Chapter 2 Overview

By Debra K. Higley and Stephanie B. Gaswirth Click here to return to Volume Title Page

Chapter 2 of 13 Petroleum Systems and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas—USGS Province 58 Compiled by Debra K. Higley

U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–69–EE

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014

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Suggested citation: Higley, D.K., and Gaswirth, S.B., 2014, Overview, chap. 2, in Higley, D.K., compiler, Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas— USGS Province 58: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–69–EE, 5 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds69EE.

ISSN 2327-638X (online) iii

Contents

Introduction...... 1 Discussion of Chapters...... 1 Contact Information...... 5 Disclaimer...... 5 Using This CD...... 5 References Cited...... 5

Figures

1. Map showing the Anadarko Basin Province is delineated by the maximum areal extent of the Woodford Composite and Pennsylvanian Composite Total Petroleum Systems (TPSs). The province includes the Anadarko Basin (red line), part of the Palo Duro Basin, and the Las Animas arch...... 2 2. Generalized surface and subsurface stratigraphic columns for the Anadarko Basin and the Southern Oklahoma Fold Belt Provinces for the Precambrian to Mississippian. Assessment units (AU) are included in the Woodford Composite TPS. Blue text and lowercase descriptors indicate informal status. Wavy horizontal lines and vertical bars indicate unconformities and their duration. Modified from Bebout and others (1993) and Henry and Hester (1995). Ages in millions of years before present (Ma) from Haq and Van Eysinga (1998) and Gradstein and others (2004) (red text). Fm., Formation; Mbr., Member...... 3 3. Generalized surface and subsurface stratigraphic columns for the Anadarko Basin and the Southern Oklahoma Fold Belt Provinces for the Precambrian to Mississippian. Assessment units (AU) are included in the Woodford Composite TPS. Italic (blue) text and lowercase descriptors indicate informal status. Wavy horizontal lines and vertical bars indicate unconformities and their duration. Modified from Bebout and others (1993) and Henry and Hester (1995). Ages in millions of years before present (Ma) from Haq and Van Eysinga (1998) and Gradstein and others (2004) (red text). Fm., Formation; Mbr., Member...... 4

Overview

By Debra K. Higley and Stephanie B. Gaswirth

Introduction 13. Thirteen Finger Limestone–Atoka Shale Gas, AU 50580261 This publication provides research results and related There are nine conventional and three continuous AUs. data in support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Continuous AUs are the (1) Devonian and Mississippian assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential Woodford Shale Gas and (2) Woodford Shale Oil AUs of the of the Anadarko Basin Province of western Oklahoma and Woodford Composite TPS, and (3) the Pennsylvanian Thir- Kansas, northern Texas, and southeastern Colorado (fig. 1). teen Finger Limestone–Atoka Shale of the Pennsylvanian This province area includes the Las Animas arch of south- Composite TPS. The stratigraphic charts show units within the eastern Colorado, part of the Palo Duro Basin of Texas, and Woodford Composite TPS (fig. 2) and Pennsylvanian Com- the Anadarko Basin. This is hereafter referred to as the 2011 posite TPS (fig. 3). assessment, which corresponds to the publication release date of the assessment results (Higley and others, 2011). Results of the geologic analysis and resource assessment (chapter 1) Discussion of Chapters are based on the geologic elements of each defined total petroleum system (TPS), including hydrocarbon source rocks The 13 chapters included in DDS–69–EE cover topics (source-rock maturation, hydrocarbon generation and migra- that range from the oil and gas resource assessment results tion), reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphic and petrophysi- (chapter 1) of the Anadarko Basin Province, to background cal properties), hydrocarbon traps (trapping mechanisms and geological and geochemical research (chapters 3–11), tabular timing), and seals. Using this geologic framework, the USGS data and graphs in support of the assessment (chapter 12), and defined 2 TPSs, the Woodford Composite TPS and Pennsyl- data releases of geographic information systems (GIS) shape vanian Composite TPS (fig. 1) and 12 included assessment files, zmap-format grid files that were used to build petroleum units (AU) (chapters 1 and 5–7), and quantitatively estimated system models, and a standalone three-dimensional (3D) geo- the undiscovered oil and gas resources within these AUs. The logic model (chapter 13). Information on individual chapters assigned TPS and AU names and numeric codes follow. is below. Woodford Composite TPS 505801: Chapter 3. Thermal maturation history is based on one-dimensional (1D) and four-dimensional (4D) petroleum 1. Arbuckle-Ellenburger, AU 50580101 system models created as part of this study and on published 2. Simpson Group, AU 50580102 research. This information was used to model hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation through time for 3. Viola Group, AU 50580103 three assigned source intervals, the Ordovician Oil Creek Formation, Devonian-Mississippian Woodford Shale, and the 4. Hunton Group, AU 50580104 informal Atokan Thirteen Finger limestone. Thermal matura- 5. Mississippian, AU 50580105 tion boundaries were also used to delineate continuous assess- ment units. 6. Woodford Shale Gas, AU 50580161 Chapter 4. The geochemistry of produced gases from the Anadarko Basin was analyzed with particular regard for their 7. Woodford Shale Oil, AU 50580162 source and timing of generation, and this information helped 8. Pennsylvanian Composite TPS 505802: to define the assessment units used in the assessment of undis- covered resources. 9. Morrowan-Atokan, AU 50580201 Chapter 5. The geology and assessment of Cambrian through Devonian stratigraphy of the Anadarko Basin Prov- 10. Desmoinesian, AU 50580202 ince is discussed. Included are descriptions of the units that 11. Missourian-Permian, AU 50580203 compose the AUs: the Reagan Sandstone, the Arbuckle Group, the Simpson Group, the Viola Group, the Sylvan Shale, the 12. Greater Granite Wash Composite, AU 50580204 Hunton Group, and the Misener sand (fig. 2). 2 Overview

