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Home , Plateau Station

Italian Contribution to YOPP-SH

Funded activities in the frame of the Italian Antarctic Programme (PNRA)

Vito Vitale (ISAC-CNR), Paolo Grigioni (ENEA), Stefano Dolci (ENEA) on behalf of PNRA community

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA 1 YOPP RELATED ACTIVITIES IN THE FRAME OF PNRA (ITALY) status June 2017 PROJECT LEAD(S) TITLE TOPIC(S) STATUS

1 OSS-09 Italian Antarctic Meteo-Climatological Observatory at MZS and Victoria Paolo Land (IAMCO-YOPP) FUNDED since 2016 Meteorology GRIGIONI 2 OSS-10 Meteo-Climatological Observatory at Concordia (IAMCO-YOPP) FUNDED since 2016 Radiation (SW, Angelo Accurate surface fluxes measurements of solar and thermal radiation LW, UV), 3 OSS-06 FUNDED since 2016 LUPI at the plateau Station Concordia (BSRN site) Clouds radiative effects

2015/ Nicoletta Antarctic Precipitation Properties from ground-based instruments 4 precipitation FUNDED since 2016 AZ3.02 ROBERTO (APP)

Polar Marcel 5 OSS-12 Lidar Observatory at Concordia (LOC) stratospheric FUNDED since 2016 SNELS clouds

Giorgio Physical 6 OSS-13 Marine Observatory in the (MORSea) FUNDED since 2016 BUDILLON oceanography

Mass and energy Mauro Surface-Atmosphere Mass and Energy Exchanges at a Coastal 7 proposal exchanges in TILL PENDING MAZZOLA Antarctic site (SAMEECA) coastal Antarctic

Giandomenico Clouds radiative 8 proposal Radiative Impact of Antarctic Clouds Experiment (RADIANCE) TILL PENDING PACE effects

Traceability and Improvement of Meteorological Measurements during Meteorology, Angelo 9 proposal YOPP intensive periods, to better investigate ABL characteristics and boundary layer, TILL PENDING VIOLA coupling processes in coastal (TRIMMER) metrology

Virginia Precipitation Impact on the Regional Antarctic Accumulation 10 proposal Precipitation TILL PENDING CIARDINI (PIRANhA)

FUNDED AND PLANNING TO DO MORE during YOPP TILL PENDING

FUNDED ENDORSED by YOPP

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA YOPP RELATED ACTIVITIES IN THE FRAME OF PNRA (ITALY)

PROJECT LEAD(S) TITLE TOPIC(S) STATUS

1 OSS-09 Italian Antarctic Meteo-Climatological Observatory at MZS and Victoria Paolo FUNDED since 2016 Land (IAMCO-YOPP) Meteorology GRIGIONI 2 OSS-10 Meteo-Climatological Observatory at Concordia (IAMCO-YOPP) FUNDED since 2016 Radiation (SW, Angelo Accurate surface fluxes measurements of solar and thermal radiation LW, UV), 3 OSS-06 FUNDED since 2016 LUPI at the plateau Station Concordia (BSRN site) Clouds radiative effects

2015/ Nicoletta Antarctic Precipitation Properties from ground-based instruments 4 precipitation FUNDED since 2016 AZ3.02 ROBERTO (APP)

Polar Marcel 5 OSS-12 Lidar Observatory at Concordia (LOC) stratospheric FUNDED since 2016 SNELS clouds

Giorgio Physical 6 OSS-13 Marine Observatory in the Ross Sea (MORSea) FUNDED since 2016 BUDILLON oceanography

Mass and 2016/ Mauro Surface-Atmosphere Mass and Energy Exchanges at a Coastal energy 7 FUNDED snce 2017 B3.01 MAZZOLA Antarctic site (SAMEECA) exchanges in coastal Antarctic

PENDING New PROPOSALS submitted in Line C of PNRA call 2018 dedcated to 8 7 (decision expected Proposal YOPP (0.5 Meuro + logistic support) in August)

FUNDED AND PLANNING TO DO MORE during YOPP ENDORSED by YOPP

FUNDED PENDING FOR EVALUATION DURING SUMMER

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA ITALIAN ANTARCTIC METEO-CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY (IAMCO) [email protected]

• 15 Automatic Weather Stations (6 WMO, 12 ARGOS, 2 IRIDIUM) • 1 drift station (Driftometer) and 4 snow depth sensors • 2 Radiosounding stations • 12 airstrip weather stations

New tripod mast for AWS Patent ENEA N°RM2007U000244 L. de Silvestri, 2007

Observatory AWS distribution map Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA ITALIAN ANTARCTIC METEO-CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY (IAMCO) [email protected] contribution to the YOPP

MZS

Year of Polar PredictionCONCORDIA in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA ITALIAN ANTARCTIC METEO-CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY (IAMCO) [email protected] contribution to the YOPP

CONCORDIA

MZS

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA ISAC-CNR Radiometric Observations activities in polar regions

– BSRN site (Antarctica, since 2006) – Mario – Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica, 2000) – Ny-Ålesund (79°N Svalbard) Climate Change Tower (Arctic, 2009)

on the NSF tower at 25 m height Specific contribution to YOPP

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

X Jan X X X X X X X X X x... BASE LR0100 → (downwell) X April X X X X X X X X x... LR0300

