DALHOUSIE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 1981–2020

CONTENTS Introduction 4

Founding of the Society 4

Officers of the Society 5

Meetings 6

Special Meetings 7

Visiting lecturers 9

Medical Humanities Program 10

TJ Murray Visiting Scholar in Medical Humanities 10

The Avery Medal 11

Medical History Society of Nova Scotia 13

Publications 14

Meetings: Speakers and Topics 1981–2020 29 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this booklet is to record the origins and activities of the Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine over its first 40 years. In addition we will cover related aspects of the history of medicine in Nova Scotia. The aim is to provide the reader with an overview of the resources in medical history available in the province.

TF Baskett IA Cameron AE Marble TJ Murray FOUNDING OF THE SOCIETY In May 1981, Dr. Jock Murray, a neurologist with an interest in the history of medicine, thought it would be a good idea to search out others at Dalhousie of a similar mind. He planned to organize a Samuel Johnson-style literary club that would meet in the University Club pub and discuss historical matters over a drink. He sent out notices for any one interested, but the large number of responses (>40) were too many for discussion over drinks. Thus, he decided on an evening meeting with dinner followed by the presentation of papers.

Murray formed a planning group of Carl Abbott (Internal Medicine), Steven Bedwell (Neurology), Ian Cameron (Family Medicine), Allan Marble (Surgery), Janet Murray (Journalist) and Chester Stewart (Emeritus Dean of Medicine). Jock Murray was appointed President and Steven Bedwell the Secretary- Treasurer. Meetings would be held on the first Monday of each month during the academic year. The group would meet at the University Club pub, move upstairs for dinner, followed by two or three papers on medical history.

As the years passed an increasing number of presenters completed historical projects and came forward, often in response to stimulation from Dr. Murray. The number of presentations was reduced to two per evening to allow for more comprehensive reports and discussion. Speakers were usually members of local universities, practicing physicians, community members, historians, medical students and anyone with an interest and a project in medical history.

Society membership is about 85 and 25–40 people come to each meeting. Medical students are invited to attend and up until 2017 the Society and the Humanities Program paid for their meal.

In 1985 Jock Murray went on sabbatical to work at the Wellcome Library in London and Ian Cameron became President and Allan Marble the Secretary-Treasurer. In 2009 Ian Cameron retired to Sherbrooke village and Murray again took over the presidency while Marble continued as Secretary-Treasurer. In 2017 Allan Marble became President, while maintaining the role of Secretary-Treasurer.

Susan Kerslake, a published poet and author, has been a member of the society for more than 30 years. During that time she has assisted the treasurer by greeting members at the monthly meeting and collecting the charge for the evening meal.

4 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

President

TJ Murray 1981–1985

IA Cameron 1985–2009

TJ Murray 2009–2017

AE Marble 2017–

Secretary-Treasurer

SF Bedwell 1981–1986

AE Marble 1986–

TJ Murray IA Cameron

AE Marble SF Bedwell

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 5 MEETINGS The regular meetings of the society were always held in the Dalhousie Faculty Club. The group convened at the Earl of Dalhousie Pub, before dinner and presentations in the dining room at 6:30 p.m. The president introduces the first speaker at 7 p.m. — there are usually two presentations. Monthly meetings are on Monday from October to May.

The cost of the dinner increased over the years: 1982 ($12.00), 1989($14.00), 1990($15.00), 1999($17.00), 2001($20.00), 2008($25.00), 2018($30.00).

In late 2018 Allan Marble discussed the future direction of the society with several long-standing members. The attendance at monthly meetings had fallen and, in particular, fewer young members were joining or attending. It was decided to send a questionnaire about the format of the monthly meetings to all members of the society. This was done in early 2019. The results favoured eliminating the dinner, but keeping the two-speaker format. Unfortunately it was not possible to book the Dalhousie Club room for meetings unless food was ordered and purchased from the Club. Dr. Marble explored other potential venues and settled on the Atkins Room in the Nova Scotia Archives building at the corner of Robie Street and University Avenue. The room seats 70, has audio-visual and lectern facilities, along with an adjacent kitchen. It is wheelchair accessible, has security presence, and the rental of $100 per meeting could be covered by the annual membership dues. This change of venue started in October 2019.

A list of the speakers and topics through the years is provided later in this booklet.

6 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 SPECIAL MEETINGS

Medicine in the Age of Mozart

This meeting was organized by Dr. Carl Abbott to honour the 200th anniversary of the death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was held in the IWK Hospital Auditorium, Halifax on the weekend of 23–24 November, 1991. Local faculty were joined by four invited international speakers. During the intervals a string quartet played appropriate Mozart compositions.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 7 20th Anniversary Conference

This conference was held at the Tupper Medical Building on 24 November, 2001. The speakers and topics were as follows:

· Jock Murray. Multiple Sclerosis: the 19th century search for an entity.

· Ian Cameron. The Lawlors’ Island quarantine station: The apogee.

· Charles Roland — Keynote speaker. The comfort of each individual life; the heritage of the nineteenth century.

· Crystal Doyle. An author’s use of observation to describe heart disease in early twentieth century literature.

· Allan Marble. Morbidity, mortality, and medical therapy in Nova Scotia during the pre-confederation nineteenth century.

· Peter Twohig. A model for change: the Rockefellers and the Cape Breton Island public health unit.

· Barbara Clow. Defining disease, managing maladies: suffering, healing and the problem of cancer, 1900–1950.

· John Farley. Will they send our kids to the slaughter house too? Nova Scotia’s bovine tuberculosis controversy.

30th Anniversary Symposium

This symposium was held at the Tupper Medical building on 24 September, 2011. The speakers and topics were as follows:

· Allan Marble. Morbidity, mortality and medical therapy in pre-confederation Nova Scotia.

· Elizabeth Haigh. Doctoring or farming: Abraham Gesner’s dilemma.

· Jock Murray. The history of Dalhousie Medical School.

· Colin Howell. Alexander Peter Reid: Medicine, history and dreams of social transformation.

· Allan Marble. The legacy of Dr. John Stewart.

· Herbert Swick. Two unflappable frontier physicians: William Reynolds and Winifred Braine, Dalhousie class of 1900.

· Ron Stewart. Is there a doctor in house?

· Peter Twohig. The advantage of working together: The renegotiation of nursing practice during the 20th century.

· Allan Marble. The great influenza pandemic of 1918–1920: the Nova Scotia experience.

8 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 · Ken Murray. Kenneth MacKenzie- educator, medical historian, pioneer cardiologist.

· Ross Langley. Chester Stewart and the actions that transformed Dalhousie Medical School.

· Jake Blacklaws. Stampeding people: Just push the ‘panic button’.

· Jeremy Moeller. Early anesthesia in Nova Scotia.

· Janet Murray. The medical contributions of the Sisters of Charity.

· Brydon Blacklaws. Get the blood out of your boots! The story of mechanised blood pressure control.

· Herbert Swick. A musical jaunt through medical history. VISITING LECTURERS

AMS — Pope Foundation lecturer

In 2012 Dr. Murray received a five-year grant from Associated Medical Services, (AMS) matched by a donation from the Robert Pope Foundation, to establish an annual lectureship in the History of Medicine. This grant was renewed in 2018.

2012 Rolando del Maestro. McGill University, Montreal. Leonardo da Vinci and the search for the soul.

2013 James Connor. Memorial University, St John’s. A tale of several Scottish cities: Joseph Lister, surgical knowledge transfer and Victorian Canada.

2014 John Crellin. Memorial University, St John’s. 20th century picture postcards: to what extent have they affirmed and shaped public attitudes toward physicians?

2015 Bruce Fye. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. The origins and evolution of the Mayo Clinic from 1864 to 1939. A Minnesota family practice becomes an international medical mecca.

2016 Michael Bliss. University of Toronto. Sour grapes and suicide: new light on the discovery of insulin.

2017 Shelly McKellar. University of Western Ontario. Artificial hearts: a controversial medical technology and its sensational patients from Barney Clark to Dick Cheney.

2018 Mark Humphries. Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario. The last plague: Spanish influenza and the politics of public health in Canada.

2019 Lisa Chilton. University of Prince Edward Island. Death on the Miramichi: Community Responses to Sick Immigrants in Mid-Nineteenth-Century New Brunswick.

2020 Susan Lamb. Johns Hopkins University. Bicultural medicine: University of Ottawa’s aims and aspirations for its new medical school, 1945–1965.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 9 Dalhousie/UPEI Exchange Speaker

Since 2018 the AMS grant also funds an annual exchange speaker between the Dalhousie and UPEI societies for the history of medicine.

2018 James Moran. University of Prince Edward Island. Trials of madness: The role of civil law in the response to mental illness.

Jock Murray. Dalhousie University. The History of Dalhousie Medical School: 10 anecdotes.

2019 Sasha Mullally. University of Prince Edward Island. Doctors in a strange land: physician immigration during the Medicare era MEDICAL HUMANITIES PROGRAM In 1992, Dr. Jock Murray on completing his term as Dean of Medicine was appointed the first Director of Medical Humanities and started the Medical Humanities Program within the Division of Medical Education. The medical faculty’s mandate is to produce healthy, well-rounded physicians. It was felt that study of the arts and humanities was a vital part of this mandate. Components include: ethics, philosophy, literature, poetry, visual arts, music, performing arts, creative writing, history of medicine and other humanities that relate to medicine. Over the years many members of the Society have acted as mentors and preceptors for student projects within the Humanities Program. In 2013 the name was changed to Humanities — HEALS (Healing and Education through the Arts and Life Skills) Program.

Since its inception the administrative secretary of Medical Humanities, Roxy Pelham followed by Ana Bela Sardinha, has helped with the administrative aspects of the Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine. TJ MURRAY VISITING SCHOLAR IN MEDICAL HUMANITIES This lectureship was established in 1993 in honour of Dr. TJ Murray, after he completed his term as Dean of Medicine (1985–1992). It is organized by a committee within the Medical Humanities program. The aim was “To bring outstanding scholars to Dalhousie Medical School to interact with students, faculty and staff through informal discussion, departmental visits, seminars, and a major faculty lecture and a public address.”

