DOCSLIB.ORG

Map Research Capacity in Afghanistan and Identify Gaps in Research and Analysis Which Would Be Valuable to Afghan and International Development Partners

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Map Research Capacity in Afghanistan and Identify Gaps in Research and Analysis Which Would Be Valuable to Afghan and International Development Partners MAPPING OF RESEARCH CAPACITY IN AFGHANISTAN Final version: June 2012 Submitted to the Department for International Development by Paul Fishstein, Anna Paterson, and Alan Roe Cover photo courtesy of Organization for Sustainable Development and Research This report reflects the views of the authors, and does not represent those of the Department for International Development or the Government of the United Kingdom. Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. ii List of non-English language terms used in the text………………………….………….………………………...iv Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................1 I. Introduction............................................................................................................................................5 I.A. Purpose ..........................................................................................................................................5 I.B. Methodology ...................................................................................................................................5 I.C. Caveats ..........................................................................................................................................6 I.D. Research in Afghanistan: brief historical perspective ...................................................................... 7 II. Current research capacity ......................................................................................................................8 II.A. Overall research capacity ............................................................................................................... 8 II.B. Additional constraints to research ................................................................................................. 10 II.C. Capacity for use: demand-side gaps ............................................................................................ 12 II.D. Quality of research ....................................................................................................................... 16 III. Available research and analysis ....................................................................................................... 23 III.A. Research available: overview.................................................................................................... 23 III.B. Research available: Governance and security .......................................................................... 25 III.C. Research available: Wealth creation ......................................................................................... 29 III.D. Research available: Agriculture, rural development, and environment (ARD+E) ....................... 31 III.E. Research available: health ........................................................................................................ 33 III.F. Research available: education .................................................................................................. 34 III.G. Research available: gender ...................................................................................................... 35 III.H. Research available: humanitarian assistance ........................................................................... 36 IV. Who is doing research? ................................................................................................................... 37 V. Who is funding research? ................................................................................................................. 41 VI. Policy research needs ...................................................................................................................... 44 VI.A. Policy research needs: governance and security ...................................................................... 45 VI.B. Policy research needs: wealth creation ..................................................................................... 46 VI.C. Policy research needs: ARD+E ................................................................................................. 47 VI.D. Policy research needs: health ................................................................................................... 49 VI.E. Policy research needs: education ............................................................................................. 50 VI.F. Policy research needs: gender .................................................................................................. 52 VI.G. Policy research needs: humanitarian assistance ....................................................................... 53 VII. Capacity building in policy research: recommendations ................................................................... 