Comparison Chart: Paleolithic Humans Vs. Neolithic Humans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Comparison Chart: Paleolithic Humans Vs. Neolithic Humans

Grade 6 The Eastern Hemisphere Unit 1: The Neolithic Revolution Lesson 3: The Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages Comparison Chart: Paleolithic Humans vs. Neolithic Humans Vocabulary: Paleolithic: Paleo = old; Lithic = stone. The Paleolithic era is also called the Old Stone Age. Neolithic: Neo = new; Lithic = stone. The Neolithic era is also call the New Stone Age. Characteristics Paleolithic Neolithic Where did they Mouths of caves, huts, tents made of animal skins Built shelters of mud bricks supported by timber live? Lifestyle Nomadic. They moved from place to place in groups Sedentary. They stayed in one place and farmed in up to 50; lived in tribes, and were hunters and permanent settlements. They raised/herded animals; gatherers agriculture was discovered and became a major source of food; separate families evolved. Tools Chipped stone, wooden weapons light stone tools, not Polished stone tools made sharper by grinding sharpened Clothing Animal skins Animal skins and woven clothes Government Tribal society made up of clan groups. Clans Military and religious leaders had authority. controlled by elders or the powerful (according to Monarchy emerged. age) Economy There was no concept of private property. The concept of private property and ownership emerged for land, livestock and tools. Health Paleolithic people were taller and lived longer than Neolithic people were shorter and had lower life Neolithic people expectancy. Tooth cavities and diseases like typhoid emerged. Since settlement was permanent, women had more children. Art Cave paintings Wall paintings Sculpture Stone, mammoth ivory, reindeer horn Stone, baked clay Main discovery Fire; Rough stone tools Agriculture and tools with polished stones Food Hunted and gathered for their food supply. They grew crops such as corn, wheat, beans, etc domesticated animals Putnam/Northern Westchester BOCES: Grade 6 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum Information based on http://www.diffen.com/difference/Neolithic_vs_Paleolithic .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Two Modern Compositional Approaches
Musical Aesthetics of the Natural World: Two Modern Compositional Approaches Eli Stine and Christopher Luna-Mega University of Virginia, McIntire Department of Music Throughout recorded human history, experiences and observations of the natural world have inspired the arts. Within the sonic arts, evocations of nature permeate a wide variety of acoustic and electronic composition strategies. These strategies artistically investigate diverse attributes of nature: tranquility, turbulence, abundance, scarcity, complexity, and purity, to name but a few. Within the 20th century, new technologies to understand these attributes, including media recording and scientific analysis, were developed. These technologies allow music composi- tion strategies to go beyond mere evocation and to allow for the construction of musical works that engage explicit models of nature (what has been called ‘biologically inspired music’). This paper explores two such deployments of these ‘natural sound models’ within music and music generation systems created by the authors: an electroacoustic composition using data derived from multi-channel recordings of forest insects (Luna-Mega) and an electronic music generation system that extracts musical events from the different layers of natural soundscapes, in particular oyster reef soundscapes (Stine). Together these works engage a diverse array of extra-musical disciplines: environmental science, acoustic ecology, entomology, and computer science. The works are contextualized with a brief history of natural sound models from pre- antiquity to the present in addition to reflections on the uses of technology within these projects and the potential experiences of audiences listening to these works. “Great art picks up where nature ends.” - Mark Chagall and aesthetics towards a more quantitative awareness of how The natural world has been a focal point for the arts since the natural world functions and evolves is present within a the Upper Paleolithic.
[Show full text]
Chapter 2: Prehistoric People, 8000 BC
0032-0047 CH02-846240 11/14/02 11:33 PM Page 32 CHAPTER Prehistoric People 2 8000 B.C.–3000 B.C. ᭡ Neolithic pottery Paleolithic carving ᭤ 8000 B.C. 6500 B.C. 4000 B.C. 3000 B.C. New Stone Age begins Catal Hüyük World population reaches Writing is established about 90 million invented 32 UNIT 1 PLACE AND TIME 0032-0047 CH02-846240 11/14/02 10:11 PM Page 33 Chapter Focus Read to Discover Chapter Overview Visit the Human Heritage Web site • How tools, language, clothing, and the discovery of fire at humanheritage.glencoe.com helped early people advance. and click on Chapter 2—Chapter • What Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons were like. Overviews to preview this chapter. • How people changed from food gatherers to food producers. • Why specialization, government, and religion were impor- tant in Neolithic societies. Terms to Learn People to Know Places to Locate prehistory Lucy Olduvai Gorge civilization Neanderthals Jericho migrate Cro-Magnons Catal Hüyük specialization Why It’s Important Most archaeologists believe people have lived on the earth for millions of years. The period of time before the invention of writing is called prehistory. It lasted Reading Check until about five thousand years ago, when people learned how When did to write. Through the use of artifacts, archaeologists have prehistory end? traced the milestones that paved the way from prehistory to What helped bring the rise of civilization—a time when people progressed cultur- about the rise of ally and began to live in cities. civilization? SECTION 1 The Paleolithic Age Although there were no written records during prehistory, scientists have learned a great deal about prehistoric people.
