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Di Rataan Terumbu Beberapa Pulau Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA INVENTARISASI JENIS-JENIS HOLOTHUROIDEA (ECHINODERMATA) DI RATAAN TERUMBU BEBERAPA PULAU TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA SKRIPSI FUJI PRATIWI 0606069786 FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI DEPOK JUNI 2011 Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA INVENTARISASI JENIS-JENIS HOLOTHUROIDEA (ECHINODERMATA) DI RATAAN TERUMBU BEBERAPA PULAU TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains FUJI PRATIWI 0606069786 FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI DEPOK JUNI 2011 Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Skripsi ini adalah hasil karya saya sendiri, dan semua sumber baik dikutip maupun dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan benar. Nama : Fuji Pratiwi NPM : 0606069786 Tanda Tangan : Tanggal : 30 Juni 2011 iii Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Skripsi ini diajukan oleh : Nama : Fuji Pratiwi NPM : 0606069786 Program Studi : Biologi Judul Skripsi : Inventarisasi Jenis-jenis Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) di Rataan Terumbu Beberapa Pulau Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Telah berhasil dipertahankan di hadapan Dewan Penguji dan diterima sebagai persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains pada Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia. DEWAN PENGUJI Pembimbing : Dr. rer. nat. Yasman, M. Sc ( ) Penguji I : Dr. rer. nat. Mufti P. Patria, M. Sc ( ) Penguji II : Riani Widiarti, M. Si ( ) Ditetapkan di : Depok Tanggal : 30 Juni 2011 iv Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillaahi Robbil’aalamiin. Hanya kepada Allah SWT segala puji dan syukur, atas segala nikmat dan kemudahan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Skripsi ini berarti banyak untuk penulis: pertolongan dan jawaban do’a- do’a dari Allah, keberanian mewujudkan cita-cita, serta persahabatan dan persaudaraan yang indah. Semua makna itu, tak lepas dari pihak-pihak yang dengan senang hati membantu penulis, dari sejak awal penulis berada di kampus. Oleh karena itu, penulis menyampaikan Jazakumullah khoiron katsiro (semoga Allah memberi balasan dengan kebaikan yang lebih baik dan lebih banyak) dan menghaturkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Dr. rer. nat. Yasman, M. Sc selaku pembimbing atas bimbingan selama skripsi dan bantuan selama penulis menimba ilmu di Departemen Biologi, sejak masih mahasiswa baru hingga dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan. Selain itu, terima kasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada Drs. Prapto Darsono, M. Sc atas semua bantuan dan diskusi di awal penelitian. Semoga Allah senatiasa melimpahkan karuniaNya kepada beliau berdua. 2. Dr. rer. nat. Mufti Petala Patria, M Sc. dan Riani Widiarti, M. Si atas segala koreksi dan masukan bagi skripsi penulis. 3. Dr. rer. nat Mufti Petala Patria, M. Sc selaku Ketua Departemen Biologi, Dra. Nining Betawati Prihantini, M. Sc selaku sekretaris Departemen Biologi, Dra. Titi Soedjiarti, SU selaku koordinator pendidikan Departemen Biologi, serta Dr. Anom Bowolaksono selaku koordinator seminar. 4. Dra. Noverita Dian Takarina, M. Sc selaku pembimbing akademis atas segala nasihat dan kesempatan memperoleh ilmu saat KP logam berat. 5. Seluruh ibu dan bapak dosen Departemen Biologi atas ilmu, pengalaman, dan nasihat bagi penulis. Terutama kepada Ibu Riani, Ibu Titi, Ibu Nining, Ibu Mega, Ibu Dian, Ibu Nisya, dan Ibu Andi Salamah atas kesempatan belajar bagi penulis dengan menjadi asisten praktikum dan mempertemukan dengan banyak orang-orang hebat di bida ng Biologi. 6. Seluruh karyawan Departemen Biologi atas setiap bantuan, terutama kepada v Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 bu Ros atas bantuan ’perluasan ilmu’ melalui buku-buku. Semoga Allah selalu memberikan kesehatan kepada bu Ros. 7. Teman-teman Felix (bio ’06), Blossom (bio ’07), Biosentris (bio ’08), Zygomorf (bio ’09), bio ’10. Senior-senior Biosphere (bio ’05), Baliveau (bio ’04), LIGULA dan senior-senior lainnya atas kebersamaan dan ilmu yang diberikan. Teman-teman 'petualangan ber-elmu’: SIGMA-B UI, COMATA, CANOPY, Baluran Rangers (kak Dimas, kak Dimar, Ummi Syifa, Erna, kak Ira, dan kaAi). Teman-teman lab takso (Anjar, Boent, Suri, Bibil, Janu, Rr, Wina, Lulu), tim Penjaliran-Pramuka (Agung, Jeroen van den Hurk (HAN University Arnhem and Nijmegen), kak Pinkan, kak Djudju, Topan, kak Sigit dan mba Tati; Indah ’Ile’ dan Haikal bio07) dan teman-teman seperjuangan (Vinda, Vita, Rika, Adhit, Iqbal). 8. Saudara-saudari DK UI, PELANGI, Smile n Care, milik2006, Super_N (Maulida, Maya, Dedew, Nia, Hesti, Dianti, Ajeng, Linda, Indah; Aziz, Faris, Zuhri, Mukhlis, Anca, Danu, Agus, Teddy, dan Rashid), Biokatalis, FSA Al Ghufron SMAN 3 Bogor, Forum Kalam SMPN 2 Bogor, dan tentunya PLATINA. 