Copyrighted Material
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Astronomie in Theorie Und Praxis 8. Auflage in Zwei Bänden Erik Wischnewski
Astronomie in Theorie und Praxis 8. Auflage in zwei Bänden Erik Wischnewski Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Beobachtungen mit bloßem Auge 37 Motivation 37 Hilfsmittel 38 Drehbare Sternkarte Bücher und Atlanten Kataloge Planetariumssoftware Elektronischer Almanach Sternkarten 39 2 Atmosphäre der Erde 49 Aufbau 49 Atmosphärische Fenster 51 Warum der Himmel blau ist? 52 Extinktion 52 Extinktionsgleichung Photometrie Refraktion 55 Szintillationsrauschen 56 Angaben zur Beobachtung 57 Durchsicht Himmelshelligkeit Luftunruhe Beispiel einer Notiz Taupunkt 59 Solar-terrestrische Beziehungen 60 Klassifizierung der Flares Korrelation zur Fleckenrelativzahl Luftleuchten 62 Polarlichter 63 Nachtleuchtende Wolken 64 Haloerscheinungen 67 Formen Häufigkeit Beobachtung Photographie Grüner Strahl 69 Zodiakallicht 71 Dämmerung 72 Definition Purpurlicht Gegendämmerung Venusgürtel Erdschattenbogen 3 Optische Teleskope 75 Fernrohrtypen 76 Refraktoren Reflektoren Fokus Optische Fehler 82 Farbfehler Kugelgestaltsfehler Bildfeldwölbung Koma Astigmatismus Verzeichnung Bildverzerrungen Helligkeitsinhomogenität Objektive 86 Linsenobjektive Spiegelobjektive Vergütung Optische Qualitätsprüfung RC-Wert RGB-Chromasietest Okulare 97 Zusatzoptiken 100 Barlow-Linse Shapley-Linse Flattener Spezialokulare Spektroskopie Herschel-Prisma Fabry-Pérot-Interferometer Vergrößerung 103 Welche Vergrößerung ist die Beste? Blickfeld 105 Lichtstärke 106 Kontrast Dämmerungszahl Auflösungsvermögen 108 Strehl-Zahl Luftunruhe (Seeing) 112 Tubusseeing Kuppelseeing Gebäudeseeing Montierungen 113 Nachführfehler -
Thanet Astronomy Group Astronomy for Everyone in Plain English
Thanet Astronomy Group Astronomy for Everyone in Plain English What to see December 29th Constellation (Orion) Stars (Betelguese, Bellatrix, Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka, Rigel, Saiph,) Asterism (The Winter Triangle) Stars (Betelguese, Sirius, Procyon) November to March the constellation Orion the Hunter is at its best. There are some 20 prominent stars in this constellation. The brightest and more easily observed stars are the 8 in the main body. The other stars form Orion's right arm with club, and a slain animal in his left hand. These stars are dimmer and difficult to see due to light pollution. At 8:00pm Looking South East at 119° up to 30° you see the star Betelguese, the top left corner of Orion, a red super giant, more than 1½ billion kms in diameter. Look at 127° up to 33° you see the star Bellatrix, the top right corner of Orion, at 8½ million kms in diameter. Look at 128° down to 24° you see Alnitak, the first of three stars side by side, forming Orion's belt. Alnitak, Alnilam (at 128° 25°) and Mintaka (at 129° 26°). Probably one of the more easily recognised groups of stars in this area of sky. Look at 137° down to 21° you see the star Rigel, the bottom right corner of Orion. A blue/white super giant, 108 million kms in diameter. Look at 130° down to 16° you see the star Saiph the bottom left corner of Orion, nearly 31 million kms in diameter. Orion Stars Orion the Hunter In August I wrote about The Summer Triangle. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses First visibility of the lunar crescent and other problems in historical astronomy. Fatoohi, Louay J. How to cite: Fatoohi, Louay J. (1998) First visibility of the lunar crescent and other problems in historical astronomy., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/996/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk me91 In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful >° 9 43'' 0' eji e' e e> igo4 U61 J CO J: lic 6..ý v Lo ý , ý.,, "ý J ýs ýºý. ur ý,r11 Lýi is' ý9r ZU LZJE rju No disaster can befall on the earth or in your souls but it is in a book before We bring it into being; that is easy for Allah. In order that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you; and Allah does not love any prideful boaster. -
Requirements of Timely Performance in Time and Voyage Charterparties