55 Annex A: Terms of Reference…....……………………………………….…………………………………….…63 Annex B: Representative research and publications……………………………………………….…………..67 Annex C: Institutions active in undertaking research, by type of institution and sector.………………...…78 Annex D: Basic information on research institutions.…………………………………………………….…..…81 LIST OF ACRONYMS AAN Afghan Analysts Network CBE Community-Based ACBAR Agency Coordinating Body Education for Afghanistan Relief CC Community Council ACSOR Afghan Center for Socio- CDC Community Development Economic and Opinion Council Research CEDAW Convention on the ADB Asian Development Bank Elimination of AED Academy for Educational Discrimination Against Development Women AGE Anti-Government Element CAP Consolidated Appeals AHS Afghanistan Health Survey Process AIHRC Afghanistan Independent CAPS Centre for Conflict and Human Rights Commission Peace Studies AIRD Afghanistan Institute for CIDA Canadian International Rural Development Development Agency AKDN Aga Khan Development CIDNE Combined Information Data Network Network Exchange AKF Aga Khan Foundation CPAU Cooperation for Peace and ANA Afghan National Army Unity ANDS Afghanistan National CSO Central Statistical Office Development Strategy DAB da Afghanistan Bank ANHDR Afghanistan National DACAAR Danish Committee for Aid Human Development to Afghan Refugees Report DAI Development Alternatives, AOIs Areas of Interest Incorporated APHI Afghanistan Public Health DCA Dutch Committee for Institute Afghanistan APPRO Afghanistan Public Policy DEWS Disease Early Warning Research Organisation System APRP Afghanistan Peace and DFID-A DFID-Afghanistan Reintegration Programme DoD Department of Defence ARD+E Agriculture, Rural (US) Development, and DRR Disaster Risk Reduction Environment EC European Commission AREU Afghanistan Research and ECHO European Commission Evaluation Unit Humanitarian Aid and Civil ARIA Agricultural Research Protection Institute of Afghanistan EFA Education for All ARTF Afghanistan Reconstruction EMIS Education Management Trust Fund Information System ASOP Afghan Social Outreach EPHS Essential Package of Programme Hospital Services AUAF American University of EQUIP2 Educational Quality Afghanistan Improvement Program 2 AusAid Australian Government ESRC Economic and Social Overseas Aid Program Research Council BPHS Basic Package of Health EVAW (Law on) Elimination of Services Violence Against Women BPRM Bureau of Population, FAO Food and Agriculture Refugees, and Migration Organization (US) FCO Foreign and BSC Balanced Scorecard Commonwealth Office CARE Cooperation for Assistance FFSDP Fully Functional Service and Relief Everywhere Delivery Point ii FTI Fast Track Initiative MAIL Ministry of Agriculture, GAVI Global Alliance for Irrigation, and Livestock Vaccines and Immunisation (Afghan) GIRoA Government of the Islamic MCN Ministry of Republic of Afghanistan Counternarcotics (Afghan) GIS Geographical Information MDGs Millennium Development System Goals GIZ German Agency for MEW Ministry of Energy and International Cooperation Water (formerly GTZ) MISFA Microfinance Investment HMIS Health Management Support Facility for Information System Afghanistan HNS Health and Nutrition MOD Ministry of Defence (UK) Strategy MOE Ministry of Education HPRO Health Protection and (Afghan) Research Organization MOF Ministry of Finance HTS Human Terrain System (Afghan) ICARDA International Center for MOHE Ministry of Higher Agricultural Research in the Education (Afghan) Dry Areas MOI Ministry of Interior (Afghan) ICIMOD International Centre for MOPH Ministry of Public Health Integrated Mountain (Afghan) Development MORR Ministry of Refugees and IDRC International Development Repatriation (Afghan) Research Centre MOU Memorandum of IIHMR Indian Institute of Health Understanding Management Research MOWA Ministry of Women’s Affairs ILTC International Legal Training (Afghan) Centre MPH Masters of Public Health IDLG Independent Directorate for MRRD Ministry of Rural Local Governance Rehabilitation and IFAD International Fund for Development (Afghan) Agricultural Development NAPA National Adaptation IMF International Monetary Programme of Action for Fund Climate Change IRB Institutional Review Board NAPWA National Action Plan for the IRC International Rescue Women of Afghanistan Committee NCSA National Capacity Needs IRI International Republican Self-Assessment for Global Institute Environmental ISAF International Security Management Assistance Force NED National Endowment for IWA Integrity Watch Afghanistan Democracy J2-CJIOC Combined Joint Intelligence
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The a to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance
