DOCSLIB.ORG

Iron-Mediated C–H Coupling of Arylsulfides and Simple Terminal Alkenes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Iron-Mediated C–H Coupling of Arylsulfides and Simple Terminal Alkenes Iron-mediated C–H coupling of arylsulfides and simple terminal alkenes A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2016 Craig W. Cavanagh School of Chemistry Contents Index of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 6 Index of Schemes ................................................................................................................... 7 Index of Tables ..................................................................................................................... 10 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 11 Declaration ........................................................................................................................... 12 Copyright Statement ............................................................................................................ 13 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 15 Abbreviations and Definitions ............................................................................................. 16 1. Organoiron Chemistry .................................................................................................. 20 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 20 1.2 Cross-Coupling Reactions................................................................................................. 20 1.2.1 Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles ............................................................................... 22 1.2.2 Couplings of Aryl Electrophiles ............................................................................... 26 1.2.3 Coupling of Heteroaromatic Compounds ................................................................. 29 1.3 C–H Bond Activation ....................................................................................................... 30 1.3.1 Activation of sp2 C–H bonds ..................................................................................... 31 1.3.2 Activation of sp3 C–H bonds..................................................................................... 35 1.4 Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling ..................................................................................... 38 1.4.1 CDC of two sp3 C–H bonds ...................................................................................... 38 1.4.2 CDC between sp2 and sp3 C–H bonds ....................................................................... 40 1.4.3 CDC in Domino Processes ........................................................................................ 42 1.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 44 2. Iron-mediated Coupling of Arylsulfides with Silanes .................................................. 45 2.1 Introduction to Pummerer and Pummerer-Type Reactions .............................................. 45 2.1.1 Classical Pummerer Rearrangement ......................................................................... 45 2.1.2 Aromatic Pummerer-Type Reactions ........................................................................ 46 2.2 Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................... 48 3 2.2.1 Proposed Project ....................................................................................................... 48 2.2.2 Preliminary Reaction ................................................................................................ 49 2.2.3 Synthesis of Biarylsulfide Starting Materials ........................................................... 50 2.2.4 Solvent Screen .......................................................................................................... 50 2.2.5 Oxidant Screen ......................................................................................................... 51 2.2.6 Changing The Addition Rate of Allyl Silane ............................................................ 53 2.2.7 Changing Reagent Stoichiometry ............................................................................. 54 2.2.8 Other Biaryl Sulfides ................................................................................................ 55 2.2.9 Reaction with an unfunctionalised alkene ................................................................ 56 3. Metal-catalysed Reactions of Arenes and Alkenes ...................................................... 57 3.1 Oxidative Coupling of Arenes and Alkenes ..................................................................... 57 3.1.1 Examples of Directing Groups ................................................................................. 58 3.1.2 Sulfur Directing Groups in Oxidative Alkenylations ............................................... 61 3.2 Hydroarylation of Alkenes ............................................................................................... 65 3.3 Iron-mediated Functionalisation of Alkenes..................................................................... 68 3.4 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 70 4. Iron-mediated Chloroarylation of Alkenes ................................................................... 71 4.1 This Work ......................................................................................................................... 