UNESCO BIOSPHERE RESERVE ALPS AND JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Nomination form - September 2014

PROVINCIA AUTONOMA DI UNIONE EUROPEA

COMUNE DI LEDRO ALPS 2 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda UNESCO BIOSPHERE RESERVE LEDRO ALPS AND JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Nomination form September 2014

UNESCO - Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme Biosphere reserve nomination form, September 2014

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 3 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 4 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda “Under the shade of the picturesque old covered bridge which crosses the stream, we halted for a few minutes to admire a view almost unique in my alpine experience. Close beside us stood the castle of , perched high on a crag, commanding on one side the entrance of the gorge, overlooking on the other a wide sunny basin, girt by verdant ridges compared to which the shores of Como are bare and brown. The hollows and lower slopes sparkle with villages, and teem with Indian corn and trailing vines. The hills do not, as in the Northern Alps, rise in continuous ridges, but are broken up into masses of the most romantically beautiful forms”.

Italian Alps; Longmans, Green and CO. 1875

Lake Ampola

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 5 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda WORKING GROUP

General coordination: Claudio Ferrari (PAT – Sustainable Developement and

Texts: Maurizio Odasso - Luca Bronzini - Federica Gironi (PAN Studio

Review and editorial coordination: !M#$%

Contributions to the drafting from: &$'% %&)!! *&&!+, .)/&!+''0 $/%%122$#22&* 3 /&&#*

Steering Committee: /1&%,1!45&%, #%4/&%,$4) &%,. 4'.&%, /4%%#&%,# /24&&&%,#41 &%,!42&%,4/ $&%,#42#22&8 &%,421,4 #8$1,9%% /41) :425&#45& 1'45!1+$! 4&'5!4&$/R 1!4& 1.!+., !,$%

LEDRO ALPS 6 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Translations: &=8.:

Photo-Doumentation Archives: !)#)3&9#1 #2/R1! Graphic design and layout: &)*!+,4 ./2!+$%1

Acknowledgements: !+, !+# !+1, !+''0 PAT - Duplication Centre !+ !+#$% PAT - Special assignments for major events !+/ &9#+#& &1

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 7 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

AN EXTRAORDINARILY IMPORTANT HERITAGE OF VALUES

MAURO GILMOZZI, Councillor for Infrastructures and the Environment - Autonomous Province of Trento The area stretching from the Brenta Dolomites (one of nine mountain ranges in the Dolomites Natural I0# ,9)#1JK3J@@? /:%''' 8/%% /:% %'>:%' =!', >'' should have the extra guarantee that ',9)#1 has succeeded in making into a universal value. >'''' The generations preceding us have ,'%, >:'>'> '>, '>'R ,,,''> U,,V,= ,>,=!'>','R+ !, ,,V,M '' %>'' ',, ''>, >$)=1' >= QR' 0' %'> ,'9) and all the collective components #1 making up the environment and Organization as a “Biosphere %>''%%= P=I''> !'QR>'' '%, ,%! administrators and various kinds of have continued to be handed %%,'>: >,'!%%>' %,%' >'' >:>''%= .'>''>' & !,'

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 9 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '% '%> % the management of the site. '>'>'' I''%%O/ environment in this part of . %39)#1 5%, %'M' >,''' $/:P> '>''H,' >' '%>' $'''% ' :' %'> the Alto Garda Bresciano Park and generations. '): The area “from the Dolomites '', /:POP >'''%'#> heritage of environmental values ):%''' >''%M%: Adamello Park in Lombardia and the )J@@@ Stelvio Park. M%,% !'>% '%%%' ,% '. '%% /%+>%' in a more rapid and responsible >:'' %% alpine archaeological sites included ,'%'%% '9)#1I0 an example for other environments. /%>'': 1,'' %>'' O9)#1%'P European Charter for Sustainable has resulted in unprecedented !%,' >%: ):'% #91'% '/)>: %, &#, %= / This is a good foundation for ,, %', ',' '%=5'> O9)#1%' H>''>: P=.'' each has agreed to get involved and %'9)#1$ take on a fundamental challenge for I0#''!' all the inhabitants of the area. Should %>:,, ''>' :': >,>'% potential of all the parties involved in >%%,

LEDRO ALPS 10 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >: %'V ':'R,+ the “ Ledro Alps and Judicaria – from +,OP '$/:P=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 11 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda RECOGNITION, AWARENESS AND THE FUTURE

LIVIO CALDERA, Mayor of Comano Terme

>''>''' ,/ #' >''9%%/: / '+): the Consortium of municipalities in ','#' Consortium of municipalities in the ,'1'' 1$ 5!%' Tourism Consortium for the Ledro ,=I''% and administrative path has been '>''>'' This nomination originated in the %%%& 4>% 9J. ,% !' %>'' '>':> >'%%,' '',,=5 ! >'2 >'',' O$P>'' ,'= suggested the idea of proposing The nomination of the “Ledro Alps O9)#1%' 3'$ P'% /:P%' 1!#% ' $. #/2 >:,', #!= '>'>: ,'2 %'>' >:>''%%' =5' !' ,%%,$'%- %%%'R=J ','% J 'K'#%J@]R'J@%% value of this initiative1. The proposal ''&9- '%%' 1 !'1'J@'&'J@]R R=]

LEDRO ALPS 12 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >>',' 'H%, ''>'' an evolution in the concept of nature '!5, 4' becomes an international heritage. %%':,'% We believe that the area of the of duties and restrictions (as has %%%' :%>'' V %%, >'' categories of users in the area as ' % naturalistic processes have been linked to conscious promotion of '>'' ' assistance of collective management context of sustainable development. %=5%' 5'%%+ >'' up procedures – such as those of %%>'' the communities in the area of the Cima Tosa in the Brenta Dolomites to %%M>' /:>'' %,%%%%, % processes for the management of %: area resources undertaken for some I0#/:! ,!>'= /''> There is no lack of ideas and there Comano and the course of the is a clear and determined intention = %=I>' 0>' thanks to this MAB programme >,' '>' ,'', %' make the most of the fruits of the '%', %'%' protected bearing in mind the needs >'> ''%%>' ideas and innovative and creative live there. !','& %'=5 _,%%>''U the setting up of the Biosphere “The land is not inherited from our ' fathers, but on loan from our childrenPU , '''>> in relation to sustainable economic like to formalise the commitment '%'' to give back to our children and the >''>> research projects. >,' ''' %, '%' :>>'=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 13 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

TABLE OF CONTENT

PART I - SUMMARY 1. Proposed Name of the Biosphere Reserve % J` 2. Name of country: F Jw F JK 4. Criteria for designation as a Biosphere Reserve F `] 5. Endorsements » 91

PART II - DESCRIPTION 6. Location (coordinates and maps) F]]K 7. Area (see map) » 118 8. Biogeographical region F]JJ 9. Land use F ]Jw 10. Human population of proposed Biosphere Reserve F ]RK 11. Biophysical characteristics F ]`| 12. Ecosystem services » 190 13. Main objectives for the Biosphere Reserve’s designation F J]? 14. Conservation functions F J`K 15. Development function F J|K 16. Logistic support function F RJ] 17. Governance, Biosphere Reserve management and coordination F R`| 18. Special designations F R|~ 19. Supporting documents (to be submitted with nomination form) F R?J 20. Addresses F R?` Annex I F `@] Annex II F `]w

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 15 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Technical note: 2014 Nomination Form

!'O/%3U'$/:P) $>''>%%')$ %J@]R>','511' 'JK'>:]@+]R3J@]R=

!''&9K#%J@]R '>'%, “Declaration of intent on re-submission of the nomination of the Ledro Alps and Judicaria area as a Biosphere ReserveP%=||'%`=~'%w=

>''&)1'R@ 3,J@]`''%'% >U # €>4 # ,%'% %'>',>=

5%'VV,'511>' >%U

1. “… The Advisory Committee …note with concerns the petition transmitted to the UNESCO MAB Secretariat by numerous citizens… there seemed to be - PART II, p. 362, The petition against the PBR and the presumed con- (BOX), chapter 17.2

2. “…relevance of the zonation, including the protection status of the core are- as…” PART II, p. 251, chapter 14.1.3 PART II, p. 348, chapter 17.1.2

3. “…role of the transition area as an ecological corridor…” PART I, p. 74, The dual role of the “transition area” (BOX), chapter 4.5

4. “…research focused on conservation…” PART II, p. 329, chapter 16.1.1

LEDRO ALPS 16 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5. “…no clear description of the governance and of the decision making sy- stem…” - PART I, p. 60, chapter 4.3 - PART II, p. 223, Draft Management Plan, chapter 13.2 - PART II, p. 353, Governance of the Biosphere Reserve (BOX), chapter 17.1.8 - PART II, p. 376, chapter 17.4.1 - PART II, p. 379, chapter 17.4.5

6. “…How tourism would be managed…” PART II, p. 304, , chapter 15.2.3

7. “…How new park plan would be integrated in MAB…” PART II, p. 262, !"#- tion to the setting up of the PBR (BOX), chapter 14.1.3

8. “The Council ... encouraged the Italian authorities to ... engage in full consul- tation with local stakeholders ....” - PART I, p. 80, chapter 4.6.1 - PART I, p. 82, New meetings for participatory (BOX), chapter 4.6.1 - PART II, p. 233, chapter 13.4 - PART II, p. 360, chapter 17.1.10 - PART II, p. 361, chapter 17.2.1 - PART II, p. 371, chapter 17.3.1 - PART II, p. 374, chapter 17.3.6 - PART II, p. 386, chapter 17.5.1

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 17 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda TABLE OF ACRONYMS

API 55) APPA 2 % 2 R , APT/PTA* 22!!,! ASUC 2#%91#% 19 BIM 5&1&%'8, '#€1'5& CAGL 1/1,9%%/: / CdG 11, CEIS 12 5 #5 5 1# CETS/ECST* Carta Europea per il Turismo Sostenibile nelle Aree Protette %1'#! CLC Corine Land Cover COPAG Cooperativa pataticoltori giudicaresi (Cooperative of Potatoes > CTL 12%//R1! DOP $2%$ EdJ/EC* 3 IG 5M2%!!!!,! ISPRA 5 #% % 2 0' 5' MAB Man and the Biosphere MUSE &#2&9# PAES R2%R# # , PAT/APT* !! PBR %%' PNAB/ABNP* Parco naturale Adamello-Brenta +): PRG &%/9

LEDRO ALPS 18 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda PSR #%%$% PUP 9!!R,%#' ReLED/MNLED* &8/&>:/8, RR/NR* )>: SIC/SCI* #5%21%)J@@@# 1,5%')J@@@%>: TEN !)>: WHS # % & R9 9)#1 I 0 # ZPS/SPA* *2#%#%

* Both forms of the acronyms can be found in the text.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 19 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 0. INTRODUCTION

0,'%% >''>' ,%>''>' thanks to recent training and , informative activities organised in > 5,=!'',: ',I'' ',%, '%%, >''3 '=#,,% /'Q:> '%, %'R= :'>''='>' The relative geographical isolation >'' 'V, ,%' 'QR'' QR=!'>'% conservation of the traditional rural for managing an area do their best %>' to ensure that this pleasant feeling small and fragmented human can be maintained over time and ,' %4' '',>'' ' have seen greater tourist and urban '>' development. '=5'',: The attractive landscape stretching for models of reference and good ' %>'''' a harmonious combination of small '%>'' villages and cultivated and natural >:>' %' contexts. collective area management practices !'>''%%,' >'''= 3/! 0>'' ,,%', tradition of shared management has >'% ,%' %%, '%%,%' %>'' >'''>% discussing local development and its >']??J results in the area. The discussion 13= >% !'V',: the MaB programme and the World '>'> )>:%', '',' % U'>>

LEDRO ALPS 20 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '',, %>'' instrument that can provide a coherent >'' >: ', international context. Once again the =5'% '%' ,'' ''I)>: '%' %' ,'%%%= to be the most appropriate for this 5%>' scope. The drafting phase of the 'M,M present document inherits a long- range of initiatives present in the lasting tradition of local communities Judicaria and Ledro area into a involvement in management decision ,>' activities and local development ,>'>%U initiatives. The drafting process has QR%:', > >,>' '',%%= >:QR

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 21 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

PART I SUMMARY

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 23 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 1. PROPOSED NAME OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE:

Italian Name: O%/3U$P

English Name: %'O/%3U'$/: Garda”

The area lies in a mountainous ,>' ,>' to a mountainous area in the south- %',,= >'%!=!' ','% O3P'' >>% given to this area from the beginning %,' ']]',% />' the root of the current geographical >''' 'OP' socioeconomic terms as compared :R=J= to other human communities in The second part of the name – “from neighbouring alpine and pre-alpine '$/:PM areas . >%' The relative geographical isolation >+:>, 'V, >'''I 'QR'' 0/>''' conservation of the traditional rural area of the proposed reserve to the %>' north and the south. small and fragmented human 5'>,'': ,' ,'' '',>'' geographical nucleus of the proposed have seen greater tourist and urban %'>''' development. populations recognise themselves !'%'%%U ,,' O/%3P >,% %'%' geographical features useful for geographical characteristics. The ,%'>' O/%P%%' the global context.

LEDRO ALPS 24 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Fig. 1.1 The area of the PBR in relation to the national and provincial geographical context. The geographical references contained in the name “Ledro Alps and Judicaria” are highlighted

2. NAME OF THE COUNTRY: ITALY

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 25 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 3. FULFILLMENT OF THE THREE FUNCTIONS OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES: 3.1 “Conservation - contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation” QUALITY OF THE NATURAL '%'' AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT southern edge of the Alps. This area The area of the proposed Biosphere '>,', ', %, ,>' >'O:P environments and landscapes. This %:,> %,'% %>'' '>'' % O'P>'% > %% '\ >''',' fauna. '&=5 HR@: there is a difference in altitude of more 'R@@@'%' '1!R]~R '''%:' $'KR=== '>%' /:=#]=] One of the aspects making the area of such great naturalistic value is the fact that it acts as a corridor across the Alps for migrating birds in the autumn and large carnivores. This >' Carex Baldensis, an endemic plant of the south V,' of Trentino ,'' !',': : ,% demonstrating the characteristics ',' >'''', traditional presence of human >'V +,+%%U in terms of both human development >>' and the landscape. agricultural terraces dating back ',%' ',,%% >'% '2'

LEDRO ALPS 26 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Daphne petraea, one of the most “restricted” endemic species in the Ledro Alps

>% INSTRUMENTS FOR >'''' SAFEGUARDING '''>=' ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY highest altitude the traditional animal Several protection instruments have ',,% been adopted in order to safeguard % the relevant natural heritage of the >> %%=)'' several endemic species. different origin of these legislations cause partial or total overlapping \>' % =''>' ]` \,'>>U

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 27 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'#'9+9J@@~ 'O5)85)!P,', ''= +):91]?K~/> ]]€J@@~R=w )J@@@%>:U#51J/ZPSR5!R]J@]~~5!R]J@]w? 5!R]J@@K|5!R]J@@K?5!R]J@]J~5!R]J@@~K5!R]J@@?R5!R]J@@?K 5!R]J@@?`5!R]J@]RR5!R]J@]`@>1$ JJ=]J=@RR=R U. //:% /'221/>]]€@~

The establishment of the Biosphere and connecting implementation of all %% '' management structure (for details '& '%=]~ ]R=

Agricultural landscape

STRATEGIC LOCATION AND ''%%%' ROLE AT GLOBAL LEVEL >> !'%%%' broad corridor running north-south >: '%' >':'9%% ,>% Lake Garda area in the Lombardia ',''% '''+ %''#>2=5' ):''= >,'> 5'%' large gap in the transnational series of %%'> protected areas.

1 #'4'+%' !R=`= J #1,5%')J@@@%>:%'$- ?J€`R€1= R #%%'$~?€`@?€1=

LEDRO ALPS 28 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%&%'*+/%++ 0+!23#++% The contiguous protected areas '> ,'RR@=@@@' protected areas: >'%' # '+):!4 # ':/4 # '#):!/ # '#>): # '&#>2 # '9%%+: !'%%%'> ,':%,>' :>'>% them.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 29 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 3.2 “Development - foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable”

THE ROOTS OF DEVELOPMENT Over the centuries the human com- ,'3#- ma Laganensis1 has developed a method of managing the area through ,>''' ''€' %'%, O%%,P >>% pasture (the main natural resources %%, ',=

4+#'5678"$9 O;P*#= Ledro to the south

4+#'>?@9= 49 /E8HIKHN0H9 one can note Lake Garda (Riua) and Lake Ledro 4QQE =S39N Thermae)

1 !'O3P: ?J~=1' ''%8)'V- 'O%%V' 3#/P=5?J~_ R', 3#/=5/- R%85+8555= %,> OPOP=5 ,%' Northern edges of the Longobardic empire.

LEDRO ALPS 30 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The traditional use of collective Lake Garda area (intense tourist %%,'>' %'81' ,>%' ',',= % '%,>''% The population living in the heart of >' 'QR ,',> >'',, %'> adopted as a place name and as an >'% indication of geographical and social %%,UOP' ,=5,'' ,,'%, >]` %#91+2 ,'O2 #%911% %3P '=!', (Judicaria Ecomuseum AssociationJ= 2%%, %'! numerous public service activities the natural environment and and the attentive and responsible cultural landscape have been better management of the area heritage '>', %,' '>'' ,= %', ', :%>' the central-southern part of the %' 3 extent that it is present in all sectors of and marginal as compared to other economic and social life. ,'3 0>''> '%',' '>'!/ >, %', 4'' ',, need to reinforce opportunities for the economic boom and tourist and >:,' industrial development in Trentino. '''%%%, These have characterised '=/%, ', , '' , 1 Separate management of civic uses. The right of %,=!',% ', %'%=5 J .>'/==J@@R+- ',''- %,&%- ' !=5 '>>' project of territorial valorization acting through a ,=1,'' ,>'' '|@†>>'- '%! =#91'',' - this right. &%|=`=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 31 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %> %,,',%% %%%>'' ''%=5'%> geographical area: '%/ # OP€,/:/4 . ' # '!4 ',' # 1%O,P have led to several problems in terms >, >''%' 1 >'': Comano spa represents the core of the agricultural landscape and O>+P=!'' >= '''>' The acceptance of the Biosphere =, & important is the effort to integrate %,' '> ',=!''> business activities onto traditional > >'%, sustainable models of development %>'' in the area. Agricultural activities ,% ', ,%% :, or involving major settlements and , exploitation of the area.

The village of Rango, in the Bleggio area, an example of the conservation of traditional 8+%

LEDRO ALPS 32 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOP- !'%'>' MENT COHERENT WITH THE :%%,, MAB PROGRAMME >' Through a process of exchanging >' >':'' >''' %'- ,,%'%- ve is intended to consolidate a long '2% %%,- \>' dertaken in order to implement indivi- ''>, %H''% 'JK'& '3>'' Action Plan. ,>' This is the case of the Judicaria Eco- J]%'%- museum and the Ledro museum net- %,%%HO1 >:',>' 8,J=@P''/ ,%=!',' >:'% of involving various actors in cultural '/)>:' initiatives. 1!#'+: During the public meetings held in the 9)#1R$>- %%,%' $- '%,- %%H/R)>: :%> 1>''9%H/5.‡ overall strategies for local develop- O!)>:PJ. 'U 1 !')>:%> #€2' '% %4 ,'%, /==]]€@~>'% '4 ,'' &%=5%%:' management and enhancement of protected %, >'%%' on promoting local products and >,, '%, %>''', %' >= %=!')>: 5'>:- >,''/== ]]€@~O it considers an intense dialogue phase on >%P>'' the interrelated themes of nature and socio- '%O>:P %,''' and coherence described in the European O0P= % J /5.‡!==)!)>: and local associations. A plan for the economic %H,9, development of the Ledro area is planned in !>''%% 1]?/5.‡!==)=%H=!' &9#&#2 '',>' several concrete actions aimed at improving the %> ,'''' >'%%% >>:=& J@]R=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 33 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %'& 'I)>:%'- '%' >' '|=]]= %- ,>%%- lutions to development problems also tional activities. '' !'>%%% %,> and collaboration at national and inter- communities and tourist activities and the support and promotion of local

=U+8+ +[?@8

LEDRO ALPS 34 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 3.3 Logistic support - support for demonstration projects, environmental education and training, research and monitoring related to local, regional, national and global issues of conservation and sustainable development.

8%' '%''' ''- botanical gardens of Stenico (Natural >' % >''- >:>: >: %%H= %'>''%' .,'+- infrastructure for encouraging tourism ):%]?||' >'>% %%%H for encouraging the economies of , disadvantaged or marginal mountain ,,- areas. arch and monitoring of different biotic .>,,'# and abiotic components related to Museum has also activated a perma- %, , out information projects in relation to 1 environmental conservation and the '8/= - 5]??~'%' '- >:,- , '%>''- promoting local food and agriculture O%P=.' %,> at the ringing station there is a small important visitors centres in the area: >''- 'O1RP ded trips and activities to observe the %#=/2 fauna.

8 4I3SN9 international importance for migrating

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 35 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'>:'8 ''>'=.' //$1>' ,' J@]J:>' out popular cultural dissemination '8/>' activities for the population and '% tourists. , ,=!'>:> to the Science Museum (a museum %',&9#J 3,J@]RM, MTSN – Trento Natural Science &%' '/:/%+> ''%+> 'I0 98 Associazione Pro Ecomuseo at a local farm '= !'%%'>: >'' !'&1' /:/:5 %',' ' OP>''' naturalistic and historic interest. %,' ,' #J@@J'3 = '%' The museum is divided into seven dissemination and promotion of the =#%,' %,' >,,'% and cultural aspects. The ecomuseum '&1 %H has been involved in a census of >''%'' \!>''' safeguarded and promoted at the organisation of reference in a project ''' %%\' ', European model. This project has '=5 %+%':>' '% \'%%= 1 &>:/8,4 #J@@@' >' monitoring department of the >'%%- =5%,&#= Agenzia Provinciale per la Protezione J &9#U&#%, RM >'=

LEDRO ALPS 36 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Educational activities in experimental 8 , plans and carries out educational – has carried out activities in the and cultural promotion activities and initiatives for the social exploitation '' % the Trentino environmental education ')J@@@>: >:% the production of educational and >''%,'' =5 ''>:' :' '1,R=5 of features of particular naturalistic '/8,' V 'O81%P %>' = ' !'%' training and refresher courses. Much Autonomous Province of Trento ':>) R !'1, J@@@%' '','- !>'R|=@@@' the area has come from the activities R?&%']J@ '%=!' residential zones. The area includes supervises the visitors centre at Lake >'/ 5,# Ampola. 1'=1,% !'0' %>'- !'&%4',' Autonomous Province of Trento %' manages research and environment and adopting suitable politics for their needs and ' features of their land. Among their competencies '%> %+>% as planning and funding of local inter-municipal . ,:> %H>>>===

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 37 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,9)#1'=5 1/15J %'%+>& and Consorzio pro LocoR di Ledro . J@]J ' ,' promoting various activities in !% %%QRU %,%% , '',' %, most ancient European farming cultural tourism and naturalistic communities. The museum explores itineraries. '','%> The establishment of the Biosphere >' >: ':/:1 research and education projects (as :>' '>' Late Neolithic era and the Bronze %>' =5%, '>:'O9) ,H% Decade of Education for Sustainable precious evidence of considerable $%P9)$#$' technical and construction expertise 9)#1= and artisan skills. One section of the museum is dedicated to the A detailed picture of research related . +1%% '% nature reserve and site of European |=w=#%,' 1,>'' JU'|=w '%> '' be seen. >''|=w' and publications of a socioeconomic !'#1 and historic-cultural nature. !'J@@@ ,>'% '> ':=5 '>''%' ,=)>,%' %'>' ' >'''=. 1 !'!!- '%=]@=K %,>'%€%%'% >'%%%= annex 8.8. J )'/:!! R 8,!ˆ5ˆ ,'%' .,'' ''4',,' >,% 5,=

LEDRO ALPS 38 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 3N9989 headquarters for the proposed BR

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 39 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Y=

LEDRO ALPS 40 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4. CRITERIA FOR DESIGNATION AS A BIOSPHERE RESERVE 4.1 “Encompass a mosaic of ecological systems representative of major biogeographic region(s), including a gradation of human interventions.”