    The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance 2nd Edition, August 2003 Writer: Shawna Wakefield Editor: Christina Bennett, Kathleen Campbell With special thanks to: Kristen Krayer, Nellika Little, Mir Ahmad Joyenda Cover illustration: Parniyan Design and Printing: The Army Press © 2003 The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). All rights reserved. Preface This is the second edition of The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance. Our first edition was brought out one year ago at a time of great change in Afghanistan. At that time, coordination mechanisms and aid processes were changing so fast that old hands and new arrivals alike were sometimes overwhelmed by the multiplicity of acronyms and references to structures and entities that had been recently created, abolished or re-named. Eighteen months after the fall of the Taliban and the signing of the Bonn Agreement, there are still rapid new developments, a growing complexity to the reconstruction effort and to planning processes and, of course, new acronyms! Our aim therefore remains to provide a guide to the terms, structures, mechanisms and coordinating bodies critical to the Afghanistan relief and reconstruction effort to help ensure a shared vocabulary and common understanding of the forces at play. We’ve also included maps and a contact directory to make navigating the assistance community easier. This 2nd edition also includes a section called “Resources,” containing information on such things as media organisations, security information, and Afghanistan-related web sites. Another new addition is a guide to the Afghan government. As the objective of so many assistance agencies is to support and strengthen government institutions, we felt that understanding how the Afghan government is structured is important to working in the current environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment-Opportuni
    Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN AFGHANISTAN'S AGRICULTURE SECTOR 2012 - 2013 Private Sector Development Directorate November 2012 Apples on a farm in Kabul province This brochure was published on the occasion of the Kabul International Agfair, which was held on November 7-9, 2012. Its purpose is to provide a brief overview of investment opportunities to AgFair participants, as well as to all other interested investors. For additional information, please contact the Private Sector Development Directorate at: [email protected] Table of Contents Introductory Words - H.E. Minister Rahimi 3 Welcome to Investors - Abdul Qayoom Bassam, Private Sector Development Directorate Directo 5 Arazi - Afghanistan Land Authority 7 AISA - Afghanistan Investment Support Agency 9 Irrigation Sector 11 Rice Mill Processing and Marketing East/Northern Regions 14 Fresh Fruit Processing - Eastern Region 15 Farm Machinery Manufacturing 16 Saffron Processing and Marketing in Herat 17 Automated Packaging Plant in Kabul 18 Livestock By-Products 19 Cashmere Production 20 Fruit Juice Processing in Kabul 21 Tomato Paste Processing and Marketing in the Northern Region 23 Cold Storage Facility in Kabul 24 Edible Oil Processing and Packaging in Balkh Province 25 AgFairs as a Networking Opportunity 26 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock Introductory Words of H.E. Minister Mohammad Asif Rahimi Respected Readers and Visitors to the Kabul International AgFair, it is a pleasure to present you with this brochure which provides up-to-date information on investment opportunities in Afghanistan's agricultural sector. Being one of the fastest growing sectors of the Afghan economy, there is no doubt that agriculture provides almost inexhaustible opportunities for investment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Road to Afghanistan
    Introduction Hundreds of books—memoirs, histories, fiction, poetry, chronicles of military units, and journalistic essays—have been written about the Soviet war in Afghanistan. If the topic has not yet been entirely exhausted, it certainly has been very well documented. But what led up to the invasion? How was the decision to bring troops into Afghanistan made? What was the basis for the decision? Who opposed the intervention and who had the final word? And what kind of mystical country is this that lures, with an almost maniacal insistence, the most powerful world states into its snares? In the nineteenth and early twentieth century it was the British, in the 1980s it was the Soviet Union, and now America and its allies continue the legacy. Impoverished and incredibly backward Afghanistan, strange as it may seem, is not just a normal country. Due to its strategically important location in the center of Asia, the mountainous country has long been in the sights of more than its immediate neighbors. But woe to anyone who arrives there with weapon in hand, hoping for an easy gain—the barefoot and illiterate Afghans consistently bury the hopes of the strange foreign soldiers who arrive along with battalions of tanks and strategic bombers. To understand Afghanistan is to see into your own future. To comprehend what happened there, what happens there continually, is to avoid great tragedy. One of the critical moments in the modern history of Afghanistan is the period from April 27, 1978, when the “April Revolution” took place in Kabul and the leftist People’s Democratic Party seized control of the country, until December 27, 1979, when Soviet special forces, obeying their “international duty,” eliminated the ruling leader and installed 1 another leader of the same party in his place.