71 4.2 Optimisation Studies ......................................................................................................... 71 4.2.1 Solvent Screen .......................................................................................................... 71 4.2.2 Oxidant Screen ......................................................................................................... 72 4.2.3 Investigation of Bases and Additives........................................................................ 74 4.2.4 Further Optimisation Studies .................................................................................... 75 4.2.5 Controlled Addition of Reagents .............................................................................. 77 4.3 Substrate Scope ................................................................................................................. 78 4.3.1 Variation of Alkene Coupling Partners .................................................................... 78 4.3.2 Variation of Arene Coupling Partners ...................................................................... 82 4.3.3 Use of Other Aryl Sulfides ....................................................................................... 85 4.4 Mechanistic Studies .......................................................................................................... 87 4 4.4.1 Proposed Mechanism ................................................................................................ 87 4.4.2 Cyclic Voltammetry .................................................................................................. 90 4.4.3 Solvent Investigations ............................................................................................... 91 4.4.4 Use of Other Oxidants ............................................................................................... 91 4.4.5 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ............................................................................ 93 4.4.6 Alternative Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 94 4.5 Towards a Catalytic Process ............................................................................................. 96 4.5.1 Iron Catalysis ............................................................................................................ 96 4.5.2 Photoredox Catalysis................................................................................................. 97 4.6 Product Manipulation ...................................................................................................... 101 4.6.1 Formation of Dihydrobenzofuran Motifs ................................................................ 104 4.7 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 109 4.8 Future Work .................................................................................................................... 110 4.8.1 Iron-mediated Chloroarylation of Alkenes ............................................................. 110 4.8.2 Manipulation of Allylation Products – The Truce-Smiles Rearrangement ............. 112 5. Experimental ............................................................................................................... 116 5.1 General Experimental ..................................................................................................... 116 5.2 Cyclic Voltammetry ........................................................................................................ 116 5.3 Sulfide Synthesis ............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pearson-CV-15.Pdf
    A. J. Pearson/C.V. January 2016 Curriculum Vitae Anthony J. Pearson Academic Rank: Rudolph & Susan Rense Professor of Chemistry Birthplace: Kingswinford, England. Citizenship: British; U.S. Naturalized Citizen. Education: University of Leeds, England, B.Sc. Hons. Class 1, 1971, Chemistry. Aston University, England, Ph.D., 1974, Organic Chemistry. Awards & Honors: Akroyd Scholarship (1969), Whytlaw-Gray Prize for Chemistry (1971), and Dawson Prize for Physical Chemistry (1971), University of Leeds. Sir Gilbert Morgan Medal (1973), Society for Chemical Industry, U.K. Science and Engineering Research Council (U.K.) Advanced Fellowship (1977-82). Sigma Xi Research Award (1984), Case Western Reserve University. John S. Diekhoff Award for Distinguished Graduate Teaching (1994), Case Western Reserve University. Visiting Scientist, Chemistry Research Promotion Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., May 1990. Visiting Professor, University of Auckland, New Zealand, July/August, 1995. Chairman-Elect, American Chemical Society, Cleveland Section, 1999. Chairman, 2000. Finalist (one of three) for Northern Ohio Live 2001 Award of Achievement in Architecture, with R. Bostwick, N. Distad, K. Kutina, and N. Rushforth, for design of Agnar Pytte Science Center at CWRU. Case Alumni Association, Recognition of Meritorious Service, 2003. Experience: 1963-66 Chemist. Industrial research and analytical laboratories. Albright & Wilson; British Steel; West Midlands Gas Board. Semi-professional musician. 1974-77 Postdoctoral Research Fellow, with Arthur J. Birch. Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. 1977-82 SERC Advanced Fellow. Cambridge University Chemical Laboratory. 1978-81 Pauline Merz Official Fellow and Lecturer in Chemistry. Girton College, Cambridge University. 1979-81 Tutor. Girton College, Cambridge University. 1982-84 Associate Professor of Chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • 04. M.SC Chemistry
    DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI VISION The Department of Chemistry at Anna University shall strive towards attaining world class status and recognition by producing students with sound knowledge, professional skills, high levels of integrity and ethical values. The Department shall provide an outstanding ambience for teaching, research and consultancy.The Department shall perform frontier research and create knowledge base in theoretical and appliedchemistry, polymeric and catalytic materials, fuel and energy related processes and materials, environmental chemistry and other transdisciplinary areas of technological importance. MISSION The Department of Chemistry, Anna University shall contribute to the educational, economic and social development: By producing postgraduates and Doctorates who are equipped with thorough knowledge in Chemistry, analytical thinking, practical skills and ethics. By inspiring the students to be creative thinkers, inspirational role models and citizens with environmental and social consciousness. By introducing high quality academic and research programmes in Chemistry and enabling interaction with experts from around the world in the fields of Chemistry. By ensuring a supportive ambience in the Department with dynamic leadership and growth opportunities to meet the needs of the students, faculty and staff. By promoting the development of technologically and socially relevant processes and products in the fields of catalysis, polymers, corrosion resistance coatings and energy conversion through academic and sponsored research, in collaboration with global research groups. By sharing the intellectual resources and infrastructural facilities of the Department of Chemistry among the academic fraternity of the University campus and other Institutions, among the industrial research groups, funding agencies and the Government. By facilitating collaborative partnership with industries and other institutions and catalyseinnovation, transfer of technology and commercialization towards fulfilling societal developments.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium Transport in Crown Ether Polymers
    Durham E-Theses Lithium transport in crown ether polymers Collie, Luke E. How to cite: Collie, Luke E. (1995) Lithium transport in crown ether polymers, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5196/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Lithium Transport in Crown Ether Polymers Luke E. Collie BSc. (Hons.) University of Durham Department of Chemistry The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 1995 1 6 JAN 1996 Statement of Copyright The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Publications
    List of Publications 316. D. Mishig, M. Gruner, T. Lübken, C. Ganbaatar, D. Regdel, H.-J. Knölker, Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 13740: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Pyridine Alkaloids from the Aerial Parts of the Mongolian Medicinal Plant Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. 315. A. K. Solanki, M. R. Biswal, S. Walterhouse, R. Martin, A. A. Kondkar, H.-J. Knölker, B. Rahman, E. Arif, S. Husain, S. R. Montezuma, D. Nihalani, G. P. Lobo, Cells 2021, 10, 1322: Loss of Motor Protein MYO1C Causes Rhodopsin Mislocation and Results in Impaired Visual Function. 314. A. Åslund, M. H. Bokhari, E. Wetterdal, R. Martin, H.-J. Knölker, T. Bengtsson, Mol. Metab. 2021, 53, 101247: Myosin 1c: A Novel Regulator of Glucose Uptake in Brown Adipocytes. 313. F. Puls, P. Linke, O. Kataeva, H.-J. Knölker, Angew. Chem. 2021, 133, 14202–14209; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 14083–14090: Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis, Part 148. Iron- Catalyzed Wacker-type Oxidation of Olefins at Room Temperature with 1,3-Diketones or Neocuproine as Ligands. 312. M. Witting, U. Schmidt, H.-J. Knölker, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2021, 413, 2091–2102: UHPLC-IM- Q-ToFMS Analysis of Maradolipids, Found Exclusively in Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larvae. 311. H.-J. Knölker, Sitzungsberichte der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig – Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, S. Hirzel, Suttgart/Leipzig, 2021, Band 133, Heft 4, S. 1–30: Katalyse – Eine Renaissance der „Eisenzeit“? 310. S. Vellino, C. Oddou, P. Rivier, C. Boyault, E. Hiriart-Bryant, A. Kraut, R. Martin, Y. Coute, H.-J. Knölker, M. A. Valverde, C. Albigès-Rizo, O. Destaing, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Catalysis in Organic Chemistry