Previous Visiting Scholars

1993 Dr. Robert Joy, Bethesda, Maryland 1994 Dr. Michael LaCombe, Maine 1995 Dr. Albert Jonsen, Seattle, Washington 1996 Dr. Rita Charon, New York

10 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 1997 Dr. Robert Buckman, Toronto 1998 Dr. Michael Bliss, Toronto 1999 Dr. Christine Cassel, New York 2000 Dr. Richard Selzer, New Haven 2001 Ms. Katsi Cook, Berkshire, New York 2002 Dr. Jacalyn Duffin, Kingston, Ontario 2003 Dr. Roberta Bondar, Toronto 2004 Lord Walton of Detchant, Newcastle, UK 2005 Mr. Freeman Patterson, New Brunswick 2006 Dr. William Seidelman, Toronto 2007 Prof. Paul Robertson, UK 2008 Dr. Helen Caldicott, Australia 2009 Dr. Jeff Turnbull, Toronto 2010 Dr. Ronald A. Carson, Texas 2011 Dr. Dafydd Williams, Toronto 2013 Dr. Anne Basting, Milwaukee 2014 Dr. Gary Bloch, Toronto 2015 Dr. Kenneth Ludmerer, St Louis 2017 Dr. Nicholas Cambridge, Buckingham, UK 2018 Dr. Ewan Affleck, Edmonton, Alberta 2019 Dr. Richard Kogan, New York

The speakers in 2012 (weather) and 2016 (illness) were cancelled. THE AVERY MEDAL On 3 November, 1997, Dr. Tarun Ghose (Pathology) gave a presentation at the Society meeting entitled: ‘Oswald Avery: a father of modern genetics, forgotten Haligonian.’ This stimulated discussion and action, such that the Society struck a medal in honour of Dr. Avery, to be awarded: ‘For contributions to medical history,’ to outstanding guest speakers and members of the society.

Oswald Theodore Avery was born on 21 October, 1877 in Moran Street in the North End of Halifax — now a designated heritage building. His father was a Baptist minister; he and his wife having emigrated from Britain in 1873. When young Avery was 10, his family moved to the Lower East Side of New York City. He studied music at first but switched to medicine and graduated MD from Columbia University in 1904. After two years in general medical practice he changed to a career in research, starting at the Hoagland Laboratory in Brooklyn. He transferred to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1913 and remained there for the next 35 years. In 1944, along with his co-workers, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty, he isolated DNA as the material of which genes and chromosomes are made. This paved the way for the discovery of the helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick. Nobel laureate Arne Tiselius said that Avery was ‘the most deserving scientist not to receive the Nobel Prize for his work.’ In his final

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 11 years he moved to Nashville, Tennessee and worked with his younger brother, Roy — a bacteriologist at the Vanderbilt School of Medicine. Oswald Avery died at Nashville on 20 February, 1955.

Society members Tarun Ghose and Kurt Aterman (Pathology) took the lead and designed the medal with Dr. Avery’s likeness on one face and the DNA molecule on the reverse. Tarun Ghose prepared the drawings, and copies of the medal were struck by a local jeweller. The Avery Medal can be viewed at the Kellogg Library in one of the three frames of medical medals donated to Dalhousie by the estate of the late Kurt Aterman.

As the primary nominator, Dr. Ghose wrote the biography on Avery for his induction into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame in 2004.

The Avery Medal has been awarded seven times:

Michael Bliss 1998 Toronto, Ontario James B Young 2000 Cleveland, Ohio Charles G Roland 2001 Hamilton, Ontario Jaclyn Duffin 2002 Kingston, Ontario Ian A Cameron 2009 Halifax, Nova Scotia Allan E Marble 2011 Halifax, Nova Scotia T Jock Murray 2017 Halifax, Nova Scotia

On 21 February 2005, Allan Marble organized and chaired a meeting in the Tupper Building to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the death of Dr. Avery, and to mark his career and contributions to science and medicine. There were five speakers: Tarun Ghose (Pathology), Michael Gray (Biochemistry), Robert Lee (Biology), Michael Marshall (Historian) and Martin Willison (Biology).

12 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 MEDICAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF NOVA SCOTIA Included in the annual meetings of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia for many years was a report from an Archives/ Museum Committee. During the 1920s and 1930s this report was presented by Dr. Kenneth Mackenzie and during the 1940s and 1950s by Dr. Harold Scammell. These reports were published in the Journal of the Society and listed donations of artifacts which the Society had received during the previous year. In 1981, when Allan Marble was invited to join the Archives Committee it consisted of MR MacDonald (General Practice) as president and members Ian Cameron (Family Medicine), Al MacLeod (Nephrology), Jock Murray (Neurology), Eddie Ross (Surgery).

Sometime before 1981, the Medical Society transferred their records to the Archives Committee which in turn placed them in the Kellogg Library for safe keeping. Later these records were moved to the Nova Scotia Archives (NSA) where they were catalogued. In 1997 the NSA decided that the Medical Society records should be removed and arrangements were made to store the Society’s records on the 5th floor of the Abbie Lane Hospital,where they stayed until 2012. Thereafter Dr. Marble was able to convince the new archivist at Nova Scotia Archives to once again add the records of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia to the NSA collection.

About 1985, the artifacts of the Archives Committee of the Medical Society were moved from a small room at Camp Hill Hospital to the 5th floor of the Abbie Lane Hospital. This collection is still located at the Abbie Lane and during the last 30 years several additional medical history artifacts have been added. The collection has been catalogued and in 2017 a part-time junior archivist was hired to add new donations and to revise the catalogue. The most significant donation to the collection during the last 15 years has been the Webster Collection. It was donated by Dr. David Webster of Yarmouth and includes records and artifacts from six generations of Webster doctors who practiced in Kentville and in Yarmouth. It included about 100 books from the 18th and early 19th centuries which the Archives Committee decided to donate to Special Collections at Dalhousie so that these rare books could be held in a temperature and humidity- controlled environment. The Archives Committee also made arrangements with the Yarmouth County Archives and Museum to have a room in their Museum designated as the Webster Room of Medical History and the Archives Committee provided the artifacts for a permanent display in that room.

In the early 2000s the Archives committee was given permission by the Medial Society to change its name to the Medical History Society of Nova Scotia. For many years the Society has received annual grants from the Dean of Medicine, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Doctors Nova Scotia (formerly the Medical Society).

These grants allow the Society to fund Beth MacPherson as administrator, as well as David MacLaughlin, a junior archivist who works at NSA. The administrator prepares displays which are placed at the Doctors Nova Scotia Office in Dartmouth, at the Tupper Building and at several locations throughout the province. The present membership of the Executive of the Society is: Allan Marble (President), Margaret Casey (Vice President) and members Carl Abbott (Internal Medicine), David Anderson (Internal Medicine), Gus Grant (College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia), Tom Marrie (Infectious Diseases), Jock Murray (Neurology), Merv Shaw (General Practice), Dora Stinson (Neonatology), Rosemary Barbour (Nova Scotia Archives), and Martin Hubley (Nova Scotia Museum).

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 13 PUBLICATIONS The following books, chapters, and journal articles on the topic of medical history have been published by members since the Society was established:

Books

Abbott EC. Mourning de Pachmann: The Quest for the Spirit of Chopin. Maryland: Hamilton Press; 2011.

Abbott EC. Where Sound the Cries of Race and Class. Victoria, BC: Friesen Press; 2019.

Baskett TF. On the Shoulders of Giants: Eponyms and Names in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (1st Edition London: RCOG Press; 1996) (2nd Edition London: RCOG Press; 2008) (3rd Edition Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019)

Baskett TF (ed). Pages of History in Canadian Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Toronto: Rogers Media; 2003.

Baskett PJF, Baskett TF. Resuscitation Greats. Bristol: Clinical Press Ltd; 2007.

Baskett TF. A History of Caesarean Birth: From Maternal Death to Maternal Choice. Bristol: Clinical Press Ltd; 2017.

Bennett L. Rhetoric, Medicine, and the Woman Writer, 1600–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2018.

Burden G, Grant D. Amazing Medical Stories. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions; 2003.

Cameron IA. Quarantine, What is Old is New: Halifax and the Lawlor’s Island Quarantine Station. 1866–1938. Halifax: New World Publishing; 2007.

Camp Hill Hospital — 70 Years of Caring, 1917–1987. Halifax: Camp Hill Historical Committee; 1988.

Cyr RM, Baskett TF. Caesarean Birth: The Work of Francois Rousset in Renaissance France. A New Treatise on Hysterotomotokie or Caesarien Childbirth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010.

Farley J. Bilharzia: A History of Imperial Tropical Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

Farley J. To Cast out Disease: A History of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (1913–1951). New York: Oxford University Press; 2004.

Farley J. Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, and the Cold War. Vancouver: UBC Press; 2008.

Fingard J, Rutherford J. Protect, Befriend, Respect: Nova Scotia’s Mental Health Movement,1908–2008. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing; 2008.

Geddes JS, Stewart RD, Baskett TF. The Evolution of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care: Belfast and Beyond. Bristol: Clinical Press; 2017.

Haigh EV. Xavier Bichat and the Medical Theory of the Eighteenth Century. London: Wellcome Institute; 1984.

Haigh EV. Abraham Gesner: The Lure of the Rocks and a Burning Ambition. Victoria, BC: Tellwell Talent; 2019.

14 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Howell CD. A Century of Care: A History of the Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, 1887–1987. Halifax: VGH; 1988.

Huth EJ, Murray TJ (eds). Medicine in Quotations: Views of Health and Disease Through the Ages. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2000. Second edition 2006.

Leddin D. The No. 7 Stationary Hospital (Dalhousie University) in World War One. 2015.

MacCara ME. Dispensing Knowledge, One Hundred Years of the College of Pharmacy, 1911–2011. Tantallon, NS: Glen Margaret Publishing; 2012.

MacLeod EJ. Petticoat Doctors: The First Forty Years of Women in Medicine at Dalhousie University. Porters Lake, NS: Pottersfield Press; 1990.

Marble AE. Surgeons, Smallpox and the Poor: A History of Medicine and Social Conditions in Nova Scotia, 1749–1799. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press; 1993.

Marble AE. Physicians, Pestilence and the Poor: A History of Medicine and Social Conditions in Nova Scotia, 1800–1867. Victoria: Trafford Publishing; 2006

Murray TJ, Murray J. Sir Charles Tupper; Fighting Doctor to Father of Confederation. Toronto: Associated Medical Services; 1999.

Murray TJ. Reflections: Illness and Healing — the Art of Robert Pope. Hantsport, Nova Scotia: Robert Pope Foundation; 1999.

Murray TJ. Multiple Sclerosis: The History of a Disease. New York: Desmos Medical Publishing; 2005.

Murray TJ. Noble Goals, Dedicated Doctors: the Story of Dalhousie Medical School. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing; 2018.

Silverman ME, Murray TJ, Bryon CS. The Quotable Osler. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2002. Second edition, 2007.

Sutherland DA. “We Harbor No Evil Design”: Rehabilitation Efforts After the Halifax Explosion of 1917. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2017.

Twohig P. Challenge and Change: A History of the Dalhousie School of Nursing. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing; 1998.

Twohig P, Kalitzkus V. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Health, Illness and Disease. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 2004.

Twohig P, Kalitzkus V. Making Sense of Health, Illness and Disease. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 2004.

Twohig P. Labour in the Laboratory: Medical Laboratory Workers in the Maritimes, 1900–1950. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press; 2005.

Twohig P, Kalitzkus V. Social Studies of Health, Illness and Disease: Perspectives from the Social Sciences and Humanities. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 2008.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 15 Book chapters

Baskett TF. Some 20th century milestones in obstetrics and gynaecology. In: O’Brien PMS (ed). Yearbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. London; RCOG Press. 2000; 8:1–9.