    [Show full text]
  • National Institution Building Project (NIBP)
    United Nations Development Programme Afghanistan Afghanistan National Institution Building Project (NIBP) Third Quarter Project Progress Report – July to September, 2011 HE Mohammad Asif Rahimi, Minister of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) is speaking to the stakeholders during the presentation workshop of Capacity Development Plan of MAIL organized by NIBP Project ID: 00073380 Project Period: January 2010 to December 2013 Strategic Plan Component: National ownership, Capacity Development, South-South Cooperation, Democratic Governance CPAP Component: Strengthening Democratic Governance ANDS Component: Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights Total Budget: USD 115, 019, 355 Responsible Agency: UNDP and IARCSC National Institution Building Project, Project ID: 00073380 2 | P a g e NIBP DONORS Quarterly Progress Report, July – September 2011 National Institution Building Project, Project ID: 00073380 3 | P a g e Table of Contents List of Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4 Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 I. Context ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 8 II. Results and Impact ……………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 10 III. Implementation Arrangements ……………………………………………………………………………………. 25 IV. Challenges/Risks/Issue ……………………………………………………………………………..………….…....…. 25 V. Lessons Learnt ……………………………………………………………………..…………………………..…………… 26 VI. Future Plans ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………. 27 VII. Financial Information ………………………………………………………………………………….………..………. 29 Annexes
    [Show full text]
  • EVALUATION Final Performance Evaluation Accelerating Sustainable Agriculture Program (ASAP)
    USAID Afghanistan EVALUATION Final Performance Evaluation Accelerating Sustainable Agriculture Program (ASAP) April 2012 This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared under contract with Checchi and Company Consulting, Inc. for USAID’s Afghanistan “Services under Program and Project Offices for Results Tracking” (SUPPORT) project. Final Performance Evaluation Accelerating Sustainable Agriculture Program (ASAP) April , 2012 This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared under contract with Checchi and Company Consulting, Inc. for USAID’s Afghanistan “Services under Program and Project Offices for Results Tracking” (SUPPORT) project. i ii ASAP ACTIVITY LOCATIONS Regional Command North (RC-North) Kunduz Jawzjan Balkh Badakhshan Takhar Regional Command West (RC-West) Samangan Baghlan Regional Command Faryab Sari Pul East (RC-East) Bamyan Cashmere Ghor Herat Wardak Nangarhar VFU Dai Kundi Ghazni AgDepot Urea Treatment Paktika Farah Alfalfa Zabul Trellising Kandahar Pomegranate Helmand Nimruz Regional Command Agribusiness South (RC-South) Gender iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ASAP ACTIVITY LOCATIONS ............................................................................................ iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................ vi I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Petersberg Papers on Afghanistan and the Region
    Liechtenstein Colloquium Report Petersberg Papers on Afghanistan and the Region Wolfgang Danspeckgruber Editor Volume IV 2009 Petersberg Papers on Afghanistan and the Region Wolfgang Danspeckgruber Editor Liechtenstein Colloquium Report Volume IV © 2009 The Trustees of Princeton University Produced and published by the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination This report was made possible in part by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. The statements made and the views expressed herein are solely the responsibility of the contributing authors. Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA Telephone: 609.258.6200 Facsimile: 609.258.5196 Electronic Mail: [email protected] Website: www.princeton.edu/lisd CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword Wolfgang Danspeckgruber .................................................................................................................. 6 Special Statements Opening Address Rangin Dadfar Spanta .................................................................................................................. 7 An Exit Strategy for Afghanistan Volker Stanzel .............................................................................................................................. 10 Special Statement Rita Kieber-Beck ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The a to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance 2009