    Iron Catalysis in Organic Chemistry Reactions and Applications Edited by Bernd Plietker Iron Catalysis in Organic Chemistry Edited by Bernd Plietker Related Titles Cornils, B., Herrmann, W. A., Muhler, M., Wong, C.-H. (eds.) Catalysis from A to Z A Concise Encyclopedia 2007 ISBN: 978-3-527-31438-6 Tietze, L. F., Brasche, G., Gericke, K. M. Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis 2006 SBN: 978-3-527-29060-4 Yudin, A. K. (ed.) Aziridines and Epoxides in Organic Synthesis 2006 ISBN: 978-3-527-31213-9 Cornils, B., Herrmann, W. A., Horvath, I. T., Leitner, W., Mecking, S., Olivier-Bourbigou, H., Vogt, D. (eds.) Multiphase Homogeneous Catalysis 2005 ISBN: 978-3-527-30721-0 Christoffers, J., Baro, A. (eds.) Quaternary Stereocenters Challenges and Solutions for Organic Synthesis 2005 ISBN: 978-3-527-31107-1 Dyker, G. (ed.) Handbook of C-H Transformations Applications in Organic Synthesis 2005 ISBN: 978-3-527-31074-6 Knochel, P. (ed.) Handbook of Functionalized Organometallics Applications in Synthesis 2005 ISBN: 978-3-527-31131-6 Iron Catalysis in Organic Chemistry Reactions and Applications Edited by Bernd Plietker The Editor All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and Prof. Dr. Bernd Plietker publisher do not warrant the information contained Institut für Organische Chemie in these books, including this book, to be free of Universität Stuttgart errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that Pfaffenwaldring 55 statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or 70569 Stuttgart other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Germany Library of Congress Card No.: applied for British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The synthesis and potential applications of asymmetric silacycles Matthews, Jennifer Louise How to cite: Matthews, Jennifer Louise (1994) The synthesis and potential applications of asymmetric silacycles, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5504/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk The Synthesis and Potential Applications of Asymmetric Silacycles The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Jennifer Louise Matthews, B.Sc. (Hons) Ph.D. Thesis University of Durham November 1994 COPYRIGHT The copyright of this work rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without prior consent. Information derived from this thesis should be acknowledged. DECLARATION The work contained in this thesis was carried out in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Durham between October 1991 and September 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Complexes and (Dienyl)Iron Cations in Organic Synthesis William Donaldson Marquette University, [email protected]
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by epublications@Marquette Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications Chemistry, Department of 8-1-2009 Recent Applications of Acyclic (Diene)iron Complexes and (Dienyl)iron Cations in Organic Synthesis William Donaldson Marquette University, [email protected] Subhabrata Chaudhury Marquette University Accepted version. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Volume 2009, Issue 23 (August 2009). pp 3831-3843. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900141 © 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag. Used with permission. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the article, which has been published in final form. NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author’s final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page. Recent Applications of Acyclic (Diene)iron Complexes and (Dienyl)iron Cations in Organic Synthesis William A. Donaldson Department of Chemistry, Marquette University Milwaukee, WI Subhabrata Chaudhury Department of Chemistry, Marquette University Milwaukee, WI Abstract: Complexation of (tricarbonyl)iron to an acyclic diene serves to protect the ligand against oxidation, reduction and cycloaddition reactions while the steric bulk of this adjunct serves to direct the approach reagents to unsaturated groups attached to the diene onto the face opposite to iron. Furthermore, the Fe(CO)3 moiety can serve to stabilize carbocation centers adjacent to the diene (i.e. pentadienyl-iron cations). Recent applications of these reactivities to the synthesis of polyene, cyclopropane, cycloheptadiene and cyclohexenone containing natural products or analogs will be presented. Keywords: Diene ligands, Iron, Synthetic methods, Regioselective nucleophilic addition.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron(III) As Lewis Acid Catalyst in Organosilicon and Carbonyl Chemistry
    Risto Savela Iron(III) as Lewis Acid Catalyst in Organosilicon and Carbonyl Chemistry Iron(III) as Lewis Acid Catalyst in Organosilicon and Carbonyl Chemistry Acid Catalyst in Organosilicon Iron(III) as Lewis Risto Savela Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Åbo Akademi University ISBN 978-952-12-3205-3 Åbo, Finland Painosalama Oy – Turku, Finland 2015 2015 2015 Iron(III) as Lewis Acid Catalyst in Organosilicon and Carbonyl Chemistry Risto Savela Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Åbo Akademi University Åbo, Finland 2015 Supervisor and Custos Professor Reko Leino Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Åbo Akademi University Åbo, Finland Opponent Dr. George Britovsek Department of Chemistry Imperial College London London, United Kingdom Reviewers Professor Timo Repo Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland and Professor Hans Adolfsson Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden ISBN 978-952-12-3206-0 Painosalama Oy – Turku, Finland 2015 Remember kids, the only difference between screwing around and science, is writing it down. Adam Savage PREFACE The present work was carried out at the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University between the years 2009 and 2015. Financial support from the former National Graduate School of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stiftelsen för Åbo Akademi, Magnus Ehrnrooth foundation, Orion Farmos Research foundation, Rector of Åbo Akademi and Kemian Päivien säätiö is gratefully acknowledged. I wish to express my gratitude to my supervisor Professor Reko Leino for giving me the opportunity to join the research group, giving me a chance to venture into the world of iron catalysis and for his patience and support during these years.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Organometallic Complexes of Early and Late Metals and the Functionalization of Polydienes Bradley M