Baskett TF. Of violent floodings in pregnancy: evolution of the management of placenta praevia. In: Sturdee D, Olah K, Keane D. (eds). Yearbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. London; RCOG Press. 2001; 9:1–14.

Baskett TF. The history of vacuum extraction. In: Vacca A. Handbook of Vacuum Delivery in Obstetric Practice. 2nd edition. Brisbane: Vacca Research, 2003; pp 14–23.

Baskett TF. The development of prostaglandins. In: Young DC, Baskett TF (eds). Prostaglandins in Pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 17:703–6.

Baskett TF. Hysterectomy: evolution and trends. In: Thakar R, Manyonda I (eds). Hysterectomy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 19:295–305.

Baskett TF. The history of pessaries for uterovaginal prolapse. In: Farrell SA (ed). Pessaries in Clinical Practice. London; Springer-Verlag Ltd: 2006, pp 1–9.

Baskett TF. Operative vaginal delivery — an historical perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 55:16–21.

Marble AE. German Physicians and Surgeons in Nova Scotia in the late 18th and early 19th Centuries. In: GK Weibenborn (ed). Toronto: Historical Society of Mecklenburg of Upper Canada; 1994.

Murray TJ. Dr. Samuel Johnson’s abnormal movements. In: Friedhoff AJ, Chase TN (eds).Advances in Neurology 1982; 35:25–30.

Murray TJ, Abraham N. The history of herpes zoster and post hepatic neuralgia; In: Watson CPN (ed). Pain, Research and Clinical Management. Elsevier Press: Amsterdam; 1993.

Murray TJ. Medical aspects of the disaster: The missing report of Dr. David Fraser Harris. In: Ruffman A, Howell CD (eds) Ground Zero: A Reassessment of the 1917 Explosion in Halifax Harbour. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing Ltd; 1994.

Murray TJ. William Heberden (1710–1801). In: Magner LN (ed). Doctors, Nurses and Medical Practitioners: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. Westport, Conn: 1997. pp 161–7.

Murray TJ. The history of MS. In: Burks J, Johnson K (eds). Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis, Medical Management and Rehabilitation. New York: Demos; 2000. pp 1–32.

Murray TJ. The captain of the men of death: the history of pneumonia. In: Marie T (ed) Community- acquired Pneumonia. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2001.

Murray TJ. Epistemology in medicine; medical quotations. In: Lock S (ed). Oxford Illustrated Companion to Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001 pp 279–83.

16 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Murray TJ, Murray JK. Serving two masters: The relationship between Sir Charles Tupper and Sir William Osler. In: Barondess JA, Roland C (eds) The Persisting Osler: Selected Transactions of the American Osler Society 1919–2000. Melbourne, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company; 2002.

Murray TJ, Murray JK. The seed, the soil, and the climate: The Scottish influence on Canadian medical education and practice. 1775–1875. In: Proceedings of the Scots 2 symposium: the influence of the Scots in Canada. McGill-Queens University Press; 2004.

Murray TJ. An appalling sudden death: explained seventy years later. In: Clio in the Clinic: History in Medical Practice. Duffin J (ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. pp 161–9.

Murray TJ. Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy. In: La Combe M, Elpern D (eds). Osler’s Bedside Library. Philadelphia: ACP Press; 2009.

Murray TJ Medicine in the age of Johnson: In: Lynch J (ed) Johnson in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011.

Murray TJ. The history of multiple sclerosis. In: Primer to Multiple Sclerosis. 2nd edition. Geisser B (ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014. pp 5–12.

Murray TJ. The Annals of Internal Medicine; Defining internal medicine. In:Serving our Patients and Profession: The History of the American College of Physicians on its 100th Anniversary. Philadelphia: ACP Press; 2015.

Murray TJ. History of MS. In: Rae-Grant A, Fox R. (eds) Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. New York: Demos; 2017 pp 1–10.

Journals

Abbott EC. The composer and tuberculosis: the effects on creativity. Can Med Assoc J 1982; 126:534.

Abbott EC. Mozart’s final illness: was it Graves’ disease?Clin Invest Med 1984; Suppl 7:40. (abstract)

Abbott EC. Sarcoidosis: an historical perspective. NS Med Bull 1985; 64:85.

Abbott EC. The maladies of Charles Dickens: a 20th century view. Clin Invest Med 1990; 13: B52 (abstract).

Abbott EC. Patterns of morbidity and mortality in the 18th century: the case of W.A. Mozart (1756–1791). Clin Invest Med 1991; Suppl 14:A66. (abstract)

Abbott EC. The wicked womb. Can Med Assoc J 1993; 48:381–2.

Abbott EC. Medicine in the age of Mozart: Introduction. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:150–2.

Abbott EC. The Mozart family physicians and their treatments. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:224–9.

Abbott EC. Syndromes of hypertension, polycystic ovaries and insulin resistance: an imaginary interview with Sir Frederick Banting. Hypertension Canada 2000; 64:5–6.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 17 Abbott EC. De Pachmann on stage. Ambassadors Online Magazine 2003; 6:1.

Abbott EC. De Pachmann on the piano. Ambassadors Online Magazine 2003; 6:2.

Abbott EC. The first case of Conn’s Syndrome.Hypertension Canada 2004; 77:8.

Abbott EC. The first cases of Pheochromocytoma.Hypertension Canada 2005; 52:1.

Abbott EC. Tolstoy’s Ivan Illich: was he poisoned by his wife? Ambassadors Online Magazine 2005; 8:1.

Abbott EC. Coarctation of the aorta: early cases. Hypertension Canada 2006; 54:6.

Abbott EC. The history and evolution of Cushing’s Syndrome. Hypertension Canada 2007; 90:7.

Abbott EC. Marguerite de Pachmann; a forgotten woman pianist and composer. Musical Times 2010.

Anderson RN. Mozart’s death — the case for complications of rheumatic heart disease. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:234–40.

Armson BA, Parsons ML, Baskett TF. The Rh program of Nova Scotia, 1964–2000. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 2000; 22:954–8.

Aterman KA. Thomas Hodgkin (1798–1866). Am J Dermatopath 1988; 8:157–67.

Aterman KA. Should Mozart have been psychoanalysed? Some comments on Mozart’s language in his letters. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:174–86.

Aterman KA. From Horus the child to Hephaestus who limps. Am J Med Genetics 1999; 83:53–63.

Aterman K A. Purkyne’s Heautognosis. J Med Biogr 2001; 9:87–96.

Baskett RJF. James Kenneth Wallace Ferguson: a life in Canadian medical research. Ann R Coll Phys Surg Can 1996; 29:105–8.

Baskett TF. Ferguson’s reflex: then and now. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1989; 11:35–8.

Baskett TF, Bowman JM. Some historical aspects of intrauterine fetal transfusion in Canada. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1991; 13:53–62

Baskett TF. Thomas Cullen and the umbilical black eye. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1992; 14:85–93.

Baskett TF. Robert’s sign of intrauterine fetal death. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1993; 15:69–72.

Baskett TF, Roulston TM. Goodwin’s obstetric retractors. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1993; 15:179–80.

Baskett TF. O’Sullivan’s method of hydrostatic replacement of acute uterine inversion. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1994; 16:75–6.

Baskett TF. John Mann and his obstetric forceps. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1994; 16:27–30.

Baskett TF. Milne JK. Shute’s obstetrical forceps. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1994; 16:55–61.

Baskett TF. Obstetrical practice in the age of Mozart. Dalhousie Review 1994; 73:202–12.

18 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Baskett TF. The first neonatal exchange transfusion for haemolytic disease of the newborn by Alfred Hart of Toronto. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1995; 17:153–5.

Baskett TF. Maughan’s manoeuvre. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1995; 17:680–3.

Baskett TF. Historical perspective: Sesquicentenary (1847–1997) of ether and chloroform anaesthesia in obstetrics. ACOG Clin Rev 1997; 2:213–6.

Baskett TF. Pioneers in obstetrics and gynaecology: James Young Simpson. Diplomate RCOG Press 1997; 472–3.

Baskett TF, Rishworth SK, Want PC. Historical perspective: Cast of the head of the first infant delivered under ether anesthesia by James Young Simpson. ACOG Clin Rev 1998; 20:1299–1300.

Baskett TF. Benjamin Pugh: the air-pipe and neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation 2000; 47:53–5.

Baskett TF, Shephard DAE. The obstetric trials and tribulations of Dr. John Mackieson, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 1827–1857. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96:314–8.

Baskett TF. A flux of the reds: evolution of active management of the third stage of labour.J R Soc Med 2000; 93: 489–93.

Baskett TF. Virginia Apgar and the newborn Apgar score. Resuscitation 2000; 47:215–7.

Baskett TF, Nagele F. Naegele’s Rule: A reappraisal. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 107:143–5.

Baskett TF, Baskett PJF. Frank Pantridge and mobile coronary care. Resuscitation 2001; 48: 99–104.

Baskett TF, Nagele F. Bernard Schultze and the swinging neonate. Resuscitation 2001; 51:3–6.

Baskett TF. James Blundell; the first transfusion of human blood.Resuscitation 2002; 52:229–33.

Baskett TF. William O’Shaughnessy, Thomas Latta and the origins of intravenous saline. Resuscitation 2002; 55:231–4.

Baskett TF. Edward Rigby (1747–1821) of Norwich and his essay on the uterine haemorrhage. J R Soc Med 2002; 95:618–22.

Baskett TF. Marshall Hall and his ready method of resuscitation. Resuscitation 2003; 57:227–30.

Baskett TF. Sydney Ringer and lactated Ringer’s solution. Resuscitation 2003; 58:5–7.

Baskett TF. Robert Hooke and the origins of artificial respiration.Resuscitation 2004; 60:125–27.

Baskett PJF, Baskett TF. Brian Sellick, cricoid pressure and the Sellick manoeuvre. Resuscitation 2004; 61:5–7.

Baskett TF. The development of oxytocic drugs in the management of postpartum haemorrhage. Ulster Med J 2004; 73:2–6.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 19 Baskett TF. Ambroise Paré and the arrest of haemorrhage. Resuscitation 2004; 62:133–5.

Baskett TF. Arthur Guedel and the oropharyngeal airway. Resuscitation 2004; 63:3–5.

Baskett TF. Alexander Graham Bell and the vacuum jacket for assisted respiration. Resuscitation 2004; 63:115–7.

Baskett TF, Kis M. Janos Balassa and resuscitation by chest compression. Resuscitation 2005; 3:65:11–13.

Baskett TF. Edinburgh connections in a painful world. J R Coll Surg Edinb Irel 2005; 3:99–107.

Baskett TF. Eve’s rocking method of artificial respiration.Resuscitation 2005; 65:245–7.

Baskett TF. The Brook airway. Resuscitation 2006; 71:6–9.

Baskett TF. Robert Woods (1865–1938): the rationale for mouth-to-mouth respiration. Resuscitation 2007; 72:8–10.