9. Akhwat-akhwat luar biasa: Eka Yuniarti Safitri , Eka Nurlaila Utami, Fajriah Laili, Rizka Khaira, Sari Yulianti, Anna Nurhayati, Mulyani, dan 7Femineus. Kakak-kakak yang membantu penulis di saat-saat sulit: kak Putra bio’04, a Raafqi n friends, mba Citra, dan teh Hasna. 10. Orang tua juara satu seluruh dunia, Ibu dan Babah, atas kasih sayang, pengertian tiada tara, kesabaran dan do’a-do’a tulus di sepanjang waktu. Semoga Allah selalu menyayangi Ibu dan Babah. Teh Eva (+a Tusef, Malik, dan Mikail), teh Nie, Nda, Idhie, dan Eca atas keceriaan penghapus lelah. Walaupun masih ada kekurangan, penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat. Depok, 2011 Penulis vi Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Sebagai sivitas akademik Universitas Indonesia, saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Fuji Pratiwi NPM : 0606069786 Program Studi : S1 reguler Departemen : Biologi Fakultas : Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Jenis Karya : Skripsi demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Universitas Indonesia Hak Bebas Royalti Non-Eksklusif (Non-Exclusive Royalty Free Right) atas karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: Inventarisasi Jenis-jenis Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) di Rataan Terumbu Beberapa Pulau Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti Noneksklusif ini Universitas Indonesia berhak menyimpan, mengalihmedia/formatkan, mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (data base), merawat, dan memublikasikan tugas akhir saya tanpa meminta izin dari saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak Cipta. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di : Depok Pada Tanggal : 30 Juni 2011 Yang menyatakan (Fuji Pratiwi) vii Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 ABSTRAK Nama : Fuji Pratiwi Program Studi : S1-Biologi Judul : Inventarisasi Jenis-jenis Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) di Rataan Terumbu Beberapa Pulau Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Telah dilakukan inventarisasi jenis Holothuroidea di Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu (TNKpS) Jakarta dan dilakukan juga pengamatan pola pemisahan senyawa ekstrak kasar dari marga-marga Holothuroidea yang diperoleh menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Koleksi Holothuroidea dilakukan dengan cara snorkeling di rataan terumbu dan identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan ciri morfologi serta spikula. Pengamatan spikula dilakukan dengan melarutkan dinding tubuh sampel dan tentakel dalam natrium hipoklorit komersial. Sampel Holothuroidea diekstrak menggunakan metanol, dipekatkan di rotary evaporator lalu dikeringkan dalam oven. Pengamatan pola pemisahan senyawa Holothuroidea dilakukan setelah ekstrak dielusi pada KLT dengan eluen n-heksan:etilasetat (95:5). Hasil KLT disinari UV dan disemprot anesaldehid. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 15 jenis Holothuroidea dan beberapa jenis diantaranya baru pertama kali tercatat (new record) di TNKpS Jakarta yaitu Holothuria (Acanthotrapeza) pyxis, Stichopus quadrifasciatus, dan Synaptula reticulata. Pola pemisahan senyawa ekstrak kasar Holothuroidea dengan KLT pun dapat digunakan untuk membedakan marga. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan pola pemisahan senyawa dari ekstrak kasar Holothuroidea mempertegas taksonomi Holothuroidea yang dilakukan melalui identifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan spikula. Kata kunci : Holothuroidea, identifikasi, KLT, spikula, TNKpS Jakarta. xi + 58 halaman : 25 gambar, 2 lampiran Daftar referensi : 54 (1963--2011) viii Universitas Indonesia Inventarisasi jenis..., Fuji Pratiwi, FMIPA UI, 2011 ABSTRACT Name : Fuji Pratiwi Study programe : S1-Biologi Tittle : Inventory of Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) at Reef Flat of Several Islands of Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta Inventory of Holothuroidea in Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta and separation pattern of their extracts using TLC have been conducted. Holothuroidea were collected by snorkeling along reef flat. Identification based on morphological characters and spicules observation. Spicules were observed by disolving body wall and tentacle of Holothuroidea in comercial natrium hypochloride. Samples were extracted with methanol, concentrated in rotary evaporator and dried in oven. Extracts separation pattern were observed after the extracts chromatographed on TLC plate eluted with n-hexane: ethilacetate (95:5). Separation pattern of their extracts detected under UV light and sprayed with anesaldehyde. The inventory result showed that there were some new record species among 15
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