'R9,R &,]J1 ' %&RJ >''O& JP.=`=]=

$%7%'I8+++U++0 Z8%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 41 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda +*#=94

!''%' &'% representative of the southern slopes %''>%% of the carbonate central-eastern Alps >'% %, '>>' of environments leading from the traditional crops.

LEDRO ALPS 42 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda [++++0E YN*

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 43 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5', The extreme north of the reserve area '/:>'' '',%%% %'>+:> %2>+ Mediterranean enclave in the %',' continental area. Thanks to a +):>' microclimate resulting from the ',%$% presence of the lake and the % %%','' >'%>= ',%,& The heart of the reserves is '>'':> %,'% and thermophilous-xerophilous ,% species that arrive here at the upper '>' limit of their area of distribution. ,=

The Giudicarie Esteriori, in the central part of the PBR, home to traditional agriculture of various kinds

LEDRO ALPS 44 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !''\' settlements. ''% Taking for granted the value of more ,,> '>>' %%>' to underline that the focus in terms of gentle basins and inaccessible of conservation and management of ' '+' '>' '%, short distance. These are areas >''V >'''' in order to also conserve their '>% '\ OP'%2 '4',% ','%% ',% >'''' %,'' >\' jurisdiction of the Adamello-Brenta %% ):'' >''% special reserve has been set up for '>%= the purpose. !'>, Core areas indicate the best ', conserved areas of natural or semi- >'%% ' >'%' V%%>'%%% %, for their safeguarding. Buffer zones of the isolation of the resident >'' population. ', &%,' ,%= %' 5', '>' %,= 4%, .,,' intact natural habitats at high altitude %2>'' ':,% ,, %:'$ :% 'R]~R ===+' human settlements and residual areas >', '' >>% the traditional landscape. agricultural areas and human

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 45 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ! conservation”.

!', %>'' ''' U'>'% ',= %, !',% %4%>' >''' %4 %, of particular importance in terms of :>' fauna.

=39Y*

LEDRO ALPS 46 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%7%?+9 +% #++8 !?@@@++0*M %

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 47 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%7%?+8++9+ +[%"'6%@@@9 8&>]++%

LEDRO ALPS 48 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda PLANT BIODIVERSITY '\! &%H)J@@@ 'K|†'%\ >:1\ %'>'%= >,,! The area has a considerable have made it possible to obtain an concentration of sites of interest in :>' \>'% \= or endemic species of high value in !'>'>'' 4% area of the proposed Biosphere %%~=R†'\ '',% %','%% reserve.

Approximate number of species in the reserve 1600 % of flora in Trentino 68% % of flora in Italy 24% % protected and/or endemic specie in MAB 7.3%

% Protected species in PBR

7%

Protected species Total species

$%7%& proposed BR, also in terms of endemic species, in relation to 93% provincial and national data

1 !')J@@@>:'- '% >:'>=!'% ']@@@%=5' J@†9,=!'' ''%,% R@†' attention to human activities. Man is an integral !=!'>:>% part of nature. The directive states: “The main U'OP$J@@?€]`~€1 %'- 'O0P$?J€`R€1=!' ,: OP$%>% VG' and is designed to conserve the main habitats of ',,GV'- '%!'O0- '' P$'%% of protection measures to other. threatened P.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 49 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

PROTECTION No. of species Red List for TN - 2001 84 Red List for ITA IUCN-2013 17 IUCN 8 Berne 6 Cites B 18 $%7%7!+ Habitat annex 2 4 + Habitat annex 4 2 8+ Habitat annex 5 4 national and international Steno-endemic species 33 [%

The abundance of sites of interest in , \, ,%= to the high concentration of endemic .# %>','' '8,$%' %, '%' the Alps. !:% !''\' /%) '# 'V tombeanensis and Daphne petraea thalictrifolia. '55$=?J€`R€1

!9 +98 Red List for Trentino. species that characterise the Ledro Alps.

LEDRO ALPS 50 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 8*+U+

,%%>'' habitats or those present in the %%%''> / >, >''% >'RJ)J@@@' section 11. ~%,'>' The data given in the table represents ']w%'/ ''%\ !/J@@K= presented at the beginning of section !'>'>%, `=J=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 51 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Nat.2000 Trentino red National red Habitat priority list list 4070 Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum yes / low Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the 6110 Alysso-Sedion albi yes CR low Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on 6210 calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) yes EN/CR low Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas, 6230 in Continental Europe) yes LR low 8240 Limestone pavements yes EN low 9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines yes VU low Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus 91E0 excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) yes VU/EN high Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or Isoeto- 3130 Nanojuncetea no CR high 4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub no CR / Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or 3150 Hydrocharition - type vegetation no EN medium Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with 3240 Salix elaeagnos no EN low Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey- 6410 siltladen soils (Molinion caeruleae) no EN high Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, 6510 Sanguisorba officinalis) no EN medium 6520 Mountain hay meadows no EN low 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs no EN medium-high 7230 Alkaline fens no EN high $%7%5SI+8%

!'%,'' >+%,, include forest habitats of particular plant species relating to the rare ,'% .+KJ]@=!', >'% ,%' %' ,>%' ?]@!+ slopes of hills to the mountainous ?]|@'>' band. The permanence of this kind of %`@~@+ ', natural formations such as Nardus ,>% ,', ,'=0 >= KJ]@%,>' %%' !','' >''' %,% ',

LEDRO ALPS 52 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ', %V ''>'' >>'%' the event of abandon (or vice-versa recent times to a strong decline. For ': this reason it is also considered to , :,)€1' the future. /'!=!' This habitat is often situated outside search for balanced and integrated %%, development respecting the ,:,= environment is the best guarantee for &> its perpetuation.

N8++90*%H8%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 53 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda BIODIVERSITY OF THE FAUNA !'>'' The area of the proposed reserve is most important corridors in the Alps ',% for carnivorous fauna and autumn >':,> %+% %= ,'% !'>, ,% 'V 1,&9## ,% &=!'' >''% %'>, reproducing and stopping off during /‡!)%H1. transit.

$%7%>I8Z*ZZ%"0# "!++=%

.',=> ' '',,>' %,%55 $?J€`R€19 `%, 'Rw% 5$?J€`R€1= !'']`?% species recorded in the area of the 1 /5.‡!==)=%H%%,9- ')>: %%%'=!' interconnected group of natural areas linked >'>' '',% species subject to different levels of >'% %,=!'%>:% protection. >'2' '>%>:=

LEDRO ALPS 54 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%7%6U8'@@@?@@@ %!+8%IU 8%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 55 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda PROTECTION No. of species IUCN 132 L. 157/92 – Italian law 109 79/409 CEE, Annex 1 37 BERNE 136 CITES, Annex A 21 CITES, Annex B 6 BONN, Ap.2 27 HABITAT Dir., Annex 2 5 HABITAT Dir., Annex 4 12 HABITAT Dir., Annex 5 3

$%7%^!++8+ [%

$98"!

LEDRO ALPS 56 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'>.=`=? ''% summarises some of the most presented in the Annex. %'

Species of comm. Priority Species Name Group Motivation interest species Narrow-mouthed whorl Annex II, Dir. Vertigo angustior snail Invertebrates 92/43/CEE x Austropotamobius Annex II, Dir. pallipes Freshwater crayfish Invertebrates 92/43/CEE x Annex II, Dir. Barbastella barbastellus Barbastelle Mammals 92/43/CEE x Annex II, Dir. Ursus arctos Brown bear Mammals 92/43/CEE x Annex II, Dir. Lynx lynx Lynx Mammals 92/43/CEE x Annex I, Alectoris graeca saxatilis Rock partridge Birds Dir.79/409/CEE Annex I, Aquila chrysaetos Eagle Birds Dir.79/409/CEE Annex I, Bonasa bonasia Hazel grouse Birds Dir.79/409/CEE Annex I, Tetrao tetrix tetrix Black grouse Birds Dir.79/409/CEE Annex I, Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie Birds Dir.79/409/CEE Annex I, Gypaetus barbatus Bearded vulture Birds Dir.79/409/CEE Lagopus mutus Annex I, helveticus Ptarmigan Birds Dir.79/409/CEE $%7%_

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 57 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4.3 “Provide an opportunity to explore and demonstrate approaches to sustainable development on a regional scale”.

The interpretation of the model of &%U9/==]]€@~ '%', )R:'%, ', version of the CdG Territorial Plan of development in a fragile and `=], %>'>' '%, +%'>'' sustainable development. over the centuries have led to !'%% landscapes of great value in terms %'%=]R]~ , ', %>'% , ,=!' %%' objectives related to the nomination >'''',' %'>''> collective management of public also represent the guidelines for '& '%,>% '' %'% %>' >'''>' , population in the area. ,'&4% !'%%,% 'Q##,'I to the MAB nomination represents )>:%'R the natural continuation of a similar the ‘Madrid Action Plan for Biosphere %>%% J@@|+J@]RR= %,'% '%'Q)>: as the Alpine Convention and the R'/% %/%1 and tourism development plans for >%' '=!'> #,! up of the Nomination Dossier for ' '%' for the proposed areas. At local level %]`,>:, !1 the Judicaria Ecomuseum and 8%): 'O%%,%%HP '>:%, O18,J=@P>'' complex series of scheme-planning '`,'' >, involvement of more than a hundred >''H' %%Jw''

LEDRO ALPS 58 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %#%!', .'>' trips and meetings. The processes >'>''%% '>%' '%'%' European Charter for Sustainable ', !)'> %J@]R' ':'' %', />:' development it has taken place in a %'/%>: >%+%' '> '%%, +%%' %>'H %> ,>''% '>'' ,'9)#1R&%= stakeholders. Other participating !'> %>''I+ the processes taking place in the last District of Giudicarie Esteriori Plan >,'1!# (Piano Distretto Benessere Giudicarie )R:'% %,' '/%)>: 1,! '%,' '%+> 1,8,#' $I0#=5' !1'1, '' 1'>' >'''% ,' did not represent the reason behind ]R=R= ''' The combination of these virtuous V'U processes has given rise to a QR'H >' but rather the starting point for %%>''' ,,% >,'' %H' '%=5' '> not an exaggeration to suggest that '','> H'>:%' ,', '' 9)#1R&%=!' '>'' ',% to nominate the area as a Biosphere of being able to demonstrate that it %' has operated according to the same %>' %%>' %,=I ': ',' >'>> phase of consultation as preparation for thanks to recognition at international the nomination and therefore an integral level. part of it.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 59 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda .ROP> &>%% ]@ ,'#1J|3, H'R@% J@]`%% H>''>%' of the Programme Agreement (see backbone of the future Management ]~=`'|=]]== '%'=!' !'&>=

#!!51 )/ #15.5131!58 31!58

1.1.1. Birdlife 1.1 1.1.2. 0% Safeguarding of , 1.1.3. 0% and invertebrate fauna 1.1.4. Flora and vegetation

1.1.5. Mammals

1.2 1.2.1. #>resouces Safeguarding 1. Nature '%', 1.2.2. Sustainable management of , environment: conservation > 1.2.3. #, and geosites 1.2.4. ''%,'>

1.3 5 1.3.1. Ecological , ', of the 1.3.2. Management of subalpine habitats ecological >: 1.3.3. &%>Nardus grasslands

2.1 , , 2.1.1. ,> reinforcing of technological 2.1.2. Technological 5!development >:

2.2 2.2.1. in motor traffic Development of sustainable 2.2.2. of alternative , 2. Sustainable , economic 2.3.1. 5%>',' development and tourism 2.3.2. Maintaining the traditional landscape 2.3 Enhancing local resources 2.3.3. ' 2.3.4. Making the most of human resources

2.3.5. %,% 2.4 Coordination of 2.4.1. %%, local %,

3.1 ' 3.1.1. Environmental education and dissemination 3.1.2. Monitoring of habitats and species in the environmental 3.1.3. $:>' field 3.2.1. Communication and involvement of the population 3. # 3.2.2. Creation of routes for the disabled 3.2 3.2.3. ,%%Š:' information and Development research of social 3.2.4. >,' >'%H activities 3.2.5. Support for international cooperation activities

3.2.6. Promoting the role of cooperation

3.3 Promotion 3.3.1. Census of resources to be safeguarded of the historic- cultural 3.3.2. Cultural heritage >: heritage 3.3.3. Promotion of the heritage of local memories

LEDRO ALPS 60 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Adopting a principle of shared =!'>' : encouraged to demonstrate and %%,> %%% ''%% %%'%, for the Management Plan corresponds and committed to achieving similar >'%,>' objectives. ,>', .,' coordinator or lead partner among %'%' themselves. also provides for the aforementioned .'> series of organisations being put into effect to achieve the established ,,,' H'%' %'1 |=]]== >''>% 5'>,>% as soon as the nomination process O:>:P ',= capable of enhancing the individual %>','%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 61 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4.4 “Have an appropriate size to serve the three functions of biosphere reserves”.

The area proposed to be recognized !>'%% '=`~=@@@' '''%', ]K=@@@'= V'' >''' The zoning proposed for the range of the Tremalzo and Tombea %' mountains. As compared to the from territorial strategic choices that $'> ,>''& model. These choices aim at: ,' # '' ,'> protection of biological and cultural ]]=K,% ,4 ', # >'',' O %'>' P>%% ,' H',' !'',= central-alpine areas of internal !'%', ,4 > # > '2, prospects related to sustainable close to the northern and south- '' >'= of the principle of responsible These inhospitable areas impede ,4 the establishment of stable human # ' V, ', the implementation of cooperation ,4 activities for sustainable development # %,% projects. >'''= !>'%,' !''', >' %,'%', >''%', '$'' '',%'4 >', %'' >''% %,''+ both in relation to biological and >, anthropic aspects. ,',%''

LEDRO ALPS 62 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Q*+[ proposed BR

situation described regarding the of species and habitats present. surroundings of Lake Garda to the ,',%>' %'>> >'% /:5M>',=! reinforcing their conservational role ''%', through active protection measures clear (it runs along a ridge acting as +' ',%'+' ,, V,'',' organising research and monitoring , activities in relation to birdlife \% the expectations of the population as %,' regards the model of socioeconomic %9=5' %,= %,' presence of some alpine summer !'%>'' '%'% areas of greatest naturalistic value research center for birds. The buffer 'V,V, 2

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 63 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The presence of facilities/seasonal %%' ''> 'V%%>' contribute to this scope: protection measures. With their # %% 2' '1%J~ ,%% that in addition to economics '%% %%' management model similar to that in %> habitats of great relevance for the this as much as possible in their area , \''O>:P=5 # %'$ concrete terms this means limiting R%%''+ the changes in the use of the land mountain tourism and reinforcing the development of # , w %%>' '' ] &%, %,'%' >'' ':+% activities. 2% ''','=

=SE4N++ BR to the East

LEDRO ALPS 64 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda , R'%>'> # ',| %,' %+', /,'> ''% main centres for the sustainable the conservation of pastures. development proposals. The transition !'2%, zone is made up of areas on the '4' ,\> of the buffer zone borders on the ', 2'' =!' %>'' ,% 2, %>'M, >'',' for – the protection of the buffer zones =!'>'' >' '',> the conservation of the semi-natural ,'%',>''' ' ',' driving force for their implementation \'',= in the transition zone. !'2 !''%>' ,'' areas of the zones outlined can be %' %',%,>U '>'%% # ]@@?† the local resident population. While # RRJK† ''Q'+ # wKKw†

On the left, the ridge of the Cadria and Gavardina delimits the proposed BR to the West

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 65 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda +#KN9&9'6&9 ++0!

The central nucleus of the core area possible partial group of neighbouring >%,> %> buffer zones in order to preserve the 2, >' promote coordinated sustainable 4'2 %>'' V2€' %%'>' ,%% '%,' ,' %QR>'' uncoordinated discordant activities. %,= 5%

LEDRO ALPS 66 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4.5 Through appropriate zonation:

The different zones in the Biosphere ,> .=`=]@=

$%7%'@

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 67 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda CORE AREAS '/%)>: Legal framework >''' The core areas are divided into ,>%= '%', '>''%',, The northern nucleus is situated separated. The three nuclei are >''O$P ,>' #15€#'O$P O5)85)!P,' I0#%+%= #',', &%,'' :,' %>'#% , 5J% order to ensure their conservation and ,':'% enhancement. The same areas also adoption. Among the reasons leading >')J@@@ '%'5 '#1,5% 5%V #15#% '>%,' #'%, safeguarding of semi-natural habitats package of conservation measures ,''\= for habitats and species1. !'>''% Size % `~|w=|J']@†' >,,: '= to the conservation of habitats and !''' species. '> The southern and central nuclei %,U %%,>'' )2MR~JK=R?'2M O1PO1' ]@@?=]K'#2+w@=J|' M'P#15€#>' %,= The Management Conservation objectives

1 O0P$=?J€`R€1OP$=~?€`@?€ ,'9 1%% %,'%% ,'>U% is “to safeguard biodiversity by #51+$=== R@$J@@w=J?wK4%- keeping a satisfactory conservation *#+$===J~ status of natural resources (natural J@@K=JJ~?45*#+$=== JJ.,J@@~=RJ|4/==JR&,J@@~ and semi-natural habitats, wild =]]V4- tions regarding protected areas in the province territory. Biodiversity contributes to +$===R)J@@|=w@+]w~€=4 5*+$===wJ@]@ sustainable development and has =]~??41*#+ to be safeguarded while respecting $===]~.,J@]]=Jw?4 >'% economic, social and cultural needs ')J@@@>: and regional and local peculiarities”. !+$KRJ€J@]R=

LEDRO ALPS 68 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5'#15€# %>'')J@@@ '%>,= %,% Major research over a period of protection. ,>, >, 1>''% ',> capture and ringing station for %% migrating birdlife. >', Nature itineraries and informative and semi-natural species-rich habitats , (implementing the alpine farms plan of being prepared on naturalistic themes. '&%,/' The use of forests is regulated '+):= ,%,

8HY8+ 8

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 69 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 89QQ9Z+ protection of permanent grasslands and the traditional landscape

BUFFER ZONES '18, Legal framework / ''2 5&#5&1'' =~|†)J@@@ #%J`'J@]R >'%,>' %>'' the core areas. These are peripheral !%)>: or less sensitive areas from the '/== %> ]]€@~R=w V%%>'' >:')J@@@ #15‡#M'' %>''=!' )M corridor and ecological integration 5, '>: less conservation interest. >''%% !'%/! ':> # %H>

LEDRO ALPS 70 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,'H '' of active protection measures. The activities such as those taking place ')>: '=!'> '%' be extended to the remaining buffer ' 2')>: 2'#15 = %]w†'= Nature itineraries and informative and !'%,' , #'9 %%' %%> %>:' ',% centred on the core areas. ,'/>]]€J@@~ The use of forests is regulated for all the buffer zones (and therefore ,%, '~†' %>'')J@@@ #15#)>: %,% ,=!' %>''H '>>% to assessment of their effects. :,H% 5%,'', and municipal jurisdictional/urban management plans for areas outside 9 '#15# % ,,= protecting them from changes in the >, '>'' recover some areas of abandoned %'%%= ',>%% activities (implementing the mountain Size '%'&%,/ ]w~~`=``'RR†' ''):=# '= intervention has been planned and implemented to improve the Activities underway &%, 52 /R% >'#15' %%%=' %>,'' interventions are studies focused on ',',> K=J=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 71 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda TRANSITION AREA development. Size Actions designed to support JK|K~=`~'w~†' %' '= initiative of numerous public and % Sustainable development activities 5>''%',' >'% '' %% >, sustainable forms of tourism and human settlements in the area are ,= >% '%, 4' the promotion of cultural activities Esteriori and Ledro. '3>'' For both these communities an organises initiatives related to institutional process of contiguous '' %>,U ,''= ']~%K %', !, >''%, ,%>'' /J'1 Adamello-Brenta Nature Park and in !=.'>', some municipalities. Other tourism the Giudicarie Esteriori one should %, recall the coordination of cultural 15 ,'3 '12// Ecomuseum. >'% !'>,%, informationJ based on promoting the />'# natural environment. ',: !'%H%')>: a similar process to that of the '/% &% (including a planning agreement '! >K% become involved in setting up a 4 )>:1%, `=R% ''/%=!'> area promotion activities based on the main communities (Ledro and value of the natural environment. '>' Other initiatives take place at the pile- 'H'> >/. '%, 9)#1= % .,'

1 !'''% %,>'' '>OP J >>>=='%U€€>>>=- >''%'= mano.it

LEDRO ALPS 72 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda take place at municipal level or are coordinate and develop this complex ,'%U ']w= regulations. 5''%' >%%,

Cultivated area in the Giudicarie Esteriori, in the transition area

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 73 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda THE DUAL ROLE OF THE “TRANSITION AREA”: - LOCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES - ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT BUFFER AND CORE AREAS

%V?]@]w '%%''??† '=5>''>' combination of social and economic activities described in relation to the O$8/&)!.9)1!5)P]w:%'O! P=!'>%''>'>:% the different municipalities and economic sectors (distribution of companies in 'U 5,Industria

7% Buildings 21% Costruzioni 12% TradeCommercio

ServicesServizi (alloggi (accommo- e ristorazione)

18% ServicesServizi (trasporti)%

28% ServicesServizi (altri)' 11% 3% AgricultureAgricoltura

K+#

                    

           !  ! " # $ %  "    &  " " "  (  ) $ *   +  )  $   (,      $ $    "    $      $

LEDRO ALPS 74 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >'',>'' ',=K@†'' >=,''',\ ,%,= .,%',, 'O1P,'>'''' >,'&%?= !,,%]J@@@ w@@@>%% >,=.,,% ''%=&'>' !%]J+]J=R %.1,|=R= !'> '>'=5>''>'' 2>',H'%','' ,,= %,,'> factors: # '%',,>,'! V,4 # %V,' >,,>,,4 # %'>%+ 4 # %',%'>:>' '''%> ::'%,>+ %4 # '''''% '= !'', %>''>: coherence. !',%'>''%, >'`=J]]=K]J=]]`=J=.'% >

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 75 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ECOLOGICAL CONNECTION

!'%,,> :,%>'>

urban settlements alpine pastures cultivated areas forests inland waters and wetlands rocky terrain

.