104° 103° 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 97°

Central Kansas uplift Denver Salina Basin Basin 39°

Las Animas arch

38° Woodford Pennsylvanian Composite TPS Composite TPS

COLORADO KANSAS 37° NEW OKLAHOMA MEXICO TEXAS Anadarko 36° Raton Basin Basin

Nemaha uplift

35° COLORADO KANSAS Hardeman Arbuckle NEW OKLAHOMA Palo uplift MEXICO Duro Basin TEXAS Basin 0 50 100 MILES Anadarko GULF 34° Basin OF Province MEXICO 0 50 100 KILOMETERS

Figure 1. Map showing the Anadarko Basin Province is delineated by the maximum areal CH2_Figureextent of the Woodford 1. Composite and Pennsylvanian Composite Total Petroleum Systems (TPSs). The province includes the Anadarko Basin (red line), part of the Palo Duro Basin, and the Las Animas arch.

Chapter 6. Contained are the geology, thermal matura- cross sections that cover the Oklahoma portion of the tion history, and assessment of continuous resources of the Anadarko Basin. There are three major lithologic groups: (1) Devonian-Mississippian Woodford Shale Gas and Woodford the carbonate-dominated units of Mississippian age and older, Shale Oil AUs (fig. 2). (2) mostly siliciclastic units of Pennsylvanian age, and (3) Chapter 7. Conventional undiscovered resources of Missis- evaporites and red shales of Permian age. sippian through Permian AUs are discussed, as well as continu- Chapter 11. This discussion of the tectonic and structural ous gas resources from the Atokan Thirteen Finger limestone evolution of the Anadarko Basin is accompanied by a struc- AU (figs. 2 and 3). Background information on these AUs tural interpretation of a key two-dimensional (2D) seismic line includes the geologic characteristics and thermal maturation and and associated structural restoration. petroleum production histories of the source and reservoir rocks. Chapter 12. Contained are tabular data and graphs used in Chapters 8 and 9. Pore pressures in Pennsylvanian strata of support of assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the greater Anadarko Basin range from overpressure in the deep the Anadarko Basin Province. basin, to normal pressure in the northeastern flank, to underpres- Chapter 13. Included are grid files and associated sure in the northwestern flank. The characteristics and evolution readme and metadata files used to build and document a 4D of the overpressured system are discussed in chapter 8, along petroleum system model of the province. The 2D grid files with the finding of a paleo-overpressure zone more extensive comprise (1) 26 structural surfaces across the province, (2) than the present-day area of overpressure. The characteristics and estimated eroded thickness of strata in the Cenozoic, (3) causes of the underpressure, which grades into normal pressure total organic carbon content of the Woodford Shale, and (4) along the northern flank of the basin, are discussed in chapter 9. basement heat flow. Also included with this chapter is a 3D Chapter 10. Lithologies derived from mud logs, sample standalone geologic model of the Anadarko Basin Province logs, and geophysical logs are presented on eight structural that incorporates the 2D grid files. Discussion of Chapters 3

