Spatial Distribution of Snow Accumulation and Snowpack
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Office of Polar Programs
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION DRAFT (15 January 2004) FINAL (30 August 2004) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA FINAL COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) Process .......................................................1-1 1.3 Document Organization .............................................................................................................1-2 2.0 BACKGROUND OF SURFACE TRAVERSES IN ANTARCTICA..................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Re-supply Traverses...................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Scientific Traverses and Surface-Based Surveys .......................................................................2-5 3.0 ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................................................3-1 -
Multi-Decadal Surface Temperature Trends in East
MULTI-DECADAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN EAST ANTARCTICA INFERRED FROM BOREHOLE FIRN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS AND GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE METHODS by Atsuhiro Muto B.Sc., Chiba University, Japan, 2003 M.Sc., Chiba University, Japan, 2005 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geography 2010 This thesis entitled: Multi-decadal surface temperature trends in East Antarctica inferred from borehole firn temperature measurements and geophysical inverse methods written by Atsuhiro Muto has been approved for the Department of Geography by _____________________________________ Konrad Steffen _____________________________________ Theodore A. Scambos Date _______________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Muto, Atsuhiro (Ph.D., Geography) Multi-decadal surface temperature trends in East Antarctica inferred from borehole firn temperature measurements and geophysical inverse methods Thesis directed by Professor Konrad Steffen Abstract The climate trend of the Antarctic interior remains unclear relative to the rest of the globe because of a lack of long-term weather records. Recent studies by other authors utilizing sparse available records, satellite data, and models have estimated a significant warming trend in the near-surface air temperature in West Antarctica and weak and poorly constrained warming trend in East Antarctica for the past 50 years. In this dissertation, firn thermal profiling was used to detect multi-decadal surface temperature trends in the interior of East Antarctica where few previous records of any kind exist. -
Where Is the Best Site on Earth? Domes A, B, C, and F, And
Where is the best site on Earth? Saunders et al. 2009, PASP, 121, 976-992 Where is the best site on Earth? Domes A, B, C and F, and Ridges A and B Will Saunders1;2, Jon S. Lawrence1;2;3, John W.V. Storey1, Michael C.B. Ashley1 1School of Physics, University of New South Wales 2Anglo-Australian Observatory 3Macquarie University, New South Wales [email protected] Seiji Kato, Patrick Minnis, David M. Winker NASA Langley Research Center Guiping Liu Space Sciences Lab, University of California Berkeley Craig Kulesa Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona Saunders et al. 2009, PASP, 121 976992 Received 2009 May 26; accepted 2009 July 13; published 2009 August 20 ABSTRACT The Antarctic plateau contains the best sites on earth for many forms of astronomy, but none of the existing bases was selected with astronomy as the primary motivation. In this paper, we try to systematically compare the merits of potential observatory sites. We include South Pole, Domes A, C and F, and also Ridge B (running NE from Dome A), and what we call `Ridge A' (running SW from Dome A). Our analysis combines satellite data, published results and atmospheric models, to compare the boundary layer, weather, aurorae, airglow, precipitable water vapour, thermal sky emission, surface temperature, and the free atmosphere, at each site. We ¯nd that all Antarctic sites are likely to be compromised for optical work by airglow and aurorae. Of the sites with existing bases, Dome A is easily the best overall; but we ¯nd that Ridge A o®ers an even better site. -
Utilisation Des Températures De Surface MODIS Et Du
