Crisis Management Planning Transportation System Disaster Response – Resilience Planning and Implementation

Pete Hankovszky / Vince Sobash John Susino – Sandy Recovery Office, Federal Transit Administration Mike Marino – Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation

First International Conference on Surface Transportation System Resilience to Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events

18 September 2015 – Washington, DC Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015

Pete Hankovszky, P.E., MSCE Vice President David Evans and Associates (DEA) Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Participants

Collaborative Team

• Federal Transit Administration (FTA) FTA

• Transportation Agency (PATH) DEA

• Federal Contractor (DEA) PATH Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Event Overview Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Storm Lapse Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Timeline (2012)

From Event to Engagement

• October 29th - Hurricane Sandy makes NY/NJ landfall

• November 19th - FTA issues emergency services RFP

• November 26th - DEA under contract with FTA

• December 3rd - DEA on the ground in NYC

Crisis Management Planning PATH System Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Damage Summary

• World Trade Center Transportation Hub – Approximately 125 million gallons of salt water flooded site – Record-setting 14-foot storm surge • PATH System-Wide Damage – Service suspended for 10 days – Five stations flooded – Tunnels flooded – Ongoing latent salt water damage

Crisis Management Planning Emergency Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Response

Scope of PMOC Services

• Assess/Document Damage

• Validate Cost Estimate Process/Basis

• Restoration/Permanent Repair/Resiliency Costs

• Technical Support Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 A Good Plan

“A good plan violently executed now is better than a perfect plan executed next week.” - General Patton Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 System Impact

Multi-Layered / Multiple Area • Harrison Car Maintenance Facility - Yard - Maintenance Equipment - Cars – PA-4 and New PA-5 • Power • Stations • Tunnels • Systems Crisis Management Planning Storm Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Preparations

Photos Courtesy of PATH Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Station Flooding

PATH Harrison Station

Photos Courtesy of PATH Crisis Management Planning Tunnel Flood Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Damage

Photos Courtesy of PATH Crisis Management Planning PATH Service Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Restoration Phases • On Nov. 5, 2012 JSQ to 33rd St. (A) • On Nov. 12, 2012 NWK to 33rd St. (B) • On Nov. 26, 2012 NWK to WTC & (C) JSQ to 33rd St. (A) • On Dec. 19, 2012 HOB to 33rd St. (D) • On Jan. 30, 2013 HOB to WTC (E) Note: Service routes operated from 5 am to 10 pm, 7 days a week, except: NWK – WTC (no weekend service) HOB – WTC (no weekend service) (B)

Vincent Sobash, PE Senior Associate David Evans and Associates (DEA)

Crisis Management Planning Resilience Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Portfolio

• Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident (1979) – Architect-Engineer Task Force Consultant • Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion (1986) – Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor Consultant • Loma Prieta (1989) & Northridge (1994) Earthquakes – CALTRANS Seismic Retrofit Program Consultant • 9/11 World Trade Center Terrorist Attack (2001)* – Federal Transit Administration Project Management Oversight Consultant • Hurricane Katrina (2005) – Urban Search & Rescue Specialist • Haiti Earthquake (2010) – Habitability Assessment Program Manager • Southwest Power Outage (2011) – Navy Region Southwest Crisis Action Team Member • Hurricane Sandy (2012)* – Federal Transit Administration Project Management Oversight Consultant • Asia & Oceania Natural Disasters (2013 - 2015) – Department of Defense Contingency Engineer Crisis Management Planning Characteristics of Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Resilience Projects • Regional • All Phases of Emergency Management Program – Preparedness – Mitigation – Response – Recovery • Address Multiple Hazards • Longevity – Near Term – Permanent • Beyond the Minimum Requirements

Crisis Management Planning Transportation Design Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Evolution Analogy

• Strength-Based

• Performance-Based Crisis Management Planning Qualities of the Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Practice • Leadership – National – Regional – Local • Innovation Leadership Innovation – New Technology Development – Adaptation / Integration of Existing Criteria – Systems Approach • Collaboration – Government Collaboration – Owners & Operators – Private Sector Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Practice Motto

“Instruo Pro Pessimus, Spero Optimus” “Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst” We are building on this concept by integrating engineering into the overall process with: “Mitigare Reliqua” “Mitigate the Rest” Crisis Management Planning High Priority Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Protective Measures

Grape Signal Bungalow (Before)

Interim 2013 Protection Pre-Cast Concrete Flood Barriers

Permanent Measures

Sealed Manhole Covers Crisis Management Planning Incremental Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Resiliency