Figure 2. Generalized surface Hugoton Northern Southern AU Embayment Anadarko Anadarko and subsurface stratigraphic names Series System Kansas Basin Basin columns for the Anadarko Basin Age, Ma 318.1 and the Southern Oklahoma Cunningham sand Cunningham sands ±1.3 Markham sand Britt sand Britt sand Fold Belt Provinces for the Springer

Formation Aldridge sand Spiers sand Humphreys sand Precambrian to Mississippian. Chesterian Chester Group Manning zone Boatwright sands Group

333 Chester Ste. Genevieve Formation Ste. Genevieve Limestone Sims sands Assessment units (AU) are St. Louis Formation St. Louis Limestone Springer Formation Goddard Shale Goodwin sand Salem Limestone included in the Woodford Salem Fm. (Spergen Fm.) lime Delaware Creek Shale Mera- Mecian

Meramec lime Warsaw Formation Warsaw Limestone (Caney Shale) Meramec Composite TPS. Blue text and 340 Mayes Group Mississippi chat Mississippian Mississippian Osage chert lowercase descriptors indicate ean

Osag- Cowley Formation 348 Sycamore Limestone Gilmore City Limestone Mississippi solid informal status. Wavy horizontal Mississippi lime

Hannibal Shale Osage lime Kinderhook Shale lines and vertical bars indicate 359.2 Kinder- hookian unconformities and their duration. ± 2.5 Woodford Shale Woodford Shale Modified from Bebout and others

quan Woodford (1993) and Henry and Hester Chautau- Shale 365 Misener sand Misener sand Gas, Oil (1995). Ages in millions of years before present (Ma) from Haq and 374 Senecan Van Eysinga (1998) and Gradstein Devonian

Erian and others (2004) (red text). Fm., 379 Frisco Formation Formation; Mbr., Member. Frisco Formation Bois d'Arc Formation 416.0 Ulsterian Bois d'Arc Formation ± 2.8 Haragan Formation Haragan Formation Hunton Henryhouse Formation Henryhouse Formation Cayugan Group 421

Fitzhugh Mbr. Clarita Prices Falls Silurian Niagaran Fm. Member Hunton Group

432 Hunton Group Chimneyhill Limestone Cochrane Formation Alexandrian

443.7 Chimneyhill subgroup Keel Formation ±1.5 Sylvan Shale Sylvan Shale

Viola Welling Fm. Group Fernvale Limestone Viola Formation (Fernvale-Viola) Cincinnatian Trenton Limestone Viola Springs 452 ? Viola Group Formation Bromide Formation (Simpson dense,Wilcox sands) Bromide dense (lime) Simpson Group First Bromide sand Simpson Tulip Creek Formation Ordovician Bromide Second Bromide sand Formation Group McLish Formation Tulip Creek Formation Oil Creek Formation Champlainian ? (Third Bromide sand) McLish Formation Simpson Group Joins Formation Oil Creek Formation

472 Simpson Group Joins Formation West Spring Creek Fm. Brown zone Kindblade Formation ? Cool Creek Formation

Canadian Arbuckle Group McKenzie Hill Formation Arbuckle Group Butterly Dolomite 488.3 (undivided) Signal Mountain Formation ±1.7 Arbuckle- (undivided) Royer Dolomite Ellenburger Arbuckle Group Fort Sill Limestone Bonneterre Bonneterre leauan Trempea- Dolomite Dolomite Timbered Hills 514 Group

nian Reagan (Lamotte) Reagan (Lamotte) Franco-

Cambrian Sandstone Sandstone achian 542.0 Dresb- ? ±1.0

CH2_Fig2 4 Overview

Hugoton Northern Southern Figure 3. Generalized surface and AU Embayment Anadarko Anadarko names subsurface stratigraphic columns for the Series

System Kansas Basin Basin Age, Ma Anadarko Basin and the Southern Oklahoma 251.0 Fold Belt Provinces for the Precambrian to ± 0.4

Ochoan Cloud Chief Formation Mississippian. Assessment units (AU) are Big Basin Formation Day Creek Dolomite included in the Woodford Composite TPS. Whitehorse Fm. Whitehorse Group Italic (blue) text and lowercase descriptors lupian Guada- Nippewalla Group El Reno Group indicate informal status. Wavy horizontal lines 256 Stone Corral Fm. Stone Corral Fm. and vertical bars indicate unconformities Garber Ss. Ninnescah Fm. Hennessey Sh. Enid dian and their duration. Modified from Bebout and Group Leonar- Group Sumner Wellington Fm. Wellington Fm. Wellington Fm. 271 others (1993) and Henry and Hester (1995). Permian Chase Group Chase Group Ages in millions of years before present Pontotoc (Ma) from Haq and Van Eysinga (1998) and Group Council Grove Group Council Grove Group Gradstein and others (2004) (red text). Fm.,