Using MODIS land surface temperatures and the Crocus snow model to understand the warm bias of ERA- Interim reanalysis at the surface in Antarctica H. Fréville, E. Brun, G. Picard, N. Tatarinova, L. Arnaud, C. Lanconelli, C. Reijmer and M. van den Broeke 7th EARSeL workshop on Land Ice and Snow February 2014 • Introduction • Data and Methods • Evaluation results ▫ LST MODIS evaluation ▫ ERA-Interim and Crocus surface temperature analysis • Conclusions Introduction Use of remote-sensed surface temperature to evaluate the quality of reanalysis and snow model outputs in Antarctica. • Limited use of satellite observations for the evaluation of surface temperature simulations • Ts can be estimated from satellite observations under clear-sky conditions using the thermal emission of the surface in the infrared • Ts is more appropriate than T2m for investigating the energy budget of a snow-covered surface : • Ts : function of the surface energy budget • T2m : diagnosis from the surface temperature and the air temperature at the lowest atmospheric vertical level • Large temperature gradients near the surface Data and method OBSERVATIONS : MODIS surface temperatures Clear-sky satellite observations Hourly data; period : 2000-2011; Resolution ~1km In situ observations 7 stations : Dome C, South Pole, Syowa, Kohnen, Plateau Station B, Pole of Inaccessibility and Princess Elisabeth. MODELS : ERA-Interim surface temperatures ERA-i Ts is derived from the energy balance equation during the forecast step of IFS (Integrated Forecast Model) 3-hourly data; period: 2000-2011; Resolution : 80 km Crocus snow model simulations SURFEX/Crocus ERA-Interim forcing data : T2m, HR2m, U10m, precipitation rate, LWdown, SWdown, Ps, extracted at 0.5° resolution 3H time step. -
Where Is the Best Site on Earth? Domes A, B, C and F, and Ridges a and B
Where is the best site on Earth? Domes A, B, C and F, and Ridges A and B Will Saunders' 2 , Jon S. Lawrence' 2 3 , John W.V. Storey', Michael C.B. Ashley' 1School of Physics, University of New South Wales 2Anglo-Australian Observatory 3Macquarie University, New South Wales [email protected] Seiji Kato, Patrick Minnis, David M. Winker NASA Langley Research Center Guiping Liu Space Sciences Lab, University of California Berkeley Craig Kulesa Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona ABSTRACT The Antarctic plateau contains the best sites on earth for many forms of astronomy, but none of the existing bases were selected with astronomy as the primary motivation. In this paper, we try to systematically compare the merits of potential observatory sites. We include South Pole, Domes A, C and F, and also Ridge B (running NE from Dome A), and what we call ‘Ridge A’ (running SW from Dome A). Our analysis combines satellite data, published results and atmospheric models, to compare the boundary layer, weather, free atmosphere, sky brightness, pecipitable water vapour, and surface temperature at each site. We find that all Antarctic sites are likely compromised for optical work by airglow and aurorae. Of the sites with existing bases, Dome A is the best overall; but we find that Ridge A offers an even better site. We also find that Dome F is a remarkably good site. Dome C is less good as a thermal infrared or terahertz site, but would be able to take advantage of a predicted ‘OH hole’ over Antarctica during Spring. -
Waba Directory 2003
DIAMOND DX CLUB www.ddxc.net WABA DIRECTORY 2003 1 January 2003 DIAMOND DX CLUB WABA DIRECTORY 2003 ARGENTINA LU-01 Alférez de Navió José María Sobral Base (Army)1 Filchner Ice Shelf 81°04 S 40°31 W AN-016 LU-02 Almirante Brown Station (IAA)2 Coughtrey Peninsula, Paradise Harbour, 64°53 S 62°53 W AN-016 Danco Coast, Graham Land (West), Antarctic Peninsula LU-19 Byers Camp (IAA) Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South 62°39 S 61°00 W AN-010 Shetland Islands LU-04 Decepción Detachment (Navy)3 Primero de Mayo Bay, Port Foster, 62°59 S 60°43 W AN-010 Deception Island, South Shetland Islands LU-07 Ellsworth Station4 Filchner Ice Shelf 77°38 S 41°08 W AN-016 LU-06 Esperanza Base (Army)5 Seal Point, Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula 63°24 S 56°59 W AN-016 (Antarctic Peninsula) LU- Francisco de Gurruchaga Refuge (Navy)6 Harmony Cove, Nelson Island, South 62°18 S 59°13 W AN-010 Shetland Islands LU-10 General Manuel Belgrano Base (Army)7 Filchner Ice Shelf 77°46 S 38°11 W AN-016 LU-08 General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army)8 Bertrab Nunatak, Vahsel Bay, Luitpold 77°52 S 34°37 W AN-016 Coast, Coats Land LU-09 General Manuel Belgrano III Base (Army)9 Berkner Island, Filchner-Ronne Ice 77°34 S 45°59 W AN-014 Shelves LU-11 General San Martín Base (Army)10 Barry Island in Marguerite Bay, along 68°07 S 67°06 W AN-016 Fallières Coast of Graham Land (West), Antarctic Peninsula LU-21 Groussac Refuge (Navy)11 Petermann Island, off Graham Coast of 65°11 S 64°10 W AN-006 Graham Land (West); Antarctic Peninsula LU-05 Melchior Detachment (Navy)12 Isla Observatorio -
“O 3 Enhancement Events” (Oees) at Dome A, East Antarctica
Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-130 Earth System Preprint. Discussion started: 5 August 2020 Science c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data Year-round record of near-surface ozone and “O3 enhancement events” (OEEs) at Dome A, East Antarctica Minghu Ding1,2,*, Biao Tian1,*, Michael C. B. Ashley3, Davide Putero4, Zhenxi Zhu5, Lifan Wang5, Shihai Yang6, Chuanjin Li2, Cunde Xiao2, 7 5 1State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia 4CNR–ISAC, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, via Gobetti 101, 40129, 10 Bologna, Italy 5Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210034, China 6Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China 7State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China *These authors contributed equally to this work. 15 Correspondence to: Minghu Ding ([email protected]) Abstract. Dome A, the summit of the east Antarctic Ice Sheet, is an area challenging to access and is one of the harshest environments on Earth. Up until recently, long term automated observations from Dome A were only possible with very low power instruments such as a basic meteorological station. To evaluate the characteristics of near-surface O3, continuous observations were carried out in 2016. Together with observations at the Amundsen-Scott Station (South Pole – SP) and 20 Zhongshan Station (ZS, on the southeast coast of Prydz Bay), the seasonal and diurnal O3 variabilities were investigated. -
Astronomy Within Antarctica
Astronomy within Antarctica The past and the present Nianqi Tang (Petra) December 2010 1 Table of contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 General information on Antarctica 1.2 Past and Present Astronomy sites 2 Advantages of carrying out Astronomical activities in Antarctica 2.1 Atmospheric stability 2.2 Temperature 2.3 Air conditions 2.4 Low seismic activity 2.5 Low level of aerosols 2.6 Continuous observing 2.7 Low artificial light pollution 2.8 Financial aspects 2.9 Contributions 3 Disadvantages of carrying out Astronomical activities in Antarctica 3.1 Sky coverage 3.2 Limited access (maintenance) 3.3 Long periods of twilight 3.4 Pollution (Moon light) 3.5 Environmental and instrumental limitation 3.6 Personnel aspects 3.7 Anomolies 4 The future of Antarctic astronomy 2 Abstract Early astronomy activities were not practiced until the 1950s, however today the activities are undergoing at four plateau sites: the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Concordia Station at Dome A, Kunlun Station at Dome A and Fuji Station at Dome F, in addition to the long duration ballooning from the coastal station of McMurdo, at stations run by the USA, France / Italy, China, Japan and the USA respectively (Indermuehle et al. 2004). All these programs are operating with great difficulties due to natural environment and technology limitations; however the temptation of the ideal astronomical laboratory has always been the driving force to astronomers to overcome the difficulties. This review presents a general introduction of Antarctic astronomy, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of conducting astronomy in Antarctica. At last, the review will summerise the achivements of the past astronomy researches, and looks at the future of astronomy in Antarctica. -
Event-Driven Deposition of Snow on the Antarctic Plateau: Analyzing field Measurements with SNOWPACK
EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Open Access Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Climate Climate of the Past of the Past Discussions Open Access Open Access Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Discussions Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access Instrumentation Instrumentation Methods and Methods and Data Systems Data Systems Discussions Open Access Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Model Development Model Development Discussions Open Access Open Access Hydrology and Hydrology and Earth System Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Ocean Science Ocean Science Discussions Open Access Open Access Solid Earth Solid Earth Discussions The Cryosphere, 7, 333–347, 2013 Open Access Open Access www.the-cryosphere.net/7/333/2013/ The Cryosphere doi:10.5194/tc-7-333-2013 The Cryosphere Discussions © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Event-driven deposition of snow on the Antarctic Plateau: analyzing field measurements with SNOWPACK C. D. Groot Zwaaftink1,4, A. Cagnati2, A. Crepaz2, C. Fierz1, G. Macelloni3, M. Valt2, and M. Lehning1,4 1WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland 2ARPAV CVA, Arabba di Livinallongo, Italy 3Institute of Applied Physics – IFAC-CNR, Florence, Italy 4CRYOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondence to: C. -
YOPP-SH2 Report Final2.Pdf
