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The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) Program
The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) Program David Randall Peterman Analyst in Transportation Policy January 31, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44028 The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) Program Summary Congress created the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) program to offer long-term, low-cost loans to railroad operators, with particular attention to small freight railroads, to help them finance improvements to infrastructure and investments in equipment. The program is intended to operate at no cost to the government, and it does not receive an annual appropriation. Since 2000, the RRIF program has made 37 loans totaling $5.4 billion (valued at $5.9 billion in 2018 dollars). The program, which is administered by the Build America Bureau within the Office of the Secretary of Transportation, has approved only four loans since 2012. Congress has authorized $35 billion in loan authority for the RRIF program and repeatedly has urged the Department of Transportation (DOT) to increase the number of loans the program makes. Reports suggest the uncertain length and outcome of the RRIF loan application process and the up-front costs to prospective borrowers are among the elements of the program that have reduced its appeal compared with other financing options available to railroads. By statute, the Build America Bureau has 90 days from the time a completed application is submitted to render a decision on the application. This timeline becomes uncertain due to the Bureau’s discretion in determining when a loan application is “complete.” A 2014 audit indicated that some loan applications had been in process for more than a year. -
Economics of Improved TOFC/COFC Systems Robert H
6 basis. On a "maximum" cost basis, however, the ser high-rate service. At profitable rates, the Philadelphia vice is unprofitable at all rate levels. Cleveland and Chicago-Houston services would carry only 13 and 21 trailers a day, respectively. This dif Chicago-Houston City Pair fers from the more conventional concept of a TOFC shuttle train service, such as the "Slingshot," which The long distance between Chicago and Houston dis emphasizes low rates and high volume. It would be tinguishes this city pair from the other two. Al interesting to repeat this analysis assuming a lower though both rail and truck service tends to be fairly cost, but slower, less reliable service. It is possible good, a reliable TOFC shuttle train service is believed that such a service might prove more profitable than to offer some improvement in service over both. De the premium service hypothesized here. spite its long distance, the traffic between this pair of These models have allowed us to understand the cities is fairly heavy-roughly the same as between consequences of the multitude of individual firm deci Philadelphia and Cleveland. One might speculate that sions that will determine the market for a service. As the economies of rail line-haul operation would make such, they represent a considerable advance over other a TOFC shuttle train a profitable undertaking between methods, such as aggregate econometric models, which this pair of cities. require gross assumptions about the relationship of Figure 4 presents the comparison of revenues and transportation demand to the economy of a region. costs at various rate levels for the Chicago-Houston Better industry data, production-type demand models, TOFC shuttle train service. -
Termination of Combat Zone Designation in Vietnam and Waters Adjacent Thereto Establishing an Emergency Board to Investigate
Executive Orders EO 13003 Texarkana Union Station Trust Company Union Pacific Fruit Express Union Pacific Railroad Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad Oklahoma, Kansas & Texas Railroad Western Pacific Railroad Wichita Terminal Association Executive Order 13002 of May 13, 1996 Termination of Combat Zone Designation in Vietnam and Waters Adjacent Thereto By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 112(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 112(c)(3)), June 30, 1996, as of midnight thereof, is hereby designated as the date of termination of combatant activi- ties in the zone comprised of the area described in Executive Order No. 11216 of April 24, 1965. WILLIAM J. CLINTON THE WHITE HOUSE, May 13, 1996. Executive Order 13003 of May 15, 1996 Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between Certain Railroads Represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and Their Employees Represented by the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Disputes exist between certain railroads represented by the National Car- riers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference, in- cluding Consolidated Rail Corporation (including the Clearfield Cluster), Burlington Northern Railroad Co., CSX Transportation Inc., Norfolk South- ern Railway Co., Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Co., Union Pacific Railroad, Chicago & North Western Railway Co., Kansas City Southern Rail- way Co., and their employees represented by the Brotherhood of Mainte- nance of Way Employes. The railroads involved in these disputes are des- ignated on the attached list, which is made a part of this order. -