LEDRO ALPS 76 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda the different core areas. ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR BEAR,

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 77 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4.6 “Organizational arrangements should be provided for the involvement and participation of a suitable range of inter alia public authorities, local communities and private interests in the design and the carrying out of the functions of a biosphere reserve”.

4.6.1 Describe arrangements ''>' in place or foreseen. participation in the MAB programme. .'>' %, >'>''%% are part of the background and '%'%' traditions of the communities ', living in the area of the proposed %J@]R' %'=5 %', nomination of the area emerged from development it has taken place in a %%%%, >%+%' management related to sustainable '%%, %%H>'' %>'H Logistical role Conservation role Development role (research & education) RR of the Ledro Alps C B T B T C B T Dolomites and pile-dwelling sites B T C B T included in the World Heritage List ABNP Plan C B B T C B ECST (ABNP) B T C B T Geopark (ABNP) C B B T C B T Tourist offices’ strategic plans B T B T EMAS (CdG, 5 municipalities and B T T ABNP) Area Plans for the Giudicarie Community: preliminary document C B T B T B T approved on 9/07/2013 ECOMUSEO B T T ASUCs B T Family project in Trentino T (Giudicarie Esteriori district)

$%7%''*+8+++89 NbEbEb%00b!#09!"b!"#9 SN3bS+N39N=b=N893INb3+ 9S43bS43

LEDRO ALPS 78 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,>''% been nurtured at length over the last ,9)#1R&%=! >'' '>' '%' processes taking place in the last representing the formal conclusion >,'1!# %>'%, )R:'% maturing over time. '/%'%, I', document for the PTC of the CdG consider this phase of consultation ,'>' as preparation for the nomination and ,' therefore an integral part of it. ]R=R= >'%,>' The combination of these virtuous activities provide for structured processes has given rise to a %%,' >' >' %%>'' and participation in agreements or '>,' understandings. The roles and areas ''%= 1‹‹!‹ 5' >'''',, to suggest that idea of joining the %,%% >:%'' '%,=

"+8+N=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 79 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'O&9 >:= '%%%'P I'>' reinforces and brings together all a series of coordination meetings '%%, >>'' >' signing the agreement: Place Subject Date Municipality of Comano Information regarding the proposed February-March Terme nomination for Mayors and local 2013 authorities in the Giudicarie

Terme di Comano Introduction of proposed MAB 16 April 2013 nomination to municipalities and local bodies

Trento, PAT Joint meeting between Mayors, the 20 May 2013 Presidents of the Communities and the President of PAT

Trento, PAT Joint meeting between Mayors, the 19 June 2013 Presidents of the Communities, representatives of other bodies involved and PAT Directorate-General for the Environment

Trento, PAT Joint meeting between Mayors, the 8 July 2013 Presidents of the Communities, representatives of other bodies involved and PAT Directorate-General for the Environment

Trento, PAT Meeting of the steering committee to 30 July 2013 decide on the name

Municipality of Comano Meeting of the steering committee to 29 August 2013 Terme decide on governance

Trento PAT Meeting of the signatories to sign the 6 September 2013 Memorandum of Understanding

Municipality of Comano Meeting of the steering committee for 10 September 2013 Terme definitive approval of the dossier Municipality of Comano Meeting of the Steering Committee to decide 28 July 2014 Terme how to continue the nomination process following the 26th working session of the ICC. Municipality of Comano Meeting of the Steering Committee to decide 19 August 2014 Terme how to continue the nomination process following the 26th working session of the ICC.. Municipality of Comano Approval of new governance documents for 28 August 2014 Terme the PBR $%7%'?*++

LEDRO ALPS 80 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 8 4 meetings open to the public and/or ]~=R= ':'>

"+4+83

!'>: %'>' %%, >' during the nomination process also :'&,J@]R '>U # %%% # %% >''3>1 and >&% :>''> ', '%,4 %%' # ''' participation in the initiative from 4 %>', # %' involved in the future activities of '!8>% '|=?= 5R|&,J@]R4 # '!8, 1 '%U€€>>>=+=€'%U€€+=- ok.com/EcomuseoDellaJudicaria

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 81 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda NEW MEETINGS FOR PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT OF THE LEDRO AREA

.>%'%')$ #%J@]R'>'>''%%%, '/%>''% %%H''%%,%=

!'%''/‡O!)P/5.€)!€ 5!€@@]|~%%H%%'\ '%%,'%%%'=!'/‡ O!)P%H%%, %%,'%H >''%%%, %%,%%>: and prospects for future involvement. There are no similar experiences in the %'>'% 'R=

]@>'~%R%, 'R'/>)J@]R&' J@]`,]~@%%U - a programme of actions for active protection and reconstruction of ,''/%1J'/%H4 +OH&%P>'% '1]?'/ %H=

.']R=`]~=J

Press releases regarding the various %'%> informative events are enclosed. permanent area forums is provided !'&9 %%'>:% ,%' '%'>% %%, V,%' activities once that MaB recognition is Management Plan for the reserve obtained: to ensure the participation `=~>'& of stakeholders in decision-making ]?JJ=

LEDRO ALPS 82 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda "+4+8*

K8/Sj

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 83 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4.6.2 Have any cultural and '%%)R= social impact assessments !'>'>: been conducted, or similar '%, tools and guidelines been %>' used? structured feedback. Evaluation of the concerns of the !'%'>: local population is normal practice %,% 'V=% ,' of these kinds of activities and '''%% %%, coordinating mechanism (see section &#1!#'>'' ]~=]=|= %J] %V

H8S0wY*

LEDRO ALPS 84 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4.7 Mechanisms for implementation

EXISTING TOOLS in the context of sustainable use of The area proposed to be nominated resources. %'H !''>'' % >'' >'''' '' different areas: '%%,% !'#' strategic guidelines for sustainable >''%, socioeconomic development of the , area: of these one should recall the %' !R >,' %%' '18, Action Plan of the Adamello Brenta ,> %:)R up1'%' '' of the municipalities and the %%, management plan of the Adamello- '!1+ ):>'' Dolomiti di Brenta. plans for the special reserves. The Judicaria Ecomuseum has '0 %%%, '/==]]€@~R=w designed to promote cultural activities %')>: and sustainable development in the '/%' area. . /#51> prepared. THE FUTURE MANAGEMENT .'%,> PLAN FOR THE BIOSPHERE '>'': RESERVE. %||†'> '%%>' %'' >'% are subject to sector planning at the ,%= ',%', The Management Plan has rather be %% >: %%,,% >'''' >'','' '%'> extent of exploitation of the forests be useful for coordinating actions 1 53,J@]R'18- ,>,%,' %%',$' different bodies participating in the '1,`=]=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 85 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda SZ+8 activities relating to the pile- Q 84I3S" K4*

' in the context of an overall vision (See %, |=]]= haunting activities. ' J%' Management Plan of the Biosphere %>>''% >': '18% as applicable: the CETS of PNAB and the ]' %,' '%')>: '.2 '/%' $9)#1>'' Park Plan and management plans &')>: )J@@@ '/%>'' ,%' >' >%%=5' %%= it should be added that the institution .,R '>R%,: %:'

LEDRO ALPS 86 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda and education regarding sustainable information and participation activities %> >''%% '%) :'=,% >% for in the Management Plans of the >''% :')>: responsible for implementing participation is a fundamental %, V '') implementation. ')>:'/ 5>'%% %'#&! '% the architectural and archaeological ,% ''!> bringing together all the public and &', %%,%% '/ the sustainable development of the >:'3 , Ecomuseum. %,=!' % %>'% '''%> regular intervals. %,%'

43N++0

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 87 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda THE “MEMORANDUM OF 1P%&, UNDERSTANDING” FOR '% MANAGEMENT OF THE ,'' TRANSITIONAL PHASE '>' %,%% partner. this nomination for recognition 5'''' %''J@ ,'511 proposing organisations1,' 'JK'>:]@+]R Municipalities belonging to the area 3J@]`' '3' %,'' ''/% &)1]~3 '1!'%% J@]`', #%J@]R& decided to continue the nomination 9'% process (see declaration document #1>'': w' of: and supplement the Memorandum # ' 9'%' communication and the )$, participation of the local population 'V' :'4 9)#1'& # %%')$ )1=!'> to be presented to the MAB &9 )14 >''>,R@) # '& J@]`'>U I:%4 # # ' >''% 14 4 # & !'O&9P establishing guidelines for the '&%, '= 1!,% in the convention for the management A “PROGRAMME AGREEMENT” '3' TO MANAGE THE %,'' OPERATIONAL PHASE %>%%' .>'%% $=#V,'O > ' 1 !'J@%%U&- %1!4#%4 ''% 4$4.R4/4#/2 R'R 4#4!44#4 141/4)5&#45&1'4 %% !!145!41- >'', /8,!=

LEDRO ALPS 88 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda the previous Memorandum of sites of great naturalistic value and 9>''> at historic and prehistoric human among other things: '' visits to the area. # ' '' '%' birdlife capture and ringing centre at particular: 1,&9# +'14 particular value (also in terms of pu- +'%4 %%= +'> +'€ 5' # '' '' participation of stakeholders in - +:%, tional level. The same can be said of %>% ''' '4 :%+>' # '%% '>'' 'V PNAB participates. # '>% '''>'' &>''> studies relating to some areas are %,U >,' +H %, >%'%4 such as tourism or more or less inten- - methods for linking it to other ',)/1 %4 ','.&+ +'%%4 &'.= +'%4 # ''= '> %%,- forcement in the event that the area is RESEARCH AND %'= DISSEMINATION !'>- PROGRAMMES %> )' research projects and dissemination activities and programmes to raise ' '>'%' force coming from membership of an >,' >: ,=' ''&%=5> %' %M>'' are of particular social relevance. 'M:- Dissemination takes place both at arch structures and those to be set visitors centres (present at some

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 89 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %','' )>:' >:'&% programmes linked to them. in particular to the Mountain Biosphe-

LEDRO ALPS 90 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5. ENDORSEMENTS

5>''MAB National >J@]`$,' Committee' signatories of the Memorandum of '>>''% 9J@]R to nominate the “Ledro Alps and >= Judicaria: from the Dolomites to Lake 1%', P%' w'J@]R and to validate the content of the $>=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 91 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 92 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 93 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 94 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 95 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 96 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 97 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 98 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 99 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 100 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 101 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 102 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 103 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 104 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 105 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 106 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 107 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 108 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 109 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 110 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 111 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 112 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 113 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 114 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda PART II DESCRIPTION

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 115 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 6. LOCATION (COORDINATES AND MAPS)

6.1 Provide the biosphere reserve’s standard geographical coordinates (all projected under WGS 84) The geographical coordinates to be #,5#%' %'5 %>=

Cardinal points: Latitude Longitude

&%U w@?RJ?@=~@wJ?? KR|~]R=?RJJww )'%U w]]K~R~=RJJR|? K`@?|~=@?`wRJ #'%U w@~RJR|=w~R`|J KJ`J?J=`w@@JR I%U w@~`K`J=Rw`]@K KJ@R`J=`|~?]| Easternmost point: w]@~J`w=KRR??? KwJ]JK=@?]@~~

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LEDRO ALPS 116 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 6.2 Provide a map(s) on a topographic layer of the precise location and delimitation of the three zones of the biosphere reserve (Map(s) shall be provided in both "#$%&# 84 projection system) used to produce the map must be attached to the electronic copy of the form. If possible, also provide a link to access this map on the internet (Google map, website…)

The map1'>'%% %'24'' '>=

] '%U€€>>>=+=€+ ++€?w++++%- pe

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 117 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 7. AREA (SEE MAP)

Details of the surface areas representing the separate %>.= ~=]=

Terrestrial Marine Total (if applicable)

~=]1U `~|K' +++++' `~|K'

~=J*U ]w~~`' +++++' ]w~~`'

~=R!*U JK|K~' +++++' JK|K~'

TOTAL: 47,427 ha ----- ha 47,427 ha

$%6%'

FOTO

Lake Ledro

LEDRO ALPS 118 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 7.4 Brief rationale of this zonation in terms of the respective functions of the biosphere reserve. If a different type of zonation also exists indicate how it can coexist with the requirements of the biosphere reserve zonation

The proposed reserve lies in a ', %>'% >'%',,=5' V'' %,'' abandoning of marginal semi-natural ''''V, areas (as has taken place in other ''>,>'' %,' human activities have taken place to , intensive use of the most favourable >''% areas (as can be seen in almost practices based on the principles of ','%=5 >'%% '>>' and social cohesion. The area is ' ,%', propose to guarantee biological '',%'%, V,, >'''€ reinforcing the virtuous characteristics >=!'%', , > , '2, ,%= close to the northern and south- .'%'%> >'= ' These inhospitable areas impede QR' the establishment of stable human >%% V, ',' the implementation of cooperation central–alpine areas of internal activities for sustainable development ,'>,' projects. &]R= To the east the limit is represented !'2>''% ,'+ and the relationship of the surface >' '2\' evident repercussions on the '%'U %V,V, settlements and the expectations of - 47,427 ha in total the population. - core area 10% !'%' - buffer zones 33% >%% - transition zone 57% '

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 119 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The core area is situated in a =!'>'' ,'' '',> >'% ,'%',>''' ]`=]=R>' ',' >'''4 \'',= protection of valuable species .%''' and natural and semi-natural ,' '% $>,' %,'= >' The regulations are contained in ,'%% %' '\' ')' ',' of a national and supranational 4'' nature: measures for the conservation protection of these peripheral of habitats and species adopted in ,, '>:')J@@@ various superimposed instruments >:= %U)J@@@ The buffer zones include further %>:)= consideration can be made in relation ' ','>' %>'% '' management instruments at more %, local level. With the recognition of '%, 2'> ')J@@@%>: standardise and consolidate the use and the Nature Park of the Brescian of the areas concerned and relate upper Lake Garda. '''= The transition zone is made up of 5% ',\ %,' >>'' ,>''%, '> %'' exploited for production purposes and zones have a fundamental role in %',:>' environments (in so far as this is ,%' %,'%',' '. /% '' /:/%!= >:=5' Within these there are numerous ,2' villages characterising the settlements %%>' '%%=!' %', ,% the perimeter of the proposed %>'M,

LEDRO ALPS 120 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda for – the protection of the buffer zones '2%%,' ' >'%% + U)') ' J@@@>:> force for their implementation in the standardised thanks to the Biosphere transition zone. With the preparation ' of the Management Plan for the ,= reserve the economic activities of !'>'%% %%%> 2%,2 %, >'' existing protected areas of different %%,%>' :]`=]=R= '%%, .'>'% effects and avoiding the multiplication European Charter for Sustainable of activities or discordant trends. Tourism of the Adamello-Brenta 5'%'', ):'>% present in the transition zones has '%' promoted numerous sustainable most important documents and %>' initiatives determining the roles of those proposed for the Biosphere %',=., =!', '/%)>: have indeed been the object of /]]€J@@~O ''' >%P =0> and the tourism development plans these have been limited initiatives '>'' , = characterisation of the area. !'>:%

Biotope Lomasona

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 121 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 8. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION

'Q9,R RJJP= ' A map of the location in relation to the '%%>' 'O&&, `=]= ]J1%&

$%^%'I8+++U"0 Z8

%' %, of the Judicaria and Ledro ' %'' 0$?J€`R€1 %'% '&/$)>:% the heart of the continent. The map the Convention on the Conservation >'>'%' of European Wildlife and Natural %%%,' 0+1=

LEDRO ALPS 122 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%^%?*"0+0S+S+ S8

,'%' the situation and capable of tolerating %' these extreme conditions. the alpine biogeographical region $H'' ',, ', '' , and varied and often complex >''' %%',=I''>% %',>' >' the changing altitude. Climbing100 + 'V as the altitude increases and the to moving 100 km to the north on a temperature diminishes the trees %=!'%%%', , different exposure (sheltered south- ',>,% %%:> >''= %'> '%:': => >' countless different microclimates. '%%%, !'>','%'

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 123 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '',=5 to exploit the land. '>'' On a local scale one can note that plants in the European continent. '' !'''%:, '>'% %>' %' '%>, >' ,\,'% %'' >'%' %>' '', species as a result of the ecotone. %%,

$%^%&*"0+0S+9

LEDRO ALPS 124 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 9. LAND USE

9.1 Historical

9'', &'%>' of seasonal settlements of hunter- gatherers in the southern area of the /=#V,'> N8+Q[3+ %, site in Fiavé). ,'%+> /. ''J@th,4 communities – documented from · after the Second World War there ',&M >'% throughout the area. %%, !'',' gradual recolonisation of marginal ', ,> '%, >''%'?@† of the biomass present. ','%' ''J@th,= The causes can be linked to changes 5land use, one can note: ',%, ^ % ,'>'' use in relation to the increase in ,4''>''' %%4% : '&4 >']w@, ^ ' has been decisive in sparking off more as extension of agriculture and ',' J@@@= > !'>% '%'> %> themselves through the removal of use and representations of the same V ']|K@ >%24 '&%,. 4 · the maximum level of exploitation of ,'% '%,%%> >>' %,'']?th, %U

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 125 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda non supporta questo supporta questo formato di TIF *]

$%_%'N+'^>@++ Z+Z8%

!', ,%'%' ''> of the same stretch of landscape :%,> (Municipalities of Comano Terme dating back to the end of the 19th . =

$%_%?N+'_8++ the slopes of Monte Misone (Fiavé); one can note extensive open areas along the slopes of the 98 !'%'>% , comparison of current land use and %4 ']?RK ^ '%4 surface area. One can note: the data – based on Corine land ^ '%> ,M'> and bushes to the detriment of ]@@†4' ',\ ,''=# %''4 J=] ^ '

LEDRO ALPS 126 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ZONES (ha) total classes core buffer transition 1936 2011 1936 2011 1936 2011 1936 2011 waters 1 6 21 24 363 356 0.8% 0.8% woodlands 1,333 1,864 8,068 11,085 15,676 19,794 52.8% 69.0% permanent crops 258 215 0.5% 0.5% pasture, grasslands 2,915 1,837 5,080 1,430 4,082 1,065 25.5% 9.1% stable grasslands 218 0 466 85 3,760 589 9.4% 1.4% arable crops 1 3 1 1,778 2,840 3.8% 6.0% urbanised areas 0 0 10 24 410 766 0.9% 1.7% wetland areas 3 82 0.0% 0.2% unproductive areas 318 1,079 2,122 3,122 536 1,161 6.3% 11.3% Total 4,786 4,786 15,770 15,770 26,867 26,867 100.0% 100.0%

]?RK J@]]

$%_%&K '_&> 8 #%,'% ''\' ,>,' :% 2U %' ^ ''' tree vegetation over pastures and ,>M 4 the climatic conditions high in the · in the buffer zones the same mountains – but constant advance trends described above are of vegetation at various levels: ,%%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 127 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >' ''% can see the gradual substitution '% of spruce trees (and conifers the drastic reduction of valuable >''' elements such as scattered thermophilous broad-leaved trees. '4'' &,'' % >%%> urban districts on the edges of over former pastures or cultivated '>' '%>' agricultural areas. a substantial increase in forest biomass (and hence the creation 5' of forest environments of greater '', %'%4 substantial extension of natural ^ '' %?@† %%, %|†% >'4 '!4' conservation of these traditional '>' environments characterises the '%% %' an expansion in maize and potato extent of uncontrolled urban cultivation in the more favourable %>'' =5>'% >'= '%,

A gradual reduction in grazing pressure has led to colonisation 8

LEDRO ALPS 128 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda FOTO

[ Z+ crops and potatoes

Historic use of the natural ', resources available has been the sale of agricultural products. ','> ,U !'>%' ?=J?=R= · the total dependence of the regards recent evolution in terms of , ' %,,' '' traditional continuous and close link recent decades one can note: >'''>' %%4 ^ ', · the consolidated tradition of ,' ,+ > %' %'>4 recognition of self-government ^ ',, '>' ' an increase in crops and relative :' 4' 'Jnd can also be seen in relation to 'Q1R, >, '4 V: · from the end of the 19th,' >', development of cooperative models purposes.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 129 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 9.2 Who are the main users of the biosphere reserve? (for each zone, and main resources used). If applicable, describe the level of involvement of indigenous people taking into account the “United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples”.

||†,> this context: %:,2'' ^ V%, >%,,=5 >, the agricultural and urban context '4,' >'%,%= '&%,! !'%,, >',% ',' %,>'%%%4 use of local inhabitants. ^ , ',%% Water represents a resource common ,'R@ ,,%=5 _>','% ,%%%=5 '51 #>'€ ' heads of households in the 4 V,J_>' ,%,,' &%,/4 · extensive exploitation of ',%>:% '>/:/4 ^ '%> regards the thermal springs in 1>''' %, %,' 4'%,> ,,' %> the end of the 19th,4 ^ > :%, The ancient spa of Comano, used since Roman 98 consortia of private farmers. income in the Giudicarie Esteriori

LEDRO ALPS 130 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda High mountain pasture represents one of the main uses of natural resources; it is managed 8 5'core areas the main resources ,V4'' ,% %,% '%=5' of management have adapted to context: ' · pastures/grasslands and related >'%4 %Q'R · the landscape of the high mountains ]@=` represents one of the resources on ,%,, >''% >, (one should recall that tourism is 'QR ,' ?=R>'' '4' that recorded residents (or rights accessible and their use is based ':' on footpaths and refuges almost %,'% ,,'#

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 131 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %!#!' more than 80% of the surface area '5%1 %,,> 154 particular as regards almost all the · the hunting of animals for game is production areas for the timber market. ,'' '% ' :'', >'':,'% >'''', '= ,' individual municipalities. 5'transition area '' 5'buffer zones most distinctive aspect concerns land '' use for agricultural purposes. %>' !',%, '% >''' '% ,> '>' w+]@†,,%% ' the area. the natural landscape. Once again :, ,%%R >12 !1% Pataticoltori Giudicariese for potatoes 1#/ !1#!= Forms of private sale are limited and ,'', :% sectors.

Cultivation of olives; an example of private ++8+ organisations for the transformation and marketing of products

LEDRO ALPS 132 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 9.3 What are the rules (including customary or traditional) of land use in and access to each zone of the biosphere reserve?