    The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance 2009 AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT Improving Afghan Lives Through Research The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance 2009 Seventh Edition AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT Improving Afghan Lives Through Research IMPORTANT NOTE: The information presented in this Guide relies on the voluntary contributions of ministries and agencies of the Afghan government, embassies, development agencies and other organisations representing donor countries, national and international NGOs, and other institutions. While AREU undertakes with each edition of this Guide to provide the most accurate and current information possible, details evolve and change continuously. Users of this guide are encouraged to submit updates, additions, corrections and suggestions to [email protected]. © Copyright Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, January 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher, the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Permission can be obtained by emailing areu@ areu.org.af or by calling +93 799 608 548. Coordinating Editor: Cynthia Lee Contacts Section: Sheela Rabani and Noorullah Elham Contributors: Ahmadullah Amarkhil, Amanullah Atel, Chris Bassett, Mia Bonarski, Colin Deschamps, Noorullah Elham, Susan Fakhri, Paula Kantor, Anna Larson, Sheela Rabani, Rebecca Roberts, Syed Mohammad Shah,
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption Mapping in Afghanistan
    Corruption Mapping in Afghanistan Assessment of People’s Understanding and Viewpoint from Corruption Survey Outcomes in 12 Provinces of Afghanistan Kabul – July 2015 ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Corruption Mapping in Afghanistan Authors: Husain Ali Karimi & Gholam Reza Ebrahimi Kabul – July 2015 Add: Qale Noh Borja, Karte Parwan, Kabul, Afghanistan www.aiss.af Table of Contents Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. 1 An introduction to Afghanistan Institute for Strategic Studies (AISS) ................................. 3 Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................. 3 Key findings of the survey .................................................................................................... 5 Afghanistan’s majorissues on national level..................................................................... 5 Biggest issues on provincial level ..................................................................................... 5 Statistics of Measures taken for solving the issues ........................................................... 5 Perception of respondents about corruption ..................................................................... 5 Statistics of widespread and common instances of corruption ......................................... 6 Corruption contamination is more on Government sector ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • CBCMPCBCMP -- Capcapacityacity Buildingbuilding Andand Changechange Managementmanagement Prprogramogram 20102010 -- 20122012
    CBCMPCBCMP -- CapCapacityacity BuildingBuilding andand ChangeChange ManagementManagement PrProgramogram 20102010 -- 20122012 November 2012 This publication was produced for review by the United States Department of Agriculture. It was prepared by the International Executive Service Corps under the Cooperative Agreement 58-3148-1-042. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Agriculture of the United States Government. CAPACITY BUILDING AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (CBCMP) 2010-2012 CBCMP’S ASSISTANCE - OVERALL CONTEXT A sustainable, thriving agricultural economy through improved delivery of agricultural related public services CBCMP's assistance objective is firmly planted in the 2009 USG Agriculture Assistance Strategy for Afghanistan, whose primary goal is to increase confidence of Afghans in their government. The explicit means identified is to increase the capacity of CBCMP's principal partner, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), to deliver services to rural farmers and herders and promote the private sector and farmer associations. This is to be done through a US Government “Unity of Effort through a Whole-of-Government” provision of technical assistance and direct ministerial budget assistance through USDA and USAID. CBCMP is the linchpin in this effort with MAIL to increase and improve its delivery of agricultural-related public services. The USG agriculture assistance strategy calls for CBCMP to implement Change Management and improve capability of the DAILs (MAIL subunits at the provincial level) to plan budgets and implement projects or programs. In addition to that, the USDA AAEP and USAID AGRED projects are tasked with properly training, equiping, and deploying extension workers. How CBCMP complements other important donors’ approaches? As part of the post 2014 transition strategy for Afghanistan, the World Bank has called for donors to help the GIRoA finance the development budget, including public investment and operations and maintenance (O&M).