Investing in Mobility
Investing in Mobility FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE HUDSON REGION THE EAST OF HUDSON RAIL FREIGHT OPERATIONS TASK FORCE Investing in Mobility FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE HUDSON REGION Environmental Defense and the East of Hudson Rail Freight Operations Task Force On the cover Left:Trucks exacerbate crippling congestion on the Cross-Bronx Expressway (photo by Adam Gitlin). Top right: A CSX Q116-23 intermodal train hauls double-stack containers in western New York. (photo by J. Henry Priebe Jr.). Bottom right: A New York Cross Harbor Railroad “piggypacker” transfers a low-profile container from rail to a trailer (photo by Adam Gitlin). Environmental Defense is dedicated to protecting the environmental rights of all people, including the right to clean air, clean water, healthy food and flourishing ecosystems. Guided by science, we work to create practical solutions that win lasting political, economic and social support because they are nonpartisan, cost-effective and fair. The East of Hudson Rail Freight Operations Task Force is committed to the restoration of price- and service-competitive freight rail service in the areas of the New York metropolitan region east of the Hudson River. The Task Force seeks to accomplish this objective through bringing together elected officials, carriers and public agencies at regularly scheduled meetings where any issue that hinders or can assist in the restoration of competitive rail service is discussed openly. It is expected that all participants will work toward the common goal of restoring competitive rail freight service East of the Hudson. ©2004 Environmental Defense Printed on 100% (50% post-consumer) recycled paper, 100% chlorine free. -
The Last Car Is Changing
"In the gaudy lexicon of railroad jargon, it has more names than any other property in the economy of the high iron, even more than there are for engines and engine drivers. It is a caboose, the last crummy, way car, van, cage, doghouse, drone house, bouncer, • bedhouse, buggy, chariot, shelter house, glory wagon, go-car, hack, hut, monkey wagon, pavilion, palace, parlor, brainbox, zoo, oar1s diner, kitchen, perambulator, cabin car and shanty. There are probably others in a variety only bounded by the limitations of human imagining and the vocabulary of profane and ohanging uninhibited men." -A Treasury of Railroad Folklore Early version of the caboose. 14 UNION PACIFIC INFO a natural part of every railroad. lookout nest on top lives on in the memories of old-timers who can THEN ... Still, there was a time when the still hear it hustling along far behind No one knows for sure when the conductor parked himself wherever the huffing and puffing steam loco "caboose" came into existence. he could ride in the early days. motives of yesteryear. The word dates to the time when it Maybe it was in a boxcar, or lying described either a ship's galley or prone on a flatcar or in the engine ... NOW... the galley's iron cookstoves. One or wherever he could hang on for Today the caboose is still a familiar dictionary says it was derived from awhile. sight on most railroads, although the Dutch work "kabuis" that de But the conductor, being are some no longer use it on every freight veloped from the Middle Low sourceful soul who played an essen train. -
Appendix I – Container/Equipment Description Codes
Customs Automated Manifest Interface Requirements – Ocean ACE M1 Appendix I Container/Equipment Description Codes This appendix provides a complete listing of valid container/equipment description codes. Code Description 00 Openings at one end or both ends. 01 Opening(s) at one or both ends plus "full" opening(s) on one or both sides. 02 Opening(s) at one or both ends plus "partial" opening(s) on one or both sides. 03 Opening(s) at one or both ends plus opening roof. 04 Opening(s) at one or both ends plus opening roof, plus opening(s) at one or both sides. 05 (Spare) 06 (Spare) 07 (Spare) 08 (Spare) 09 (Spare) 10 Passive vents at upper part of cargo space - Total vent cross-section area < 25 cm2/m of nominal container length. 11 Passive vents at upper part of cargo space - Total vent cross-section area > 25cm2/m of nominal container length. 12 (Spare) 13 Non-mechanical system, vents at lower and upper parts of cargo space. 14 (Spare) 15 Mechanical ventilation system, located internally. 16 (Spare) 17 Mechanical ventilation system, located externally. 18 (Spare) 19 (Spare) 21 Insulated - containers shall have insulation "K" values of Kmax < 0.7 W/(m2.oC). 22 Heated - containers shall have insulation "K" values of Kmax < 0.4 W/(m2.oC). Containers shall be required to maintain the internal temperatures given in ISO 1496/2. Series 1 freight containers – specification and testing - part 2: Thermal containers. 23 (Spare). 24 (Spare). 25 (Spare) Livestock carrier. CAMIR V1.4 November 2010 Appendix I I-1 Customs Automated Manifest Interface Requirements – Ocean ACE M1 Code Description 26 (Spare) Automobile carrier. -
Railcar Puzzle and Commodity Matching Game