Baskett TF. Benjamin Howard and the direct method of artificial respiration.Resuscitation 2007; 72:189–92.

Baskett TF. Silvester’s technique of artificial respiration.Resuscitation 2007; 74:8–10.

Baskett TF. Joseph O’Dwyer and laryngeal intubation for croup. Resuscitation 2007; 74:211–4.

Baskett TF. The Holger Nielson method of artificial respiration.Resuscitation 2007; 74:403–5.

Baskett TF. The Pill and the Pope. West Engl Med J 2016; 115:1–14.

Baskett TF, Nisker J, Rowe TC, Taylor PJ. The history of our journal. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2018; 40:1113–6.

Baskett TF. Founding of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019; 41(S2):S169–72.

Baskett TF. Evolution of operative obstetric delivery in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019; 41(S2):S244–50.

Baskett TF. From tragedy to triumph: Canadian connections in the management of Rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019; 41(S2):S207–14.

Bednarski HE, McAlister V. Literature and obstetrics; reading maternal posture in Jacques Ferron’s “Little William”. Lit Med 2002; 21:216–41.

Bednarski HE, Roberts D. Celebrating the Physician Writer: Texts from the Jacques Ferron Symposium. Dal Med J 2006; 34: 55.

Bedwell SF. D’Anville’s doom, a neurological vignette from historic Halifax. Can J Neurol Sci 1980; 7:1–8.

Bennett L. Women, Writing, and Healing: Illness, Rhetoric, and Religion in An Collins, ‘Eliza,’ and Anna Trapnel. J Med Humanities 2015; 36:157–70.

20 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Bennett L, Snook E. Early Modern Maritime Recipes. An interdisciplinary database that includes upward of 300 medical remedies. April 2019

Bernier JR, McAlister VC. The Canadian Army Medical Corps affair of 1916 and General Guy Carleton Jones. Can J Surg 2018; 61:85–7.

Burden GM. What is the matter with Claudius? NS Med J 1993; 72:25–6.

Cameron IA. Halifax and the cholera epidemic of 1866. NS Med Bull 1984; 63:149–53.

Cameron IA. HMS Pyramus: frigate, receiving ship, hospital. NS Med Bull 1987; 66:118–20.

Cameron IA. Sergey Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: The Halifax Quarantine. Can Med Assoc J 2006; 174.

Cameron IA. Grace in extremis: the Duke of Richmond and rabies. Can Med Assoc J 2007; 176:819–20.

Cameron IA. Lister’s antiseptic technique: Dr. Charles Webster and home surgery. Can Family Physician 2008; 54:1579.

Cameron IA. The shadow within the shadow: How was Canada’s sixth prime minister, Charles Tupper, as a doctor? Can Family Physician 2009; 55:181–2.

Cameron IA. Nothing to do but wait: A home delivery in 1892: Dr. Charles Webster Can Family Physician 2009; 55:626–7.

Cameron IA. The frozen man of Queens County: surgical and social outcomes in the 1860s. Can Family Physician 2009; 55:813–4.

Cameron IA. Dr. William Osler and the Pictou County cattle disease. Can Family Physician 2013; 59:1095–7.

Cameron IA. Dr. William Osler: humour and wonderment. Can Family Physician 2014; 60:1134–6.

Cameron IA. Pimlott N. Art of medicine. Can Family Physician 2015; 61:739.

Cameron IA. A family portrait: a photo, a diagnosis, a death. Can Family Physician 2015; 61:788–9.

Cameron IA. The Bellili Family: Degas and family medicine. Can Family Physician 2016; 62:160–2.

Cameron IA. Sharing a cup of tea: lessons from Dr. CL MacMillan. Can Family Physician 2016; 62:250–1.

Cameron IA. Appreciating humour: what is happening in your waiting room. Can Family Physician 2016; 62:742–3.

Cameron IA. Hope: the role of medical research. Can Family Physician 2017; 63:390–1.

Cameron IA. The family physician as fifth business.Can Family Physician 2017; 63:158–9.

Cameron IA. Finishing strong. Can Family Physician 2018; 64:597–8.

Cameron S. Dr. Arthur Wohlmann and the Rotorua Health Spa. Hektoten Int J Health Humanities 2015; Vol 7. (https://hekint.org/2017/01/30/arthur-wohlmann-and-the-rotorua-health-spa/).

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 21 Caumartin Y, McAlister VC, Luke PP. A pioneer of urologic surgery from a small town in Ontario, Canada: a tribute to Abraham Groves (1847–1935). Can Urol Assoc J 2010; 4:407–12.

Claydon E, McAlister VC. The life of John Wishart (1850–1926): study of an academic surgical career prior to the Flexner Report. World J Surg 2012; 36:684–8.

Cogswell K. Dr. Harold E. Killam: A country physician at the turn of the century. NS Med J 1992; 71:147–53.

Da Cambra MP, McAlister VC. Calgary, Edmonton and the University of Alberta: the extraordinary medical mobilization by Canada’s newest province. Can J Surg 2017; 60:296–9.

Doucet J, Haley G, McAlister V. Massacre of Canadian Army Medical Corps personnel after the sinking of HMHS Llandover Castle and the evolution of modern war crime jurisprudence. Can J Surg 2018; 61:155–7.

Ernst WA. The history of urology in Nova Scotia. NS Med Bull 1981; 60:47–54.

Farley J. The Halifax diphtheria epidemic, 1940 to 1944: A disaster waiting to happen or a blessing in disguise? J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2002; 5:44–63.

Geddes CR, McAlister VC. A surgical review of the priority claims attributed to Abraham Groves (1847– 1935). Can J Surg 2009; 52:126–30.

Geldenhuys L. The History of Cytopathology. Can J Med Lab Sci 2002; 64:154. (abstract).

Geldenhuys L. Alexander Meisels. Clin Invest Med 2004; 27:187. (abstract)

Geldenhuys L. The Dalhousie University Medical Humanities program. Pathol Res Pract 2004; 2000:641. (abstract)

Geldenhuys L. Pathology in Canada. Bull R Coll Path 2010; 152:199–201.

Ghose T. Oswald Avery: The professor, DNA, and the Nobel Prize that eluded him. Can Bull Med Hist 2004; 21:135–144.

Gill R. Against great odds. NS Med J 1990; 69:5–6.

Gillis DA, Lewis SD, Little DC. The Halifax Explosion and the birth of a surgical specialty — myth or reality. Paediatric Surgery 2010; 45:855–8.

Grogono BJS. Almost always Wright: The contribution of Sir Almroth Wright, the ultimate genius of immunization. NS Med J 1993; 72:226–30.

Hamilton GR, Baskett TF. Mandrake to morphine: Anodynes of antiquity. Ann R Coll Phys Surg Can 1999; 32:403–6.

Hamilton GR, Baskett TF. In the arms of Morpheus: The development of morphine for postoperative pain relief. Can J Anesth 2000; 47:367–74.

22 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Hamilton GR, Baskett TF. Rudolph Matas and the development of intralaryngeal intubation and respiration in thoracic surgery. Resuscitation 2001; 51:221–4.

Hogan D, Murray TJ. Abraham Flexner and medical education at Dalhousie Medical School. Parts 1&2 Ann R Coll Phys 1988; 21:6&7

Howell CD. Critical issues in the history of Canadian science, technology and medicine. Can Hist Rev 1984; 65:608–9.

Howell CD, Smith M. Orthodox medicine and the health reform movement in the Maritimes, 1850–1885. Acadiensis 1989; 18:55–72.

Howell CD. Medical professionalization and the social transformation of the Maritimes, 1850–1950. J Can Studies 1992; 27:5–20.

Hyatt AMJ, Beckett A, McAlister VC. After the war is over: the role of General Sir Arthur Currie in the development of academic medicine in Canada. Can J Surg 2018; 61:367–9.

Istl AC, McAlister VC. Western University (No. 10 Canadian Stationary Hospital and No. 14 Canadian General Hospital): a study of medical volunteerism in the First World War. Can J Surg 2016; 59:371–3.

Istl AC, McAlister VC. Medical response to the declaration of the First World War: The case of Edwin Seaborn. J Med Biogr 2018; 26:234–42.

Langley GR. Medical education and health research innovator: Chester Bryant Stewart (1910–1999). J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2011; 14:22–53.

Langley GR, Langley JM. ‘A tense and courageous performance’:The role of the honourable Allan J. MacEachern in the creation, passage and implementation of legislation for medicare (Medical Care Act,1966, Bill C-227). J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2015; 18:12–18.

Macleod AJ. Mozart and renal disease in the Eighteenth Century — the role of the kidney in adaptation to genius. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:230–3.

MacLeod GE, Szuler IMJ. Medical missionaries of the early female medical graduates, 1894–1929. NS Med J 1990; 69:7–14.

Marble AE. A history of medicine in Nova Scotia, 1784–1854. Collections of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 1982; 73:73–102.

Marble AE. He usefully exercised the medical profession — The career of Michael Head in eighteenth century Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Historical Quarterly 1988; 8:40–56.

Marble AE. Epidemics and Mortality in Nova Scotia, 1749–1799. Nova Scotia Historical Quarterly 1988; 8:72–94.

Marble AE. Dr. John Gilpin. In: Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol 12. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1990.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 23 Marble AE. Dr. William Grigor. First president of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia. NS Med J 1991; 70:185–6.

Marble AE. Dr. William Johnston Almon; Dr. John William Cove; Dr. Edward Farrell. In: Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 13. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1994.

Marble AE. The 1846 catalogue of the Halifax Garrison Medical Library. Can Bull Med Hist 1995; 12:441–2.

Marble AE. Dr. William Mackay. In: Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 14. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1998.

Marble AE. To consummate that great desideratum — A General Hospital. J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 1999; 2:167–202.

Marble AE. The destruction of the efficiency of the hospital through jobbery and malfeasance — The Provincial and City Hospital dispute, 1885–1887. J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2003; 6:110–29.

Marble AE. Nova Scotia had the largest hospital in North America from 1716–1758. Established at Louisburg by the French. DoctorsNS Magazine February, 2014.

Marble AE. Garrison Medical Library established in Halifax in 1817. DoctorsNS Magazine May, 2014.

Marble AE. Halifax Naval Hospital Constructed in 1872. DoctorsNS Magazine August, 2014.

Marble AE. Physician condemned by colleagues in 1867. Removed from Medical Society for endorsing Mi’Kmaq smallpox cure. DoctorNS Magazine November, 2014.

Marble AE. Paper chase, the daybooks and ledgers of Dr. George Buckley return to Nova Scotia. DoctorsNS Magazine February, 2015.

Marble AE. A picture of the past. Found discarded on a dirty floor, a historic photograph provides a snapshot of Halifax’s medical history. DoctorsNS Magazine April, 2015.

Marble AE. Honouring a medical pioneer. Dr. John Stewart brought Dalhousie’s Faculty of Medicine to the international stage. DoctorsNS Magazine August, 2015.