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of organometallic complexes of early and late metals and the functionalization of polydienes Bradley M. Schmidt Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Inorganic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Schmidt, Bradley M., "Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of organometallic complexes of early and late metals and the functionalization of polydienes" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17095. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17095 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of organometallic complexes of early and late metals and the functionalization of polydienes by Bradley M. Schmidt A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Inorganic Chemistry Program of Study Committee: Aaron D. Sadow, Major Professor Wenyu Huang Levi Stanley Javier Vela Theresa Windus The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Bradley M. Schmidt, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The surface chemistry of polymeric bioseparation materials Tasker, Simon How to cite: Tasker, Simon (1996) The surface chemistry of polymeric bioseparation materials, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5333/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk A Thesis Entitled THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERIC BIOSEPARATION MATERIALS Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Simon Tasker, BSc. (Dunelm) November 1996 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pubhshed without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham 4 JAN 1997 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my parents and my sister who have always enouraged me to do my best, I couldn't have achieved this without their love and support.
    [Show full text]
  • Download The
    Design of Star-Shaped Organoiron Oligomers with Azo Chromophores by Man Ding A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in The College of Graduate Studies (Chemistry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2011 © Man Ding 2011 Abstract The synthesis and characterization of novel star-shaped oligomers containing cationic η6-chloroarene-η5-cyclopentadienyliron(II) complexes functionalized with azo chromophores were described in the thesis. Star-shaped macromolecules and dendrimers are of great interest for their application in light-harvesting systems, drug delivery, catalysis, and solvents. The incorporation of cationic η6-chloroarene-η5- cyclopentadienyliron moieties can enhance solubility and facilitate nucleophilic aromatic substitution and addition reactions due to the intense electron-withdrawing ability of the iron center. On the other hand, the azo dye chromophore in the oligomers has many applications due to its unique photophysical properties and acid-sensing capabilities. Controlled synthetic methods involving both convergent and divergent approaches were employed to give distinct symmetrical branches that alternate between organoiron complexes and azobenzene moieties. Preparation of these molecules was achieved via metal-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitutions and Steglich esterifications. These oligomers and their precursors were characterized through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cyclic
    [Show full text]
  • Chemicals Purported to Be Endocrine Disrupters
    Chemicals purported to be endocrine disrupters A compilation of published lists INCLUSION OF A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE IN THIS REPORT SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN TO CONSTITUTE ANY ENDORSEMENT OF ITS STATUS AS A PROVEN OR POTENTIAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING OR MODIFYING AGENT BY EITHER IEH OR DEFRA IEH Web Report W20 MARCH 2005 The Institute for Environment and Health was established by the Medical Research Council at the University of Leicester in 1993. The Institute is principally funded by UK Government Departments and Agencies by way of specific research and consultancy contracts. This report was prepared by the MRC Institute for Environment and Health for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and issued in June 2002. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of any Government Department or Agency. Written by C Botham and P Holmes Reviewed and edited by P Harrison and E Stutt Web Report edited by J Emeny IEH will continue to make this document available at this Web site (or by a link to a different site). Any changes to its contents will be clearly recorded, either by a note of corrigenda or the issue of a new edition, identified by an amended report reference number and date. A copy of this document is also held at the British Lending Library. Please cite as: IEH (2005) Chemicals Purported to be Endocrine Disrupters: A Compilation of Published Lists (Web Report W20), Leicester, UK, MRC Institute for Environment and Health, available at http://www.le.ac.uk/ieh/ ©Institute for Environment and Health, 2005 ISBN 1 899110
    [Show full text]