?=J''' ''', level of forms of public or collective the Prince Bishop. Each villa and >'% ,'>OP>'' ''V '''' feature of the area. Considering ''4'': also the presence of cooperative existing resources in accordance '%% >''',=!' '%,%= 'OP This high concentration of non-private >'' use and management is an aspect exception of small areas. The rules %,:' '> ',=5''U %',= ^ 'Q1R '',' >'''' #'1,!' 4'%%, >'O'P' >''>,% ''%%,', of the heads of household in the ,4 · the area represents the birthplace of the cooperative movement at provincial level and is one of the % regards cooperative banks and 4 ^ >'% '> ',%%'%=

The Carte di Regola> established in the Middle Ages and >' communities. These documents containing rules for the communities are the oldest evidence of the ,'! Cover page of an ancient Carta di Regola

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 133 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %, >%''' and duties of all inhabitants and 'M%, %%, >%%' '%:%'> FOTO and bush. All the carte di regola and %%R'! ,>%%, the Austrian and Bavarian rulers ]|@wO%%P= !'OP>V,+ Old village of Rango ', =!'%', ' is extensive: as an example see OP>'' O)V&=/1 of agricultural and urban areas. 1!=& The cooperative model can be 1988. !'OP% seen as a modern evolution of methods for the management of ', forests and high mountain pasture. >:' .>'' ,' :%'> ''>, ',%% >''':%=5> R >''' but are rather managed as a public ]|~J''% ', >%': ''>''% '%$ ',= /2=5,',> '' established to manage commercial '>' % '> '>, ' >''' regulations at provincial level that 'Q1R%: '%M>' %,' '%%,'OPM ',% of use for residents in the individual =!, municipalities. These regulations cooperative enterprises represent '', a distinctive feature of Trentino and ,> >''',% of the buffer zones. As regards the a higher than average extent.

LEDRO ALPS 134 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 9.4 Describe women’s and men’s different levels of access to and control over resources.

Access to resources has changed =!,> ,=!, '%,V'=5 ,'''> terms of customs there are still %%,= '>'' >'>':% >''' '5% '>O'P, =!'%> ''V,= >'>'' ,'''J@th % ,>V'> '>% > %=!'> '''OP '>'%>† for the exploitation of mountain in local administrations:

Municipal Area Mayors councillors Giudicarie and Ledro municipalities 18.2 22.8 Province of Trento 12.0 24.8 Italy 11.4 20.5

As regards councillors the local data ,>' %>' ,'' '%> &,=

$8 activities

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 135 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 10. HUMAN POPULATION OF PROPOSED BIOSPHERE RESERVE

!'>%% '%%%, ,'U

Permanently Seasonally

10.1 Core Area(s) - 30

10.2 Buffer Zone(s) - 200

10.3 Transition Area(s) 15,845 c. 28,000

Total: 15,845 c. 28,000

The data regarding the permanent The seasonal population in the buffer %% 2> comes from public registers. The on the basis of PAT data regarding the data regarding seasonal residents is ' estimated on the basis of the number %'= of tourists present (and the average All the stable resident population lives ',M'% '=!'> ]w'%%% '>'>', 3#%= >'%U

Municipality 2012 residents

Bleggio Superiore 1,568 (668) 435 Fiavè 1,120 (16,052) 1,164 Stenico 1,149 (4,668) Tenno 2,010 Comano Terme 2,944 Ledro 5,455 (37,233)

Overall total complessivo 15,845

LEDRO ALPS 136 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !''>: decrease being more marked up '>' ']?K@+~@=#' '%' ]??@'>>' %'' ]w†'J@ %%%', ,= in heterogeneous areas as compared &%,' '=5 '',> ''&%, ' ' %' %%''>' %,%%' the proposed reserve. '% .''%>' %,%'> size of the resident population in the >''> various municipalities has remained '''> ',' marginalisation.

$%'@%'K+"09'_?'+8

The population estimates for seasonal ' '''' and geographical distribution of %%, %% >'' H>''>>' V'V, ]w=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 137 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 10.4 Brief description of local communities living within or near the proposed biosphere reserve

!'>' substantial increase in the population '', '&% ',\, ,#>'' areas neighbouring on Lakes Garda ,' 5', residents in the period considered. '%'>U''

Jw=@@@

J@=@@@ Bondone

]w=@@@

Storo 10.000 totale

w=@@@

0

]?J] ]?R] ]?RK ]?w] ]?K] ]?~] 1981 1991 J@@] J@]]

'@%?K+8"09'_?'+8

LEDRO ALPS 138 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The local population does not include valuable in historical and architectural ''',% = or groups different to those prevailing This is linked to the traditional in the region. '>' 0>'>,' >%',' '\> '',% 'V'%% '',% %,4%, shaping the natural and anthropic possible to note the presence of: %>'' ^ :5 aesthetic and perceptual aspects %,'', '>'', /. 4 of the area. ^ &%, 5', ',4 '%%'>,, ^ % >'' %,= '%'>'>U

%', ^ %%, !'', %%‘J`>'% >%%,RR HJ@†4 inhabitants/KmJ' · an increase in the adult population ,''' JwMK`>'% of settlements. These are spread over `w†4 a large number of municipalities and ^ ',%% >'' ’Kw>'% '%,,>'', J@†'%%=

$%'@%&N in population age groups in the last 88

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 139 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The Pedrotti refuge, an example of used for the purposes of tourism in the core area

&,', %>'' active settlement areas have centred > around the main tourist destinations : %','>=!' the Comano spa and Lake Ledro. importance of pasture at mountain Given that there are no permanent ''' settlements in the core areas and ',' 2''%> ',>' '',' there is a serious crisis in terms of different area environments described the grasslands at medium altitude. ',' The abandoning of structures =5'2 '%,,' ',> development of tourist activities high people present and the human in the mountains. Excursions and presence is not continuous over time. summer tourism are indeed favoured Activities are therefore of a seasonal ,>: , small accommodation facilities (or alpine grazing of domestic livestock '' %,=!''> themselves and converted barns that ,% are no longer used for their original ',\2 function. '>=5',% The human presence in summer ,%'Q'R in the core areas and buffer zones %' '> central role in supporting summer structures:

LEDRO ALPS 140 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda CORE AREAS · Malga Stablei · Malga Giumella · Malga Movlina · Malga Asbelz ^ &8 · Malga Ben · Agostini refuge · Malga Senaso di Sotto · Pedrotti refuge · Malga Senaso di Sopra ^ ˆ55% · Malga Prato di Sotto · Algone barns · Malga Prato di Sopra ^ #=&/ ^ 1 · Jon farm research station · Dengolo farms · Pernici refuge · Alpo di Storo and Bondone barns · Cacciatore refuge ^ /#% )# ^ $ BUFFER ZONES · Baita Ca de Mez ^ &$ ^ &!#% · Malga Saval · Tremalzo restaurant · Malga Grassi · Capanna Grassi restaurant · Malga Gelos · Ghedina restaurant · Malga Pranzo · Brenta restaurant · Malga Trat · Garda restaurant · Malga Caset · Malga dii Tremalzo · Malga di Tremalzo · Malga Tremalzo di Molina · Malga di Tremalzo · Malga Giù · Malga Pertica · Malga Pegol · Malga Alpo di Bondone · Malga Alpo di Storo · Malga Tenera · Malga Cap dei Guì · Malga Plaz · Malga di Seo ^ &18 · Malga Laon ^ &8 · Malga Nambi Y8

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 141 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 10.5 Name(s) of the major settlement(s) within and near the proposed biosphere reserve with reference to the map (section 6.2)

CITIES CLOSE TO THE RESERVE

Name of the city Location Distance from the reserve (km)

Trento Trentino-Alto Adige Region 27.99

Bolzano Trentino-Alto Adige Region 67.38

Verona Veneto Region 61.40

Vicenza Veneto Region 73.61

Brescia Lombardia Region 66.47

Sondrio Lombardia Region 74.71

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!',>'>''' historic reasons and as a result of ''' the current administrative situation '%=!', !'> %', ' >'' ',= Given the north-south orientation ',\ '8 MM2, demonstrated. Much longer distance transfers also take place along this ' FOTO '%, ')'',= !'%: \>>'' '>U82 and Sondrio.

+"

LEDRO ALPS 142 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%'@%5K"0

'*+/

Since prehistoric times the Tenno area >'%''' ,/ >9)#1I ,'% 0#J@]]=' routes for penetrating the Alps – via %,' '!# '>''U %='8 ^ '',>' Ledro date the presence of seasonal continuous period of more than human settlements at high altitude ]@@@,4 right back to the Mesolithic era. The · the documented presence of % ,', :=`w@@,' 4 documented around Lake Ledro and ^ >' /:1. =!'> ',>'% 2%+> areas.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 143 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda .>'V' 'O39$515#9&& %>'' /))#5#P' '%%' : '+>! ?J~$=, '',%'' '/' #'1' 8+ ',''% :% '$> 1$:> to the Municipium of Brescia (Flavia %',= '' .]@J~]|@R'>' %'>'' of the original Judicaria Summa >%'&%!= Laganensis became part of the During the period of Lombard '%! 'O3P V,%'1, %%%,' !,'+ OHP%> 0%%]?]|= behalf of a King over a vast frontier '%'% area. %+ 'O3P:> methods for managing the area ''5, '', O1P>% and consolidated. These stated the rights/duties of all inhabitants and in particular shared responsibilities for the management of “collective %%,P'>> %%=+ '>%% have been a sort of prize granted ,''' populations involved in clearing and %%=5 example of this kind of tradition at >'' '% ,% %#91 ' participation of citizens in numerous

O;P+ Vatican museums

LEDRO ALPS 144 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda FOTO

[['++89*

public service activities. >'% ]?]|' together. '.II !'':\, '>','' '> ' >''%', >''% characteristics of the mountain '#II=,' '' economic and social model conceived cultural and natural heritage of great at the end of the 19th,,' %>'' %$/2 ,,9)#1 %,' I0#U I'>% '>'' ^ /%+>4 of the cooperative movement. This ^ . %+>4 took root and found fertile terrain · Brenta Dolomites. %,'O P'% !'%%>'

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 145 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda numerous other important cultural 4 · some of the “most beautiful villages 5,P1U#=/2 1!4 ^ 1#'%% 'V'%' ' important castle in the region |=|4 ^ 11%4 FOTO ^ 1#%4 ^ 14 ^ 1!4 ^ >:4 · archaeological sites: S. Martino 1!#=& 1%4 ^ .,1% *Q=9*9[ +'_ /4 8 ^ !'%'''8 /#=1 ) Pieve di Tavodo. ', '%]]]` To these one can add other resources can also take on a monumental value: :''' ^ ./. part of the intangible local culture of ). >U .. ^ %4 #.2 ^ #2&=4 22!> ^ 1#> 1 %H4 .%4 ^ >3 ^ 4 ,%4 ^ 4 ^ %4 ^ :!/) · Pranzo chestnut (traditional !%4 · olio di oliva del Garda Trentino DOP =

] ,:>,/

LEDRO ALPS 146 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 10.7 Specify the number of spoken and written languages (including ethnic, minority and endangered languages) in the biosphere reserve

!'5+%:= ,> 5'' '8! >': '\'+ ''>= speaking area to the north of the !'\ region. the dialect recall the position of the

The “Camerona” of Ballino.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 147 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11. BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

11.1 General description of site characteristics and topography of area

!''%' '>>' representative of the southern slopes traditional crops. of the carbonate central-eastern On a geomorphological and %%',%' %'! transect of environments leading %'' from the Mediterranean to the alpine , %''> importance in understanding the %%:>'% landscape.

$%''%'3+"E++08 The area examined acts as a bridge %,% >%%+% %,,=!' %' %'>%,% >U in the central and southern part of the PRB – %,% nominated area. %%, PRA – %:''%, >%%, %%% ', ,''% >'+> '%%,, >>' %%,=

LEDRO ALPS 148 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !',' ',>' %'>''%, >V, along the main ridges. >% PPB – ,\%% agricultural crops (areas given over >>' to vine cultivation in AMB close to ',% =!'%' ,,+ >%,%'' >=!',' %' 4' ,%'> %>'', ,%= . ''/ ACA – %:''%, ',,> slopes of carbonate alpine reliefs 4' $%, ',\'/ ]?@@===> ', '%'> environments around the lake of the line. These are environments 4'! ',,:, ','% %%,= '== !',H ACB (AMB) – ,% '%% ,%, O>P:' &%, proposed area and delimiting it to the > north.

Dolomites of Brenta The ridge of Mountain Cadria (Ledro Alps)

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 149 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.2 Altitudinal range

11.2.1 Highest elevation above sea level FOTO R]~R1!

11.2.2 Lowest elevation above sea level [&%'6&9N the highest point in the PBR (and the Brenta KR/: Dolomites)

*#=++"0'^594+8 Ledro)

LEDRO ALPS 150 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.2.3 For coastal/marine areas, maximum depth below mean sea level

)%%/: of R`K4]|w' ,>', '>'8/= the proposed area arrives at a depth

Lakefront of Riva del Garda

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 151 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.3 Climate

According to the Köppen-Geiger '>'!’‡]@ '' ^ 1M!%>' '>U ,>'> ^ !M! >'>'‘JJ =

$%''%?++0}++=[+

LEDRO ALPS 152 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !' !'%>' ,>+ >' 'V=5' +@=w] 1€]@@= %%%, 5% the climate of the proposed reserve in >%2U closer detail. # !'+& The climate of the area nominated >' %',% %]J +'!=#%, 1J%: '', % %%%%> V>>% ','# more marked decrease in summer ''% '>=!' 4' characterises the upper Lake ',,' >'% '> J@@+R@@===4' ,,+ % alpine climate. ':,% !',>%: '4' %%' |@@+]@@@,4 %, # the second is a temperate although in some internal areas the >' peak rainfall is seen in summer. ''

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 153 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,'%% For further information a fundamental >' point of reference is the publication %]@+]J O5!U2 1H spaziale delle principali variabili ]@@@ 'P%','1 >%:>% %J@@`>''' >'% %>1. 4 The area nominated represents a # '',' OP>>'+ %,% & ,''= /:' The average annual temperatures $>''' >>|+? a marked continental climate. The 1>''>% %,%>' >%: , , is one of the aspects contributing >' >'' ]@@@%']w@@ >'' mm. representative of the different situations. !'%>'>' ','J.

1 The basic climatic data used to create the %>,'0,%' ' !'5#=&' RR'%]??@+ ]???=, '' %%'%%, estimate the main climatic indexes for the >'! thus to arrive at complete zoning of the area. J!'',' ','>'U0‹ !€>' !'% 1'%= I'w@@' %>'>' 3+N+0 R@@=

LEDRO ALPS 154 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'%'>,''' The continental areas correspond ',% >''''', /: elevations. /:/'#=

$%''%&++0R8HZ+

!'>%1'>' 1 !'%'>'% %',%'', >/R''% > '\, '% 1 R%', from Lauretum> />/R' >Picetum (dominant >''' '>' '',%%'' of undecomposed organic matter in the soil. the Castanetum and Fagetum>'' %'>%,% >'' mountain area. The local climate \,%, >'#I >,'=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 155 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%''%7++0"R+8+

Further effects of the climate on the >' ]]=w'., concise data are given regarding the main meteorological stations present in or close to the nominated area. $%' it is possible to provide a more less %'%=

Bikeriders in Tremalzo

LEDRO ALPS 156 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda R

Provincia Autonoma di Trento Provincia Autonoma di Trento

Bezzecca [698 m s.m.m.] Bezzecca [698 m s.m.m.]

Periodo di riferimento 1961-1990 Periodo di riferimento 1961-1990 ]Kw ]Kw

]w@ ]w@

]Rw ]Rw

]J@ ]J@

]@w ]@w

90 90

~w ~w Temperatura [°C] Temperatura [°C]

Precipitazione [mm] K@

Precipitazione [mm] K@

`w `w

R@ R@

]w ]w

0 0 Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic

Periodo di riferimento 1981-2010 Periodo di riferimento 1981-2010 ]Kw Rw ]Kw Rw

]w@ ]w@ R@ R@ ]Rw ]Rw

Jw Jw ]J@ ]J@

]@w ]@w J@ J@

90 90 ]w ]w ~w ~w Temperatura [°C] 10 Temperatura [°C] 10

Precipitazione [mm] Precipitazione K@

Precipitazione [mm] Precipitazione K@

`w `w w w

R@ R@ 0 0 ]w ]w

0 +w 0 +w Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic

Precipitazione media Temperatura media Temperatura massima Temperatura minima Precipitazione media Temperatura media Temperatura massima Temperatura minima $%''%5NQQ*

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 157 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.3.4 Is there a meteorological station in or near the proposed biosphere reserve? If so, what is its name and location and how long has it been operating?

The main meteorological stations %', are:

Location of the station Bezzecca Tione Mountains Arco Forte d’Ampola

Altitude: m a.s.l. 698 533 955 91 740

Average temperature in the 11.3.1 18.6 18.50 18.1 23.2 16.5 warmest month (°C)

Average temperature in the 11.3.2 -1.2 -1.42 0.6 3.2 -3.1 coldest month (°C)

11.3.3 Average annual rainfall (mm) 1247 1207 1171 785.4 1363

$%''%>*++0

LEDRO ALPS 158 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Station ID Name of station Position in Long. Lat. Coord. State Date of start of Alt. reserve Coord. weather surveys

T0203 Forte D’Ampola Inside 627788 5080243 ACTIVE - TP 01/01/1924 740

DISMESSA il T0204 Bezzecca Inside 633359 5084014 06/04/2006 01/01/1921 698

T0402 Bezzecca (Spessa) Inside 633823 5083898 ACTIVE - TP 06/06/2012 710

T0179 Tione Outside 633926 5100074 ACTIVE 01/01/1921 533

SHUT DOWN on T0178 La Rocca (Centrale) Outside 632212 5097959 10/01/2012 01/01/1975 943

T0182 Montagne (Larzana) Outside 635491 5102107 ACTIVE - TP 01/01/1925 955

T0325 Villa Rendena (frana) Outside 633257 5102229 ACTIVE 18/12/2003 840

T0175 Outside 635701 5112935 ACTIVE - MN 01/01/1921 760

SHUT DOWN on T0192 Arco Outside 646623 5087182 10/02/2005 18/07/1985 91

T0322 Arco (Arboreto) Outside 646011 5087135 ACTIVE 31/05/2004 115

Old village of Canale (Tenno).

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 159 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.4 Geology, geomorphology, soils

Introduction .'%>' The area nominated as a Biosphere area is situated in the central sector of >' ''%' $/: of the range situated south of the >!>' #5/= ''%,= '5/

$%''%6 Geological map of the proposed BR

LEDRO ALPS 160 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda H, '>'%I ': '>'O %P'O%P=!' ,')'+#' %%,' Giudicarie Line. !',>' '/%, pervades the mountains situated >''%%%' ' ''%>: ',:= 5'> the Mesozoic strata of the Brenta Dolomites and the Cadria-Pichea- '%4' >''' Wall of Dolomia Principale rock, forming in '''+ the Triassic era: it is the most resistant of the '%' Dolomitic rocks Permian intrusions and limited >:'' evidence of the original Permian- '+>,'= Triassic rock emerge. !',%', Geological history '\, The mountains enclosed in the area erosion. V%% JK@,' 'OP 'V the geological events taking place >% 'R@@ ',% ,= '!', !'>,, >''%'> '%>,= %'H' !',:' Pangaea supercontinent. Thousands >''%' of metres of sediment accumulated on :,' the bed of this immense sea. processes that have led to the current 5'!%' %%','+>!= '>' The oldest rocks belong to the pre- the alpine area became a coastal , =!',

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 161 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >%'=!' of Trentino into a complex series of >%, 'I,% $:>''' '=!'>' ,,>: high structure of the Trento Platform to %':'' the East and the area making up the of mountaineers climb to reach the >'/ highest peaks of the mountains. 'I%%,>' Over the course of millions of the area nominated as a Biosphere ,'>:, ,+ bioconstructive organisms in this ,' tropical sea led to the construction Giudicarie Line and the Ballino Garda of imposing coral reefs that rose up Line. for thousands of metres from the sea $'3%'> bed. This resulted in the creation dismembering of the Pangaea '%>' continued. The zones corresponding %,%:= >'' !',: Trentino formed a vast plain covered %':>'% ,'>,>' '' beds emerging for shorter or longer >''%V periods. Dinosaur footprints have also '%I remained in the sand of these ancient 0#,9)#1= '>'' $'!% raindrops and traces of insects. important tectonic phase subdivided !>''3 ','% the Trento platform began to sink.

N# forming after the K9+8 +89 the Val di Ledro

LEDRO ALPS 162 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '%>2 ','' ,'%' #'%, '>' eastern Europe. '> `w,' >%>'% ''+% 'V ',!> ammonite fossils. This made up a , ' >'' , Monte Baldo and the Monti Lessini. construction. '' 5'1' >!' lands began to take on their > %%=!'!', U',: Ocean closed up and the sea beds up the imposing Adamello-Presanella ,>% massif. >:%% While the uplifting of the Alpine chain >>V,+ >%K '%> ,'% >'= '&' ''>'' of the strait of Gibraltar caused the %>'', '& an average speed of around 1 mm V,> ,'> '=5>%,' =!' phase that major erosive processes >'% '%,

Particular of dolomia 8#

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 163 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,'':' pointed peaks surround the large ''/: V'' Garda. 1ˆ55%= $'|@@@@@, Considering the carbonate nature of ', almost all the rocks emerging in the >', :%%','%, periods: ice ages. fundamental role in morphogenetic #'+>!: %'=5' current appearance in this period %'V %,>' can encounter large karst zones '>' ',: erosion and deposition processes :' :'> up along tectonic structures (faults ,>%, =!'.% % '8/'' = ''' !''> 1% ,>''%: >%% on the area. Active traces can still be structures of karst origin. ''>'' ]J' mountains. The morphogenetic action of the ,'% >'%%, >'9+'%+ ''8/ '>%' ,>\' >'%:,% ''':' linking the Tenno area to the plain in >'''> and Arco lie. '> :'%'' >'H'%,

*980 3+'?9@@@ 898# '5@8

LEDRO ALPS 164 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 0,%:4`` :=52' caves have indeed been recorded in /:'5: the area. There are also numerous >''+>:: %:' ''>, %V,' Lakes Ledro and Tenno. #= Anthropic geology !'>' The information provided in previous to the creation of deep gorges in sections illustrates the considerable ':=5'>' ' '/ geomorphological peculiarities of ,'# '%'=!' ''8> V ,'& 'J~1. These '>'': '%', '>' '', same name. %,: The area of the future Biosphere possible to understand the evolution %,'> '>''', ','%]] of considerable geological and demo- ethno-anthropological value. Man has settled in the area V%' ,' '. Ledro. The georesources present >,% encouraging the development of '=> resources represented a vital element ',= '' >>% >' 19th,>%

1%%' %%, '''R '\''''' %'=!',' :,%\ 039Z+ %: circulation in karst environments landscape and natural phenomena.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 165 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,= A thermal spring gushing forth at a !'%:>' %J~ 11 '' ',>>''' ,,V, concentration of bicarbonate and >:''' '% inexhaustible source of construction ',=%'% =!'V, '%>' , %%', '':, ,= slopes and on alluvial plains still Starting from the 18th,': :%%,, '+>!> the need for inert material. :,%'', 5']?th,\' =.']?~@ >,% the calcareous and Dolomitic rock '' '#,>'' 'V, '%%>'' for glass production: a subsoil attracts thousands of sportspeople 'V2V, '>' >% ',= the furnaces and abundant running >'>>'= 5'8R' '' '',' >:=>:%' the footpath to Malga Movlina also 'V2= 5']?th,'' 'J@th, developed near : ,'% >=!' >'' '', FOTO ''J@th,= 5'V ',V,# ,=

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LEDRO ALPS 166 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.5 Bioclimatic zone

Average Aridity index Core Buffer Areas annual Transition area(s) area(s) zone(s) rainfall/mm Penman (UNEP index)

Hyper-arid P<100 <0.05 <0.05

Arid 100-400 0.05-0.28 0.05-0.20

Semi-arid 400-600 0.28-0.43 0.21-0.50

Dry Sub-humid 600-800 0.43-0.60 0.51-0.65

Moist Sub-humid 800-1200 0.60-0.90 >0.65 x (northern part)

Per-humid P>1200 >0.90 x x x (southern part)

$%''%^8Z"2S"1.