Marble AE. Rehoming 100 years of medical history. The rescue and remediation of the Victoria General Hospital records. DoctorsNS Magazine October, 2015.

Marble AE. Reviving Dalhousie’s Faculty of Medicine. How Dr. David Fraser-Harris transformed Nova Scotia’s Medical School. DoctorsNS Magazine March, 2016.

Marble AE. A public health pioneer. How Dr. John W. Macdonald shaped public health in Nova Scotia. DoctorsNS Magazine June, 2016.

Marble AE. 200 years of the stethoscope. How René Laennec’s invention changed medicine. DoctorsNS Magazine September, 2016.

24 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Marble AE. Nova Scotia’s first female physician. The story of Dr. Maria Angwin.DoctorsNS Magazine December, 2016.

Marble AE. Now you see it. The arrival of radiology in Nova Scotia. DoctorsNS Magazine March, 2017.

Marble AE. Establishing medical outposts. How the Red Cross brought health care to rural Nova Scotia. DoctorsNS Magazine May, 2017.

Marble AE. A day in the life of Dr. George H. Cox. One physician, 1500 victims of the Halifax explosion. DoctorsNS Magazine November, 2017.

Marble AE. Two pioneers of cancer therapy. The years-long quest to bring radium to Nova Scotia. DoctorsNS Magazine March, 2018.

Marble AE. Halifax was plunged into gloom. Spanish influenza in Nova Scotia in 1918. DoctorsNS Magazine September, 2018.

Marble AE. The birth of maternity care in Nova Scotia. Bringing maternity hospitals to Halifax. DoctorsNS Magazine November, 2018.

McAlister V. Maimonides’s cooling period and organ retrieval. Can J Surg 2004; 47:8–9.

McAlister V. Sacred disease of our times: failure of the infectious disease model of spongiform encephalopathy. Clin Invest Med 2005; 28:101–4.

McAlister C, Twohig PL. The Check-Off: A precursor of medicare in Canada?Can Med Assoc J 2005; 173:1504–6.

McAlister VC. Clinical kidney transplantation: a 50th anniversary review of the first reported series.Am J Surg 2005; 190:485–8.

McAlister VC. Control of coagulation: a gift of Canadian agriculture. Clin Invest Med 2006; 29:373–7.

McAlister VC. William Harvey, Fabricus ab Acquapendente and the divide between medicine and surgery. Can J Surg 2007; 50:7–8.

McAlister VC. Origins of the Canadian school of surgery. Can J Surg 2007; 50:357–63.

McAlister C, Murray TJ, Lakosh H, Maxner CE. The Halifax Disaster (1917) eye injuries and their care. Br J Ophthal 2007; 91:832–35.

McAlister VC. Canadian contribution to the ACS. Can J Surg 2013; 56:45–8.

McAlister VC. Slow birth of new-wave medical journalism. Can J Surg 2013; 56:77.

McAlister VC Education through recreation. Can J Surg 2014; 57:76–7.

McAlister VC. No specialty alone: the Wilder Penfield strategy.Can J Surg 2014; 57:221

McAlister VC. Medical memorialization. Can J Surg 2015; 58:77–8.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 25 McAlister VC. Somewhere in France (9 April 17): a centenary review of medical arrangements at Vimy Ridge. Can J Surg 2017; 60:83–5.

McAlister VC. Harvey EJ. Continuing a long tradition: the Canadian Journal of Surgery at 60. Can J Surg 2017; 60:294–5.

McAlister VC. Dr. Louis Kristal at 100: witness to the evolution of surgery in Canada. Can J Surg 2017; 60:365–5.

McAlister CN, Marble AE, Murray TJ. The 1917 Halifax Explosion: the first coordinated local civilian medical response to disaster in Canada. Can J Surg 2017; 60:372–4.

Moeller JJ. From Edinburgh to Pictou, Nova Scotia: An early history of anaesthesia in the Maritime Provinces. Dal Med J 2002; 30:13–17.

Murray KR. Leprosy in Cape Breton (1852–1907). NS Med J 1989; 68:100–3.

Murray S, Murray TJ. The epilepsy of Dostoevsky. NS Med Bull 1980; 59:90–4.

Murray TJ. Dr. Samuel Johnson’s movement disorder. BMJ 1979; 1:1610–14.

Murray TJ. The neurology of Lewis Carroll and Alice. Can J Neurol Sci 1982:453–457.

Murray TJ. The medical history of Doctor Samuel Johnson. NS Med Bull 1982; 61:71–8.

Murray TJ. John Stewart’s case of sudden death. Can Med Assoc J 1985; 133:432–3.

Murray TJ. The visit of Abraham Flexner to Halifax Medical College. NS Med Bull 1985; 64:34–41.

Murray TJ. Beer as medicine. NS Med Bull 1986; 65:110–5.

Murray TJ. The medical references in ‘The Count of Monte Cristo’. NS Med Bull 1987; 66:85–92.

Murray TJ, Murray JK. The midnight ride of Dr. Samuel Prescott. NS Med Bull 1987; 66:185–8.

Murray TJ, Heberden E. Dr. Johnson and Dr. Heberden. NS Med Bull 1989; 68:59–64.

Murray TJ. The journal of a disappointed man: A patient’s perspective on multiple sclerosis, 1909–19. NS Med J 1992; 71:59–62.

Murray T, Gray J. Dr. James and Dr. Johnson. The New Rambler, J Johnson Soc Lond 1992/93 Issue p 3.

Murray TJ. The geological contributions of Dr. Abraham Gesner. J R Soc Med 1993; 86:43–4.

Murray TJ. The skull of Mozart. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:153–65.

Murray TJ. The history of therapy for MS. Multiple Sclerosis Clin Lab Res 1997; 3:205–6.

Murray TJ. Thomas Jefferson and medicine.J Med Biogr 1997; 5:146–57.

Murray TJ. The Saint, the King’s grandson, the poet and Victorian writer: instances of MS where the disease did not have a name. Int J Multiple Sclerosis 2001; 81:17–22.

26 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Murray TJ. Dr. Samuel Johnson: his ills, his pills and his physician friends. J R Coll Phys 2003; 3:368–72.

Murray TJ. Prelude to the framing of a disease: multiple sclerosis in the period before Charcot’s Leçons. Int J Multiple Sclerosis 2004; 11:79–85.

Murray TJ. Dr. Edmond Hector. In: New Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004; 26:221–2.

Murray TJ. The history of therapy for MS. 1960–2005. J Neural Transmission 2005; 112:7–8.

Murray TJ. Physicians as writers. Message from the President. The Oslerian 2006; 7:1–2.

Murray TJ. Osler’s braindusting. President’s message. The Oslerian 2006; 9:1

Murray TJ. Approaches to MS through time: antiquity to 1960. J Neural Transmission 2006; 113:8–9.

Murray TJ. Maude Abbott, Norman Bethune, Andrew MacPhail, Sir William Osler, Charles Huggins, Wilder Penfield, Sir Wilfred Grenfell, Hans Selye, Sir Frederick Banting, Hughlings Jackson, Sir William Gowers, James Parkinson; In: Bynum W (ed). Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; 2007.

Murray TJ. Faria’s disease. (Described by Alexandre Dumas, pere) Practical Neurol 2008; 8:183–5.

Murray TJ. The history of MS: the changing frame of the disease over the centuries. J Neurol Sci 2009; 277 [suppl]: 53–8.

Murray TJ. Read any good books lately? Sir William Osler’s bedside list of books for medical students. McGill Med J 2009; 12:90–1.

Murray TJ. Robert Carswell: first illustrator of multiple sclerosis.Int J MS 2009; 16:98–101.

Murray TJ, Bray G, Freedman M, Stossl SJ. Neurology in Canada: History of the Canadian Neurological Society. Neurology 2013; 80:406–8.

Murray TJ. St. Luke: the most widely read physician; Peter Mark Roget and his thesaurus; Abraham Gesner: father of the petroleum industry. In: Cooper DK (ed). Doctors of Another Calling: Physicians who are Best Known in Fields Other Than Medicine. Newark: University of Delaware Press; 2014. pp 1–8, 105–14, 125–34.

Murray TJ. Serving two masters: the medical and political careers of Sir Charles Tupper. Can Med Assoc J 2017; 189:866–8.

Murray TJ Typhoid spine; Robert Burton; Sir Charles Tupper; Pictou County Cattle disease. In: Bryan C(ed). Encyclopedia Osleriana 2018.

Panel D, Brisebois R, Talbot M, Trottier V, Clement J, Garraqay N, McAlister V, Tien HC. Causes of death in Canadian Forces members deployed to Afghanistan and implications on tactical combat care provision. J Trauma 2011; 71:Suppl 401–7.

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 27 Quinonez G, Geldenhuys L. Notes on the history of the Canadian Association of Pathologists. Can J Path 2012; 4:18–21.

Robinson SC, Baskett TF. History of the Atlantic Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2002; 24:641–3.

Shephard DA, Baskett TF. John Snow and resuscitation. Resuscitation 2001; 49:3–7.

Stewart CB. Banting and insulin: a personal appraisal of the Bliss books. NS Med Bull 1986; 65:39–45.

Stewart CB. The role of the Flexner brothers in medical education. NS Med Bull 1987; 66:121–7.

Stewart L. ‘Res, veluti per machinas, conficiatur’: Natural History in Francis Bacon’s Reform of Natural Philosophy. Early Science and Medicine 2012; 17:87–111.

Sutherland DA. Diphtheria and the doctors: the Halifax epidemic of 1890–91. J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2012; 15:44–60.

Sutherland DA. Ordinary people in extraordinary times: Minnie and Stewart Ross confront the aftermath of the Halifax explosion. J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2018; 21:19–31.

Talbot M, Meunier B, Trottier V, Christian M, Hillier T, Berger C, McAlister V, Taylor S. 1 Canadian Field Hospital in Haiti: surgical experience in earthquake relief. Can J Surg 2012; 55:271–4.

Twohig PL. Colonial care: medical attendance among the Mi’kmaq in Nova Scotia. Can Bull Med Hist 1996; 13:333–53.

Twohig PL. “Local Girls” and “Lab Boys”: gender, skill and medical laboratories in Nova Scotia in the 1920s and 1930s. Acadiensis 2001; 31:55–75.

Twohig P. The Rockefellers, the Cape Breton Island Public Health and Public Health in Nova Scotia. J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2002; 5:122–33.

Twohig PL. Recent writing on health care history in Canada. Scientia Canadensis 2002; 26:7–28.

Twohig PL. Education, expertise, experience and the making of hospital workers in Canada, 1920–1960. Scientia Canadensis 2006; 30:131–153.

Twohig PL. The “Celebrated Indian Herb Doctor”: Francis Tumblety in Saint John, 1860. Acadiensis 2010; 39:70–88.

Twohig PL. “An immediate solution to our nurse shortage”: The reorganization of nursing work in Nova Scotia, 1940–1970. J Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 2011: 14:138–9.

