Vol. XIX, No. 1 Winter 1996-97 Spain welcomes the Brigadistas The best the 20th Again the cities Century offered and the hills By Vicente Navarro By Milton Wolff s a Catalan and the son of parents who fought on y Delta flight to Madrid was on schedule. Tom the Republican side against fascism, I grew up E n t w h i s t l e1 met me at the Madrid airport. A with an enormous admiration for the members M That evening I was lecturing at the College of the International Brigades. I will always remember for International Studies, one of two schools that had the day when my parents made us — all their children paid my way over. Before meeting with the students, — sit around the dining table and promise with all all Americans, I met with the Directora, Mercedes solemnity that whenever and wherever we found mem- Vaquero, and several staff members in her office. bers of the brigades we should offer them our home as if The building housing the school is one of those edi- it were their own. My parents spoke on behalf of those fices representational of the old Spanish architecture who fought and lost that anti-fascist war. The promise — imposingly massive and impressively baroque, typi- was made during the nightmare of the fifties, when fas- cal of the old grey stone-faced buildings of Madrid’s cist repression in Spain was at its height, with fascists main plazas that I remembered so well from my first killing and assassinating more people than they did dur- leave after Brunete in 1937. The Director’s office furnishings carried out the Continued on page 6 theme of the exterior: highly polished, elaborately carved dark brown wood desks, chairs and cabinets, grandly scaled to the high-ceilinged large sa l a , the bravura of España. I experienced a sense of place, of being truly back in Spain, a feeling reinforced when I responded, “Brandy” to Sra. Vaquero’s asking what I would like to drink. There being none at hand, she forthwith dispatched an enlace to fetch a bottle — my protests not withstanding. here were twenty kids, mas o Tm e n o s, and some professors at the lecture, rather more of a conver- sation than a lecture in that the stu- dents were encouraged to interrupt Welcome at the Parliament in Barcelona. Pere Virgili Continued on page 6 2 THE VOLUNTEER, Winter 1996-97 Editorial The Homenaje and an old gesture recurring memory throughout our wondrous A experience of the Homenaje recalled an encounter of nearly 60 years ago. Retelling it may best explain the depth of our gratitude to the Amigos de las Brigadas Internacionales and the profound feeling of the tens of thousands of Spaniards who cheered us along the way. In November 1939, during our last days in Spain, I left the American base at Ripoll by train for a weekend in Barcelona. The sortie was approved as a small compensation for my having missed Pasion- a r i a ’s despedida and the IB’s last parade a few weeks e a r l i e r. The rail journey of some 15 kilometers was slowed by frequent stops. Most passengers who boarded the war-worn train at every station were women. The packages they carried showed that they had been desperately foraging in the countryside. The Certificate above reads: “In conformity with the Royal Decree Shortly after I entrained, an elderly madre seated 39/1996 of January 19, [1996] issued as a result of the unani- herself, facing me in the compartment. She carried a mous agreement of the Spanish Parliament dated November 10, string bag that held two live pigeons. Our conversa- 1995, once the legal requirements have been fulfilled, you will tion was curtailed by my ignorance of Catalan. It lim- receive Spanish citizenship which will take effect following its ited me to little more than a disclosure of name, coun- recording in the appropriate Civil Registry.” Every Brigadista try of origin and marital status. However, I did received one of these. attract attention by a persistent cough, the residue of a bout with flu. The Volunteer When we arrived at the Barcelona station, I Journal of the helped her down from the train. Then, reaching into Veterans of the her bag, she pulled out a pigeon. Thrusting it into my hands, she commanded, “Comrade, make a soup of Abraham Lincoln Brigade this — it will cure your cough.” an ALBA publication Although this anecdote has been interminably 799 Broadway, Rm 227 retold (my family will verify this), the Homenaje ma d e New York, NY 10003 a change in how I understood the incident. The unfor- 1-212-674-5552 gettable gesture of “gracias” was not prompted by an indefinable “love.” Its essence was broader and