Strap Down Storage Tanks

Window Protection Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Portable Barriers

Water-Filled Barrier Test at HCMF Crisis Management Planning FTA Grant 2 (90%) Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Funded Projects • Purchase Equipment – Locomotives: $18M ($16M) – PS&C Contingency Backup System: $8.5M ($7.6M) – 2 Temporary Substations & 4 Compressor Plants: $20.3M ($18.2M) • Rehabilitate Twenty-Three Tunnel Pumps: $2.1M ($1.9M) • Replace MacMillan Bloedel Building Roof: $9.9M ($8.9M) Crisis Management Planning FTA Tier 3 (75%) Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015

Funded Projects Competitive Resilience Project Selection Criteria Projects that reduce the risk of damage to public transportation assets from future natural disasters.

• Cost-Effectiveness • Hazards Addressed • Project Implementation Strategies • Effectiveness for the Most Essential and Vulnerable Infrastructure • Local and Regional Planning Collaboration and Coordination • Interdependency with Other Supporting Infrastructure • Local Financial Commitment • Technical Capacity of the Applicant to Carry Out the Project Crisis Management Planning FTA Tier 3 (75%) Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Funded Projects

Competitive Resilience Process

• Proposals MTA 45% SEPTA 2% – 10 Applicants WMATA 1% WTC Hub 61 Projects 2% – NY PENN Station PANY&NJ, 5% 1% NYCDOT Grants 5% CTDOT 5% PATH 2% MBTA – 9 Applicants 1%

Nashua NJ Transit 0% – 40 Projects 36% – $3.6 Billion (All Available Funding)

Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Resilience Concepts

Bollard Innovation Crisis Management Planning PATH Resilience Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Projects • Protect Head Houses: $50M ($37M) $2,000,000,000

$1,800,000,000 – Exchange Place Station $1,600,000,000 $1,400,000,000

$1,200,000,000 Grove Street Station $1,000,000,000 – $800,000,000

$600,000,000

$400,000,000

– Newport Station $200,000,000

$- • Construct Automatic Flood Barrier Harrison Car Maintenance Facility (HCMF): $20M ($15M)

• Extend C-Yard Outside 500-year Floodplain: $25M ($19M)

• Construct Seawall Adjacent to Passaic River: $22M ($17M)

Crisis Management Planning Resilience Project Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Prioritization Rubric • Consistency with HMCE Algorithm

• Probability of Occurrence – Service Life of Infrastructure – Climate Change Projections

• Consequences – System – Community

• Mitigation – Multi-Hazards (Deterioration) – Minimum Standards (ASCE 24)

Crisis Management Planning Hazard / Risk Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Mitigation

Head House Protection Head House Protection

HCMFHCMF Automatic Automatic Flood Flood Gate Gate Passaic River Seawall Passaic River Seawall C-Yard Extension

PROBABILITY C-Yard Extension CONSEQUENCE Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Federal Lead

John Susino Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Division Chief, NJ State & PANYNJ Programs Hurricane Sandy Recovery Office Crisis Management Planning FTA Challenges Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Timeline Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 FTA Challenges

• Emergency Response Planning • Developing guidelines and process on the fly

• Coordination, Collaboration, and Communication** • Two federal agencies • Consultants (federal, insurance…) • Operating Transit Agency • Washington DC

• Programs • Program policy requirements • Settlements • Insurance proceeds allocation • No duplicate payments

Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 FTA Challenges

• Assessing Damage • Operating Railroad • Documentation • Resource Constraints • Cost & Schedule Estimates • Latent Damage

• Resiliency Program • Separate Allocations • Competitive • Cost/Benefit Analysis

Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 FTA Challenges

• Grant Process • Non-traditional Grantee • Resource Constraints • Projects Not Fully Defined

• FEMA & FTA Program Differences • Project Eligibility • Duplication of Efforts/Data • Proration of Losses • Business Loss • Insurance Program

Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Lessons Learned

• 3 Keys of “C” to Success ** • Communication • Collaboration • Coordination

• Assessing Damage under Operating Conditions • Service outages • Nights and weekends

• Insurance Expertise • Required to analyze FTA share • Claim settlement is a lengthy process

Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Lessons Learned

• Latent Effects • Corrosive characteristics of salt water • Undiscovered damages

• Disaster Planning Pays Off • Protective priority measures • Low cost protective measures can payoff big

Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Thank you!

The Hurricane Sandy Team Crisis Management Planning Surface Transportation Resilience 18 September 2015 Final Thoughts