Graduate School REQUIREMENTS OF TIMELY PERFORMANCE IN TIME AND VOYAGE CHARTERPARTIES - AN EXPLORATION OF THEIR IDENTITY, SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS UNDER ENGLISH LAW Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Tamaraudoubra Tom Egbe School of Law University of Leicester 2019 Abstract REQUIREMENTS OF TIMELY PERFORMANCE IN TIME AND VOYAGE CHARTERPARTIES - AN EXPLORATION OF THEIR IDENTITY, SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS UNDER ENGLISH LAW By Tamaraudoubra Tom Egbe The importance of time in the performance of contractual obligations under sea carriage of goods arrangements are until now little explored. For the avoidance of breach, certain obligations and responsibilities of the parties to the contract need to be performed promptly. Ocean transport is an expensive venture and a shipowner could suffer considerable financial losses if an unnecessary but serious delay interrupt the vessel’s earning power in the course of the charterer’s performance of his contractual obligation. On the other hand, a charterer could also incur a substantial loss if arrangements for the shipment and receipt of cargo fail to go according to plan as a result of the shipowner’s failure to perform his charterparty obligation timely and with reasonable diligence. With these considerations in mind, this thesis critically explores the concept of timely performance in the discharge of the contractual obligations of parties to a contract of carriage. While the thesis is not an expository of the occurrence of time in all the obligations of parties to the carriage contract, it focusses particularly on the identity, scope, and limitations of timeliness in the context of timely payment of hire, laytime and reasonable despatch. -
C. Mintaka, Alnitak, Alnilam
Post-18.1: This graph shows the functional form of the dependence of the parallax angle on the distance an object is from Earth. If the minimum parallax angle we could measure were 0.5 arcsec, what is the maximum distance of a star that we could measure? a. ~ 1.00 arcsec b. ~ 2.2 pc c. ~ 10 pc ©2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 8 Post-18.1: This graph shows the functional form of the dependence of the parallax angle on the distance an object is from Earth. If the minimum parallax angle we could measure were 0.5 arcsec, what is the maximum distance of a star that we could measure? a. ~ 1.00 arcsec b. ~ 2.2 pc c. ~ 10 pc ©2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 9 Post-18.2: The Moon never stops in its orbit; however, it is possible to get an exact measurement of its parallax and thus its distance at any given moment. How would we get the parallax shift of the Moon? a. Take simultaneous measurements from two locations. b. Take two measurements at different times from one location. c. Take two measurements from the same location at the same phase of the Moon. ©2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 10 Post-18.2: The Moon never stops in its orbit; however, it is possible to get an exact measurement of its parallax and thus its distance at any given moment. How would we get the parallax shift of the Moon? a. Take simultaneous measurements from two locations. b. Take two measurements at different times from one location. -
A Method for Identifying the Pleiades Star Cluster in a Khipu From
Saez-Rodríguez. A. (2012). An Ethnomathematics Exercise for Analyzing a Khipu Sample from Pachacamac (Perú). Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática. 5(1). 62-88 Artículo recibido el 1 de diciembre de 2011; Aceptado para publicación el 30 de enero de 2012 An Ethnomathematics Exercise for Analyzing a Khipu Sample from Pachacamac (Perú) Ejercicio de Etnomatemática para el análisis de una muestra de quipu de Pachacamac (Perú) Alberto Saez-Rodríguez1 Abstract A khipu sample studied by Gary Urton embodies an unusual division into quarters. Urton‟s research findings allow us to visualize the information in the pairing quadrants, which are determined by the distribution of S- and Z-knots, to provide overall information that is helpful for identifying the celestial coordinates of the brightest stars in the Pleiades cluster. In the present study, the linear regression attempts to model the relationship between two variables (which are determined by the distribution of the S- and Z-knots). The scatter plot illustrates the results of our simple linear regression: suggesting a map of the Pleiades represented by seven points on the Cartesian coordinate plane. Keywords: Inca khipu, Linear regression analysis, Celestial coordinate system, Pleiades. Resumen Una muestra de quipu estudiada por Gary Urton comporta una división por cuadrantes poco común. Utilizando dicho hallazgo de Urton, podemos visualizar la información contenida en los pares de cuadrantes, la cual está determinada por una distribución de nudos con orientaciones opuestas de „S‟ y de „Z‟, brindándonos, así, toda la información necesaria para identificar las coordenadas celestes de las estrellas más brillantes del cúmulo de las Pléyades. En el presente estudio se usa el análisis de la Regresión Lineal con el fin de construir un modelo que permita predecir el comportamiento de la variable dependiente y (valores de los nudos con orientación de „Z‟) en función de la variable independiente x (valores de los nudos con orientación de „S‟). -