[Show full text]
Persistence of Middle Stone Age Technology to the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition Supports a Complex Hominin Evolutionary Scenario in West Africa
This is a repository copy of Persistence of Middle Stone Age technology to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition supports a complex hominin evolutionary scenario in West Africa. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129212/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Scerri, E.M.L., Blinkhorn, J., Niang, K. et al. (2 more authors) (2017) Persistence of Middle Stone Age technology to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition supports a complex hominin evolutionary scenario in West Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 11. pp. 639-646. ISSN 2352-409X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.01.003 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Persistence of Middle Stone Age technology to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition supports a complex hominin evolutionary scenario in West Africa Eleanor M.L. Scerria*, James Blinkhornb, Khady Niangc, Mark D. Batemand, Huw S. Groucutta a Research
[Show full text]
Upper Paleolithic Human Remains from the Gruta Do Caldeirão, Tomar
REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE Arqueologia .volume 4.número 2.2001 5 Upper Paleolithic human remains from the Gruta do Caldeirão, Tomar,Portugal ERIK TRINKAUS1 SHARA E. BAILEY2 JOÃO ZILHÃO3 ABSTRACTThe Upper Paleolithic human remains from the Solutrean and Solutrean to Magdalenian levels of the Gruta do Caldeirão, Tomar (Portugal) are described paleontolog- ically. The remains, which include maxillary and mandibular pieces, associated and isolated teeth, and small postcranial elements, derive from a series of individuals between childhood and early adulthood. The teeth are relatively large, similar to those of earlier Upper Paleolithic Europeans, and the postcranial elements derive from a relatively small and gracile individual. All are notable for their lack of pathological alterations. RESUMODescrevem-se paleontologicamente os restos humanos do Paleolítico Superior (Solutrense e Magdalenense) da Gruta do Caldeirão, Tomar (Portugal). Incluindo peças dos maxilares superior e inferior, dentes a elas associados e dentes isolados, e ainda alguns ele- mentos pós-cranianos de pequenas dimensões, os restos pertencem a uma série de indiví- duos de idades compreendidas entre a infância e os primeiros anos da idade adulta. Os den- tes são relativamente grandes, comparáveis aos das restantes populações europeias do Paleolítico Superior inicial, e os elementos pós-cranianos pertencem a um indivíduo relati- vamente pequeno e grácil. É de realçar a ausência, em todos estes restos, de quaisquer alte- rações patológicas. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE Arqueologia .volume 4.número 2.2001 6 Introduction Upper Paleolithic human remains are relatively rare from Iberia south of the Pyrenees (Fer- embach and Roche, 1971; Aguirre et al., 1991; Zilhão, 1997), and it is therefore of interest to describe in detail those remains that are known and have reasonably reliable stratigraphic con- texts.
[Show full text]
The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks.
[Show full text]
The Pleistocene Peopling of the North: Paleolithic Milestones and Thresholds Horizons in Northern Eurasia Part Ii: the Middle Paleolithic Human Biogeographic Realm
ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA Archaeology Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 43/4 (2015) 3–18 E-mail: [email protected] 3 PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE N. Rolland Prehistoric Anthropology Research Canada, 192 Bushby Street, Victoria, BC, V8S 1B6, Canada Email: [email protected] THE PLEISTOCENE PEOPLING OF THE NORTH: PALEOLITHIC MILESTONES AND THRESHOLDS HORIZONS IN NORTHERN EURASIA PART II: THE MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC HUMAN BIOGEOGRAPHIC REALM The Middle Paleolithic record for the “peopling of the North” is presented with tables, a distribution map, chronology, bioclimatic circumstances, and toolmaking repertoires. Salient aspects identify time-series, patterns of adaptive strategies, dispersal “frontlines”, and strategies for procurement of food-animals. They support empirically a model of the human biogeographic “cold space” realm; its bearing on the adaptive horizons of the historical zonation of the Paleolithic culture; debates about the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Eurasia; and antecedents for trends in intensi¿ cation of Holocene culture in circumpolar habitats, with reference to the Canadian Arctic. Keywords: Middle Paleolithic milestones, human biogeography, social morphology, occupation “frontlines”, culture historical time series. Introduction successful adaptation strategies, including some instances of settlements during stadial advances. These processes, In Part I of the article, devoted to the peopling of North in which provided the possibility of peopling the sub-polar Paleolithic, the issues of peopling of Northern Eurasia in high-latitude habitats of Eurasia, are discussed in Part II. the Early Pleistocene were discussed. Despite the scarcity of archaeological records of this period and debatable contexts of some Early Paleolithic sites, we can trace the Middle Paleolithic colonization milestones cyclical human expansions into north Eurasian middle and high latitudes.
