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The Vezo Communities and Fisheries of the Coral Reef Ecosystem in the Bay of Ranobe, Madagascar

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The Vezo Communities and Fisheries of the Coral Reef Ecosystem in the Bay of Ranobe, Madagascar University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Fall 12-20-2019 The Vezo communities and fisheries of the coral reef ecosystem in the Bay of Ranobe, Madagascar Shane Abeare University of New Orleans, New Orleans, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Abeare, Shane, "The Vezo communities and fisheries of the coral reef ecosystem in the Bay of Ranobe, Madagascar" (2019). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 2685. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2685 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Vezo communities and fisheries of the coral reef ecosystem in the Bay of Ranobe, Madagascar A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering and Applied Science Earth and Environmental Sciences by Shane M. Abeare B.Sc. University of Michigan, USA, 1999 M.Sc. University of Pretoria, South Africa, 2004 M.Sc. Louisiana State University, USA, 2009 December, 2019 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Martin O’Connell, for his encouragement and support, the University of New Orleans Graduate School for the opportunity to pursue my interests in international conservation and fisheries management, and to my committee members, Drs. Eurico D’Sa, David Lyzenga, John McCorquodale, and Patrick Smith, for their thoughtful input. I would also like to recognize and express my appreciation for the financial and material support that I have received over the years from the University of New Orleans Graduate School, PADI Foundation, GeoEYE Foundation, and the ESRI Conservation Program. A special thanks to the interns and volunteers of Reef Doctor for all the small contributions made by many to the data collection and data entry tasks, and also for all the great photos that were contributed to the archives over the years, particularly photos taken by Tanya Dodgen. Some of the unattributed photos used here in my dissertation were taken by people that passed through Ifaty over the last several years. In particular, I would like to thank some of the Reef Doctor staff that were involved in various aspects of my research, including Julien Floro and Emma Gibbons, and especially Pepin, François, and of course, Manjo. A heartfelt-thanks to my family, especially, to my mother for her support, encouragement, and generosity in providing shelter in times of need. And lastly, to my wife, Christina, whose patience and support throughout the many years—from inception to conclusion—are what really have made it all possible. ii Table of Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ xiii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. xvi Part I. The Environment and the People: Communities of the Bay of Ranobe, Madagascar Chapter 1. Derivation of bathymetry and benthic habitat classification from multispectral satellite imagery .................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Results ......................................................................................................................... 43 1.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................... 57 Works Cited ...................................................................................................................... 64 Appendix ........................................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 2. Vezo fishing communities: Small-area population estimates, demographics, and socioeconomics ...................................................................................................................... 88 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 88 2.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 100 2.3 Results & Discussion ................................................................................................ 112 Works Cited .................................................................................................................... 128 Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 134 Part II. Artisanal Fisheries of the Vezo Communities of the Bay of Ranobe: Effort and catch dynamics Chapter 3. Vezo artisanal fisheries: fishing capacity, nominal effort, and spatio-temporal dynamics .............................................................................................................................. 137 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 137 3.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 147 3.3 Results ............................................................................................................................ 159 3.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 184 Works cited .......................................................................................................................... 191 Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 198 Chapter 4. Vezo artisanal fisheries: Characterization of landings and economic valuation of the daytime, boat-based coral reef fisheries of the Bay of Ranobe ........................................... 204 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 204 4.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 209 4.3 Results ............................................................................................................................ 215 4.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 245 Works Cited ......................................................................................................................... 253 Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 260 Vita ....................................................................................................................................... 292 iii List of Figures Figure 1.1. a) Air temperature time series from on-site weather station for years 2011-2015; b) monthly means for all years combined; time series trends are Generalized Additive Model- smoothed with 95% confidence intervals ................................................................................ 5 Figure 1.2. Monthly mean of on-site air temperature (red) for year 2014 compared to water temperature (blue) measured by HOBO pendant dataloggers at the Rose Garden Marine Reserve, Bay of Ranobe; time series trends are Generalized Additive Model-smoothed with 95% confidence intervals ................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 1.3. Spiny forest floral species with village of Ifaty in background; dark haze over the village resembling smoke is actually a swarm of locusts ........................................................ 6 Figure 1.4. Bottom-right: Provinces of Madagascar with Toliara Province (shaded); Top-right magnified view of the coastline and the provincial capital, Toliara; Left: magnified view of the study area, Bay of Ranobe ......................................................................................................
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