NURail Project ID: NURail2014-UIUC-E09 Guidebook for Railway-themed K-12 STEM Outreach Activities By C. Tyler Dick, Ph.D., P.E. Lecturer and Principal Research Engineer Rail Transportation and Engineering Center (RailTEC) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] Lee Evans Graduate Research Assistant Rail Transportation and Engineering Center (RailTEC) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] 23-12-2020 Grant Number: DTRT13-G-UTC52 (Grant 2) Guidebook for Railway‐themed K‐12 STEM Outreach Activities Introduction Welcome to the Guidebook for Railway‐themed K‐12 STEM Outreach Activities! Inside, you will find descriptions of educational activities designed to introduce students to the railroad transportation mode through the lens of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) concepts. Railroads have been a critical part of the global economy since the 1830s. Today, railroads haul more ton‐miles of intercity freight (one ton of freight moved one mile) than any other mode of transportation in the United States. While the railroad industry is the leader in long‐haul freight transportation, recruiting students to leadership roles in the industry is challenging. With many railroad employees approaching retirement age, the need to raise student awareness of railway industry career opportunities has never been greater. The activities in this guidebook cover a wide variety of railroad topics. The activities are intended to be hands‐on to provide students with knowledge through experiential learning that also increases their awareness of railway transportation technology. Although the following chapters provide a step‐by‐step guide to each activity, we encourage you to experiment with modifications to each activity and to create your own activities on other facets of the railroad industry and STEM topics. -
Proper Car Placement in Trains
Proper Car Placement in Trains Presented by DuPage Division Midwest Region NMRA . Presented at Badgerland Express Madison, Wisconsin JJam Introduction Some of you may wonder why it is important to know that cars can be placed in the wrong order in a train. And, why does this even matter on a model railroad? On a real railroad improper car placement can cause embarrassing situations such as this .............. (Picture a train wreck.) Proper car placement also insures the general safety of.... The merchandise being transported The safety of the train crews handling the cars and the train The safety of the community thru which these cars may move. Some of these rules can be utilized to make the operation of your models more prototypical. The last reason I can think of for knowing this valuable information is that you can use it to heckle another modeler about his operation. ("Do you know that that tank car is in the wrong place in that train?") How do you know how to properly place cars in a train? There are a whole bunch of rulebooks. charts and other documents that trainmen must be familiar with when switching and operating trains. Every railroad has a "Book of Rules" which is the basis of this information. Superceding the "Book of Rules" is the Time Table and Special Instructions which is specific to a certain portion of the railroad. This is superceded by the System and General Bulletins. The most specific information is found in the Train Messages which are issued with every work order. Here is the hierarchy triangle: SYSTEM AND GENERAL BULLETINS TIME TABLE AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS GENERAL OPERATING RULES (BOOK) lets start with a few general rules to set the stage: Rule A Employees whose duties are governed by these rule must provide themselves with a copy of these rules... -
Transportation: Past, Present and Future “From the Curators”
Transportation: Past, Present and Future “From the Curators” Transportationthehenryford.org in America/education Table of Contents PART 1 PART 2 03 Chapter 1 85 Chapter 1 What Is “American” about American Transportation? 20th-Century Migration and Immigration 06 Chapter 2 92 Chapter 2 Government‘s Role in the Development of Immigration Stories American Transportation 99 Chapter 3 10 Chapter 3 The Great Migration Personal, Public and Commercial Transportation 107 Bibliography 17 Chapter 4 Modes of Transportation 17 Horse-Drawn Vehicles PART 3 30 Railroad 36 Aviation 101 Chapter 1 40 Automobiles Pleasure Travel 40 From the User’s Point of View 124 Bibliography 50 The American Automobile Industry, 1805-2010 60 Auto Issues Today Globalization, Powering Cars of the Future, Vehicles and the Environment, and Modern Manufacturing © 2011 The Henry Ford. This content is offered for personal and educa- 74 Chapter 5 tional use through an “Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike” Creative Transportation Networks Commons. If you have questions or feedback regarding these materials, please contact [email protected]. 81 Bibliography 2 Transportation: Past, Present and Future | “From the Curators” thehenryford.org/education PART 1 Chapter 1 What Is “American” About American Transportation? A society’s transportation system reflects the society’s values, Large cities like Cincinnati and smaller ones like Flint, attitudes, aspirations, resources and physical environment. Michigan, and Mifflinburg, Pennsylvania, turned them out Some of the best examples of uniquely American transporta- by the thousands, often utilizing special-purpose woodwork- tion stories involve: ing machines from the burgeoning American machinery industry. By 1900, buggy makers were turning out over • The American attitude toward individual freedom 500,000 each year, and Sears, Roebuck was selling them for • The American “culture of haste” under $25. -