The differences in bioclimaticJ terms 1 & %% € '>,' %%%! J5,'' %>= '\=

Autumn landscape in Ledro

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 167 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%''%_"0[N[38

,'%1 '+): '>''% >''''% ,>' %'4 ',>' ^ %%'>'' '+>= %',% ,%,' '>'' oceanic temperate climate is present 4 ', ^ %%',%' ',%,%U %''+> ^ %',% Lake Ampola

LEDRO ALPS 168 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ^ %'% 5o:' '>=!'OI> '# 1#,P% /:>''' for hierarchical division into: ',= +w!% &!% !',% 4''' %>'' %,' %%,4 ,%'>'' +J~4'V, V= distribution of precipitation make it possible '' 1 5'%>'''> >''' '' ',%',% according to the Worldwide Bioclimatic ,%4 !"#&2]??? +w4'' '>,%,' ombrothermic values make it possible to

%,5c'', ''',% 5t and the annual ombrothermic index ,%=

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 169 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 11.6 Biological characteristics

!'', in hectares of the various CLC '%' MR= thanks to the great geo-morphological '%''>' %,'= The Corine Land Cover map provides %, O%'P' area dedicated to farming. Within the of land use (CLC data source – >+% J@@K=!'%'>'>' heterogeneous agricultural areas percentage distribution of the CLC ,%, categories – level 1 and the cover specialised.

$%''%'@++0N*N4+

LEDRO ALPS 170 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda CLC – Level 3 Area (ha) 112 - Discontinuous urban fabric 467.25 131 - Mineral extraction sites 3.47 211 - Non-irrigated arable land 77.64 221 - Vineyards 40.87 231 - Pastures 1196.29 241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops 390.26 242 - Complex cultivation patterns 1941.38 243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation 1638.05 311 - Broad-leaved forest 6693.57 312 - Coniferous forest 5307.50 313 - Mixed forest 18289.75 321 - Natural grasslands 3291.40 322 - Moors and heathland 1789.95 324 - Transitional woodland-shrub 2482.30 332 - Bare rocks 1704.06 333 - Sparsely vegetated areas 1840.24 512 - Water bodies 246.35 Total 47400.33 $%''%''K++0U +_@]N4+

Corine Land Cover - Level 1 (surface %)

100,00% 90,00% 80,00% 70,00% Water bodies 60,00% Agricultural areas 50,00% Forest and semi natural areas 40,00% Artificial surfaces 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00%

The Corine Land Cover project of a map on a 1:100.000 scale. >%% 0>'% %,, '%H:% the characteristics of coverage to characterise the compositional '>'% characteristics of the habitats and the attention for environmental protection ,%= V' I'>:%',+

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 171 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 1==J@]@ the traditional agricultural landscape 8#&%>% and management plans for natural making it possible to obtain further in- reserves. %','' !' vegetation in the reserve. ',%, #'8#&% %',,=5, be used to assess both the landscape '%,% '', the mature stage but also the initial or %'>' subserial communities replacing it. ,% The geosigmetum is the mosaic and an important tool for ecological land contigous vegetation series occurring >: >''% '% geomorphological and biogeographal , =|=K

Aquilegia thalictrifolia Saxifraga arachnoidea

Viola dubyana

Daphne petraea

Saxifraga tombeanensis

Telekia Silene elisabethae speciosissima

8#8

LEDRO ALPS 172 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%''%'?"0Y34+

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 173 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda , *#)J@@@>:= %')J@@@ %' '>':> ')J@@@'% '#51 >U $%''%'&!?@@@+ SERIES CODE VEGETATION SERIES HABITAT HABITAT NAME CODE 5 Central-western basophilic alpine 6110 Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic geosigmetum of primary high-mountain grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi vegetation (Seslerio variae-Caricetum 6150 Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands sempervirentis, Caricetum firmae, Potentillion caulescentis, Thlaspion 6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous rotundifolii) grasslands 8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii) 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 8240 Limestone pavements 8340 Permanent glaciers 13 Central-eastern basophilic alpine series of 4070 Bushes with Pinus mugo and bushes with mountain pine (Rhododendro Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo- hirsuti-Pino prostratae sigmetum) with Rhododendretum hirsuti) scattered sparse forests of Swiss pine and 4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub larch (Pino cembrae sigmetum) 8130 Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree

34 Central alpine acidophilous series of beech 9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests (Calamagrostio villosae-Fago sylvaticae sigmetum)

51 Eastern alpine basophilic series of beech 9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests (Carici albae-Fago sylvaticae sigmetum) of the Cephalanthero-Fagion

86 Central-eastern neutrobasophilic alpine 6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or series of European ash (Fraxino excelsioris clayey-siltladen soils (Molinion caeruleae) sigmetum s.l.) 6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) 9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines 91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

LEDRO ALPS 174 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 10b Central-western acidophilous endalpic 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths geosigmetum of low bushes and larch- swiss pine woods

14a Eastern basophilic alpine series of spruce 6230 Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on (Adenostylo glabrae-Piceo excelsae siliceous substrates in mountain areas sigmetum) (and submountain areas, in Continental Europe) 9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea) 9420 Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests 50a Eastern basophilic prealpine series of 6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and beech and spruce (Anemono trifoliae-Fago scrubland facies on calcareous substrates sylvaticae sigmetum) (Festuco-Brometalia) (*important orchid sites) 6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels 6520 Mountain hay meadows 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests 9140 Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius 91K0 Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio- Fagion) TRANSVERSAL 3130 Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing HYGROPHILOUS waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea VEGETATION uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto- Nanojuncetea 3150 Natural euthrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation 3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 3240 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix eleagnos TRANSVERSAL 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs PEATLAND 7230 Alkaline fens VEGETATION

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 175 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'>% %'%- about the characteristics of the indivi- >,'% ')J@@@ the area. = !''>'% .',%>' '>''%' '%'>''' 4' %%%' )J@@@'% ''>'% J=J=

Habitat types: FRESHWATER HABITATS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List (Lasen,200 6)

3130 Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with REGIONAL no CR vegetation of Littorelletea uniflorae and/or Isoëto- Nanojuncetea

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Cyperus flavescens (EN), Cyperus fuscus, Juncus Progressive infilling Pollution of surface waters, removal of bufonius, Gnaphalium uliginosum (NT), Persicaria surface waters, damage to vegetation on hydropiper (NT). the banks due to intensive frequentation by tourists and/or grazing animals, increase in trophic levels, introduction of fish fauna.

Habitat types: FRESHWATER HABITATS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

3150 Natural euthrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or REGIONAL no EN Hydrocharition-type vegetation

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Lemna minor, Nymphaea alba (VU), Potamogeton Progressive infilling Pollution of surface waters, removal of berchtoldii (NT), Groenlandia densa (VU), Lemna surface waters, damage to vegetation on minuta (VU), Lemna trisulca (NT), Nuphar lutea the banks due to intensive frequentation by (VU), Potamogeton crispus (NT), Zannichellia tourists and/or grazing animals, increase in palustris (NT). trophic levels, introduction of fish fauna.

LEDRO ALPS 176 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: FRESHWATER HABITATS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their REGIONAL no VU banks

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Petasites paradoxus, Artemisia campestris, Intrinsically Extraction of sand and gravel, pollution of Erucastrum nasturtiifolium, Orobanche flava (NT- precarious habitat as surface waters, changes to water DD). a result of the same conditions caused by man, presence of types of alluvial dams, embankments, weirs and other events leading, over constructions, increase in trophic levels, time, to its diffusion of invasive allochthonous plant permanence and species, repopulation with hybrid or establishment allochthonous forms for fishing or hunting purposes, water intakes.

 Habitat types: FRESHWATER HABITATS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

3240 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix REGIONAL no EN eleagnos

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Salix eleagnos, Salix purpurea, Calamagrostis Primitive but long- Deforestation (cutting at base, removal of epigejos. lasting stage, being all trees), extraction of sand and gravel, conditioned by the pollution of surface waters, changes to recurrence of alluvial water conditions caused by man, increase events slowing down in trophic levels, diffusion of invasive the establishment of allochthonous plant species, repopulation more mature with hybrid or allochthonous forms for hygrophilous woods fishing or hunting purposes



LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 177 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 10b (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Erica carnea, Genista At altitudes lower than Erosion, evolution of biocoenosis, radiata (C), Juniperus nana, Rhododendron the wood line they succession (including the advance of ferrugineum, Rhododendron hirsutum (C), represent a transition brushwood), bush clearing for the purpose Vaccinium gaultherioides, Arctostaphylos alpinus towards 9410 or 9420 of grazing and/or hunting, alteration of (C), licheni dei generi Cetraria e Cladonia. valuable vegetation/structural elements

Habitat types: TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 13 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

4070 Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum REGIONAL YES / (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Erica carnea, Pinus mugo, Rhododendron Rejuvenation due to Extraction of sand and gravel, erosion, hirsutum, Rhododendron ferrugineum, natural landslides of bush clearing for the purpose of grazing Amelanchier ovalis, Calamagrostis varia, layers of debris, in and/or hunting, alteration of valuable Cotoneaster tomentosus, Cypripedium calceolus stable conditions vegetation/structural elements (NT), Epipactis atrorubens, Gymnadenia moving towards forest odoratissima, Salix glabra, Salix waldsteiniana, coenosis Sorbus chamaemespilus.

Habitat types: TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 13 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub REGIONAL no CR

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Salix glabra, S. hastata, S. waldsteiniana, S. Long-lasting stage, on Changes to water conditions caused by appendiculata. mature terrain moving man, erosion, bush clearing for the purpose towards wood of grazing and/or hunting formations

LEDRO ALPS 178 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: FRESHWATER HABITATS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their REGIONAL no VU banks

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Petasites paradoxus, Artemisia campestris, Intrinsically Extraction of sand and gravel, pollution of Erucastrum nasturtiifolium, Orobanche flava (NT- precarious habitat as surface waters, changes to water DD). a result of the same conditions caused by man, presence of types of alluvial dams, embankments, weirs and other events leading, over constructions, increase in trophic levels, time, to its diffusion of invasive allochthonous plant permanence and species, repopulation with hybrid or establishment allochthonous forms for fishing or hunting purposes, water intakes.

Habitat types: FRESHWATER HABITATS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

3240 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix REGIONAL no EN eleagnos

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Salix eleagnos, Salix purpurea, Calamagrostis Primitive but long- Deforestation (cutting at base, removal of epigejos. lasting stage, being all trees), extraction of sand and gravel, conditioned by the pollution of surface waters, changes to recurrence of alluvial water conditions caused by man, increase events slowing down in trophic levels, diffusion of invasive the establishment of allochthonous plant species, repopulation more mature with hybrid or allochthonous forms for hygrophilous woods fishing or hunting purposes

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 179 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 5 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Calamagrostis varia, Carex ferruginea, Carex firma, Stable communities Erosion, excessive or badly managed local Carex mucronata, Carex rupestris, Dryas grazing, alteration of valuable octopetala, Elyna myosuroides, Festuca norica, vegetation/structural elements, ceasing or Sesleria caerulea, Achillea clavenae, Antennaria changes to grazing practices or mowing, carpatica, Astragalus australis, Carex capillaris, giving rise to the particular type of flora Crepis kerneri, Draba dubia, Gentiana clusii, (typical at shrub level), under or Helianthemum alpestre, Pedicularis comosa (NT), overseeding carried out with selected Pedicularis rostrato-capitata, Salix reticulata, species or non-local ecotypes Traunsteinera globosa,Allium victorialis (NT), Anemone narcissiflora (NT), Astragalus depressus (NT), Geranium argenteum (NT), Hypochoeris facchiniana (VU), Ligusticum lucidum (NT), Orchis spitzelii (EN), Ranunculus bilobus (NT), Tulipa sylvestris subsp. australis (VU).

Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 50a (51) (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on REGIONAL YES EN/CR calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (*important orchid sites)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Brachypodium rupestre, Bromus erectus s.str., Stable communities in Abandoning of grazing systems, absence Bromus condensatus, Festuca rupicola, Allium primitive stations. of pasture, alteration of valuable carinatum subsp. pulchellum, Anacamptis Elsewhere they vegetation/structural elements pyramidalis (NT), Artemisia campestris, Astragalus depend on monspessulanus (NT), Bothriochloa ischaemum, management Fumana procumbens, Globularia punctata, practices (mowing), Hypochoeris maculata (NT), Linum tenuifolium, which if suspended Linum viscosum, Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys lead to recolonisation sphegodes (VU), Orchis militaris, Orchis morio by forest and bush (NT), Orchis tridentata, Orchis ustulata, Potentilla coenosis arenaria (VU), Prunella laciniata (NT), Stipa pennata s.l., Teucrium montanum, Trinia glauca, Veronica prostrata (NT).

LEDRO ALPS 180 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 14a (10b) (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6230 Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in REGIONAL YES LR mountain areas (and submountain areas, in Continental Europe)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Nardus stricta, Agrostis tenuis, Anthoxanthum In the absence of Intensive grazing, abandoning of grazing odoratum, Avenella flexuosa, Festuca nigrescens, cultivation measures: systems, absence of pasture, erosion, Antennaria dioica, Arnica montana, Campanula natural evolution excessive or badly managed local grazing, barbata, Carex pallescens, Danthonia decumbens, towards heath or alteration of valuable vegetation/structural Hieracium hoppeanum, Hieracium lactucella, conifer woods elements Hypochoeris maculata (NT), Pseudorchis albida, Veronica officinalis.

Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 86 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-siltladen REGIONAL no EN soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Caltha palustris, Molinia caerulea, Dactylorhiza Very delicate humid Changes to water conditions caused by incarnata (VU), Eleocharis uniglumis (NT), Festuca grasslands, strongly man, reclamation and drainage activities, trichophylla (NT), Selinum carvifolia (NT), Trifolium dependent on excessive foot traffic and the entry of dubium (NT), Trifolium patens (NT), Carex management. Invasion nitrophilous species, excessive or badly appropinquata (EN), Carex vesicaria (NT), of shrubs if not mown. managed local grazing, damage to the Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (VU), Epipactis palustris Changes in the level vegetation in wetland areas during wood (VU), Lysimachia nummularia (NT), Melilotus of the aquifer spark hauling operations in neighbouring forest altissimus (VU), Schoenus ferrugineus (NT), off a tendency areas, entry of larger species over the Teucrium scordium (VU). towards reed beds vegetation in wetland areas and magnocaricetum

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 181 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 50a (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of REGIONAL no LR the montane to alpine levels

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Aconitum lycoctonum, Aconitum napellus agg., Destruction, Changes to water conditions caused by Adenostyles alliariae, Aegopodium podagraria, rejuvenation due to man, erosion, reclamation and drainage Angelica sylvestris, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, rock falls and activities, entry of larger species over the Cirsium oleraceum, Crepis paludosa, Deschampsia avalanches vegetation in wetland areas, bush clearing caespitosa, Epilobium angustifolium, Filipendula of formations with green alder for the ulmaria, Mentha longifolia, Petasites hybridus, purpose of grazing and/or hunting Rubus idaeus, Scirpus sylvaticus, Senecio cacaliaster, Senecio cordatus, Achillea macrophylla, Alchemilla div. sp., Calystegia sepium, Cicerbita alpina, Crepis pyrenaica, Digitalis grandiflora, Geranium sylvaticum, Peucedanum ostruthium, Phyteuma ovatum, Poa hybrida (NT), Lathyrus laevigatus (NT), Pleurospermum austriacum (NT).

Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 86 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, REGIONAL no EN Sanguisorba officinalis)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Alopecurus pratensis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Secondary formations Erosion, banalisation due to excessive Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Avenula maintained by fertilisation (particularly sewage), pubescens, Campanula patula, Crepis biennis, management. In the intensification of crop cultivation practices, Filipendula vulgaris, Holcus lanatus, Knautia absence of regular bush/wood cover as a result of ceasing or arvensis, Myosotis sylvatica, Phleum pratense, mowing, a tendency reducing use, alteration of valuable Rumex acetosa, Tragopogon pratensis subsp. towards the formation vegetation/structural elements, under or orientalis, Carduus carduelis (NT). of woods is sparked overseeding carried out with selected off species or non-local ecotypes, abandoning of traditional mowing practices

LEDRO ALPS 182 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 50a (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

6520 Mountain hay meadows REGIONAL no EN

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Agrostis tenuis, Festuca nigrescens, Polygonum Secondary formations Erosion, banalisation due to excessive bistorta, Trisetum flavescens, Carum carvi, Crepis maintained by fertilisation (particularly sewage), pyrenaica, Geranium sylvaticum, Primula veris, management. In the intensification of crop cultivation practices, Carduus carduelis (NT). absence of regular bush/wood cover as a result of ceasing or mowing, a tendency reducing use, alteration of valuable towards the formation vegetation/structural elements, under or of woods is sparked overseeding carried out with selected off species or non-local ecotypes, abandoning of traditional mowing practices

Habitat types: RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL PEATLAND VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs REGIONAL no EN

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Carex lasiocarpa (VU), Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Progressive infilling Pollution of surface waters, changes to Sphagnum sp. div., Carex appropinquata (EN), and consequential water conditions caused by man, erosion, Carex canescens, Equisetum fluviatile (NT), changing of the reclamation and drainage activities, Menyanthes trifoliata. composition of flora, excessive foot traffic and the entry of tendency to evolve nitrophilous species, damage to the towards bush thickets vegetation in wetland areas during wood or woods hauling operations in neighbouring forest areas, mowing, foot traffic

Habitat types: RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS VEGETATION SERIES: TRANSVERSAL PEATLAND VEGETATION

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

7230 Alkaline fens REGIONAL no EN

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Carex davalliana, Schoenus ferrugineus (NT), Possible natural Pollution of surface waters, changes to water Schoenus nigricans, Dactylorhiza incarnata (VU), changes in water flow conditions caused by man, erosion, reclamation Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (VU), Epipactis palustris spark off a trend and drainage activities, excessive foot traffic (VU), Eriophorum latifolium, Liparis loeselii (EN), towards molinia and the entry of nitrophilous species, damage to the vegetation in wetland areas during wood Trichophorum alpinum, Eleocharis uniglumis (NT), meadows, willow or hauling operations in neighbouring forest areas, Equisetum fluviatile (NT), Festuca trichophylla hygrophilous woods. mowing, foot traffic (NT), Salix repens subsp. rosmarinifolia (VU).

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 183 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 5 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine REGIONAL no / levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Adenostyles glabra, Petasites paradoxus, Markedly pioneer Quarrying, footpaths, cycle routes or forest Saxifraga sedoides, Aquilegia einseleana, vegetation but stable roads, erosion, excessive foot traffic and Athamanta cretensis, Moehringia muscosa, at length if the screes the entry of nitrophilous species, sparking Ranunculus alpestris, Viola dubyana (NT), continue to be fed. off or extension of erosion processes due Scabiosa vestina (NT). Otherwise there is a to grazing, alteration of valuable tendency towards vegetation/structural elements, transit off grasslands (6170) or the footpaths bushwood (4060, 4070)

Habitat types: ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 13 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

8130 Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree REGIONAL no VU

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Achnatherum calamagrostis, Calamagrostis varia, Markedly pioneer Quarrying, sparking off or extension of Saponaria ocymoides, Teucrium montanum, vegetation but stable erosion processes due to grazing, Hieracium staticifolium, Athamantha cretensis, at length if the screes alteration of valuable vegetation/structural Epilobium dodonaei, Galeopsis angustifolia, continue to be fed. elements, transit off the footpaths, damage Gymnocarpium robertianum, Vincetoxicum Otherwise there is a to the scree vegetation during wood hirundinaria, Acinos arvensis, Aethionema tendency towards hauling operations in neighbouring forest saxatile, Galium lucidum, Teucrium botrys, grasslands (6170) or areas Calamintha nepetoides, Geranium robertianum, bushwood (4060, Hieracium glaucum, Origanum vulgare, Petasites 4070) paradoxus, Peucedanum verticillare, Reseda lutea, Rumex scutatus, Scrophularia juratensis, Sedum album, Sedum montanum agg., Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa, Thesium pyrenaicum (NT).

LEDRO ALPS 184 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 5 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Asplenium viride, Cystopteris fragilis, Minuartia Stable communities Quarrying, damage to rock flora during rupestris, Potentilla caulescens, Potentilla nitida, intervention to install or maintain protective Asplenium lepidum (VU), Campanula carnica, nets, opening up of new climbing routes Cystopteris regia, Daphne petraea (NT), Daphne reichsteinii (CR), Hieracium porrifolium, Moehringia glaucovirens (NT), Paederota bonarota, Physoplexis comosa, Primula spectabilis (NT), Saxifraga arachnoidea (NT), Saxifraga tombeanensis (VU), Aquilegia thalictrifolia (NT), Bupleurum petraeum (NT), Festuca stenantha (NT), Sedum hispanicum (NT), Silene elisabethae (NT), Thalictrum foetidum (NT).

Habitat types: ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 5 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

8240 Limestone pavements REGIONAL YES EN

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Carex firma, Cystopteris fragilis, Dryas octopetala, Stable communities or Extensive grazing, direct destruction Festuca pumila, Salix retusa, Cotinus coggygria, sometimes subject to Daphne alpina, Dryopteris villarii, Polystichum slow bush growth at lonchitis, Scabiosa graminifolia, Sesleria low altitude sphaerocephala.

Habitat types: ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 5 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

8340 Permanent glaciers REGIONAL no LR

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Habitats without vegetation Habitats declining Withdrawal of the last strips of glaciers in rapidly (glaciers) the Brenta Dolomites following global warming

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 185 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 34 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Stable communities Tourist activities and forest roads. Vaccinium myrtillus, Calamagrostis arundinacea, but limited to a small Lathyrus niger, Luzula nivea, Quercus petraea, area Viscum album subsp. abietis (NT).

Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 50a (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Actaea Stable communities Footpaths, cycle routes, forest roads, spicata, Allium ursinum, Anemone nemorosa, erosion. Aruncus dioicus, Circaea alpina, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Dentaria pentaphyllos, Festuca altissima, Galium odoratum, Impatiens noli- tangere, Lamiastrum flavidum, Melica uniflora, Petasites albus.

Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 50a (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9140 Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and REGIONAL no VU Rumex arifolius

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Fagus sylvatica, Adenostyles alliariae, Acer Less snow and an Footpaths, cycle routes, forest roads, pseudoplatanus, Rumex arifolius, Aconitum sp.pl., improvement in erosion. Adenostyles glabra, Alnus viridis, Athyrium filix- climate may femina, Cicerbita alpina, Dryopteris filix-mas, encourage the Myosotis sylvatica, Petasites albus, Ranunculus establishment of platanifolius, Salix appendiculata, Saxifraga vegetation referring to rotundifolia, Stellaria nemorum, Veratrum album. 9130

LEDRO ALPS 186 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 51 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests of the REGIONAL no / Cephalanthero-Fagion

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Carex alba, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia, Stable communities Footpaths, cycle routes, forest roads, Calamagrostis varia, Cephalanthera damasonium, erosion, infiltration by robinia. Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Cotoneaster tomentosus, Epipactis helleborine, Erica carnea, Fraxinus ornus, Melittis melissophyllum, Quercus pubescens, Taxus baccata, Sesleria caerulea.

Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 86 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines REGIONAL YES VU

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia Azonal woods, stable Simplification of ecosystem features, cordata, Ulmus glabra, Acer platanoides, Actaea so long as the same selective felling of valuable broad-leaved spicata, Aruncus dioicus, Asplenium conditions remain trees, introduction of conifer trees, scolopendrium, Dentaria pentaphyllos, Euonymus upstream water intakes. latifolia, Lunaria rediviva, Philadelphus coronarius, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum braunii, Ribes alpinum, Taxus baccata, Anthriscus nitida (NT), Corydalis solida (NT), Vicia dumetorum (NT).

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 187 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 50a (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

91K0 Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion) REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia, Anemone Stable communities Footpaths, cycle routes, forest roads, trifolia, Aremonia agrimonioides, Calamintha erosion, invasion by robinia grandiflora, Cyclamen purpurascens, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Dentaria pentaphyllos, Euphorbia carniolica, Helleborus niger, Lamium orvala, Philadelphus coronarius, Primula vulgaris.

Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 86 (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus REGIONAL YES VU/EN excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Azonal woods, stable Changes to water conditions caused by Populus nigra, Rubus caesius, Salix alba, Bromus so long as the same man, , diffusion of invasive allochthonous ramosus (NT), Caltha palustris, Carex acutiformis, conditions remain. If plant species, simplification of ecosystem Carex remota, Cirsium palustre, Equisetum flooded they can features, selective felling of valuable broad- hyemale, Iris pseudacorus, Lysimachia regress towards more leaved trees nummularia (NT), Phalaris arundinacea, Salix primitive vegetation triandra, Scutellaria galericulata, Thelypteris series 3220-3240. palustris (NT), Carex umbrosa (NT), Corydalis Natural modifications solida (NT), Salix apennina (VU), Salix pentandra to the circulation of (VU), Selinum carvifolia (NT). water spark off a tendency towards colonisation by ce??

LEDRO ALPS 188 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 14a (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels REGIONAL no / (Vaccinio-Piceetea)

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Abies alba, Calamagrostis villosa, Luzula nivea, Stable communities Footpaths, cycle routes, forest roads, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Vaccinium myrtillus, erosion, avalanches, abandoning of Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Listera cordata, Luzula forestry management for young formations luzulina, Lycopodium annotinum, Moneses with major structural/compositional uniflora. simplification, simplification of ecosystem features

Habitat types: FORESTS VEGETATION SERIES: cod. 14a (10b) (Rif. Map of Vegetation Series)

Habitat code Habitat name Distribution EU Local Red Priority List

9420 Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests REGIONAL no /

Characteristic species Natural processes Human impacts

Calamagrostis villosa, Erica carnea, Larix decidua, Stable communities Footpaths, cycle routes, forest roads, Picea abies, Rhododendron ferrugineum, erosion, avalanches, abandoning of Rhododendron hirsutum, Vaccinium myrtillus, forestry management for young formations Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Luzula luzulina, Moneses with major structural/compositional uniflora. simplification, simplification of ecosystem features

.,''- ',%' 'V,' '' '\>'' \,%`=J= >''

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 189 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 12. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

12.1 If possible, identify the ecosystem services provided by each ecosystem of the

!','' 2. Forest (these regard most of the >'' '4 ,%,% 3. Cultivated (these regard most of ''' '',\4 ,: 4. Mountain (high mountain '%%,' ,>' &, previous categories have been .>:&J@@R=, ', ',%%'' natural grasslands at high altitude been used to frame the Biosphere and rocks and scree situated above >' '>= '&]`=]=!', %>'' 9, >U > 2%=5' 1. Inland water (these regard areas of >''' limited size but high environmental %%%'' 4 %%]w?@@=

FOTO

The value of inland landscape and tourism; here Lake Tenno, a tourist destination of great value

LEDRO ALPS 190 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%'?%'8++

!'''', INLAND WATER !''% '>' 'V ', ''>, various groups. There are for example available. There are numerous , %>: 'V, >''%% %%, : ,'' to the production of goods for the %',,' relevant production chain. Some of ,: ',> > %,':' activities and tourist appeal. >,, 5%' '>' :> of Trentino. led to major transformation of the

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 191 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $%'?%?8+#++ +++

'' %%: '',' streams of considerable value in ',%= ,' !'%' landscape. One characteristic feature '#>'H '>'' >:%' ' V=5' presence of spas: the Comano spa >', ''O>P= %'V,' !':,'% ,, extends throughout the Giudicarie regards the environment is giving rise Esteriori. '%:= '> 'V, although there are some localised cases of pollution near agricultural areas making consistent use of animal >= 5> ,: ':'%>', N++

LEDRO ALPS 192 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda INLAND WATER

Service Sub-category Status Local Notes importance

Provisioning Services

Food Crops  High The irrigation of cultivated areas is becoming increasingly important Livestock  High Intensive animal husbandry requires large quantities of water. At the moment the demand is constant, but the possible opening of new stables would increase the demand for water resources Aquaculture  Medium There are some trout farms, which require clear, oxygenated waters. However, trout farms are less significant in the area of the reserve Wild plant and  Low Fishing in natural waters is linked to animal products recreational rather than commercial activities and is regulated at provincial level Power supply Hydroelectric  High Fundamental for the production of renewable energy, which is one of the main sources of energy in the area. In the reserve there are two hydroelectric plants (Rio Bianco – owned by CEIS and Nembia – owned by Hydro Dolomiti Enel) Genetic resources  High Aquatic systems and peat bogs are marked by high biodiversity, due to the good state of conservation Fresh water  High Storage and retention of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use. The importance of the service is increasing, as is the efficiency of distribution networks, which are being progressively modernised and extended Regulating Services

Climate regulation Global  Low The local contribution of bodies of water to regulating the climate at global level is not particularly significant Regional and  High The Mediterranean microclimate near Lake local Garda is regulated by the presence of the large body of water Water regulation  High The presence of an extensive network of watercourses and some lakes guarantees groundwater recharge and discharge; storage of water for agriculture or industry

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 193 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Water purification  High Retention, recovery and removal of excess and waste nutrients and pollutants; deposition of treatment suspended solids. In the area of the reserve there are numerous stations monitoring the quality of the waters, showing a good problems (see cultivated ecosystems) Disease  High The high average quality of the bodies of regulation water guarantees the absence of health problems Cultural Services

Tourism  High Spas, swimming, fishing, bird-watching and panoramas are the main tourist attractions in the area Educational  Medium Exploratory trails in the woods, sensory values trails and environmental education are currently offered and are rapidly expanding activities Sense of place  High The local communities have always been linked to bodies of water: Lakes Tenno and Ledro, the River Sarca, peat bogs etc. Supporting Services

Soil formation,  High Thanks to the generally good state of the photosynthesis, waters, supporting services are still primary provided satisfactorily by the ecosystem. It production, is essential to conserve them nutrient cycling, water cycling

LEDRO ALPS 194 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda FORESTS

!',, .,&#.& +, ,''+ >'% 0: ,%= /8]??R]??| ., J@@R%,= in Trentino has not adopted 5'>'' ,'> > '' 'V,' on the natural dissemination of ,>'%% %%=, >%%% ',\ %','= %,%' > ', !'%% >' states: “Wooded surface areas on and mountain pasture. their own cover around 55% of the !'%>'>'> $&# categories of use for forests (source: double than the national average and ,%'%% the ratio between wooded surface %'U% area and inhabitants in Trentino is 5 >%'%= times higher than the average Italian The crisis in the timber market '# '>' northern Italy. Furthermore, it should further oriented management be considered that the percentage '>'H stated above rises to 59% if one also ,= considers alder and mountain pine #J@@w%,, woods at high altitude. This situation >?@† is the result of a gradual increase in the proposed reserve have had woodland at the expense of marginal .1 #)#+" for Endorsement of Forest starting from the 1960s, the 1'+# phenomenon mostly concerning areas |=R>'' at higher altitude and on the slopes, management of the forest recovering part of the area which man ,%€= had subtracted from the woods in !'%, the past. From the 305,370 hectares ', recorded in the 1977 Trentino forestry decisions made in the context of map, in 2004 we indeed arrived at the pan-European process for the 345,293 hectares, with an increase of implementation of Sustainable 13%”.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 195 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Legenda ± categorie attitudinali aree boscate produzione protezione L. di Valagola

. P.so Bregn . C. Tosa da l’Ors

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L. di

e

n

o

g

l A

z

l L. di Nembia

e

a i V

b

m

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l IN BANALE

a V

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L. di Ponte Pià STENICO

PONTE ARCHE TERME DI COMANO S. CROCE . C. Sera

ia c r FIAVE’ a M l a V

a

n

o

s

a

m . o P.so Ballino L

l . a Dos dela V Torta . M. Misone

i e c n o C L. di Tenno

i

d

l a

V TENNO

LENZUMO TIARNO DI SOTTO BEZZECCA RIVA DEL GARDA PIEVE TIARNO DI SOPRA L. di Ledro MOLINA BIACESA L. d’Ampola . C. Caset L. di Garda

STORO

. M. Traversole

C. Spessa.

. C. Tombea BONDONE

05102,5 km

$%'?%&+++ purposes

LEDRO ALPS 196 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda FOREST

Service Sub-category Status Local Notes importance

Provisioning Services

Food Crops  Low Patch dynamics of hay meadows and small crops (potatoes, soft fruits, vegetable gardens). A progressive decline in forest glades is underway due to abandon. A study started up in 2002 by the Forestry and Fauna Department of APT has shown that in a period of around 30 years the expansion in newly formed woods has regarded around 3% of the total surface area of the province Livestock  Medium Patch dynamics: summer pastures under the wood line. A progressive decline in the use of pasture at medium altitudes and in woods is underway due to a gradual polarisation of alpine pasture activities high in the mountains and intensive animal husbandry in stables on the valley floor. Within the ABNP in the last 70 years: 42% of alpine pasture has been abandoned; more than 10% of pastureland has been recolonised by woods Wild plant and  Medium Hunting (deer, roe deer), mushrooms. animal Hunting is a sporting rather than products commercial activity, regulated at provincial level. In some areas mushroom picking has a significant economic value Timber  High Lumber and plywood for homes and buildings, wood furniture. Construction timber contributes significantly to the local economy (around 15,000 m³ felled annually, see Chapter 15) Power supply Wood fuel  High Locally the traditional use of wood-burning stoves for home heating is still very widespread (around 5,000 tons/year taken from within the area, see Chapter 15). Genetic resources  High High biodiversity in natural and semi- natural ecosystems. In terms of quantity and quality, forest cover is in an excellent state; in some cases it even menaces the biodiversity of open semi-natural habitats Biochemicals,  Low Traditional use of some plants for home natural remedies (see Chapter 14). Not commercial. medicines, Locally there is traditional pharmacy pharmaceuticals (Farmacia Folletto, Ledro in the ReLed system, MUSE) with production based on products collected in the local mountains RliSi

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 197 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Regulating Services

Air quality  High The large forests in the reserve absorb or regulation trap particulate matter (soot), nitrogen oxides and other pollutants released by cars, power plants and factories Climate regulation Global  Medium Global carbon sequestration, Carbon store: 81,000 Tons C/Year (estimated value) Regional and  High Microclimate regulation. Through local transpiration forests impact regional rainfall levels. Forests provide shade, creating cooler microclimates in adjacent areas, on the forest floor and in nearby streams. Water regulation  High The forest system is improving in quantitative and qualitative terms. Permeable soil in forests facilitates aquifer recharge, river flood plains and wetland forests retain water, reducing the risk of flooding during runoff peaks. The extent and continuity of forest coverage guarantees a high level in terms of this function. Erosion and  High Vegetation prevents soil loss due to wind natural hazard and rain. Forests on slopes hold soil in regulation place, thereby helping to prevent landslides. 16% of the forest coverage in the proposed Biosphere Reserve has been attributed a priority “protective” role, while the remaining “productive” part is also managed in such a way as to guarantee this role Water purification  High Strips of forest in cultivated areas play an and waste important role as filters. Forests remove treatment excess nutrients and pollutants, preventing them from entering waterways. Very important in a few specific spots, where cattle dung and urine (sewage) is used to fertilise crops. Pest regulation  Medium The woods encourage the presence of and pollination useful insects, with positive spin-offs on biodiversity and the health of crops. The area of the proposed reserve is characterised by extensive forests, in close contact with cultivated zones. This ensures the good quality of the ecosystem service

LEDRO ALPS 198 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Cultural Services

Tourism  Medium The landscape and inland woods and pastures represent a fundamental element for tourism. In certain situations the increase in woods may be unfavourable in terms of the landscape and for around 10 years action has been taken to limit the invasion of open spaces, above all high in the mountains Educational  Medium Exploratory trails in the woods, sensory values trails and environmental education are currently offered and are rapidly expanding activities. See Chapter 16: activities of ABNP, APPA and tourist offices. Social relations  Medium Until a short time ago activities in the woods were family/community practices which created opportunities for social relations during collective wood clearing work and activities to prepare firewood. Now these activities – around 50% of volume - are increasingly entrusted to woodcutting companies, reducing the opportunities for relations between different families Sense of place  High The woods are very important in terms of defining the identity of less anthropized areas, but are increasingly perceived as “invading” traditionally open spaces Supporting Services

Soil formation,  High Supporting services are fully satisfied by photosynthesis, the forest ecosystem and the extent of primary forest areas (around 70%) also determines production, the level of these services nutrient cycling, water cycling

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 199 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda CULTIVATED AREAS ' %,&' The area of the proposed Biosphere '%%%' ', O+> '> %P, % %'€' >'=, >'O%+:,P= ]]=R' 0>, ''% '. /% >''> H>' %%,%' O%P purposes of agricultural cultivation >%2 >'>U cultivation. %%,’=

8

LEDRO ALPS 200 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEGENDLegenda cultivated areas ± aree agricole perennialcolture permanenti crops meadowsprati stabili L. di Valagola arableseminativi fields . P.so Bregn . C. Tosa mixedzone agricole crops eterogenee da l’Ors

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l L. di Nembia

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LENZUMO TIARNO DI SOTTO BEZZECCA RIVA DEL GARDA PIEVE TIARNO DI SOPRA L. di Ledro MOLINA BIACESA L. d’Ampola . C. Caset L. di Garda

STORO

. M. Traversole

C. Spessa.

. C. Tombea BONDONE

05102,5 km

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 201 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda =8+838SZ+

!'%> organic farmland areas around the '> >'> %' ]???J@@K'\,% % =!''', thanks to the characteristics of the ,+, terrain and a cultural background and subsidies for producers of organic ,: '' agricultural production. There are process. '. !' />''' for the environment have been of livestock as compared to the >+ ,%,'>'' ,' '%' % ,= ,' The desire to offer an alternative to a V % enhancement of natural pest control %>'' and conservation of the genetic ,'=!'' , been a considerable expansion in %=5%,

LEDRO ALPS 202 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ' 'O%:P ''' incentivising their transformation. has been demonstrated that organic 5/>,>' ,% %,'% ''V >,% %>''': %:>' %' the context of Lomasona a master >'':, plan is being prepared for the planning %= >' Large areas of the proposed %' %'8/ %':,=!' /=>%% %'> %, facilitate the process of exchanging conversion to organic farming. >:'' 1\>, %':%,= '%,:

*8E4*+E'[[8 settlements on Ledro Alps

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 203 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda CULTIVATED AREAS

Service Sub-category Status Local Notes importance

Provisioning Services

Food Crops  High Locally there are crops of potatoes, maize, grapes, hay, olives, apples, walnuts and cherries, in addition to family vegetable patches. See http://www.trentinoagricoltura.it/filesroot/Do cuments/560_rapp_agricoltura09_pdf/rapp_ agricoltura09.pdf Livestock  High Milk and its derivatives are produced in the area – one of the major centres in the province- along with meat. There is an increase in production as compared to the past, the current trend being constant Genetic resources  High Active genetic protection, with conservation of species from semi-natural stable grassland environments (in Ledro and marginal areas) Biochemicals,  Low Over and beyond traditional uses, there is natural “new” cultivation of species used for medicines, cosmetics in relation to the spa sector (two pharmaceuticals businesses cultivating medicinal herbs and one traditional pharmacy) Regulating Services

Climate and air Global  Low The reserve’s significance in terms of quality regulation carbon dioxide production (fossil fuels in field operations) at world level is relatively modest, given the local extent of the farming area Regional and  Medium Intensive animal husbandry tends to local produce a significant quantity of methane and nitrogen residues. There is instead increasing conflict as a result of problems related to smells (See Section 15.3) Water regulation  Medium Situation of medium efficacy: there are no surface irrigation systems, but there are sprinkler systems (in areas dedicated to animal husbandry). Currently the water supply is adequate, but due to competition for use (e.g. hydroelectric plants, increase in environmental flows) availability could become a problem Erosion regulation  Medium Soil erosion in traditional local agricultural systems is under control. The most intensive crops tend to be located in areas with gentle slopes

LEDRO ALPS 204 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Water purification  High In the area in question it is efficient overall, and waste given the traditional type of crops. Some treatment areas (Fiavè and ) are subject to excessive fertilisation and a consequential increase in organic matter in surface waters. It is necessary to avoid the problem becoming more widespread Pest regulation  Medium Mowing meadows and semi-natural and pollination environments with a high level of biodiversity, still extensively present, make a positive contribution to pollination and pest control Cultural Services

Tourism  High The traditional rural-forestry landscape is the basis of the appeal of the area. Furthermore, it supports typical products and farm guesthouses. There are some situations of conflict that need to be dealt with (animal husbandry in Fiavè and Lomaso) Educational  Medium Environmental education, experiences of values traditional working of milk and farm products are currently carried out and are rapidly expanding Social relations  Low Traditional activities carried out through collaboration between families, such as hay-making, have almost disappeared Sense of place  High The farming-forest mosaic is very important in determining the identity of areas with a medium level of anthropization and with more marginal farming (hilly areas) Supporting Services

Soil formation,  Medium Supporting services are still satisfied by the photosynthesis, agricultural ecosystem and it is essential to primary conserve them, also by encouraging the production, diffusion of organic farming; more intensive nutrient cycling, farming is problematical water cycling

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 205 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda MOUNTAIN SYSTEMS

!', >>'' ','' ,' ,'% ',% ' =!','', %',>'' , to a detailed mosaic of small plant and animal production. All these '=!',, %%, %,'', ' vegetative cover. '\: .'%> place there. most of the spin-offs are applicable The geographical separation resulting ,'%% from mountain chains also leads to a \'> ''', the mountains. >'%% '''' of great aesthetic and spiritual value. , !'%,% %:, terms of tourism and recreational ,''' activities. ', One of the most important services of ,= ,'%

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LEDRO ALPS 206 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'%> ,J@@w4 services in mountain areas (Millennium '%>U

MOUNTAIN

Service Sub-category Status Local Notes importance

Provisioning Services

Food Livestock  High Summer pastures have traditionally been extremely important in the area. Their importance is decreasing slightly while remaining high. Inside the ABNP in the last 70 years: 42% of alpine pastureland has been abandoned; more than 10% of pastureland has been recolonised by woods: the trend as regards the use of alpine pasture has stabilised in the last 10 years Power supply Hydroelectric  High See: inland water ecosystem Genetic resources  High High biodiversity in natural grasslands and the presence of highly specialised endemic and pioneering species in habitats high in the mountains; the expansion of bushes menaces the habitat Biochemicals,  Low Traditional use of some plants for home natural remedies (see Chapter 14). Not commercial. medicines, Locally there is traditional pharmacy pharmaceuticals (Farmacia Folletto, Ledro in the ReLed system, MUSE) with production based on products collected in the local mountains Fresh water  High The glaciers and springs are concentrated at high altitude in mountainous areas and feed the network of watercourses below RltiSi

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 207 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Regulating Services

Climate regulation Global  Low The local contribution to regulating the climate at global level is not particularly significant Regional and  High The vertical upthrust of mountains local captures precipitation. At local level the microclimate is very different, depending on exposure and continentality Water regulation  High Seasonal snowpack melting is a critical source of water for agriculture as well as for drinking water. The extent, continuity and natural state of these surfaces in any case guarantees a good level of services Erosion regulation  High The permanence of plant cover at high altitude is fundamental in order to protect against erosion by wind and water. The extent, continuity and natural state of these surfaces in any case guarantees a good level of services Water purification  Medium Water at high altitude is generally free of and waste pollutants. However, the reduction in treatment stream flow following water intakes reduces the purification capacity along the watercourse Pest regulation  Medium In mountainous areas there are highly and pollination specialised plant-pollinating coevolution mechanisms Natural hazard  High The stability of the slopes is fundamental regulation for the safety of areas downhill. The extent, continuity and natural state of these surfaces in any case guarantees a good level of services

LEDRO ALPS 208 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Cultural Services

Tourism  High Footpaths high in the mountains and mountain peaks are the main appeal for tourists in the area. The extent, continuity and natural state of these surfaces in any case guarantees a good level of services Educational  High Survival mechanisms and the interaction values between animals and plants at high altitude are some of the most interesting environmental education topics in mountain parks. See Chapter 16: activities of ABNP, APPA and tourist offices. Social relations  Medium The collective management of alpine pasture leads to collaborative relations between farmers. Once each family had a few cows, which were entrusted to the manager of the alpine pasture in exchange for a share of the products coming from milk. Modern farming techniques, with a large number of animals managed by a few families, have reduced the importance of alpine pasture for social relations Sense of place  High Mountain populations have emotional ties with the peaks above them, on which their safety and the resources necessary for their survival depend. The extent, continuity and natural state of these surfaces in any case guarantees a good level of services Cultural heritage  High The Dolomites are included in the list of values World Heritage Sites Supporting Services

Soil formation,  High Supporting services are still satisfied by photosynthesis, the ecosystem , which remains efficient primary overall production, nutrient cycling, water cycling

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 209 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda "$

LEDRO ALPS 210 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 12.2 Specify whether indicators of ecosystem services are used to evaluate the three functions (conservation, development and logistic) of biosphere reserves. If yes, which ones and give details.