Extraterrestrial Places in the Cthulhu Mythos
Extraterrestrial places in the Cthulhu Mythos 1.1 Abbith A planet that revolves around seven stars beyond Xoth. It is inhabited by metallic brains, wise with the ultimate se- crets of the universe. According to Friedrich von Junzt’s Unaussprechlichen Kulten, Nyarlathotep dwells or is im- prisoned on this world (though other legends differ in this regard). 1.2 Aldebaran Aldebaran is the star of the Great Old One Hastur. 1.3 Algol Double star mentioned by H.P. Lovecraft as sidereal The double star Algol. This infrared imagery comes from the place of a demonic shining entity made of light.[1] The CHARA array. same star is also described in other Mythos stories as a planetary system host (See Ymar). The following fictional celestial bodies figure promi- nently in the Cthulhu Mythos stories of H. P. Lovecraft and other writers. Many of these astronomical bodies 1.4 Arcturus have parallels in the real universe, but are often renamed in the mythos and given fictitious characteristics. In ad- Arcturus is the star from which came Zhar and his “twin” dition to the celestial places created by Lovecraft, the Lloigor. Also Nyogtha is related to this star. mythos draws from a number of other sources, includ- ing the works of August Derleth, Ramsey Campbell, Lin Carter, Brian Lumley, and Clark Ashton Smith. 2 B Overview: 2.1 Bel-Yarnak • Name. The name of the celestial body appears first. See Yarnak. • Description. A brief description follows. • References. Lastly, the stories in which the celes- 3 C tial body makes a significant appearance or other- wise receives important mention appear below the description. -
Winter Observing Notes
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory Winter Observing Notes Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Tour of the Sky with the Naked Eye NGC 457 CASSIOPEIA eta Cas Look for Notice how the constellations 5 the ‘W’ swing around Polaris during shape the night Is Dubhe yellowish compared 2 Polaris to Merak? Dubhe 3 Merak URSA MINOR Kochab 1 Is Kochab orange Pherkad compared to Polaris? THE PLOUGH 4 Mizar Alcor Figure 1: Sketch of the northern sky in winter. North 1. On leaving the planetarium, turn around and look northwards over the roof of the building. To your right is a group of stars like the outline of a saucepan standing up on it’s handle. This is the Plough (also called the Big Dipper) and is part of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The top two stars are called the Pointers. Check with binoculars. Not all stars are white. The colour shows that Dubhe is cooler than Merak in the same way that red-hot is cooler than white-hot. 2. Use the Pointers to guide you to the left, to the next bright star. This is Polaris, the Pole (or North) Star. Note that it is not the brightest star in the sky, a common misconception. Below and to the right are two prominent but fainter stars. These are Kochab and Pherkad, the Guardians of the Pole. Look carefully and you will notice that Kochab is slightly orange when compared to Polaris. Check with binoculars. © Rob Peeling, CaDAS, 2007 version 2.0 Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Polaris, Kochab and Pherkad mark the constellation Ursa Minor, the Little Bear. -
Educator's Guide: Orion
Legends of the Night Sky Orion Educator’s Guide Grades K - 8 Written By: Dr. Phil Wymer, Ph.D. & Art Klinger Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………....3 Constellations; General Overview……………………………………..4 Orion…………………………………………………………………………..22 Scorpius……………………………………………………………………….36 Canis Major…………………………………………………………………..45 Canis Minor…………………………………………………………………..52 Lesson Plans………………………………………………………………….56 Coloring Book…………………………………………………………………….….57 Hand Angles……………………………………………………………………….…64 Constellation Research..…………………………………………………….……71 When and Where to View Orion…………………………………….……..…77 Angles For Locating Orion..…………………………………………...