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Review Week 02 11 January 2012 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises
    CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CENT RE Afghanistan Review Week 02 11 January 2012 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises This document provides a weekly overview of developments in Afghanistan from 04 January—10 January INSIDE THIS ISSUE 2012, with hyper-links to source material highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. For Economic Development more information on the topics below or other issues pertaining to events in Afghanistan, contact the Governance & Rule of Law members of the Afghanistan Team, or visit our website at www.cimicweb.org. Humanitarian Affairs Infrastructure Security & Force Protection Socio-Cultural Development Economic Development Steven A. Zyck ► [email protected] he price of a litre of petrol jumped significantly over the course of the past week in DISCLAIMER Kabul, from AFN 62 (USD 1.28) to AFN 89 (USD 1.84), reports Pajhwok Afghan News. A litre of diesel likewise increased from AFN 63 (USD 1.30) to AFN 70 (USD The Civil-Military Fusion Centre T 1.45). The price of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is commonly used for cooking and (CFC) is an information and heating, remained stable at AFN 59 (USD 1.22) per kg at those shops supplied by the Afghan knowledge management Ministry of Commerce and Industries (MoCI). However, other dealers sold LPG for between organisation focused on improving civil-military interaction, facilitating AFN 77 (USD 1.59) and AFN 80 (USD 1.66) per kg. Pajhwok did not specify the reason for information sharing and enhancing increases in the price of petrol and diesel. However, The Los Angeles Times noted that global situational awareness through the crude oil prices also climbed this past week after Iran suggested that it could close the Strait of CimicWeb portal and our weekly Hormuz, through which a large volume of Middle Eastern oil and gas makes its way to global and monthly publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Unity Govt. to Justify Every Penny: Ghani
    Quote of the Day The two most powerful warriors are patience and time. Email: [email protected] Phone: 0093 (799) 005019/777-005019 Leo Tolstoy www.thedailyafghanistan.com Reg: No 352 Volume No. 3385 Monday September 05, 2016 Sunbula 15, 1395 www.outlookafghanistan.net Price: 15/-Afs Women’s Role in Unity Govt. to Justify Every Peace Process to be Reviewed KABUL - President Ashraf Ghani Penny: Ghani ment and the EU and regional coopera- has said the unity government be- tion, the statement said. sides honouring promises with the The Brussels conference will gather up to Afghans and international partners is 70 countries and 30 international organi- up for accountability of every signal zations and agencies and will provide a penny for the sake of transparency in platform for the government of Afghani- its affairs. stan to set out its vision and track record A statement from the Presidential on reform. For the international commu- Palace said the president met with nity, it will be the opportunity to signal Director-General of the European sustained political and financial support Commission’s Directorate General to Afghan people. KABUL - The National Unity Government for International Cooperation and Maservisi said the Brussels conference (NUG) leaders will once again pledge to include Development (DEVCO) Stefano Ma- had special importance with regard to women in the peace process when they attend servisi late on Saturday. international assistance, partnership and next month’s Brussels Summit on Afghanistan. The meeting discussed preparations stability in Afghanistan and the focus of The High Peace Council has said they are in sup- for the upcoming Brussels Summit to international promises with the Kabul ad- port of this and that women can play an effective be co-hosted by the Afghan govern- ministration.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesoviet-Installed Government. 1980 the Main Afghan Mujahideen Groupings and Armed Tribalgroups Begin to Win Control of Pockets of Territoryinside Afghanistan
    AI Index: ASA 11/09/95 Afghanistan: International responsibility for human rights disaster Chronology 1973 President Mohammad Daoud assumes office after a military coup. December 1979 Soviet troops invade Afghanistan. Early 1980 Armed tribal groups begin a jihad against theSoviet-installed government. 1980 The main Afghan Mujahideen groupings and armed tribalgroups begin to win control of pockets of territoryinside Afghanistan. 1980 to 1989 Civil war in most parts of Afghanistan, excluding major cities, between armed Mujahideen groups and government forces. 1986 President Mohammad Najibullah takes office. February 1989 Soviet troops complete their withdrawal from Afghanistan. February 1989 to April 1992 Increasing armed conflict between governmentand opposition forces. April 1992 Under a UN peace plan, President Najibullah isreplaced by a four-member council of the ruling Watan (Homeland) party. Late April 1992 an interim government led by Professor Sebghatollah Mojaddedi takes power. June 1992 An interim government led by Borhanuddin Rabbaniassumes office; the Islamic State of Afghanistan is declared. December 1992 Borhanuddin Rabbani elected as President, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar as Prime Minister of the IslamicState of Afghanistan. 1992 to early 1995 Fighting spreads to all major cities, particularly Kabul, as two major alliances — Shura-e Nezar (Supervisory Council), an alliance including Jamiat-e Islami (Society ofIslam), and Shura-e Hamahangi (Supreme CoordinationCouncil), an alliance of the forces of General Dostum andGulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami (Party of Islam) — compete for control of administrative centres. Late 1994 The Taleban emerge as a strong military force, capturing nine of Afghanistan's 30 provinces. Mid-1995 Efforts by the UN to set up a broad-based interim administration in Afghanistan have failed.
    [Show full text]