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SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DIGITAL SOBRE LAS BRIGADAS INTERNACIONALES Brigadistas, Fuentes Documentales Y Bases De Datos (SIDBRINT)

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SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DIGITAL SOBRE LAS BRIGADAS INTERNACIONALES Brigadistas, Fuentes Documentales Y Bases De Datos (SIDBRINT) SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DIGITAL SOBRE LAS BRIGADAS INTERNACIONALES Brigadistas, fuentes documentales y bases de datos (SIDBRINT) M. LOURDES PRADES ARTIGAS SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DIGITAL SOBRE LAS BRIGADAS INTERNACIONALES Brigadistas, fuentes documentales y bases de datos (SIDBRINT) Ediciones de la Universidad <n^ní'*> de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca, 2012 SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DIGITAL SOBRE LAS BRIGADAS INTERNACIONALES: brigadistas, fuentes documentales y bases de datos / M. Lourdes Prades Artigas.— Cuenca: Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2012 192 p.; 24 cm.— (La luz de la memoria; 10) ISBN 978-84-8427-850-4 1. España - Historia - 1936-1939 - Participación extranjera - Sistemas de información 2. Recuperación de la información 1. Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, cd. II. Título III. Serie 94(460):004" 1936/39" 355.087.2:004(460)" 1936/39" 025.4.03 Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de EDICIONES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos - www.cedro.org ), si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra. • de los textos: María Lourdes Prades Artigas, 2012. • de la edición: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Edita: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Director: Juan Antonio Mondéjar Jiménez. Colección LA LUZ DE LA MEMORIA núm. 10 Dirigida por Manuel Requena Gallego / Luis Fernando Rovetta Klyver l cd. Tirada: 500 ejemplares. Fotografía de cubierta: Owen Appleton, brigadista secretario del Batallón Lincoln- Washington (agosto 1937), sepultado vivo en su trinchera durante el bombardeo de Fuentes de Ebro (octubre 1937). (Foto donada por Harry Fisher, Fondos del CEDOBI: 259). Motivo de ilustración de la cubierta: Ileana Rovetta Cortés. Diseño de colección: CIDI (UCLM). I.S.B.N.: 978-84-8427-850-4 D.L.: CU-104-2012 Fotocomposición e Impresión: Gráficas Cano. Impreso en España (U.E.) - Prinied in Spain (U.E.). ÍNDICE Introducción .19 PRIMERA PARTE. Las Brigadas Internacionales y las fuentes documentales 1. Introducción ............................ ............... ..................................................... 27 2. Historiografía sobre la Guerra Civil Española ...........................................27 3. Historiografia sobre las Brigadas Internacionales......................................29 4. Interpretaciones historiográficas sobre las Brigadas Internacionales.........36 5. Los autores ............................. .... ......... .... ...... .......................................... 37 5.1. Los escritores brigadistas (1936-1939) ........................................37 5.2. Estudios sobre las Brigadas Internacionales (1940-1980) ...........51 5.3. Estudios actuales sobre las Brigadas Internacionales (1981-2010) .....................................................56 6. Las fuentes..................................................................................................59 6.1. Tipología de las fuentes ............................................................... .59 6.2. Localización, selección y límites de las fuentes...........................70 6.3. El análisis de las fuentes ........... ................................................... 71 SEGUNDA PARTE. Los sistemas de información y el análisis de las fuentes en el ámbito de la historia 1. Introducción .... ............... .............. ............................ ...................... ......... 77 2. La investigación histórica y los sistemas de recuperación dela información .... ... ...................................... ....................................... 79 3. Los recursos en historia contemporánea ................... ......... ............. ......... 82 4. El control del vocabulario en la recuperación de la información.... ..... ... ... 87 5. Aplicación del proceso de indización en el prototipo.................................92 TERCERA PARTE. El prototipo 1. Introducción. .... ........ .... ............................................................................. 109 2. Creación del prototipo y customización del software ............................... 112 3. Descripción y contenidos .......... .... ............................. ... ........................... 112 7 4. Las bases de datos . 115 4.1. Base de datos de Brigadistas ........... .... .... ........... .................... 115 4.2. Base de datos de Fuentes documentales .................................... 