Twohig PL. “Are They Getting Out of Control?” The renegotiation of nursing practice in the Maritimes, 1950–1970. Acadiensis 2015; 44:91–111.

Twohig PL. The second “Great Transformation”: renegotiating nursing practice in Ontario, 1945–70. Can His Rev 2018; 99:169–195.

28 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 Ullah SM, Grant RC, Johnson M, McAlister VC. Scarpa’s fascia and clinical signs: the role of the membranous superficial fascia in the eponymous clinical signs of retroperitoneal catastrophe.Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013; 95:519–22.

Welch JP. A consideration of the inheritance of musical talent on the occasion of the Mozart Bicentenary. Dalhousie Review 1993; 73:153–65.

Wilkie A. Medical empowerment: the making of a MicMac shaman. NS Med J 1992; 71:106–9.

Wong M. Competence and compassion: a history of the Halifax Infirmary.Dalhousie Med J 2017; 44:15–21. MEETINGS: SPEAKERS AND TOPICS 1981–2020

1981–1982

Details of the first year’s meetings are not available, but included the following:

EC Abbott Ailments of classical music composers SF Bedwell The mysterious death of Duc D’Anville AE Marble The history of medicine in Nova Scotia TJ Murray Dr. Samuel Johnson’s compulsive twitching

1982–1983

R Martin The history of cholera AE Marble Medical and surgical treatment in Nova Scotia in the late 18th and 19th centuries TJ Murray Thomas Jefferson’s headaches CD Howell Elite doctors and the developments of scientific medicine: The medical profession in 19th century Maritimes EC Abbott Robert Baldwin IA Cameron Quarantine station on Lawlor’s Island JAR Tibbles Sherlock Holmes and medicine AH Leighton The meeting of Dr. Pineal and the Reverend Mr. Malthus in early Halifax CB Stewart The gestation of the Medical Research Council RC Dickson Military medicine RO Jones Legal concepts of insanity EC Abbott The blind musician KA Aterman The grave of Thomas Hodgkin

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 29 1983–1984

AE Marble Some observations of the influence of loyalist physicians and surgeons on medicine in Nova Scotia J Farley Outline of Dalhousie course given in the history of medicine R Martin Impact of cholera on western society RO Jones Medicare extra billing — Regina to Ottawa P Erickson Yellow fever in Halifax EC Abbott Fallacies in the history of medicine TJ Murray Chaucer’s physician AH Leighton Hiroshima RO Jones Psychiatry and medicine IA Cameron Role of Sir Charles Tupper in the cholera epidemic of 1866 TJ Murray Neurological reference in the writings of Alexandre Dumas, pere

1984–1985

AH Leighton Medical experiments in a concentration camp where American and Japanese were interred KA Aterman Ancient and modern China from a medical point of view TJ Murray The midnight ride of Dr. Samuel Prescott J Farley The medical history and impact of schistosomiasis IA Cameron Dr. Charles Gossip and the cholera epidemic of 1871 R Martin The Broad Street pump — then and now AH Leighton Founding of London School of Tropical Medicine AH Leighton Impressions from Viet Nam AE Marble The public’s perception of medicine and surgery in 18th and 19th century Nova Scotia as obtained by reading provincial newspapers of the period EC Abbott An update on Mozart and his medical illnesses

1985–1986

SF Bedwell Ginger Jake TJ Murray Beer as medicine R Martin The plague R Miller The history of hair styles — a dermatological perspective R MacDonald An Osler vignette AE Marble Hospitals in Halifax up to the year 1850 AJ MacLeod History of dialysis

30 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 1986–1987

M Elwood The recreation of the doctor’s office in Sherbrooke village D Hogan Osler on aging PB Waite Sir John Thompson’s medical problems E Haigh Xavier Bichat HC Still Dr. John Keats; poet/physician J Curtis Vincent van Gogh — did he have a dissociative disease TJ Murray The neurological illness of Lord Nelson CB Stewart The Flexner brothers T Ghose Charak and Ayurveda; the indigenous medicine of the Indo-Gangetic Plain IA Cameron The history of the hospital ship, HMS Pyramus

1987–1988

B Hinds Lady (Fanny) Wentworth HC Still Sex manual advice over the centuries — a brief historical perspective E Winsor Medical genetics in the Maritimes R Miller Tattoos F Chandler Mic Mac herbal remedies TS Cameron Rational treatments in Anglo Saxon medicine circa 900–950 King Alfred E Haigh Science and the medical student in 19th century England TJ Murray The unusual patient-doctor relationship of Samuel Johnson and Dr. Heberden SF Bedwell Duc D’Anville: a medical history AE Marble Poor relief vs health care, Halifax 1763–1775 RM MacDonald The Royal Medical Society, 1737–1987; 250 years in the life of the Edinburgh Medical Society IA Cameron Halifax: the smallpox outbreak of 1938

1988–1989

KR Murray Leprosy — a case history from Inverness County G Thomas Sleigh to satellite D Hogan The effects of the Flexner Report on Dalhousie Medical School AE Marble Epidemics and mortality in 19th century Nova Scotia HS Morton Britain’s first medical school C Losier A history of the leprosy hospital in New Brunswick A Nurse The development of institutionalized care of the deaf and dumb in mid-Victorian Halifax AH Leighton Internment of the Japanese in America — a study in resilience E Haigh The medical career of Abraham Gesner CB Stewart The stormy history of BCG vaccination J Duffin Laennec

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 31 1989–1990

S Murray The case of the missing deans at Dalhousie University & TJ Murray J Farley Bugs and disease AH Leighton The mystery of Jerome J Wright The history of biopsy in surgical diagnosis L Steeves A pre-medical Mr. Chips! (Roy Fraser’s impact on the attitudes and skills of his pre-medical students) IA Cameron Robert Burns and his medical treatment DL Roy An afternoon with Aesculapius A Trillo The oldest hospital on the American continent (Hospital de Jesus) M Elwood The repatriation of Dr. John Stewart’s surgical instruments M Elwood A country doctor in Nova Scotia, circa 1890 K Scott Astrology and medicine HS Morton The rescue ships & JR Moore

1990–1991

A Brandt Warning, the surgeon general has determined: the cigarette, risk and medical science R Martin A history of bubonic plague — third pandemic 1894 J Jenkins Dr. John Falt R Gill Against the odds I Szuler Dalhousie female medical missionaries: 1894–1929 EJ MacLeod The lives and careers of the female graduates at Dalhousie: 1894–1929 TJ Murray The infusion pump: a Dalhousie invention SF Bedwell George Gershwin AE Marble The first doctor in the Canadian senate TJ Murray Medical report on the Halifax explosion — rediscovered HC Still Sir William Gull — consulting physician — Jack the Ripper? KA Aterman Dwarfs — an essay in mythical pathology R Mathieson The boat people or over the sea from Skye AS MacDonald The history of transplantation

1991–1992

J Wright A case in pathology O McInerney A brief history of the No. 9 stationary hospital (St. Xavier University, 1916–1920) R Weil Paracelsus: alchemist/physician/healer L Steeves The “Pre history” of the department of medicine

32 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 DL Roy Circulation before Harvey D Murphy Chance in cardiac surgery N Sharifi Portraits of physicians through western art N Abraham Dalhousie remembered: an oral history OA Hayne Medical sleuthing J Farley Eradicating malaria in Italy: the mosquito-killing Rockefellers PB Waite John A. MacDonald and his medical problems AE Marble The original seven: the faculty of medicine at Dalhousie in 1868 HE Bednarski The doctor in fiction: the work of Jacques Ferron IA Cameron The Doukhobors: quarantined on Lawlor’s Island SC Robinson The Doukhobors in British Columbia

1992–1993

R Martin The work of Dr. John Snow: the father of modern epidemiology CB Stewart The origin and development of Canadian Medicare S Zurbrigg Hunger and epidemic malaria in colonial Punjab R Bodman Video — the life and times of Enid Johnson (MacLeod), MD, LLD (interviewed by Dr. Charles Hope) and, the life of Dr. Harold Griffith and his contribution to modern anaesthesia N Abraham The first forty-eight hours after the Halifax explosion TF Baskett Thomas Cullen and the umbilical black eye J Fletcher The history of the Harvey Community Hospital L Yorke Maria L Angwin, Nova Scotia’s first registered physician TJ Murray Frida Kahlo: her illness in her art J McNulty An historical perspective on the medical use of hyperbaric oxygen

1993–1994

IA Cameron The Gross Clinic and the Agnew Clinic: advances in surgery seen through Thomas Eakin’s paintings R Mathieson Over the sea from Skye, part II TF Baskett In search of William Smellie: man-midwife extraordinaire J Farley The medical horrors of a Victorian bachelor S Murray On Milton’s blindness J Murray The medical education of Sir Charles Tupper TJ Murray Dr. John Stewart and Lord Lister AH Leighton Navaho healing B Ross The history of psoriasis P Chiasson The history of paediatric surgery R Martin The work of Emil von Behring: the children’s friend

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 33 A Rideout The history of MS N MacNeil Tuberculosis and the sanatorium movement in NS P Dauphinee Ethics in film P Green Unethical means to obtain scientific information by unethical experiments on human beings

1994–1995

KA Aterman Aschoff, Tawara and Purkinje O McInerney Dr. Murray and the ice boats KR Murray The history of medicine in Northern Victoria County M MacMillan Dr. CL: the man and his book JTH Connor Sir Luke Fields: The Doctor (1891); the life and times of a medical painting AE Marble The wisdom of the enlightened inhabitants of the province in affording an asylum to quacks (1818) S B Clark Heads, nerves and Newton: the problem of mind in English literature and medicine 1790–1830 TJ Murray The relationship between Sir William Osler and Sir Charles Tupper M. Shaw Nicholas C Paulesco wishes to speak to the assembled group about his part in the discovery of insulin S Murray Milton’s blindness: a follow-up study SC Robinson Why would the Aga Khan found a medical school? G Saunders Doctor Olds of Twillingate

1995–1996

RJF Baskett Of birth, bombs, bugs and booze TF Baskett John Keats: poet, apothecary and would-be surgeon JTH Connor Homeopathy: then and now O McInerney Dr. Charles Gossip and the PMB & IA Cameron PL Twohig Infinite nuisances: medical practitioners among the MicMac (1845–1866) EC Abbott John Keats: the indignity of dying HC Still John Keats: Guys Hospital M MacMillan Dr. CL; the man and his book, part II R Martin Dr. Crapper: the toilet and public health J McNulty Paul Bert (1833–1886): Medecin extraordinaire HE Bednarski The patient in fiction: the work of Jacques Ferron P Chiasson Pediatric surgery in the post- World War II era: Politics, politics, politics! M Korn Maimonides M Shaw Dr. JJR MacLeod and the discovery of insulin