'' ,: ', , %=5 'V= %, Their reinterpretation in the context =5 proposed here could be the object ' of future research in the area of the into economic terms. One important reserve. (For more details see chapt. %>>'' ]`]w]K ,'V ^ &,% V= ,'U !'!#,% '%, O,%P 'V>'': '%V possible to appreciate the high level ', ,%'> ,= ',, &,''' ',= ,, '',

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 211 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda for evaluating the resilience of the >>= ,'' When linked to particular species ,= ,==> ^ &V,U' >''%%%, ':> ' )J@@@)>: , >''%,% =!', %'>% ', ]U]@@@@=& ,%%,= , · Provisioning service measures: %% :% >''': :>'V provisioning services have been and represent a direct measurement :\> ',=I' ,=!' calculated in terms of sustainable some use in measuring regulating % >'', as indicators for monitoring and or a particular habitat/vegetation , ==V contrasting sustainable production %> >'%=& \>= indicators are expressed as · Measures of condition: there are %',>'' /'' , %'V >':=' >'= >, While providing an indication of the %, , V' '' timber produced and the relative :V' %>'''> ,=!', , '> :>' ,'' ',' the scale of human impact on , ,%,>' V and demonstrable links exist. >'% · Measures of pressures (land ==!' 'U1'%? production is available for the area %>' V'%% and current land use for the area .,& V'4' in reports on the state of forests. ,' ^ U

LEDRO ALPS 212 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda V>\> regulation and production and V, , service levels and changes. '',' V,= · Cultural service measures: in the V':> '%>' ,=

!'>'> the groups of indicators listed above ,> of the three functions of the proposed %'

Indicators Three function evaluation

Measures of diversity Conservation. The measurement and monitoring of biodiversity present contributes towards conservation

Measures of quantity Conservation, development. Stocks and flows of ecosystem services.

Measures of condition Conservation, development. Indicators of sustainability

Measures of pressures Conservation, development. Indicators of sustainability

Provisioning service Conservation, development. Indicators of measures sustainability

Regulation service Development measures

Cultural service measures Development, logistics

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 213 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 12.3 Describe biodiversity involved in the provision of ecosystems services in the biosphere reserve (e.g. species or groups of species involved).

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Ecosystem Services Biodiversity involved

Inland water Food (crops), power supply Riverside species and peat bog (Hydroelectric), fresh water, water vegetation. Aquatic birdlife, see MUSE purification and waste treatment, census of birdlife erosion regulation

Forest Timber, power supply (wood fuel Forest species, their stability and their production), genetic resources, widespread distribution are indispensable regulating services for all the “regulating services” and for timber and wood fuel production

Cultivated Food (crops, livestock), genetic Cultivated species (autochthonous and resources, tourism traditional varieties). See Chapter 13, typical products. Spontaneous species in hay meadows and secondary grasslands depending on crop management. The maintenance of the traditional agricultural- forest landscape is indispensible for tourism

Mountain Genetic resources, tourism Endemic and rare species high in the mountains and in natural grasslands. (Census of fauna by the Museo Civico in enclosed).

''', %,%' the proposed area it is not possible ,=!' >''% species belonging to the individual %\, groups are listed in the descriptive >''%% '']]=K

LEDRO ALPS 214 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda European spruce grazing areas, + 8 1'%]`= >''%''V, The extensive group of endemic ' and rare species represents the true '+% genetic heritage for the area of the undoubted value for tourism. %%%' 1%%, V '', ,%= %' The species characterising riverside O%P>' ,' ''V,', ,>%>: sustainable production chain. The >:,'' maintaining of a certain share of %>''' local food production helps to avoid %%' one of the main risks related to the 'O>%> ,, POP %,, ,= %,, !',% >'', '>% depopulation. indispensable for all the “regulating !'%>' P> %% %=5% %, %OP ,: %%', and environmental education. >, .,: ,% ', ' 1'%]`>''>' %, groups of species in relation to the ', relevant conservation problems.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 215 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 12.4 Specify whether any ecosystem services assessment has been done for the proposed biosphere reserve. If yes, is this assessment used to develop the management plan?

At the moment no documents '%O>P=5 %,, '%> services for the area of the proposed '5%= %''> 1,',, %' %% ,', ,%, '%,' monitoring changes in the value of the management. > 5'')/1 use. %H%,> %%'' dedicated to economic assessment %/ , J@@@ >'%% % '&%,/% indications at least as regards the size '%%%'= '%,= The approach developed is based on !''> 'V' %% '+ ''> OP%%'= ' !''OP V %%%, ,1. evaluations available for certain areas 1 The complete report is available at the address: >>,=!' '%U€€>>>=%2%=€€€]|= result is an approximate estimate of pdf.

Educational activities in [Z+ 898 4I3S*

LEDRO ALPS 216 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Potential monetary value of Ledro ecosystem services

Climate regulation Ability of biotic and abiotic processes to maintain 1.417.755 euro the chemical and climatic balance in the atmosphere, e.g. CO2/O2, maintenance of O3 layer, regulation of SOx levels Mitigation of damaging Blocking and protective role in the case of 1.600.856 euro events destructive events, e.g. mitigation of intense rain, flooding, erosion and landslides Regulation of waters Purifying role, regulation of waters, recharging of 47.870.576 euro aquifers, avoiding costs of processing drinking water, maintaining water availability throughout the year as compared to sudden withdrawal of water from the body of water Assimilation of residues Filtering role and reduction of residues from 773.290 euro human activities, e.g. pathogens (such as Escherichia) and eutrophic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphates) in water, particulate matter and toxic compounds in air Regulation of nutrients Regenerating (and absorbing) role for nutrients 3.537.933 euro removed by plants and animals (or introduced by farming) Habitats and biodiversity The continuity and functional role of natural areas 6.600.558 euro provides sites offering refuge, food and reproductive sites for animals and plants Recreational value Natural areas attract people for recreational 1.299.675 euro activities (hunting, fishing, excursions, canoeing, cycling etc.) which provide benefits in terms of the health of the population and in economic terms (tourist spending) Aesthetic value Aesthetic and spiritual role, this value is related to 103.273 euro non-use, to the willingness to pay to maintain the intact nature and quality of a site Regenerating soil fertility The soil has several roles: filtering and 582.110 euro maintaining the stratum, absorbing residues. Natural systems create and enrich the soil and prevent erosion during rainfall Pollination Pollination by animal pollinators is very valuable 3.668.495 euro for human activities. For example 80% of edible plants depend on pollinators Total 67.454.521 $%'?%>48w[8*98+ +j

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 217 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'! %>''> %,'.,. ,'%' $%%'>+,, >= O%'#. The Adamello-Brenta Nature Park .P%,V 'O:P>'' V, >'%%% environmental aspects and strategies planning tools for good conservation >'' of habitat functions. '+:% .,%%' >''>''%% >%%%, %'`=J= (PFM: Piano Forestale Montano/ Existing sector plans provide a .,&>'' >''>% ,%%, ,% approach designed to conserve the ,' ', '= of the simple productive approach The data coming from the documents >''%>' >> %=!'.&'/ up this nomination proposal. !,

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LEDRO ALPS 218 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 13. MAIN OBJECTIVES FOR THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE’S DESIGNATION

13.1 Describe the main objectives of the proposed biosphere reserve, integrating the three functions (conservation, development and logistic), presented below (sections 14 to 16), including components of biological and cultural diversity. Please specify the indirect pressures and/or organizational issues.

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The main scope of the proposed >'''% %' of great socioeconomic value the existing model for sustainable use %,% ', \, ',> and social organisation. and environment in the context of a !'H'%%$ V=!' >''%'

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 219 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >%'& in terms of the various measures '' ',' '>'' implementation of active conservation most recent strategic documents %, %%,'& %%=5V %'Q##, of encouraging the continuation of 'I)>:%' +,+% R'Q& %>'' %'J@@|+J@]RR >'',> '%1 sustainable in socioeconomic terms the European Landscape Convention ' '#,' '>'' Trentino Alto Adige region. At local !, cultural and economic activities % = %:'>: detailed combination of planning '%' >>''' >'''>' ,H'' process is on the creation of a MaB programme. ', >',' #%,'> : , concrete form in sustainable ,,% , %' , ',% reduced emissions and mitigation of >'% '4' \ > =,' and indirect protection measures for conservation of their habitats '>: >>>' %%4 a high level of naturalness and open inclusion and enhancing cultural +%>' %>:' '% >:== =1'% > '>' %', '','%% %,: also thanks to the support of a range +, % ,, ,>' ,'=!' social and naturalistic research

LEDRO ALPS 220 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda programmes (for a detailed picture of As regards the socio-cultural and '' '%'%% |=w= >''I)>:%' The inclusion of the area in the >% I)>:%' %,+ >>' experience of collective management and restructuring of the different of environmental assets (see Section %' ?''%, >', and participation in management of on human activities compatible the area. >', 0,'' ,=' > > ''2>' V' demonstrative role and a “testing , %P change and promoting sustainable ,%= ,=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 221 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 13.2 Describe the sustainable development objectives of the biosphere reserve.

The development objectives are in according to the principles of the >''','' European Charter for Sustainable %%=#%,' Tourism; %>% # #? >'3 # @ %, management practice developed ,>' by the Adamello-Brenta Nature J]%=#V, Park and the more virtuous the municipalities involved in the Municipalities, such as EMAS >H,' registration for example, to the '%>' whole area; similar development objectives. # #$# The signing of a Memorandum of the collective management of 9`=~ environmental assets; >'% # ## ,' resources; %>''% # + '%,= solutions for the production, ,'& distribution and consumption 9'% of energy, with the scope of authorities undertook: combating climate change; # <<… to provide for proposals in relation to sustainable regarding local socioeconomic development, directed in particular development in the content of at younger generations; the future Management Plan and along with any other activities /##<#=" @ as regards: work of the Steering Committee ... >>. # enhancement of the cultural The points listed above are the result and environmental heritage and of efforts to include the indications landscape; ', # +#+"+ >''>: farming and tourist activities; mentioned in the previous section # $## &% a low environmental impact, =!'

LEDRO ALPS 222 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda > '''% %%%,% >%:% %%'>U galliformes the Plan and CETS of the Adamello- # Protection of reproductive and ):'% migration areas ,>%' # &>+% , '> %%/:/ # &, the general planning schemes of %% ,% '&%' \ '%')>: # 'R ' ',> development plans for the relevant # %, areas. resources and the reduction of The draft Management Plan for the emissions %'>%%, # Organisation of collective public '#1J| transport services J@]`>% # Enhancement/extension of part of the Programme Agreement %', ]~=`=.RO %'>: P> # 5 10 general objectives and more than ,% R@%H>''> ',% represent the backbone of the future # ' Management Plan. UI0# 5'%H and the historic and architectural have been further subdivided into heritage '~@=' # %'OP \,: ''V,% # Extension of EMAS and CETS >''>:%, registration '>:>''% # Continuation of educational '=#, %'' >,:%' and the public %H>' # &' '',= >:% The timescale also depends on the traditional media '', # &>O# determined on an approximate basis. PU>,5#% The main actions contained in the draft Management Plan include the # Landscape map and mapping of >U %'' # Direct actions in favour of

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 223 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda # ,%% # ,', '>%, # 1 For further details regarding the and completion of series of '> publications of an archaeological/ '''H ethnographic or historic/artistic '%' nature or on important local see Annex 8.11.c. Draft Management Plan:

STRATEGIC SPECIFIC GENERAL OBJECTIVE AREA OBJECTIVE

Birdlife

0% #, 0% Flora and vegetation

Mammals Nature #> #, #'%',U conservation #, > elements ''%,' > , 5',' Management of subalpine habitats >: &%>) grasslands ,> ,, '>: !'5!% Sustainable $%, economic , 5%> development and ',' Maintaining the traditional landscape tourism Enhancing local resources ' Making the most of human resources %,% %%, 1%, sustainable management Environmental education '' Monitoring of habitats and species environmental field $:> about the area Communication and involvement of the population

# Creation of routes for the disabled and research $%>'%H ,%%Š:'

activities >,' Support for international cooperation activities Promoting the role of cooperation Census of resources to be safeguarded Promotion of the historic-cultural heritage 1'>: Promotion of the heritage of local memories

LEDRO ALPS 224 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda SZ+8*U8+[# values of the local area

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 225 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 13.3 Indicate the main stakeholders involved in the management of the biosphere reserve.

!'' >' ''=.' and various other bodies operating in use of the area for tourism leads to '>''%% the presence of a large number of %%%,+ >'' making process such as the one on V >'''%% the summer. based. This consideration makes it possible All the bodies and organisations to understand the background as %,' regards the main stakeholders in the main businesses and all associations area: '> # ''' '%%,%'' most representative groups being nomination process. those involved in service industries !'%%, ,>, role in determining the decisions '%, 'H ,, '>=&, =4 of them have an institutional role in # '''>' ''>' can in turn be grouped into certain ''+> % bringing their experience in previous '5,, %%,% )'= similar planning programmes. %% # ')>'% >,€> participation in relation to the ',== %>:' Thanks to the liveliness of 1!#'&# ,' '%:4 :',% # ')>:' % /%,%>' '€ %''&4 >: # '$%+> =>''' sites included in the World several hundred in the municipalities 0/4 involved in the proposed reserve. # ')>:U>' .'' experience of participation in

LEDRO ALPS 226 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >%% 4 '%1!#&# # '#91>'', ., manage most of the forests >'&# ' %`@† pastureland and relative structures >'J' ''4 5,#/2 # '1%%, >'>, >>''%' 9)#1$ %, '. %+>4 %,' # '/1, 4 8,>' # '51 > #>'€ issues directed above all at ' '>'% heads of households in the participation in order to set up 4 an agricultural park recognised # 1 %>'' 2 %')>: 5?@#= %' # .. />#/% # !R0 &>'%%, processes for the creation of an I'' area plan and a social plan for the role of the Park and tourist ',>'' %%, /,%H =5' %'> ',' the lake and the mountains ,'% %H%U'8 %%',' /4 > # >'>% local operators. of strategic plans for tourist %4 # '3>'' has a cultural and development

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 227 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda K[H$H#++0E++9+j 3400S3S0YS9+j

LEDRO ALPS 228 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 13.4 What consultation procedure was used for designing the biosphere reserve?

%% programme. %%, >'%,>' are a part of the background and activities provide for structured customs of the communities living %%,' in the area of the proposed reserve. >' The nomination as a Biosphere and participation in agreements or ' understandings. The roles and areas %%%%, 1‹‹!‹ management in relation to sustainable >'''',, %%H>'' %,%% ,'& '%,=

Logistical role Conservation role Development role (research & education) NR of the Ledro Alps C B T B T C B T Dolomites and pile-dwelling sites included in the World B T C B T Heritage List ABNP Plan C B B T C B ECST (ABNP) B T C B T Geopark (ABNP) C B T C B Tourist offices strategic plans B T B T EMAS (CdG, Ledro, Tenno, B T T Fiavé and ABNP) Area Plans for the community (Giudicarie): preliminary C B T B T B T document approved on 9/07/2013 EC B T T ASUCs(collective management) B T Family trademark in Trentino T (Giudicarie district)

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 229 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'O&91 '%%%'P reinforces and brings together all '%%, >' >:=I'>' >>'' bodies signing the agreement:

] !'&9H >' %%,% 4,'%H %'=

"8+Z98+K#

LEDRO ALPS 230 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Place Subject Date Municipality of Comano Information regarding the proposed February-March Terme nomination for Mayors and local 2013 authorities in the Giudicarie

Terme di Comano Introduction of proposed MAB 16 April 2013 nomination to municipalities and local bodies

Trento, PAT Joint meeting between Mayors, the 20 May 2013 Presidents of the Communities and the President of PAT

Trento, PAT Joint meeting between Mayors, the 19 June 2013 Presidents of the Communities, representatives of other bodies involved and PAT Directorate-General for the Environment

Trento, PAT Joint meeting between Mayors, the 8 July 2013 Presidents of the Communities, representatives of other bodies involved and PAT Directorate-General for the Environment

Trento, PAT Meeting of the steering committee to 30 July 2013 decide on the name

Municipality of Comano Meeting of the steering committee to 29 August 2013 Terme decide on governance

Trento PAT Meeting of the signatories to sign the 6 September 2013 Memorandum of Understanding

Municipality of Comano Meeting of the steering committee for 10 September 2013 Terme definitive approval of the dossier Municipality of Comano Meeting of the Steering Committee to decide 28 July 2014 Terme how to continue the nomination process following the 26th working session of the ICC. Municipality of Comano Meeting of the Steering Committee to decide 19 August 2014 Terme how to continue the nomination process following the 26th working session of the ICC.. Municipality of Comano Approval of new governance documents for 28 August 2014 Terme the PBR

*++

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 231 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda .''' % %%,%:' %, >%'' ''' 1 Giudicarie (present at the Conference > R?&,',' 'Q/%+39)#1 1,%??= %'R #%,' and involve stakeholders (present %'%H> at the round table for consultation '>U '%%R?

Place Subject Date Casa delle Round table for the area plan of the community 11 March 2013 Comunità delle (with provincial councillor R. Bombarda Giudicarie, Tione presenting the Biosphere Reserve project in detail) Casa della Round table for the area plan of the community 20 May 2013 Comunità delle (exchanging ideas on the section ‘Networks of Giudicarie, Tione Reserves’ in the context of the Preliminary Area Planning Document and hence focusing on the Biosphere Reserve) Casa della Conference of Mayors (to present and discuss 10 June 2013 Comunità delle the revised draft of the Preliminary Area Giudicarie, Tione Planning Document for the Community, also focusing on the Biosphere Reserve) Casa della Informal assembly of the CdG dedicated to 18 June 2013 Comunità delle presentation and discussion of the revised draft Giudicarie, Tione of the Preliminary Area Planning Document for the Community, also focusing on the Biosphere Reserve) Casa della Assembly of the CdG (discussion and approval 9 July 2013 Comunità delle of the Preliminary Area Planning Document for Giudicarie, Tione the Community, also focusing on the Biosphere Reserve)

LEDRO ALPS 232 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 8 ':'> meetings open to the public and/or also organised.

Place Subject Date Municipality of Open meeting with the population and local associations 20 May 2013 Comano Terme Municipality of Tenno Open meeting with the population and local associations 21 May 2013 Municipality of Ledro Open meeting with the population and local associations 22 May 2013 Municipality of Fiavé Open meeting with the population and local associations 1 July 2013 Municipality of Open meeting with the population and local associations 5 July 2013 S.Lorenzo in Banale Municipality of Open meeting with the population and local associations 19 July 2013 Stenico Municipality of Open meeting with the population and local associations 22 July 2013 Municipality of Open meeting with the population and local associations 24 July 2013 Dorsino Municipality of Fiavé Open meeting with ASUCs 8 August 2013 Municipality of Ledro Open meeting with the population and local associations 22 August 2013 Municipality of Open meeting with local enterprises 23 August 2013 Stenico Comunità di valle Meeting with the assembly of the CAGL 30 August 2013 dell’Alto Garda e Ledro Municipality of Ledro Meeting with the municipal council 3 September 2013 Municipality of Tenno Meeting for municipal councillors from the municipalities in 3 September 2013 the reserve Municipality of Meeting with representatives of hunting associations 13 September 2013 Comano !'>: J@]R]K=@@@% %%, '> '>U siteJ4 # %% # %>''!> >&% siteR and another one regarding the # ' ' interest in the initiative from bodies ''554 %>', # %' in the future activities of the '!8>% reserve ]~ 5R|&,J@]R4 |=? # %%% # %% >''3>1 and of a brochure illustrating the :>''> >,%' '%,4 opportunities and commitments # %&'2 resulting from participation in the '1' MaB programme and recognition '8,' '%' J 1 '%U€€>>>=+=€'%U€€+=- >>>== ok.com/EcomuseoDellaJudicaria R '%€€>>>=%=%==

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 233 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda |=]`'%' - a programme of actions for active area. protection and reconstruction of %,% ,'' that should be noted is the /%1J'/ %%,%%>' %H4 '/‡!)! + OH&%P>' )>:%H>) and actions for sustainable J@]R&'J@]`' %' >''% >' conservation (Action C19 of the /%H= agree:

LEDRO ALPS 234 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Public meetings to set out intervention and strategies in the context of the Life+ TEN project Parties attending Scope Place and Date Initial forum presenting the Public forum initiative of the Network of Ledro, 8 November 2014 Reserves and the participatory process Public forum Drawing up of strategies for Ledro, 6 December 2014 intervention through group work Public forum Drawing up of strategies for intervenStoro, 6 December 2014 through group work Public forum Final definition of strategies for intervention and discussion of Ledro, 16 January 2014 possible action through group work Public forum Final definition of strategies for intervention and discussion of Storo, 16 January 2014 possible action through group work Public forum Final definition of actions for the Management Plan through group Ledro, 20 February 2014 work Public forum Final definition of actions for the Management Plan through group Storo, 20 February 2014 work Hunters’ Discussion of the topic and associations defining of participatory and agreed Ledro, 14 January 2014 Ledro, Riva, methods and locations for Tenno intervention to improve fauna

Hunters’ Discussion of the topic and associations defining of participatory and agreed Storo, 20 February 2014 Bondone, methods and locations for Storo intervention to improve fauna Final definition with relative priorities and presentation of Public forum actions in the fields of Ledro, 19 March 2014 conservation, agriculture and tourism to be proposed in the NR Management Plan

!'%%,%> ', intended to represent a meeting >:'=!' %' H>%%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 235 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,%H 2 %%')>: ,% '&%' considerable line of credit as regards '>' '>:=!'' '%,= %>'O%,P ]@> ,]~@ and nature conservation. These public and private sector participants. elements are contained in the Project '> &%'/%)>: '%%', '>'' %% ,'€ ,',=!' %:%, >>%% O!')>:P the meetings: '!#% # public administrators from the JR%J@]`=!' w%'>: ,' /! %,':,' #4 Steering Committee and included in # %'J the draft Management Plan (Annex , |=]]==!'> /4 ' # institutional representatives from information illustrated above: %4 # > # businesses in the accommodation- :>: ' '>'%, %, –'4 %%, # those operating in the agriculture %% 4 >:%% # %'4 ',>'' # environmental protection %%'&+9)#1 U#! %4 %4 # this process also represents # '%%4 %, # local journalists. reference for other neighbouring !'>:'>' M /%)>: %%,% %>'>% implementation – to the extent that ,'> %%,%> %%,%= ,%` The extensive and enthusiastic J@]`' %%' ''%'=