[Show full text]
Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic
Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic AlFred F. PAwlIk introduction The discussion of cultural, cognitive, and behavioral modernity has a long tradition in europe’s prehistoric archaeology ( Dibble 1989; Hahn 1986; Jelinek 1982; klein 1995, 1999; Mellars 1989a, 1989b). The appearance of specialized blade indus- tries, bone and antler tools, and especially figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments are seen as significant indicators of the highly developed cultural and cognitive abilities of their makers (Clottes 2001; Conard 2003; Conard et al. 2004). The seemingly sudden appearance of expressive art and symbolism together with complex tool technologies in europe at around 40,000 years ago has been attributed to explosive cultural and cognitive advancement with the arrival of ana- tomically modern Homo sapiens ( Klein and Blake 2002; Mellars 1991; Mithen 1996). Whether this Upper Palaeolithic revolution in europe was due to social factors or genetic mutation, was related to changes in the ecosystem, or has a cultural expla- nation (such as competition with another human species, the Neanderthals) is still under debate ( Bar-Yossef 2002; Conard et al. 2004; d’errico 2003; Haidle 2006; McBrearty and Brooks 2000; Mellars 2005; Zilhão 2001). Yet, the “human revolu- tion” model is used to explain the success of the Homo sapiens immigrants over the Neanderthals ( Bräuer and Smith 1992; Conard 2006, 2008; Mellars 2005). On the other hand, potential indicators of an earlier and gradually developing cul- tural and cognitive modernity have been seen in African assemblages. The appearance of some modern cognitive traits (e.g., production of projectile points, shell-fishing, personal ornaments, notational or incised pieces, and pigment processing) in Africa has been dated back to the Middle Pleistocene, earlier than the first evidence of ana- tomically modern hominids 200,000 years ago (Henshilwood et al.
[Show full text]
Plant Foods and the Dietary Ecology of Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans
Journal of Human Evolution xxx (2014) 1e11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Plant foods and the dietary ecology of Neanderthals and early modern humans Amanda G. Henry a,*, Alison S. Brooks b, Dolores R. Piperno c,d a Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany b Department of Anthropology, Center for Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA c Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology, Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013- 7012, USA d Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama article info abstract Article history: One of the most important challenges in anthropology is understanding the disappearance of Nean- Received 3 February 2012 derthals. Previous research suggests that Neanderthals had a narrower diet than early modern humans, Accepted 22 December 2013 in part because they lacked various social and technological advances that lead to greater dietary variety, Available online xxx such as a sexual division of labor and the use of complex projectile weapons. The wider diet of early modern humans would have provided more calories and nutrients, increasing fertility, decreasing Keywords: mortality and supporting large population sizes, allowing them to out-compete Neanderthals. However, Phytolith this model for Neanderthal dietary behavior is based on analysis of animal remains, stable isotopes, and Starch grain Microfossil other methods that provide evidence only of animal food in the diet.
[Show full text]
Paleolithic Era Jiùshíqì Shídài 旧石器时代 C
◀ Pakistan-China Relations Comprehensive index starts in volume 5, page 2667. Paleolithic Era Jiùshíqì shídài 旧石器时代 c. 2 million y.b.p.– c. 10,000 y.b.p. China’s Paleolithic era, also known as the for- in Africa. Slightly later Homo erectus appeared in East aging era, started about 2 million years ago Africa. Their fossils were discovered in Asia as well. The and ended about 10,000 years ago. The large fossils of Homo erectus are the oldest human fossils dis- span of this era can be divided into the Lower, covered beyond Africa. Middle, and Upper periods, each generally correlating with significant change in hu- man evolution. As time went on, human-made The Lower Foraging Era tools became more sophisticated and human Most of the lower foraging-era human fossils and cultural population also increased. layers were found above ground. It is difficult, however, to determine whether stone objects from some early Pleis- tocene sites were human made or natural. he Paleolithic, literally the “Old Stone Age” (also known as the foraging era), is a prehistoric era Model for Banpo, a Neolithic (or New Stone Age) characterized by the use of percussion stone tools village dating to about 4,000 bce. The villagers by humans. In geological terms this period falls within of Banpo, despite their more advanced stage of the Pleistocene period, which began some 3 to 2 million civilization, still used many of the tools con- years ago. Archaeological materials suggest that China’s ceived during the Paleolithic era. Photo by Joan foraging era started some 2 million years ago and ended Lebold Cohen.