deeper. Editor Associate Editor The appropriate word is respect — respect among all Leonard Levenson Marvin Gettleman and for all who unite in what La Pasionaria would accurately and eloquently proclaim: “The cause of all Editorial Board humankind.” Abe Smorodin • Bill Susman • Irving Weissman — Len Levenson Contributing Editor Seymour Joseph The next issue of TheVolunteer will carry an Submission of Manuscripts Please send manuscripts typewritten and double-spaced, if possible. extensive selection of photographs of the If you wish your manuscripts returned, enclose a self-a d d r e s s e d , Homenaje. stamped envelope. THE VOLUNTEER, Winter 1996-97 3 Now We Are Spanish By James Benet and shouting. somely printed catalogues of both. My side trip was to Albacete Then we went to a busy first- n sorting out the scenes and hap- and the first crowd there was at the class restaurant for lunch and I penings of the wonderful 60th railway station on a sunny after- another gift: bone-handled clasp Anniversary trip, two elements noon with a brass band, flags and a knives in wooden cases, Albacete stand out: one, the huge crowds speech by the mayor. being famous in Spain for its manu- that greeted us, and the other, the Next day we went to the new facture of fine knives. “Albacete a emotional meetings with vets and university — Albacete has been los Voluntarios de la Libertad, their relatives, some old friends transformed into a small, modern 1933-1996,” says the little plaque in unseen for more than half a century city — to be greeted warmly at an the case. and others totally new and unex- auditorium meeting, by university Perhaps best of all we learned pected. that the arrangements were princi- At the gathering in the Jarama pally organized by the history valley to dedicate the fine bronze department of the university, and star monument, I found myself that the young people helping with walking with a Chinese man, look- the baggage, wheelchairs and other ing a little younger than I am. Was hindrances were mostly university he a vet, I asked? No, but he was students. So it is not only old-timers here with his Bulgarian brother-in- in Albacete who remember us, but law, a volunteer who had avoided the newest generation, too, has going back home to prison by emi- made friends with us. grating to China where he found a And in friendship they would go Chinese wife. My new friend was a to any trouble. Since I am a professor in Beijing. Well, there reporter I had an article that need- would be a lot to talk about, but ed typing on a computer in order to then the hurried programs and the be faxed to San Francisco. One of buses and trains kept us apart and the students found his mother in I never even got his address. the crowd. She called her husband At the Fuencarral cemetery I and we went to his office. Nice encountered the son of Ollie Lindfors, a Minnesota Finn who modern equipment — but I sudden- was a close friend in Spain. Ollie’s ly realized that I had no idea what gone now, but we must talk later. word processor a Spanish govern- And I never managed to join up and government officials. Albacete is ment engineer might use. with him again. what used to be called the “county “WordPerfect,” he said. Our small seat” of the province of Castilla-La but luxurious hotel had, of course, a s for the crowds, we won’t forget Mancha. Then, in the heart of the fax and a very efficient desk clerk. A the tremendous concert and campus, came the unveiling of a So with my new friends’ help I was meeting in Madrid’s downtown monument to the volunteers. Spain able to get my piece off on time. sports arena with the roars of “No is still Spain, some of us said, Pasaran!” and the cheers for the because men were busy with the last ow the memories will be mixed vets and their families. In the little work on the monument even as Nup for us, those of the great Barcelona railway station I found the university rector got up onto the crusade — as Gustave Regler called myself walking with my wife, tow- plinth to announce its dedication it — of sixty years ago and those of ing our suitcases, between the and pull off the red cloth covering. the great trip of 1996. Whatever the roped-back crowds cheering us and outcome of the parliamentary and clapping. At the end of our walk the he town museum showed us a legalistic complications about citi- cheering was overwhelmed by a Tbig exhibit of memorabilia of the zenship may be, we know for cer- brass band playing the old wartime IB, with letters, photos, documents tain — as many of the speakers at songs.