123 4.3. Base de datos del Encuadramiento militar de las Brigadas Internacionales ............. ... ...... .... ...................... ...... ................ 127 4.4. Base de datos de la Bibliografia metodológica.......................... 130 5. Acceso, investigación y utilidad del prototipo..........................................131 CUARTA PARTE. Conclusiones QUINTA PARTE. Anexos Anexo 1. Prensa interbrigadista ....... ...... ..... ............................................... 141 Anexo 2. Obras de ficción (escritas por brigadistas y sobre temática brigadista) ............. .. ....... ......................... .... ........ ...................... 144 Anexo 3. Archivos, bibliotecas, centros de documentación y recursos webs sobre Brigadas Internacionales .... ... ...... .... ... ................................. 148 Anexo 4. Lista de brigadistas referenciados en el prototipo.........................152 Bibliografía ......................................................... ............. ..................................... 179 PRESENTACIÓN Al publicar esta versión de la tesis doctoral de Lourdes Prades Artigas, Directora de la Biblioteca del Pabellón de la República, alcanzamos el número 10 de nuestra colección La Luz de la Memoria, número cabalístico que corres- ponde a la merecida calificación que obtuviera la misma en la Universidad de Barcelona, a cuya valoración está dedicado el prólogo realizado por dos reconocidos especialistas. Esta obra fue presentada por su autora y por la directora de su tesis en el Congreso Internacional organizado en Barcelona por Terre de la Fraternité a propósito del 75 aniversario de la creación de las Brigadas Internacionales, el 28/X/ 11, cuatro días después de que se exhibiera en Albacete el primer ejemplar de una laboriosa edición que recién se concreta en 2012. En sendas oportunidades estuvieron presentes Cécile Rol-Tanguy (brigadista y viuda del brigadista y resistente francés que en París recibió la rendición incondicional de los nazis el 25/VIII/44), el brigadista estonio Erik Eliman, los hermanos brigadistas franco valencianos Joseph-Edouard y Vincent Almudever, y unos 200 familiares, amigos, historiadores y periodistas llegados de diferentes lu- gares de Europa, América Latina, Norteamérica y Asia, que se habían con- gregado una semana antes para la inauguración del memorial a las Brigadas en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, organizada por la Asociación de Amigos de las Brigadas Internacionales (AABI). Esta magistral obra de Lourdes Prades llega en un momento crucial signa- do por la pérdida de los últimos testimonios directos. A finales de febrero par- tieron los últimos brigadistas de Alemania y Escocia Fritz Teppich y Thomas Watters, y el 1/XI/l1 falleció con 100 años en su Argentina natal Fanny Edel- man y el 31/111/12 Lise London "La última brigadista" (El País, 11/XII/11). De todos ellos es deudora esta obra y los demás números de la Colección, y a ellos está dedicada. La presentación de este libro en Albacete marcó el inicio del Seminario interdisciplinar Brigadas Internacionales de la memoria a la esperanza,que finalizó en diciembre y en el que participaron 24 especialistas de historia con- temporánea, de historia del arte y de la medicina, juristas y filósofos del De- recho, no sólo de diferentes comunidades autónomas, sino también de Alema- nia, Argentina, Cuba, Francia e Inglaterra. Si Lourdes Prades vio conveniente asumir los últimos avances de las NTICs para crear esta herramienta ineludible para hacer historia, desde el CE- DOBI hemos visto oportuno acudir a la más primaria naturaleza para hacer memoria. Y entendemos que sendos esfuerzos se complementan porque la memoria sin la historia se enceguecería, y la historia sin la memoria se esteri- lizaría. Por ello, junto a esta colección La luz de la memoria, que se enriquece sobradamente con esta obra, comenzamos a plantar El bosque de la memoria. Hemos elegido olivos, porque son símbolos de paz desde tiempos de Noé, por su firmeza, por su longevidad, por su adecuación a la reciedumbre del terreno y porque están vinculados a las Brigadas. A este árbol se refiere en un verso el poeta y brigadista irlandés Charlie Donelly (1915-1937), fallecido en la bata- lla del Jarama: even ihe olives are bleading («hasta las aceitunas sangran»). Y la misma Pasionaria los mentó en aquella famosa despedida: «Sois la historia, sois la leyenda, sois el ejemplo heroico de la solidaridad y de la universalidad de la democracia ( ... ) y cuando el olivo de la paz florezca, entrelazado con los laureles de la victoria de la República Española, ¡volved!». Para hacer simbólicamente posible ese regreso plantamos nuestro pri- mer olivo el 18/VII/1 1, en homenaje al brigadista canadiense Charles Cowie (1907-1992) en Tarazona de la Mancha, donde en una de sus ermitas había pintado unos jinetes del Apocalipsis con los rostros de Hitler, Mussolini, Mar- te y la muerte, lienzo que buscaba su nieta, la documentalista y cineasta Mi-
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