……….78 Overhead Projector Punch Out of Orion……………………………………82 Where on Earth is: Thrace, Lemnos, and Crete?.............................83 Appendix………………………………………………………………………86 Copyright©2003, Audio Visual Imagineering, Inc. 2 Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Introduction It is our belief that “Legends of the Night sky: Orion” is the best multi-grade (K – 8), multi-disciplinary education package on the market today. It consists of a humorous 24-minute show and educator’s package. The Orion Educator’s Guide is designed for Planetarians, Teachers, and parents. The information is researched, organized, and laid out so that the educator need not spend hours coming up with lesson plans or labs. This has already been accomplished by certified educators. The guide is written to alleviate the fear of space and the night sky (that many elementary and middle school teachers have) when it comes to that section of the science lesson plan. It is an excellent tool that allows the parents to be a part of the learning experience. The guide is devised in such a way that there are plenty of visuals to assist the educator and student in finding the Winter constellations. -
Sky Notes by Neil Bone 2005 August & September
Sky notes by Neil Bone 2005 August & September below Castor and Pollux. Mercury is soon ing June and July, it is still quite possible that Sun and Moon lost from view again, arriving at superior con- noctilucent clouds (NLC) could be seen into junction beyond the Sun on September 18. early August, particularly by observers at The Sun continues its southerly progress along Venus continues its rather unfavourable more northerly locations. Quite how late into the ecliptic, reaching the autumnal equinox showing as an ‘Evening Star’. Although it August NLC can be seen remains to be deter- position at 22h 23m Universal Time (UT = pulls out to over 40° elongation east of the mined: there have been suggestions that the GMT; BST minus 1 hour) on September 22. Sun during September, Venus is also heading visibility period has become longer in recent At that precise time, the centre of the solar southwards, and as a result its setting-time years. Observational reports will be welcomed disk is positioned at the intersection between after the Sun remains much the same − barely by the Aurora Section. the celestial equator and the ecliptic, the latter an hour − during this interval. Although bright While declining sunspot activity makes great circle on the sky being inclined by 23.5° at magnitude −4, Venus will be quite tricky major aurorae extending to lower latitudes to the former. Calendrical autumn begins at the to catch in the early twilight: viewing cir- less likely, the appearance of coronal holes equinox, but amateur astronomers might more cumstances don’t really improve until the in the latter parts of the cycle does bring the readily follow meteorological timing, wherein closing weeks of 2005. -
A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Capturing the Starlight
Capturing the starlight Welcome Celestial sights for 2016 Welcome to the 2nd edition of the IFAS calendar, highlighting many items of interest during 2016 for the keen sky watcher. Eclipses Occultations Our first calendar was a great success and let IFAS buy and A total solar eclipse on March 9th tracks across Sumatra, A daylight occultation of Venus occurs on April 6th, while the distribute 1,500 eclipse shades free in time for the March 20th Borneo, Sulawesi, and a narrow span of the Pacific Ocean. East planet Jupiter lies a scant 4° from the Sun when occulted on solar eclipse. Due to various issues we have been unable to Asia, Australia, and Pacific regions, see a partial eclipse. September 30th. This is a very risky event to observe due to print up the calendar in time for distribution before the start of Jupiter’s nearness to the Sun. Neptune is occulted 3 times in The penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23rd is visible from 2016. As a result we have made the calendar freely available 2016 from the UK/Ireland — compute local circumstances via the Americas, Asia, and Australia. This eclipse has a maximum for people to download. Until the 2017 calendar, we wish you eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/cgi-bin/koyomi/occulx_p_en.cgi the astronomer’s adieu; Clear skies! magnitude of 77%. Nothing will be seen of the penumbral lunar eclipse of August 18th as the Moon's disk barely brushes the Asteroid occultations are only given for stars brighter than Contact us, link up with the Irish astronomy community, or outer edge of the northern part of the Earth's penumbral shadow.