Extended → upwel (3m) upwel

X Dec X X X X x... (30m) Upwel LR3030

Expanded →

During YOPP SOPs data will be submitted to BSRN archive max Already available on www.bsrn.awi.de one month later Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Clouds effects over the Plateau

SWDown SWUp

Cloudiness produces a negative effect Cloudiness produces a negative effect ranging between –5 and -30 Wm-2 ranging between -5 and -15Wm-2

LWDown LWUp

The effects appears on average The effects appears on average ranging between +10 and +30 Wm-2 ranging between 0 and +7 Wm-2 Antarctic Precipitation Properties from ground-based instruments (APP) Coordinator: N. Roberto Members Unit 1 (ISAC-CNR): L. Baldini, E. Adirosi, E. Gorgucci, S.Dietrich Members Unit 2 (University of Bologna): F. Porcù, R. Rizzi, T. Maestri

Objectives:

• To Set up an observatory at Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS) in order to characterize precipitation in Antarctica and Antarctic hydrological cycle. • Two instruments specific for precipitation observations: a Metek Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and an OTT Parsivel (P1) laser disdrometer, will be integrated to present instrumentation at MZS which includes a ceilometer, an advanced weather station (AWS) and radiosoundings. • Ad hoc post-processing for precipitation in Antarctica will be developed and implanted for P1 and MRR. • Microphysical properties of snow will be supported by results obtained by microphysical models for ice particles and snow by using a realistic microphysical model (SAM+) aiming at represent the natural variability of the snowflakes morphology, simulating the aggregation of a population of single ice crystals. Dataset

During the XXXII Italian Expedition in Antarctica, the disdrometer OTT Parsivel were installed at MSZ. It collected 7739 minutes of precipitation. Seven case studies of precipitation with different duration have been identified. MRR will be added to disdrometer and other meteorological instruments during Austral 2018/19 campaign.

Dataset 2016-2017

* *

Temperature time series at MZS. Red stars indicates precipitation. Green dashed lines defines 3 threshold of Hydrometeor fall velocity and diameter measured by temperatures. Parsivel (mean equivalent diameter for a spherical particle) for the entire dataset. Theoretical curves are plotted for different hydrometeor types: rain (Gunn and Kinzer, 1949), lumb graupel and aggregates (Locatelli and Hobbs, 1974) Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Surface-Atmosphere Mass and Energy Exchanges at a Coastal Antarctic site (SAMEECA)

improve understanding of the surface-atmosphere mass and energy exchanges at an Antarctic coastal site in the Ross Sea through continuous accurate measurements and development/verification of multiscale modelling.

Measurement and analysis of radiation components, atmospheric constituents and energy fluxes, meteorological and micrometeorological parameters, will be implemented jointly by KOPRI, CNR and UNIFI, in a way similar to the collaboration already active in the Arctic.

The project will move along three research lines: (1) atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dynamics and surface-atmosphere interaction; (2) radiative regimes; (3) processes determining atmospheric composition (aerosol and trace gases).

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA performed by the Italian Research Unit

meteorological measurements as well as measurements of several other parameters performed by colleagues of the KOPRI atmospheric division

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA

Trends in the Ross Sea

& T-REx projects

CLIMA moorings

H2

ISW warming at the continental shelf break. HSSW freshening in the Freshening and Terra Nova Bay warming of the Ross polynya and at Sea AABW (Rintoul, 2009) the continental after shelf break. Budillon & Spezie A.S. 2001 Fusco et al., CSR 2009 Budillon et al., JGR 2011 T and S surface measurement 2016-17 cruise (XXXII expedition) XBT observations in the ACC

Location of the 28 XBT cruises from 1994 to 2016. Color scale indicates the bathymetry. http://morsea.uniparthenope.it

Positions of main ACC fronts south of New Zealand from XBT data from 1994 to 2015. Black lines indicate the position of the NSAF and the SSAF. White and blue lines show the position of the PF and of the sACCf respectively. Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Lidar Observatory at Dome C

Scientific activities • Comparison with and validation of satellite based lidar observations. • The lidar was previously installed at McMurdo (1991-2010). Since the launch of CALIPSO with the CALIOP lidar on board simultaneous observations have been made and have been compared by using a statistical approach. Lately a new classification scheme for the CALIOP data has been implemented as a result of the comparison between satellite based and McMurdo based data. • Comparison between ground and satellite based lidar observations and Chemistry Climate Models (CCM).

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Comparison observation vs models

10 • CCMVal CALIOP 8 • Uniform distribution on 6 all latitudes 4 • Too high volume 2 of PSCs PSC THICKNESS [Km] THICKNESS PSC 0 WACCM CCMVal • CCMI • Better zonal rappresentation • Riduces PSC volume WACCM CCMI

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Specific contribution to YOPP

• Observation of cirrus clouds and their correlation with PSC occurrence.

• Improvement of PSC measurements between 20 and 30 km.

• Routine temperature measurements.

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA Thank you for your attention

Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH#3) Planning Meeting, Pyle Center, Madison, July, 19, 2018, Wisconsin, USA