An Inventory of Its Freight Car Specifications at the Minnesota
NP Mechanical Dept. Freight Car Specifications Spec. No. Description Dates C-O Hicks Double Deck Car 1886 C-l Standard Stock Car Body 1885 C-2 Standard Fruit Car 1890 c-3 Flat Bottom Gondola 1905 C-4 Standard Box Car 1883 c-21 Standard Box Car - Roller Bearing 1886-1889 C-22 Standard Caboose Truck 1888-1890 C-23 Standard Caboose Car Body 1886 C-23 40' flat car - S.P.&D. R.R. C-24 Boarding Cars C-25 Roller Bearing Iron Truck C-27 Swing Motion Roller Bearing Truck c-28 Truck No. 3 C-35 Standard Stock Car Body 1888 C-65 Refrigerator Car 1888 C-67 Roller Bearing Truck 1889 C-68 Truck 1889 C-74 Flat Car 1890 C-82 Refrigerator Car 1890 C-85 Wheels 1890 C-1l8 Street's Stable Car 1892 C-120 Stock Car Truck 1892 C-122 34' Box Car 1892 C-133 41' Flat Car 1892 C-135 Roller Bearing Truck 1892 C-139 Roller Bearing Truck 1892 C-141 36' Box Car 1892 C-144 36' Stock Car 1892 C-146 36' Flat Car 1893 C-148 Roller Bearing Stock Car Truck 1893 C-155 Truck, 4" x 7" Journal 1893 C-163 41' Flat Car 1894 C-169 37' Box Car 1895 C-171 Metal Frame Truck with Roller Bearing 1895 C-173 42' Box Car 1895 C-182 Bolsters and spring seats 1896 C-183 Bolsters and spring seats 1897 F-4 42' Hart Convertible 1918 F-5 30' Twin Hopper 1898 F-6 40' Box Car 1906 F-8 41' Flat Car 1895 F-9 Rubber gaskets on doors 1889 F-I0 33'8" Box Car undated F-ll Low roller bearing truck 1900 F-13 36' Box Car 1900 F-14 32' Twin Hopper Coal Car 1900 F-15 22' Caboose undated F-16 80,000-lb. -
Cimarron Rail Exhibit Conservation Plan April 25, 2007
Curecanti National Recreation Area Comprehensive Preservation Study Train Related Resources National Park Service Task Agreement J1379050042 Prepared by: David L. Jones John Danford Jessica L. Schreiber Juliette Hidahl Younghun Jung Frank Sturgell THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT DENVER COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING HISTORIC PRESERVATION STUDIO, FALL 2005 Instructors: Dr. Chris Koziol Dr. Fred Rutz Cost Estimates, Fundraising Sources and Editing: Kris Christensen, Mark Sullivan Cimarron Rail Exhibit Conservation Plan April 25, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................1 Vision Statement............................................................................................2 Conservation Strategy .................................................................................3 Overall Recommendations ................................................................................8 History Overview..........................................................................................12 History and Context ....................................................................................13 Significance and Integrity ................................................................................13 Association with Historic Events......................................................................14 Association with the Lives of Important Persons .............................................20 Embodies Distinctive Characteristics of a Type, -
Rolling Stock: Locomotives and Rail Cars
Rolling Stock: Locomotives and Rail Cars Industry & Trade Summary Office of Industries Publication ITS-08 March 2011 Control No. 2011001 UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Karen Laney Acting Director of Operations Michael Anderson Acting Director, Office of Industries This report was principally prepared by: Peder Andersen, Office of Industries [email protected] With supporting assistance from: Monica Reed, Office of Industries Wanda Tolson, Office of Industries Under the direction of: Deborah McNay, Acting Chief Advanced Technology and Machinery Division Cover photo: Courtesy of BNSF Railway Co. Address all communication to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Preface The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has initiated its current Industry and Trade Summary series of reports to provide information on the rapidly evolving trade and competitive situation of the thousands of products imported into and exported from the United States. Over the past 20 years, U.S. international trade in goods and services has risen by almost 350 percent, compared to an increase of 180 percent in the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), before falling sharply in late 2008 and 2009 due to the economic downturn. During the same two decades, international supply chains have become more global and competition has increased. Each Industry and Trade Summary addresses a different commodity or industry and contains information on trends in consumption, production, and trade, as well as an analysis of factors affecting industry trends and competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. This report on the railway rolling stock industry primarily covers the period from 2004 to 2009, and includes data for 2010 where available.