34 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 1996–1997

B Kent A brief history of the opposition to human dissection S Doig The social construction of contemporary women’s sports medicine: the female athlete triad KA Aterman Tapes on Beethoven and Mozart R Aterman Jane Austen: A picture of health DL Roy A case (1789–1792) of Dr. William Almon’s of Halifax: the first use of digitalis in Canada SC Robinson Peter Henderson Bryce and the story of a national crime J Lewis The Halifax flu epidemic, 1917–1918 I Mendez Santiago Ramon y Cajal: Scientist, artist and educator AE Marble A port of disease and pestilence: Halifax 1827–1834 H MacDonald Separating myth from reality: Dorothea Dix, Hugh Bell and the origins of the Nova Scotia Hospital TJ Murray Dr. Walter Cheadle — the first trans Canadian tourist M Shaw Dr. Frederick Banting wishes to speak to the assembled group about his part in the discovery of insulin S Kottek Pestilence in the Bible and the Talmud

1997–1998

TJ Murray The medical knowledge of Thomas Jefferson TF Baskett Inhalation analgesia in childbirth: the legacy of James Young Simpson D van Velzen Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: A continuing mystery T Ghose Oswald Avery, a father of modern genetics: forgotten Haligonian J Farley The golden anniversary: who was Brock Chisholm? PL Twohig An analysis of early health related laboratories in Halifax, 1895–1930 D Andrews The history of corneal transplantation IA Cameron And they trusted us: Dr. DK Murray (An interview) J Ruedy Mercury poisoning in the native population of Northern Quebec S Barry In the waiting room: Elizabeth Bishop’s history of medicine V Lendel The life of Rasputin I Mendez Medical practices in Inca times

1998–1999

M Bliss The shirt of Nessus: the trials and delights of doing an Osler biography (TJ Murray Visiting Scholar) M Whitelaw Lord Dalhousie IA Cameron Lord Dalhousie’s illness

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 35 M Cross Robert Baldwin, illness and his career AE Marble The impact of alternative medicine on NS medical therapy in the early 19th century TJ Murray The saint, the king’s grandson and the poet: the history of MS J Salah Mid 20th century medicine in Victoria Co, Cape Breton J Ruedy Aids and the St. Paul’s experience J Farley Damn yanks, the first WHO confrontation J D Gray The origins of CME at Dalhousie T Williams The DMAA medical history walking tour HE Bednarski Fictional patients in the work of Jacques Ferron J McNulty A clinical commentary on the cause of the plague of Athens GR Hamilton From mandrake to morphine: the development of post-operative pain relief I Mendez The joy of effort: the story of R Tait McKenzie, physician sculptor

1999–2000

JP Welch The life, time’s and genetic outcome of Edward, Duke of Kent (1767–1820) DR Howell Unclean! A social history of leprosy S Myers Victoria Cross winner Surgeon V McMaster A Irwin Leaded gas: the advantages, the disadvantages S Workman Futility past and present VC McAlister The history of blood transfusion RN Anderson Lessons from the Asclepions J Farley Brock Chisholm and the Catholics T Ghose The doctor across the poppy fields VC McAlister The history of xenotransplantation HE Bednarski Obstetrical issues in the writings of Jacques Ferron K Ramsey Oliver W Holmes: critique of Cotton Mather I Mendez In the land of the Lallawaya: a personal experience J McNulty Medical standards in 1880 for the selection of divers JB Young The history of solid organ transplantation: paradigm for medical progress

2000–2001

TJ Murray The pain of Frida Kahlo AE Marble Nova Scotia physician salaries in the 18th and 19th centuries TF Baskett Ergot: the noxious pustule of rye JP Welch History of the Edinburgh Medical School B Hinds The bog bodies R Aterman The medical history of Jane Austen J Wright The history of fish insulin J Farley Brock Chisholm: the last 100 days

36 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 J McNulty Scientific method in medical research: historical myths and misconceptions BJ Grogono Overcoming barriers for the handicapped: Don Curren’s contribution S Myers The health and social implications of married life in the Halifax Citadel barracks during the 1850’s S MacDonald The history of cancer care in Nova Scotia SC Robinson Japanese Canadians internment camps in British Columbia DA Shephard Medicine in the 19th century Prince Edward Island: the case books of Dr. John Mackieson

2001–2002

L Geldenhuys The history of cytopathology TJ Murray What’s another word for thesaurus? The retirement project of Dr. Roget J Farley Halifax in World War II: the diphtheria capitol of Canada HE Bednarski On the trail of the English doctor in Jacques Ferron’s Little Women: some incursions into the history of medicine M Bowes Beethoven’s deafness M Elwood The doctor’s servant DA Shephard The lady constable affair, Charlottetown, 1847: typhus and physicians, politicians and the public PL Twohig The controversial case of Miss Gillis of Montreal V Cardy The medical service of the Confederacy’s use of alternative drugs N MacDonald The history of STD’s L Roy Socrates death TF Baskett Ephraim McDowell — ovariotomist extraordinaire L MacLean Liebig’s animal chemistry

2002–2003

J Duffin Baring the sole; the rise and fall of the shoe-fitting fluoroscope (TJ Murray Visiting Scholar) AE Marble The Halifax Hospital dispute: 1885–1887 PL Twohig Occupational therapy in interwar North America: the early career of Mary E. Black B Ross Pharmacists home medicine kit J Farley The World War II vaccine that went horribly wrong TJ Murray The influence of the Scots on Canadian medical education PB Waite The medical history of a bachelor prime minister, RB Bennett, 1870–1947 RN Anderson The golden age of cardiology JD Gray The history of the Dalhousie refresher course BJ Grogono The miller’s tale

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 37 J Moeller From Edinburgh to Pictou, Nova Scotia: an early history of anaesthesia in the Maritime Provinces F Gregor Promoting conditions most favorable to nature’s efforts to effect a cure: St. John Ambulance and instruction in home nursing T Gillespie A weaver’s tale S Kerslake Readings

2003–2004

TJ Murray The history of marijuana as medicine M Guiderson The evolution of medical illustration: the legacy of Max Brodel L Geldenhuys Alexander Meisels and the koilocyte L Hazelton Signs of character: the legacy of phrenology J Farley The yellow fever saga: a wrong cause, a wrong vaccine T Casey Third world medicine C McAlister The check-off R MacFarlane The shifting spleen: an exploration of the evolving medical and social thought of early modern England as illustrated by the spleen B Grogono Sam MacLaughlin: The Lord Nuffield of Canada TF Baskett An Arctic tale: obstetrics and the law at 40 below I Maclean AZT patent S Giles Missionaries, mercenaries and misfits: 128 years of physicians in a subarctic village

2004–2005

AE Marble The history of rural hospitals in Nova Scotia IA Cameron The nasty death of the Duke of Richmond TJ Murray The gold headed cane T Ghose From fermenting maple syrup to eating bacteria: such a long journey T Ruggles Dr. Charles Cogswell’s medical library (1864): a virtual tour L Geldenhuys Synesthesia J Farley Problems at WHO: TB and the BCG controversy J Rutherford Post war developments in Nova Scotia psychiatry: people, policies and projects & J Fingard TF Baskett Edward Rigby of Norwich and his essay on obstetric haemorrhage TJ Murray Samuel Johnson: his ills, his pills and his physician friends RD Stewart Bombs, bullets and blighties: the blood battles of World War 1 D Kiceniuk Changes in the medical curriculum: Dalhousie University 1947–1967 B Hinds Women before the law

38 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 2005–2006

SF Bedwell Morale builders in WW II: the story of Lily Marlene I Dowbiggin When psychiatry was king: Brock Chisholm and quest for mental health in the Cold War J Farley My last words: Brock Chisholm E Gonnella A cut above the others: the castrati AE Marble Edward Archibald: father of Canadian thoracic surgery I MacLean Instances where erroneous theories led to useful results BJ Grogono Chimney sweeps VC McAlister George Russell Dartnell B McCormick George III R Maclennan Dr. John Stewart TJ Murray Images of illness in stained glass windows J Murray Lady Aberdeen and the VON C Sutherland Doctors and prostitutes in Victorian England

2006–2007

IA Cameron Dr. Montizambert and the S.S. Montezuma: typhoid and the Boer War AE Marble Economic and human factors which delayed the establishment of Colchester County Hospital T Ghose Interludes before Flanders Fields W McCormick 75 years of caring for the mentally ill J MacManus Madness in ancient Greek literature IA Cameron Jerome, the legless man of Nova Scotia: bilateral thigh amputations and idiocy TJ Murray The medical career of John Wesley C Jamieson Finding the light: looking into orifices and cavities PB Waite A divided self: Mackenzie King’s secret diaries. 1893–1950 A Day Crash! The history of automotive safety technology J Farley German to Cairo (1862 and 1962), A medical horror story S Mullally Unpacking Dr. C.L. MacMillan’s black bag: taking the history of rural Cape Breton practice 1920s–1970s I Beck From past to the future of gastroenterology. The ethical price of progress, the history of heroes and scoundrels I MacLean Historical aspects of II PKU laboratory procedures

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 39 2007 –2008

TJ Murray The medical art of Thomas Eakins D Maxwell Internal mammary artery ligation and sham operations DL Roy Alexander the Great’s death; poison booze or what? A Day History of materials in medicine J Farley It was all politics, anyway; a final look at Chisholm and the WHO T Ghose Medicine in the time of the Pharaohs TJ Murray Dr. Samuel Johnson’s: knowledge of the brain in the 18th century BJ Grogono Medical equipment used by the Webster doctors of Yarmouth from the 19th and 20th centuries IA Cameron Biographical details of the Webster doctors of Yarmouth from the 19th and 20th centuries CN McAlister Dr. Edward Farrell-Dalhousie’s first professor of surgery VC McAlister The lost art of Fabricius ab Aquapendente. K Mukhida Wilder Penfield and the development of his neurosurgical techniques for epilepsy B Hinds Oscar Wilde

2008–2009

TF Baskett Scottish anodynes AE Marble Halifax and the Spanish flu epidemic 1918–1919 KS Joseph Publication, validation and contribution to science J Gratwick Belsen, typhus and the liberation of a concentration camp & IA Cameron GR Langley Medical ethics: past, present & future TJ Murray The life and times of Dr. John Watson, companion to Mr. Sherlock Holmes S Murray The heroism of Dr. Janusz Korczak, pediatrician and writer in the Warsaw ghetto IA Cameron Dr. Osler and the Pictou County cattle disease J Fitz-Clarke Sand hogs, chariots, and pearl divers: A history of the bends KR Murray Dr. Kenneth MacKenzie — pioneer cardiologist, educator, medical historian PL Twohig Jack the Ripper’s Maritime connection? On crime and quackery in the Atlantic world, 1850–1903 J Murray Wise women: their place in the history of medicine H Burton The Canadian blood trinity: Canada’s contribution to blood transfusion in World War II