Wolfcampian Formation; Mbr., Member. 299.0 Admire Group Admire Group ± 0.8 Wabaunsee Group Wabaunsee Group Topeka Lst. Ada Group Shawnee Group Oread Lst. Virgilian

Douglas Group Douglas Group Vamoosa Group 300 Lansing Group Lansing Group

Missourian – Permian Dewey Lst. Hoxbar Kansas City Group Hogshooter Lst. Group Missourian Dodds Creek Ss.

Checkerboard Lst. Pleasanton Group Greater Granite Wash Composite Greater Granite Wash Kansas City Gp. 304

Marmaton Group Marmaton Group Deese Group Lagonda Ss. Verdigris Lst. Chelsea Ss. Tiawah Lst. Desmoinesian

Desmoinesian Cherokee Group Taft Ss. Pennsylvanian Inola Lst. Pumpkin Creek Bluejacket Ss. Limestone Warner Ss. 308

Atokan Atoka Group Atoka Group Atoka Shale Morrowan- Atokan

Thirteen Finger Limestone - Atoka Thirteen Finger lime Shale 311

Morrow shale Dornick Hills

Dornick Hills Group shale

Kearny Purdy sand Upper Fm. Primrose Ss. Puryear sand Atokan Morrowan Morrowan-

Morrow Group ? Morrow Formation

Keyes sand Keyes sand

318.1 Lower ± 1.3 CH2_Fig3 References Cited 5

Contact Information References Cited

This volume is one of a series of products resulting from Bebout, D.G., White, W.A., Hentz, T.F., and Grasmick, M.K., the National Oil and Gas Assessment project of the U.S. Geo- eds., 1993, Atlas of major mid-continent gas reservoirs: logical Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the project Bureau of Economic Geology, 85 p. should be addressed to: Christopher J. Schenk, Project Chief Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., Bleeker, Wouter, U.S. Geological Survey Lourens, L.J., 2004, A new geologic time scale with special Box 25046, Mail Stop 939 reference to Precambrian and Neogene: Episodes, June Denver Federal Center 2004, v. 27, no. 2, p. 83–100. Denver, CO 80225-0046 Telephone: (303) 236-5796 Haq, B.U., and Van Eysinga, F.W.B., 1998, Geological time E-mail: [email protected] table: Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, New York, 1 chart. Henry, M.E., and Hester, T.C., 1995, Anadarko Basin Prov- ince (058), in Gautier, D.L., Dolton, G.L., Takahashi, K.I., Disclaimer and Varnes, K.L., eds., 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources on CD-ROM: U.S. Geologi- This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD–ROM) cal Survey Digital Data Series 30, 51 p., accessed April 20, publication was prepared by an agency of the United States 2011, at http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/noga/1995.html. Government. Neither the United States Government nor any Higley, D.K., Gaswirth, S.B., Abbott, M.M., Charpentier, agency thereof, nor any of its employees, make any warranty, R.R., Cook, T.A., Ellis, G.S., Gianoutsos, N.J., Hatch, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or respon- J.R., Klett, T.R., Nelson, Philip, Pawlewicz, M.J., Pearson, sibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any O.N., Pollastro, R.M., and Schenk, C.J., 2011, Assessment information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Anadarko report, or represent that its use would not infringe privately Basin province of Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and Colo- owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commer- rado, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011–3003, cial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, 2 p., accessed February 2011, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or fs/2011/3003/. imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data and software published on this CD–ROM have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and(or) the function- ing of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, the software, or related materials.

Using This CD

The descriptive and interpretive text chapters of this volume are in PDF format. Use Acrobat Reader Version 7.0 or later to access and view these chapters. Data-table files are presented as tab-delimited text files (.tab files), usable in spreadsheet and database software. Graphical and summary-table files are presented as portable document format files (.pdf files). Zmap-format grids (.DAT) and the associated readme file include geographic coordinate data. Geographic Information System (GIS) data associated with the Anadarko Basin resource assessment can be accessed from the following website: http://energy.usgs.gov/OilGas/ AssessmentsData/NationalOilGasAssessment/USBasinSum- maries.aspx?provcode=5058.