Executive Summary
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Market Study on Satellite & Terrestrial TV Licensing and FM Radio Broadcasting Volume-I Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority Telecom Engineering and Consultancy House (Pvt) Limited Islamabad Volume-I ii Acronyms 3G: Third Generation Technology 4G: Fourth Generation Technology AAC Plus: Advanced Audio Coding Plus ABC: Around 1946, Australian Broadcasting Corporation Ad Spend: Advertising budget: the amount of money spent on advertising for a product AJK: Azad Jammu and Kashmir AM: Amplitude Modulation ATSC: Advanced Television System Committee ATV: A Shalimar Television Network Channel AVC: Advanced Video Coding AX.25: A data link layer protocol BBC: British Broadcasting Company BCI: Brain computer interface CAS: Conditional Access System CATV: Community Antenna Television C-Band: 3.7–4.2 GHz for downlink, and 5.925–6.425 GHz for uplink CBS: Columbia Broadcasting System CCTA: Canadian Cable Television Association CD: Compact Disc CDN: Content Delivery Network CD-ROM: Compact Disc- Read Only Memory CELP: Code excited linear prediction CEPT: The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations CNN: Cable News Network COFDM: Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing CRT: Cathode Ray Tube CRTC: Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission DAB: Digital Audio Broadcasting D-AMPS: Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System DBS: Direct Broadcasting Satellite digiTV: Digital TV D.I.Khan: Dera Ismail Khan DMB: Digital Multimedia Broadcasting DRM: Digital Radio Mondiale DSBSC: Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier DTH: Direct-to-Home DTT: Digital Terrestrial Television DTTV: Digital Terrestrial Television DTV: Digital Television DVB-H: Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld DVB-SH: Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite services to Handhelds DVD: Digital Versatile or Video Disc E AAC+: High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding ECM: Electronic Counter Measure Edge: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EHAAT Effective Height Of Antenna Above Average Terrain EMI: Electrical and Musical Industries, Ltd EMRA: Electronic Media Regulatory Authority ERP: Effective Radiated Power ETSI: The European Telecommunications Standards Institute EU: European Union iii FANA: Federal Area and Northern Area FATA: Federal Area and Tribal Area FBR: Federal Board of Revenue FCC: Federal Communications Commission FDI: Foreign Direct Investment FM: Frequency Modulation FTA: Free to Air GDP: Gross Domestic Product GHz: Giga Hertz GSM: Global System for Mobile communications HAAT: Height Of Antenna Above Average Terrain HDTV: High Definition Television HE-AACv2: High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding Version2 HIPERLAN: High Performance Radio Local Area Network HMD: Head Mounted Display HITS: Head-end In The Sky HT: High Tension HVXC: Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding IBOC: In-Band On-Channel ICT Information Communication Technology ID: Identification iDEN: Integrated Digital Enhanced Network IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem IPTV: Internet Protocol Television IR: Inflation Rate IS: International Standards ISP: Internet Service Provider ISDB-TSB: Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting ITU: International Telecommunication Union JTRS: Joint Tactical Radio System JV: Joule Volts KHz: Kilo Hertz Ku-Band: 10.7 to 12.75 GHz KW: Kilo Watt LAP: License Area Plan LED: Light Emitting Diode LCD: Liquid Crystal Display LNB: Low-Noise Block Down Converter LT: Low Tension Mbit/s: Mega bits per second MBMS: Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MediaFLO: Media Forward Link Only MHz: Mega Hertz MMDS: Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution System MobaHo!: A mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting service in Japan MPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group MSOs: Multi System Operators MW: Medium Wave NBC: National Broadcasting Corporation NIPS: National Institute of Population Studies NOC: No Objection Certificate N-PVR: Network-based Personal Video Recorder NRSC: National Radio Systems Committee NTSC: National Television System Committee NWFP: North Western Frontier Province iv OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OIRT: Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision PACTOR: evolution of both AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) and packet radio PAL: Phase Alternating Line PBC: Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation PC: Personal Computer PCM: Pulse Code Modulation PEMRA: Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority P2P: Peer to Peer POP: Point Of Presence PTCL: Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited PTV: Pakistan Television Corporation Limited PVC: Poly Vinyl Chloride QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QoS Quality of Service QPSK: Quadrature phase-shift keying RAMBO: Regulatory Authority of Media Broadcasting Organization RDS: Radio Data System RFC: Request for Comments RG-6: Radio Guide- Common Coaxial cable RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol RTSP: Real Time Streaming Protocol Satmodems: Satellite Modem SCA: Sub-Carrier S-DMB : hybrid version of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting SDTV: standard-definition TV SD Video: Standard video SECAM; Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for "Sequential Color with Memory SINCGARS: Single channel ground to air radio system SMS: Subscriber Management System STB: set-top box SW: Short Wave TDM: Time Division Multiplexing TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access TEACH: Telecom Engineering And Consultancy House TM: Trade Mark TETRA: Terrestrial Trunked Radio TV: Television TVRO: Television Receive-Only UHF: Ultra High Frequency UK: United Kingdom UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPC: Universal Product Code USA: United States of America VHF: Very High Frequency VOD: Video on Demand VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WiFi: Wireless Fidelity WiMax: Worldwide Inter-operability for Microwave Access ZigBee: ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short-range radio. v Foreword The report attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the developments of electronic media in Pakistan. It provides a road map for the future progress of the media. The description starts with an analysis of the developments in the controlled era. It then moves on discuss the evolution of the sector under the liberal regulatory regime. It provides a vivid account of the current status of electronic media and reasons for it becoming a favourite sector in attracting private investment and benefiting from the technological advancements. Different aspects of television, satellite TV broadcasting and FM radio broadcasting and other miscellaneous transmission media have been described at some length. Developments in electronic media have proceeded hand in hand with rapid expansion in the telecommunication sector that has provided the services in the country in support of electronic media. The two components of Information Communication Technology (ICT) have benefited from each other and progress achieved by one has aided the promotion of the other services. In the coming days the synergy between the two sectors is expected to be further intensified as more and more convergence is foreseen to take place in different services, technologies and the gadgets. As the infrastructure and the number of users for telecommunication services expands, coverage of electronic media will increase. The third factor i.e improved business management capacity which has also been built rapidly in the Pakistani market through the courtesy of big investors has also been an important factor in boosting the growth in the electronic media. The introduction of modern marketing techniques has been facilitated by the new liberal environment. Another factor needs to be highlighted is the realization by commercial and industrial sectors of the economy about the potential of electronic media in promoting businesses through an improved and expanded reach of families. Cellular mobile companies, beverage industry, the real estate and the financial sector, which have made rapid strides in the past few years have benefited from extensive use of electronic media and have reaped large gains. Many additional sectors are likely to follow the example of electronic media and other related sectors mentioned above in exploiting the opportunity provided by electronic media. It is thus foreseen that as the overall economy expands electronic media will flourish further and will become an important tool in promoting and strengthening market forces on the demand as well as the supply side. Significant contribution is expected to be made by the electronic media to the growth in Gross Domestic Product of the country. The report presents the detailed findings of the Household and Business Survey undertaken by TEACH to get a feedback from the viewers and listeners of electronic media. It is hoped that findings about viewer’s and listeners’ choice, awareness about their demands and perceptions will be of great help to the regulator, planners and members of the industry. Views of the urban and rural inhabitants, preferences of different age groups in case of males and females segment of society regarding the existing programmes and the performance of the TV channels, FM Radio and Cable TV operators are presented at some length. vi Suggestions made by different groups are presented for the benefit of suppliers