40 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 2009–2010

TJ Murray Dr. Samuel Johnson, his ills, his pills and his medical friends M Elwood Lord Dalhousie C Chambers Pain in children: An historical perspective VC McAlister Four centuries of military surgery in Canada MW Gray Charles Darwin: uncommon medical school dropout D Leddin George Sylvester’s war: faithful choices DA Gillis The Halifax explosion and the emergence of pediatric surgery as a new specialty S Kimber Wooing Dorothy: the making of the new children’s hospital N Delva Reflections on the Nova Scotia Hospital artifact collection J Fingard Deinstitutionalization and Nova Scotia’s mental health policy & J Rutherford IA Cameron Dr. Charles Webster, a home delivery in 1892 AE Marble The history of open-heart surgery A Geddes Maritime Medial News J Murray The Sisters of Charity of Halifax

2010–2011

AE Marble The care of the insane in Nova Scotia TJ Murray Dr. Lewis Yealland and shell shock: demon or healer? S Cameron The medical response to the eruption of New Zealand’s Mt Tarawara; a lesson in cultural sensitivity T Peckmann Who are you? The history of forensic facial reconstruction KR Murray A story of two nurses: Ellen Murray- Boston midwife; Catherine Murray — WW2 nursing sister D Howe The fasting girl of Lletherneuadd RD Stewart The wonderful woman in her flying machine: the first flying ambulance GR Langley The centennial of Dr. Chester Bryant Stewart 1910–1999: His contributions and role in medical education and research AE Marble The pursuit of that great desideratum — a general hospital IA Cameron Dr. William Osler: mistakes in medicine D Foster Treatment of the insane in Victorian Nova Scotia hospitals HE Bednarski Dr. Jacques Ferron and the history of medicine J Blacklaws Stampeding people: Just push the panic bar R Parker Fostering medical professionalism by connecting Maritime doctors: Maritime Medical News, 1888–1910 RD Stewart Emergency! The influence of television on the creation of a new medical specialty

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 41 2011–2012

TJ Murray Medical quotations; why physicians like quoting Hippocrates, Osler and Woody Allen AE Marble John Stewart — surgical assistant to Joseph Lister DA Sutherland Diphtheria and the doctors: the Halifax experience of 1890–91 E Kinley The evolution of cardiopulmonary bypass in Nova Scotia L Hazelton Treatment of combat fatigue in USA Airforce flyers in WWII IA Cameron Sir William Osler and wonderment T Ruggles Lost souls, merchant ships and small pox: the digital collections of the Dalhousie libraries in the domain of the history of medicine PL Twohig Medicine and the Irish in 19th century Halifax S Darvesh Ravel’s last illness P Elwood The history of Aspirin and its role in cardiovascular disease and cancer P Elwood The Caerphilly Study: the history of a population health study over three decades in Wales S Murray Bawd, quack, poisoner, devil: The notorious London physician, Simon Forman TJ Murray Sir William Osler and the greatest medical treatise by a layman

2012–2013

R del Maestro Leonardo da Vinci and the search for the soul (AMS-Pope lecturer) P Belitsky The history of transplantation in Nova Scotia T Boran 100 years of Dalhousie dentistry: the road to Gies R Brownstone James Clark Maxwell, Homo Universalis? TJ Murray The art of Robert Pope and the first two decades of a foundation J Fingard The Abbie Lane Hospital in transition, 1971–1982 & J Rutherford PL Twohig Nursing assistants and the reorganization of hospital work T Stretton The rise of the medical profession in Tudor England M Marshall Wartime penicillin: from secret war weapon to widely publicized beacon of hope L Bennett Rhetoric and medicine in 17th century England D Conlin The journals of assistant surgeon McClements & A Aulenbeck AE Marble Louis Pasteur, the consummate scientist: founder of bacteriology and microbiology M McCara Dispensing knowledge — the history of the College of Pharmacy S Cameron Taking the cure: Dr. Arthur Wohlmann and the Rotorua Health Spa

42 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 2013–2014

JTH Connor A tale of several Scottish cities: Joseph Lister, surgical knowledge transfer and Victorian Canada (AMS-Pope lecturer ) M Fiander Arrested development: The story of the first experiments in blood transfusion and the ensuing 150 year illegalization D Stephanian Edward Jenner and the discovery of vaccination D Deska-Gautier Breaking the chains of the mad house: humane treatment of the insane C McClelland The role of spirituality in health care B Shettar A chance encounter with a prepared mind: the chemist meets the surgeon Lister TJ Murray Medicine in the art of William Hogarth AE Marble How diseases thwarted the invasions of Halifax and Louisburg in the 18th century

2014–2015

RD Stewart Fallen soldier — 1917: revisiting the death of Revere Osler would he survive in 2017? & S Vuong T Ghose Did William Harvey discover the circulation of human blood? TJ Murray The failing health of Robert Schumann T Burge Bluenose effrontery: Dr, William Johnson Almon and the Chesapeake affair, 1863–1864 N Carrey Emile Zola’s germinal and 19th century French degeneracy theory; reciprocal influences? AE Marble Dysentery and smallpox in the Halifax Poor Asylum Hospital in the war of 1812 JK Crellin 20th century picture postcards: to what extent have they affirmed and shaped public attitudes toward physicians? (AMS-Pope lecturer) TJ Murray Shot at dawn: shell shock in WWI IA Cameron Dr. L.D. Densmore, Sherbrooke’s doctor and WWI DA Sutherland Martha Manter and the Halifax Relief Commission: a case study of trauma treatment AE Marble The response of governments in Nova Scotia to epidemics of infectious diseases in the 19th and early 20th centuries TJ Murray Osler’s bedside reading list & J Blacklaws B MacDonald History of the Children’s Aid Society T Fedak Reflecting on images in medical education, clinical symposia and Frank Netter AE Marble Dr. John William McDonald, a pioneer in the public health movement in Nova Scotia JM Langley Tense and courageous performance: the role of The Honourable Allan J. MacEachern in the creation and passage of Bill C-227, the Medical Care Act (Medicare), 1966 TJ Murray Eye injuries in the Halifax Explosion: recently discovered artifacts D Leddin From trench to bedside: WWI and blood transfusion

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 43 2015–2016

WB Fye The origins and evolution of the Mayo Clinic from 1864–1939: A Minnesota family practice becomes an international medical mecca (AMS-Pope lecturer) TJ Murray The 150th anniversary of Alice in Wonderland: A medical assessment of Lewis Carroll’s writing J Blacklaws Pot called the kettle black: Harry Stack Sullivan and his psychiatry from the closet D Leddin The Dalhousie #7 Stationary Hospital in WWI: the 100th anniversary J Kirk Understanding the Cuban approach to public healthcare M MacGillivary The plague of Athens: a modern assessment JSA Song Sanitation, sins and scapegoats: How religion both protected and harmed Jewish Europeans during the Black Death L Hazelton The history of the Dalhousie Osler Club & E Hazelton AE Marble Dr. David Fraser-Harris: the influence of a renaissance man on the rebirth of the Dalhousie Medical School DA Sutherland Doctors in judgement: decision-making by the medical board of the Halifax Relief Commission, 1918 J Kirk From earthquakes to Ebola: 55 years of Cuban medical internationalism AE Marble The evolution of electrotherapy and its introduction into Nova Scotia in the 19th century TF Baskett Frank Pantridge and the origins of pre-hospital coronary care TJ Murray Artists who painted their illness

2016–2017

M Bliss Sour grapes & suicide: New light on the discovery of insulin (AMS-Pope lecturer) AE Marble The medical history of Lunenburg County 1753–1953 IACameron A photo, a diagnosis, a death & LC Surrette A Rostis The organization of disaster: Humanitarianism, the Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders TF Baskett The Pill and the Pope C MacDonald The finest kind of leader with almost continuous bad health; the career of Premier Gordon Harrington J Fingard Women in the emerging mental health professions in Nova Scotia in the first half of the 20th century PL Twohig The history of occupational health and safety A Adams The history of hospital architecture D Leddin Lord Beaverbrook and the Canadian War Art Program: medical images from home and the front J Finley The history of the stethoscope and cardiac auscultation

44 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 2017–2018

AE Marble The scene of a triumph of surgery, the response of Nova Scotia doctors to the Halifax Explosion M MacCara Role of pharmacists in the Halifax Explosion IA Cameron Meaningful hope in medicine K Keddy Amputations and the Halifax Explosion B Beed Remembering the Halifax Explosion, the Beed family, 53 Gerrish Street DA Sutherland Physician-politician: Dr. A.C. Hawkins’ involvement with the Halifax relief commission during 1918 TJ Murray The medical report of the Halifax Explosion BK Mukhida The influence of war on advances in anaesthesia AE Marble Medical history of Pictou County J Moran Trials of madness: The role of civil law in the response to mental illness (Dalhousie/UPEI exchange speaker) TF Baskett Caesarean delivery on maternal request T Lyle The history of surgical needles and syringes S McKellar Artificial hearts: a controversial medical technology and its sensational patient cases from Barney Clark to Dick Cheney (AMS-Pope lecturer)

2018–2019

TJ Murray The mystery of sleeping sickness during the 1918 influenza epidemic J Murray The 1918 influenza in literature M Humphries The last plague: Spanish influenza and the politics of health in Canada (AMS-Pope lecturer) AE Marble The impact of the Spanish influenza on Nova Scotia M Wong History of the Halifax Infirmary M Sadler The general and the neurosurgeon: the relationship of General Currie and Wilder Penfield KR Murray Annie Maxwell Fulton, Nova Scotia’s first female MD M Shaw The guinea pig club L & E Hazelton Psychoplasm and mental ratios; whatever happened to ESP? IA Cameron Architecture and health: The TB sanitorium to the passive house for hospice care & LC Surette I MacLean The history and development of pH as a measurement method of acids and bases TF Baskett William John Little and cerebral palsy P Croskerry An historical review of clinical decision making VC McAlister General Guy Carleton Jones MD PL Twohig Girls in blue and unscrubbed assistants: Renegotiating hospital labour in 20th century Canada

Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 | 45 2019–2020

S Murray Shakespeare and the four humours TJ Murray Medical murder: an early forensic trial of a Dalhousie drop-out L Chilton Death on the Miramichi: community responses to sick immigrants in mid–19th century New Brunswick (AMS-Pope lecturer) S Mullally Doctors in a strange land: physician immigration during the Medicare era (Dalhousie/UPEI exchange speaker) TF Baskett Frances Kelsey and the thalidomide tragedy J Archibald Genomics: past, present and future I MacLean Two footnotes on the early work on pH L Geldenhuys Samuel Clossy’s observations: an unrecognized contribution to the origin of Anatomical Pathology M Wong History of the Victoria General Hospital DA Sutherland Gadfly versus curmudgeon: Drs. HB Atlee and WD Forrest debate public health policy in Halifax during the 1930s S Lamb Bicultural medicine: University of Ottawa’s aims and aspirations for its new medical school, 1945–1965 (AMS-Pope lecturer) M Sadler Gordon Holmes and his contributions to neurology from observations during the First World War J Gajewski History of urology in Canada with reference to Nova Scotia

46 | Dalhousie Society for the History of Medicine 1981–2020 dal.ca/medicine