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New Species of the Spider Genus Exocora Millidge, 1991 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Brazil

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New Species of the Spider Genus Exocora Millidge, 1991 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Brazil See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260682352 New species of the spider genus Exocora Millidge, 1991 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Brazil Article in Zootaxa · January 2013 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.3.4 · Source: PubMed CITATION READS 1 58 2 authors: Yuji Lemos Antonio Domingos Brescovit Instituto Butantan 2 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 555 PUBLICATIONS 3,875 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Systematics of Neotropical Pholcidae View project Inventory of types of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro View project All content following this page was uploaded by Antonio Domingos Brescovit on 23 March 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 3599 (3): 261–278 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3599.3.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8570920B-EAC4-48A6-A831-6463682B36D1 New species of the spider genus Exocora Millidge, 1991 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Brazil YUJI LEMOS1, 2 & ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT 1 1Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The genus Exocora Millidge, 1991 is recorded from Brazil for the first time. Six new species herein are described and illustrated, all presenting male and female, from Atlantic Forest area. Exocora phoenix n. sp. is recorded in the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Santa Catarina, E. girotii n. sp. in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Santa Catarina, E. ribeiroi n. sp. in São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, E. medonho n. sp. in Rio de Janeiro, E. nogueirai n. sp. in São Paulo and E. una n. sp. in Bahia. Key words: Neotropical, Atlantic forest, spider, taxonomy Introduction The linyphiid genus Exocora was proposed by Millidge (1991) and has only two described species, the type- species E. proba Millidge, from Bolivian Andes, and E. pallida Millidge, from the Venezuelan Andes, both known only by male specimens. Millidge examined only the type material of each species and, unfortunately, he did not provide any data on morphological variation and natural history. The genus has not been included in any recent phylogenetic hypothesis (Miller & Hormiga, 2004; Arnedo et al., 2009), although it was suggested that Exocora is close to Exechopsis and Dubiaranea by the shape of the male palp (Millidge, 1991). Examination of extensive material collected in Atlantic Forest from eight states in Brazil has resulted in six new species of Exocora and they are described here based on male and female specimens, females being described for the first time for the genus. All sexes were matched according to the sample locality and the habitus of each species. Material and Methods All specimens examined are deposited in collections of the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo (IBSP, D. M. B. Battesti) and Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCN, E. H. Buckup). All measures are in millimeters (mm). Descriptions and terminology were based in Hormiga (1994a, 2000), Miller & Hormiga (2004). The macroseta formula of the tibia, the presence of trichobothrium and its position on metatarsus I follows Millidge (1980). If available, we selected 10 males and 10 females of each species to measure variation of total body length, width and length of the carapace, and femur I length. The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: A, atrium; ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; BH, basal haematodocha; CD, copulatory duct; CL, column; DP, dorsal plate; E, embolus; EM, embolic membrane; FD, fertilization duct; LC, lamella characteristica; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; PT, Accepted by G. Hormiga: 19 Nov. 2012; published: 7 Jan. 2013 261 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. protegulum; R, radix; S, spermatheca; SPT, suprategulum; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TmI, position of trichobothrium on metatarsus I; TmIV, fourth metatarsal trichobothrium; VP, ventral plate. The genitalia of male and female were examined and illustrated using a MZ12 Leica stereomicroscope with a drawing tube and micrometric oculars. The palps were observed in the retrolateral and prolateral view. Epigyna were observed and illustrated in dorsal and ventral view, and the internal structures were cleared using clove-oil. For expansion and examination of the male palp, we followed Hormiga (1994b). Digital multi-focal photos, with details on the eyes, on the tibia I prolateral