrum(Fig.2 a) Dark yellow, moderately separated and the lipids materials of the body were emarginated, surface sparsely setose and punctate, dissolved by using 10% KOH, then the parts were anterior edge long setose. Epipharynx yellow, wished by distilled water for 2-3 minutes in order posterior edge with row of short yellow setae. Mandible (Fig. 2b) stout with 4 denticles, upper to neutralize the alkali. The habitus and important denticle is the longest, two times as long as of parts photographs were taken using a digital below, surface sparsely yellow brown setose. camera (Ucmas series microscope camera). The Maxilla (Fig.2 c) brown-dark brown, sparsely measured proportions of body parts are given in short dark yellow setose, apical maxillary points of an eyepiece linear micrometer in a palpomere which is oval and apically truncate, nd rd nd binocular microscope(Lane and Crosskey , 1993; 2 -3 palpomeres glass shaped, 2 palpomere ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2019 Omer. Z. et al. /ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (4): 167-172 169 1.2 times as long as 3rd , 4th palpomere elongated 4th abdominal sternite rectangular , 1st segment 1.1 oval , 2.1 times as long as 3rd , apical part of as long the 2nd , 3rd and 4th segments same length, lacinia and galae highly long brown setose. 5th segment cup shaped. 8th abdominal sternite Labium ( Fig. 2d ) brown-dark brown, Labium (Fig. 2f) dark brown – black, cup shaped, anterior palps ,four segmented ,sparsely short dark yellow angle rod like, surface moderately brown setose, setose,1st segment is the smallest , 3rd segment posterior margin densely black long, a stiff curved elongated oval, 1.3 times as long as the 2nd. setose. 9th abdominal sternite (Fig. 2g ) spade Antennae 11 antennomeres ; capitate form, dark like, apical part tubular, basal part bilobed yellow - dark brown , sparsely brown short setose; ,triangular. 9th abdominal tergite(Fig. 2h) length 1.5-1.9 mm. 1st antennomere thick, expanded, cup shaped , posterior margin slightly bent; 2nd about one-third the length of 1st , moderately ivagenated , surface sparsely brown equilateral; third almost twice the length of second short setose with long stout seta at each side. but of equal thickness; 4th -7th antennomeres Male genitalia: Aedeagus (Fig. 2 I and j) brown . mutually equal in length, each just perceptibly Length 1.7-2.1 mm. In dorsal view(Fig. 2i ) wider than the one preceding; the eighth is Tegmen triangular, 0.9-1.3 mm ; phallus tubular transverse; 9-11 antennomeres formed club, 9th shaped striate at posterior, 1.9 times as long as and 10th antennomeres strongly transverse, tegmen; median lobe very slightly sclerotized and subequal, about one-half as long as broad; the almost parallel; phallobasic apodem tubular, 0.8 eleventh almost square1.2 as long as 10th. times as long phallus. In Lateral view(Fig.2 j ) Thorax: Pronotum narrow, sides evenly curved Tegmen triangular at posterior, slightly curving to from base to apex, basal and apical angles very the right; phallus slender, long, slightly arched at obtuse, lateral cariniform margin distinct, finely posterior; aedegal apodem slender and narrow serrulate. Surface rather sparsely setose with based, slightly arched at 1/3 of posterior. moderately coarse punctures; punctures much more dense at sides than on disc; pubescence as on head. Scutellum small, transverse. Elytra long, suture closed, lateral margin finely beaded, each with nine distinct rows of punctures, the normally occurring tenth row being confused with the ninth; rows obsolete just behind the middle, surface between puncture rows and of apical portion rather densely 'set with fine punctures from each of which a posteriorly directed subrecumbent black hair arises.