[Show full text]
1. During the Paleolithic Age, Humans Were Hunter-Gatherers. They Were
Guide to Readin G n o t e s Section 2 Section 5 1. During the Paleolithic Age, humans were 1. During the Paleolithic Age, people lived in hunter-gatherers. They were always looking for small bands of 20 to 60 people because they food and took shelter in places such as caves. were always moving from place to place in During the Neolithic Age, humans grew their search of food. own food, built permanent shelters, and settled 2. Possible student answers: down in one place. Symbols will vary. “Because we lived in larger communities, we 2. Neolithic settlements were located east of could divide up the work.” the Mediterranean Sea because the land was fertile. “Working together allowed us to finish tasks faster.” Section 3 “In communities, we had more time to make 1. During the Paleolithic Age, people obtained our lives more comfortable and much safer. We food by hunting animals and gathering plants. could defend ourselves more easily. Our popu- Some of the problems were that hunting lation increased.” was dangerous and the food supply was not dependable. Section 6 2. Possible student answers: 1. During the Paleolithic Age, people’s most important job was to find food for survival. “We learned that we could grow our own food by collecting and planting the seeds of plants.” 2. Possible student answers: “We learned how to raise animals for their “Our specialized jobs included weaving, basket milk and meat. We also used animals to carry making, toolmaking, and trading.” heavy loads and plow fields.” “We had more time to decorate pottery and “Agriculture means that we grow our own polish stones to make our lives more crops and domesticate animals.
[Show full text]
The History of Prehistoric Research in Indonesia to 1950
The History of Prehistoric Research in Indonesia to 1950 Received 16 January 1968 R. P. SOE]ONO INTRODUCTION HE oldest description of material valuable for prehistoric recording in future times was given by G. E. Rumphius at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Rum T phius mentioned the veneration of historical objects by local peoples, and even now survivals of the very remote past retain their respect. On several islands we also notice a continuation of prehistoric traditions and art. Specific prehistoric relics, like many other archaeological remains, are holy to most of the inhabitants because of their quaint, uncommon shapes. As a result, myths are frequently created around these objects. An investigator is not permitted to inspect the bronze kettle drum kept in a temple at Pedjeng (Bali) and he must respect the people's devout feelings when he attempts to observe megalithic relics in the Pasemah Plateau (South Sumatra); these facts accentuate the persistence oflocal veneration even today. In spite of the veneration of particular objects, which in turn favors their preservation, many other relics have been lost or destroyed through digging or looting by treasure hunters or other exploiters seeking economic gain. Moreover, unqualified excavators have com pounded the problem. P. V. van Stein Callenfels, originally a specialist in Hindu-Indonesian archaeology, be came strongly aware of neglect in the field of prehistoric archaeology, and he took steps to begin systematic research. During his visit to kitchen middens in East Sumatra during a tour of inspection in 1920 for the Archaeological Service, he met with the digging of shell heaps for shell for limekilns.
[Show full text]
A North American Perspective on the Volg (PDF)
Quaternary International xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint A North American perspective on the Volgu Biface Cache from Upper Paleolithic France and its relationship to the “Solutrean Hypothesis” for Clovis origins J. David Kilby Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The “Solutrean hypothesis” for the origins of the North American Clovis Culture posits that early North American Volgu colonizers were direct descendants of European populations that migrated across the North Atlantic during the Clovis European Upper Paleolithic. The evidential basis for this model rests largely on proposed technological and Solutrean behavioral similarities shared by the North American Clovis archaeological culture and the French and Iberian Cache Solutrean archaeological culture. The caching of stone tools by both cultures is one of the specific behavioral correlates put forth by proponents in support of the hypothesis. While more than two dozen Clovis caches have been identified, Volgu is the only Solutrean cache identified at this time. Volgu consists of at least 15 exquisitely manufactured bifacial stone tools interpreted as an artifact cache or ritual deposit, and the artifacts themselves have long been considered exemplary of the most refined Solutrean bifacial technology. This paper reports the results of applying methods developed for the comparative analysis of the relatively more abundant caches of Clovis materials in North America to this apparently singular Solutrean cache. In addition to providing a window into Solutrean technology and perhaps into Upper Paleolithic ritual behavior, this comparison of Clovis and Solutrean assemblages serves to test one of the tangible archaeological implications of the “Solutrean hypoth- esis” by evaluating the technological and behavioral equivalence of Solutrean and Clovis artifact caching.
[Show full text]