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION WWRP POLAR PREDICTION PROJECT (WWRP-PPP) YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE PLANNING MEETING 2 (YOPP-SH2) 28–29 JUNE 2017 NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NCAR) NCAR FOOTHILLS LABORATORY 3450 MITCHELL LANE, BOULDER, COLORADO, USA, 80301 Group Photo by Kris Marwitz, NCAR (back row, from left) Naohiko Hirasawa, Kirstin Werner, Lei Han, Kevin Speer, Katsuro Katsumata, Alexander Klepikov, Benjamin Schroeter, Katherine Leonard, Jean-Baptiste Madeleine, Holger Schmithüsen, Karl Newyear, Jordan Powers, Stefano Dolci, Peter Milne, David Mikolajczyk, Deniz Bozkurt, Kyohei Yamada, Eric Bazile, John Fyfe. (middle row, from left) Joellen Russel, David Bromwich, Qizhen Sun, Alvaro Scardilli, Penny Rowe, Aedin Wright, Julien Beaumet, Diana Francis, Matthew Lazzara, Irina Gorodetskaya, Annick Terpstra, Scott Carpentier. (front row, from left) Lynne Talley, Jorge Carrasco, Patrick Heimbach, Mathew Mazzloff, Alexandra Jahn, François Massonnet, Robin Robertson, Sharon Stammerjohn, Inga Smith. YOPP-SH2 28/29 June 2017 Final Report Page 1/44 1. OPENING The second planning meeting for the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) subcommittee was held from 28–29 June 2017 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, USA. David Bromwich, member of the Polar Prediction Project Steering Group (PPP-SG), opened this second meeting (YOPP-SH2). He welcomed participants and explained the two key goals of the meeting. One of these was to compile information on the national activities that will contribute to YOPP-SH (during the June 28th afternoon session). Bromwich pointed out the benefits that all nations will have from a joint effort to improve forecasts in the Southern Hemisphere, in particular with regards to logistics needed to carry out research in and around Antarctica. -
Radiation Climatology at Plateau Station Meteorological
Radiation Climatology at will be added to this battery of instruments in the Plateau Station coming year. It is expected that the total global and shortwave radiation for the midsummer months of December PAUL C. DALRYMPLE and LEANDER A. STROSCHEIN 1966 and January 1967 will reach new highs. On January 10, 1967, Kuhn, using the Kipp normal in- Earth Sciences Laboratory cident pyrheliometer with filters, obtained a series of U.S. Arm y Natick Laboratories readings which resulted in a computed value of 1.76 cal/cm2/min. If this is substantiated after re- The U.S. Army Natick Laboratories (NLABS) calibration of the instrument, it will be the highest conducted a radiation climatology program at Pla- known value ever obtained on Earth for normal in- teau Station throughout the 1966 winter. Mr. Mar- cident radiation. tin Sponholz, of the U.S. Weather Bureau, ESSA, was responsible for the maintenance of the instru- mentation, which Mr. Leander Stroschein of Meteorological Observations at NLABS installed during the 1965-1966 austral Palmer Station, 1965-1966 summer. Continuous measurements were made throughout the year of net and total global radia- ARTHUR S. RUNDLE tion and, throughout days with sunshine, of short- Institute of Polar Studies wave and reflected shortwave radiation. The net Ohio State University and total global radiation were measured with the so-called Funk radiometer, made in Australia, and A program of surface meteorological observations the shortwave and reflected-shortwave radiation has been conducted in conjunction with a glaciologi- were recorded by Kipp solarimeters, made in Hol- cal program at Palmer Station, Anvers Island, since land. -
Representative Surface Snow Density on the East Antarctic Plateau
The Cryosphere, 14, 3663–3685, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3663-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Representative surface snow density on the East Antarctic Plateau Alexander H. Weinhart1, Johannes Freitag1, Maria Hörhold1, Sepp Kipfstuhl1,2, and Olaf Eisen1,3 1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany 2Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany Correspondence: Alexander H. Weinhart ([email protected]) Received: 10 January 2020 – Discussion started: 2 March 2020 Revised: 4 September 2020 – Accepted: 21 September 2020 – Published: 5 November 2020 Abstract. Surface mass balances of polar ice sheets are es- snow density parameterizations for regions with low accu- sential to estimate the contribution of ice sheets to sea level mulation and low temperatures like the EAP. rise. Uncertain snow and firn densities lead to significant uncertainties in surface mass balances, especially in the in- terior regions of the ice sheets, such as the East Antarctic Plateau (EAP). Robust field measurements of surface snow 1 Introduction density are sparse and challenging due to local noise. Here, we present a snow density dataset from an overland traverse Various future scenarios of a warming climate as well as cur- in austral summer 2016/17 on the Dronning Maud Land rent observations in ice sheet mass balance indicate a change plateau. The sampling strategy using 1 m carbon fiber tubes in surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland and Antarc- covered various spatial scales, as well as a high-resolution tic ice sheets (IPCC, 2019).