macroseta and the habitus of both sexes, were taken using a Leica digital camera DFC500 attached to a MZ16A Leica stereomicroscope. The photographs were assembled using the program Leica Application Suite Version 3.3.0. Palps of Exocora phoenix n. sp. and E. nogueirai n. sp. were examined using a scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss DSM-940) at the Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Results Taxonomy Family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 Exocora Millidge, 1991 Type species by original designation, Exocora proba Millidge, 1991. Diagnosis: Males of Exocora are distinguished from other Linyphiidae by the shape of the embolic division, which has an elongated lamella characteristica (= suprategular apophysis in Millidge, 1991: 58) extended anteriorly, and by the projecting eyes (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 1A–C; 2B; 3A, B; E. proba and E. pallida in Millidge, 1991: figs 190–194). Females can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: prominent epigynum with single atrium, prominent eyes, and following a color pattern of orange-yellow carapace, with lateral markings, and pale brown abdomen, with dark markings and whitish spots on the surface (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 1D, E; 2D, E; 15A; 16A). Description: (Male described by Millidge, 1991: 58) Complementary notes: Total length 1.18–2.34 in males and 1.38–2.30 in females. Carapace orange to yellowish, with two dorsolateral dark marking (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 2A, D). Sternum orange to yellowish, with dark margins. Male chelicerae promargin with 2–3 teeth, retromargin with 3–4 teeth, female chelicerae promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 4–5 teeth. Abdomen pale brown, with dark marking and white spots. Eyes, projected anteriorly. Ocular area with bristles (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 2B, E; E. proba in Millidge, 1991: figs 194). Leg formula I-II-IV-III. Legs yellowish, with dark markings on each articles. Tibia I with a thick prolateral macroseta, thinner in females (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 2C, F). Dorsal tibial macrosetae 2-2-2-2. TmIV absent. Male palpal tibia without apophysis. Palp with protegulum. Embolus long and filiform (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 1A–C; 3A, B; E. proba and E. pallida in Millidge, 1991: figs 190–193). Females with prominent epigynum and spermathecae rounded or oblong (e.g. Exocora phoenix Figs 1D, E; 15A; 16A). Species: Exocora proba Millidge, 1991, E. pallida Millidge, 1991, E. phoenix n. sp., E. girotii n. sp., E. ribeiroi n. sp., E. medonho n. sp., E. nogueirai n. sp. and E. una n. sp. Distribution: Bolivia, Venezuela and Brazil. Exocora phoenix new species Figs. 1A–E; 2A–F; 3A, B; 15A; 16A; 17 Types: Holotype 1%, from Reserva Florestal Morro Grande (23°36'S, 46°55'W), Cotia, São Paulo, Brazil, 20/XII/ 2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. col. (IBSP 131228). Paratypes: 2%1&, from Carrancas (21º29'16''S; 44º38'34''W), Minas Gerais, Brazil, X/2008, R. A. Zampaulo col. (IBSP 124128); 1&, from Fragmento Florestal Dito André (23°36'14''S; 46°55'8''W), Cotia, São Paulo, Brazil, 10/XII/2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. col. (IBSP 131231); 1%, from Reserva Natural da Serra do Itaqui (25°18'25''S; 48°19'44''W), Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, Brazil, 18/IX/2007, E. 262 · Zootaxa 3599 (3) © 2013 Magnolia Press LEMOS & BRESCOVIT TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. F. Ramos col. (MCN 45119); 2&, from Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira (25°25'44''S; 48°42'43''W), Antonina, Paraná, Brazil, 21/IX/2005, H. Höfer col. (MCN 45924). Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition and refers to the bird from Greek mythology that rose from its ashes, symbolizing hope. The name alludes to material examined, found after the fire on the collection of Instituto Butantan in May 15, 2010. Diagnosis: Males of Exocora phoenix n. sp. are distinguished from those of other species in the genus, except from E. proba, by the shape of the lamella characteristica, more rectangular in the proximal part, sinuous and pointed distally, and the shape of the embolic membrane, curved towards the dorsal part, with the proximal part wider and distal part pointed (Figs 1A–C; 3A, B). Males are distinguished from E. proba by the distal part of the lamella characteristica, bifid in E. proba (Millidge 1991: figs 190, 191). The females are distinguished by the small median projection in the posterior margin of ventral plate of the epigynum; by having the dorsal plate wider in the posterior region, dividing the atrium medially (Figs 1D; 15A), and by the shape of the copulatory ducts, much longer and sinuous than in the other species (Figs 1E; 16A).
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