LEDRO ALPS 236 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Previous activities % 5'%% %, %%'>, ,+%%' '%%'%%' to nominate the area as a Biosphere %%, ,=5 processes linked to sustainable local that this phase has transmitted values %%H>'H H,% ,'>''% >'''&% ,9)#1R&%= >'',% These have been linked to procedures %,%' %,' nomination itself. %%' ')'1!# !'>''>'>'> '>:' >%' %H' consultation of the resident population 1,%' ''>,= &%,/% ')>:' ]5':) Openloc project. has organised numerous opportunities I,' %%,%, this long phase of participation '%, >'+>''' \,>U led these communities to develop >''

Date Parties involved

07.05.2009 Management Committee 12.05.2009 Staff of the Park 12.05.2009 Administrators of the Park 13.05.2009 Directors of Italian parks: Abruzzo National Park, Prealpi Giulie Nature Park, Beigua Geopark, Regional Park of the Po Delta, Maritime Alps Nature Park 22.06.2009 Former administrators of the Park 06.07.2009 Environmental Associations 06.07.2009 Administrators of the Giudicarie 24.08.2009 ASUCs 25.08.2009 SAT 17-18.09.2009 Socioeconomic players in the area

8-9.10.2009 Administrators of the Val di Non, Val di Sole, Giudicarie tableland, Regole of Spinale and Manez PkO W k

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 237 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Park Open Week Population of “The future park” 19-24.10.2009    Ponte Arche 

Special meeting for young people “The park you would like to see”    Spormaggiore

22.09.2010 Professional categories involved 27. 06.2011 Protectionist associations 31.01.2011 Municipality of Caderzone Terme 02.02.2011 Municipality of Pinzolo 09.02.2011 Municipality of 10.02.2011 Municipality of Spiazzo and A.S.U.C.s of Fisto, Borzago, Mortaso 15.02.2011 Municipality of Dorsino, Municipality of 16.02.2011 Municipality of S. Lorenzo in Banale 22.02.2011 Municipality of Giustino 25.02.2011 Municipality of 03.03.2011 Municipality of Molveno 04.03.2011 Municipality of Stenico, Municipality of Comano Terme, A.S.U.C. of Stenico Municipality of , Municipality of Montagne, Regole of Spinale and 09.03.2011 Manez

J.''1!#' )%%%,% ''%%' development of sustainable tourism in the park area. !'>U

Area Working dinner 1st Forum 2nd Forum 3rd Forum Val di Non area 23/06/2010 14/07/2010 28/07/2010 06/09/2010 Val di Sole, Val Rendena, Giudicarie Centrali and Val 05/05/2011 27/05/2011 08/06/2011 23/06/2011 del areas

Giudicarie Esteriori area 06/05/2011 26/05/2011 10/06/2011 22/06/2011

LEDRO ALPS 238 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda R5>' :%>'' '%H'%' %%H , to those regarding the Biosphere ''%%, %'1, %'% Planning Scheme numerous other ')>:=

DATE THEMES

01.09.2011 to Consultation with the area by Unitn DISA to draw up the “Analysis to support the Preliminary 30.11.2011 Document for the Area Plan of the Community” 17.01.2012 Presentation of the results of the Unitn “Analysis to support the Preliminary Document for the Area Plan of the Community” to the Conference of Mayors of the CdG 19.01.2012 Presentation of the results of the Unitn “Analysis to support the Preliminary Document for the Area Plan of the Community” to the assembly of the CdG (item 4 on the agenda) 10.12.2012 Meeting of Network of Reserves (CdG, Sarca BIM) 21.12.2012 Conference of Mayors on the Network of Reserves 14.01.2013 Meeting of the Network of Reserves (CdG, Sarca BIM) 21.01.2013 to Seminar/Workshop on “rejected landscapes”, organised in collaboration with Unitn, Tall and 26.01.2013 GreentrenDesign 04.02.2013 Meeting with Mayors on operational proposals for the creation of the Sarca River Park 11.03.2013 Second meeting of the PTC Giudicarie board (presentation by Bombarda) 21.03.2013 Meeting with municipalities, reps. of municipalities and the council of the CdG on the DP draft 28.03.2013 Meeting of the Network of Reserves 08.04.2013 Meeting of the Network of Reserves (CdG, Sarca BIM) 19.04.2013 Conference on tourism with Prof. Umberto Martini from Unitn 23.04.2013 Meeting of the Network of Reserves (CdG, ABNP, Sarca BIM) 09.05.2013 Meeting with neighbouring CdVs on our invitation to discuss DP policy 20.05.2013 Seventh meeting of the PTC Giudicarie board + presentation of the section on the Network of Reserves 03.06.2013 Meeting of the Network of Reserves with Mayors representing the Sarca valley

`!'3 organised numerous initiatives involving active participation and training on aspects relating to the %,U

The Giudicarie Esteriori represent the home of cooperative activities in the region; the +8 Associazione Pro Ecomuseo

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 239 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Date Event Description Apr-July 2010 Participatory landscape project training programme for young people in the 5 meetings and trip valley concluding with a 2 day trip to Strasbourg last September

March-May 2010 Community School a course directed at young people to 6 meetings construct the area community of the future together. The objective is the involvement of young people in the valley, with a view to seeking new opportunities to be developed subsequently, both in economic terms and as regards employment

Nov-Dec 2010 Community maps an instrument with which local inhabitants 7 meetings represent their heritage, landscape, knowledge and local flavours, with a new concept of the area as a place conserving the history of the people who have lived there and transformed it in the past

19/11/2011 Public meeting on the subject of the Teatro don Bosco in P.Arche landscape

2011 Environmental project for sustainable Itineraries accompanied by local guides 3 meetings development from the area, to get to know the most interesting naturalistic and cultural aspects of the Ecomuseum

Feb-March 2012 Joining and participation at various Synergy between agriculture and rural 3 meetings meetings on the Sy-Cultour European tourism promoted by PAT project

May-June 2012 Promotion of itineraries to get to know 3 meetings the area, landscape and local products

Feb-May 2013 Map of the landscape and the agricultural To inform residents, visitors and tourists 5 meetings products of the Ecomuseum about the wealth of our rural landscape and the variety of agricultural products from our area

LEDRO ALPS 240 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda w5''% '>''% ')>:' administration. &%,/ !'>' >' the main meetings held. >'

Date Parties present Scope Preliminary information, gathering of 23 July 2012 Ledro Hunters’ Association observations Preliminary information, gathering of 30 July 2012 Local associations from Ledro observations Storo and Bondone Hunters’ Preliminary information, gathering of 3 August 2012 Association observations Local associations from Storo Preliminary information, gathering of 3 August 2012 and Bondone observations 15 November 2012 Local associations from Ledro Information on the final draft Public ownership bodies, CAGL Discussion of the final document 7 December 2012 and BIM

K.,> %H%,! held in the context of the Openloc '&%,/U

Date Activities

From 01.10.2008 to Series of 5 meetings with the population 30.09.2011 Interviews and questionnaires regarding the services offered by the landscape 2010 with around 300 people 16 / 17.12.2011 "Ledro in the future" conference – using "Open Space Technology"

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 241 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 13.5 How will stakeholder involvement in implementing and managing the biosphere reserve be fostered?

%,> .', >'%'= %'%% !'%, %'' &9 %,1!#=!' encourages the continuation of %% %%, >, in the context of the future Biosphere >, =!'%% involving the participants in gathering of stakeholders in decision-making =!'>' %'%'> ',%2 %V,% '%%%, '&' processes and are organised for '%>% ,' '% ''=!',, %%>:% 2, >'M >,]+J' `=~]~= 'V=

4+8*

LEDRO ALPS 242 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 13.6 What are the expected main sources of resources $<"= of the biosphere reserve and projects within it?

!'',% >'' expenditure: relative division of expenditure. ]= ,%' '%' R= 5'> ]~=`=]]+H ,%% ,'% believed that resources related to 4 ,%, !, J= ,%' ) management plan and special )>:5&>'' %H'% %,' of the management plan (e.g. %' &#1!# can also be included among the '#51 ' = % !'> the objectives of the Biosphere %, ' %= attributed to the budget of the '>%%'' %'= >#% .%' H, ,%H%, >''%' 1%H =!'H supporting alternative forms of > ,%,'5& to the rules to be established in the or sustainable tourism projects Programme Agreement. %')R % 1!#,>' joint funding can be found in the objectives of the proposed J'& %'' 9,' '> %%K#%J@]R %',' R=@]>''% MAB programme and at the same % >'''' terms from being publicised as ''% '>'',' '',' %%%'=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 243 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda This is also valid for environmental ,'%='' >''' ,%, %,€ through the provincial fund for managing role for activities ',#' ,, case of protected areas. subjects. .,%>' ' '>: '%' of the instruments available >, ''' :,)&9# '8 APPA and other research institutes />''> ,H ,', >'''%' highlighting the fact that the area is :' %'= >'H'

LEDRO ALPS 244 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Lake Ledro

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 245 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14. CONSERVATION FUNCTION

14.1. At the level of landscapes and ecosystems (including soils, water and climate)

14.1.1 Describe and give the )J@@@':> location of ecosystems and/ %',>'% or land cover types of the over 1:10.000. biosphere reserve 5%'' The distribution of the vegetation , series characterising the area is >''%%%' '>'%]]=K >'RJ)J@@@ >''%' '>''~ corresponding vegetation units. %']w% .#51' '!/=

32 Habitat types (sensu Natura 2000) (4070*, 6210*, 6230*, 8240*, 9180*, 91E0*, 6110*) 47% of habitats are listed (CR, EN, VU) in the Trentino Red List of Habitats

The inclusion of the individual habitats &,–II. in the list of priorities for conservation J@@w/J@@K '% '''>''' /9$?J€`R€1 habitats are subjected.

Nat.2000 Trentino Red National Habitat priority List Red List Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum 4070 (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti) yes / low Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the 6110 Alysso-Sedion albi yes CR low Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on 6210 calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) yes EN/CR low Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas, 6230 in Continental Europe) yes LR low 8240 Limestone pavements yes EN low 9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines yes VU low Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus 91E0 excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) yes VU/EN high Oli t hi t t hi t di t ith LEDRO ALPS 246 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ()y g Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the 3130 Isoëto-Nanojuncetea no CR high 4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub no CR / Natural euthrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or 3150 Hydrocharition-type vegetation no EN medium Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix 3240 eleagnos no EN low Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey- 6410 siltladen soils (Molinion caeruleae) no EN high Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, 6510 Sanguisorba officinalis) no EN medium 6520 Mountain hay meadows no EN low 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs no EN medium-high 7230 Alkaline fens no EN high At local level the threat can be ',%' ''>' %,+ '%>' the land use map. 5,',,% ,%' ',%'+ ,%,\' :' >', intensive farming areas (fertile arable 2= #+' for the purposes of conserving ,>€ , ', >%'%=

++*U9+9 ++#

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 247 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.1.2 Describe the state and trends of , the ecosystems and/or land cover types 'OP' described above and the natural and >: human drivers of the trends preparing the Management Plan for !'>'>' '=

SERIE VEGETATION SERIES TREND HUMAN DRIVERS NATURAL S DRIVERS CODE 5 Central-western basophilic Generally Changes in traditional practices, Climate change, alpine geosigmetum of primary stable abandoning of mowing high in the with effects high-mountain vegetation (negative for mountains and limited or badly extending to all former distributed grazing, entry of nitrophilous types of mowing species vegetation, but meadows at particularly clear high altitude) in vegetation at high altitude 13 Central-eastern basophilic Stable Ecosystem not subject to significant In stable alpine series of bushes with pressure, except for local bush clearing conditions, natural mountain pine with scattered for grazing and/or hunting purposes trend towards sparse forests of Swiss pine forest coenosis and larch

34 Central alpine acidophilous Stable Ecosystem not subject to significant Stable series of beech pressure communities but limited to a small area 51 Eastern alpine basophilic series Stable Ecosystem subject to progressive Stable of beech (positive) improvement in management (structure communities and composition)

86 Central-eastern Negative Historic substitution of woods with crop Azonal woods, neutrobasophilic alpine series cultivation areas, selective felling of stable when of European ash (Fraxino valuable broad-leaved trees, conditions remain excelsioris sigmetum s.l.) introduction of conifer trees, diffusion of the same; very Also includes humid valley floor invasive allochthonous species, delicate humid grasslands changes to water conditions caused by grasslands, man, banalisation due to intensive strongly fertilisation (particularly sewage), dependent on intensification of crop cultivation management. practices, bush/wood cover as a result Variations in the of ceasing or reducing use, under or level of the aquifer overseeding carried out with selected species or non-local ecotypes

LEDRO ALPS 248 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda pyp 10b Central-western acidophilous Positive evolution of biocoenosis due to the Natural trend endalpic geosigmetum of low abandoning of traditional practices, towards forest, at bushes and larch-Swiss pine bush clearing for grazing and/or altitudes below the woods hunting purposes wood line 14a Eastern basophilic alpine Essentially Alteration of the secondary Forests are stable series of spruce. Also includes stable, wood/grassland mosaic due to the ecosystems. In the secondary grasslands and slightly abandoning of grazing systems, limited absence of pasture negative for or poorly distributed grazing management secondary practices, grasslands secondary grasslands naturally evolve into woods 50a Eastern basophilic prealpine Essentially Alteration of the secondary Forests are stable series of beech and spruce. stable, ma wood/grassland mosaic due to the ecosystems. Also includes mountain hay negative for abandoning of grazing systems. Climate change meadows and dry meadows secondary Bush/wood cover as a result of ceasing can lead to grasslands or reducing use, abandoning of compositional traditional mowing practices. changes in woods. Banalisation of valley floor grasslands In the absence of due to intensive fertilisation (particularly management sewage), under or overseeding carried practices, out with selected species or non-local secondary ecotypes. Invasion of allochthonous grasslands species in marginal wooded areas naturally evolve into woods TRANSVERSAL HYGROPHILOUS Historically Pollution/removal of surface waters, Progressive VEGETATION negative, increase in trophic levels, introduction infilling of lakes, currently of fish fauna, presence of dams, flooding recovering. embankments, weirs and other Some critical constructions, diffusion of invasive aspects allochthonous plant species remain TRANSVERSAL PEATLAND Historically Changes to water conditions caused by Progressive VEGETATION negative, man with reclamation and drainage infilling and currently activities, pollution of surface waters, consequential subject entry of nitrophilous species trend towards rigorous forestation protection

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 249 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !' peaks. '>' !', 4%, OHP, natural habitats at high altitude %,+' ':,% '%, %:'$ >''V 'R]~R management to conserve their ===+' essential characteristics. The crisis in >', the traditional socioeconomic model >>% often leads to the disappearance agricultural areas and human +'>'' settlements. %,' Dolomitic environments at high %,=# ,,> areas experience abandonment ', and spontaneous reforestation. natural nature. The factors most Other areas are converted to more \' intensive management methods. are considered to be natural !',, %'' \,' ' are therefore subject to various forms >''O' >'' P changing methods for managing the the detriment of habitats on mountain area.

*+#*9+8SI

LEDRO ALPS 250 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.1.3 What kind of protection )J@@@ regimes (including customary R=R4$?J€`R€14 and traditional) exist for the $J@@?€]`~€1M' core area(s) and the buffer $~?€`@?€ zone(s)? 1: habitats and species of particular !'>''O/% %O, 3P%' P=#%, is subject to provincial or municipal $Jw?€J@]] planning restrictions: provide a detailed series of # the Provincial Planning Scheme 1)#8!5)&#9# ''% %' '#15#= %',, # />/=]] %4 J@@~O& # the Provincial Planning Scheme is > the planning document covering %P>: '>' >' has the role of landscape plan. – management of forests and $%R=`= protected areas (including the # '%'1, O#\ 8,'%' \P'O. of the municipalities set out and P= %%,' # /=|]??RO Scheme in detail at local level % % P %,>''% # /=w]??KO %,'>= for environmental protection in # >'' 'P ):% # /=]?J@]JO planning schemes are substituted %+P ,':= ,'>: 5' %'> %'>, diagram: %' relevance: # The provisions and resolutions >'>'''% government has implemented European and national regulations

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 251 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda SAFEGUARDING OF CORE AREAS AND BUFFER ZONES

/5&5)—)/—#5#U',%'gical PPS '''tics of the (Provincial Planning , Scheme)

PRECONDITIONS Article 28 Article 25 Article 26 Article 8 0', Articles14, 15, 16 )J@@@ Nature Park and 5 R?`@ :% >: areas 2> PROVISIONS

Conservation of The Brenta Planning regulations 5:,, 5 natural and semi- Dolomites for provincial nature the construction/installation ''', natural flora and 9)#1I0# parks are of special structures risk ALL URBAN >' '#15€# ',' designed for civil protection DEVELOPMENT AND 5!R]J@@?R respective park =%= CONSTRUCTION 5!R]J@@?K plans ACTIVITIES ARE 52> (corresponding PROHIBITED Provincial ONLY ACTIVITIES AND >''' )R#PARK Government WORKS > S PLAN includes the L Jw?€J@]] , O in the list of northern core area in O establishes general environmental improvement T S INVARIANT ,% G N and specific or USEFUL for the 5N 5O D T AREAS d C CONSERVATION designated role of the area A n 5 %, 9 a MEASURES for G T are permitted E S IMPLEMENTATION F E each NATURA 2000 A RULES S 5N ' A species M

SUBORDINATED PLANNING AT '1 Municipal planning ., LOCAL LEVEL implements and 8 schemes %/]]€J@@~ applies the above in detail, through:

The conservation and safeguarding motorised aircraft of all core areas and buffer zones # ban on camping ,'> # %\ measures: geological elements # ' ,OP .'> # , development and changes in land %:V use are provided for. # %' related access # \,'>'

LEDRO ALPS 252 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda BAN REGULATORY DESCRIPTION CORE BUFFER RESTRICTION REFERENCES

Elements in the area making up the distinguishing '', | >''%%'%>''' implementation led to their identification. This takes concrete form in aban on INVARIANT rules of the ]@@† ~|† ,''=5'% provincial planning '>''' scheme >'#15€#')J@@@>: >''˜9)#1$˜I0#=

A]`]w]K 5>'''',: implementation %%' rules of the K|† R~† >''%>: provincial planning to reduce or eliminate the risk. scheme

J| 5'',':,= implementation construction is prohibited>''% rules of the |† ]K† ','= provincial planning scheme

`@ 5>%%'>'' implementation %>: BAN ON rules of the ]R† `J† ,%' CONSTRUCTION , provincial planning ,= URBAN scheme DEVELOPMENT AND R? TRANSFORMATIO implementation N OF LAND USE On pastureland construction is prohibited=,>:: rules of the ]]† w† ',',%= provincial planning scheme

#%,'>>:%' >''':U +'4 +>>:4 +%>4 +>V%%>,:4 w +'+%4 implementation +'%+4 ~|† `@† rules of the Park +>>:4 ) +>%'4 +'>%:4 +>'''%> '4 +'%:4 - caravan and camper van parks.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 253 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda BAN REGULATORY DESCRIPTION CORE BUFFER RESTRICTION REFERENCES

!''%'>'' %'%, ]@@/ 100% 100% 2%% ]]J@@~ those authorized.

%'>'''(including mountain JJ/ | 100% 100% :is prohibited. ]??R REGULATION OF ROADS, FOOTPATHS AND RELATIVE #%,'>>:%'>'' ACCESSIBILITY confines of the Park: +>'4 w +>%'%,%'%,%, implementation ':4 ~|† `@† rules of the Park +'>>'' ) :4 +'''V'' competitions or motor vehicle events.

5'' %%'>%'U +:,'at an 'w@@'>'%: %'!'# ):4',''% BAN ON FLYING %'%,'= OVER THE AREA - the taking off and landing of motorised aircraft in all remaining areas in the A]/ w WITH 100% 100% %]K@@ ]??K MOTORISED ,'>''R@@ AIRCRAFT '=!','' %%'% ,'= - '%:'%%%'+:4 !'%%,'% %==

5%'>' except in open-air accommodation facilities and open-air spaces set aside f BAN ON ~/ ]? 4>''%,%'a 100% 100% CAMPING J@]J >,+'>''%,' authorities.

LEDRO ALPS 254 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda BAN REGULATORY DESCRIPTION CORE BUFFER NOTES RESTRICTION REFERENCES

!'%%, throughout the province at Natura J@@@>: sites. The .'')J@@@>:'%d $ Jw? percentage refers ,%%'?J€`R€1 ]@@† ~|† J@]] to the surface area ~?€`@?€1?J€`R€1= of the core area and buffer zones , >''#15 and/or SPAs.

'','% ',%%'% %=5%,%', %:'%%% Jw/ %,%%€% 100% 100% ]]J@@~ ''/'==.%% >'', %''V,%:' SAFEGUARDIN according to special rules. G OF FLORA, FAUNA AND GEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS 5%':,%'e fauna or parts of fauna belonging to protected animal %,%=5 JK/ 100% 100% Š' ]]J@@| larvae and adults of these species. Furthermore it is forbidden to collect or capture amphibian eggs and tadpoles.

#%,'>>:%' >''':: +'%>: '4 +:'%'4 +%','4 !'%%, +>:%,4 w ,' - the setting up of illuminated signs and fixed lighting implementation Adamello Brenta ~|† `@† ,4 rules of the Park Nature Park (core +:+'4 ) area and northern +''%+''%, 2= V%%4 +%, ,%:%>4 +'4 +',>=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 255 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda $ +9Z++#++ 9

LEDRO ALPS 256 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !'>''> >'% the main characteristics of the three management aspects.

NORTHERN CORE AREA

Name: BRENTA DOLOMITES species exclusive to the area and/or ,%'%= Description: The site is situated in one of the most majestic chains of Habitats')J@@@ '$>' given in brackets as detailed in section >'%\ ]]=KU and vegetation that is differentiated in # >> ',= R]R@RJJ@~JR@ ': # `@K@`@~@ ''' # %%K]~@ the steepness of the slopes and the KJ]@KJR@ =!' # :,|]J@|]K@ site is of considerable interest due |J]@|J`@ to the presence and reproduction # +>?]R@?]`@ % ?]w@ important glacial relicts and plant # >?`]@?`J@

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 257 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Species: >' # 1,%%/= %, # ,,12#%= ,%P=5% %=/,==I= national and European regulations Ball )J@@@ # Gentiana brentae Prosser & $Jw?€J@]] Bertolli of conservation measures for the # 0'/=== '%'#15€# # 0,8= >''%: %'’ to avoid: # 0,%'' # /','%',/= # loss of habitats (reduction in # Nigritella buschmanniae Teppner & Ster ,'' # == &,–#' # pollution (due to the accumulation # #,3V= of substances in the environment # V', '%' # ,% diffusion of pathogens # Lagopus muta helvetica # %,'% # /,, > # 9 =,' behaviour/activities harmful to Conservation measures: “the main fauna H>' # removal and trading of species doubt to maintain the high level of # introduction of exotic species. ,' >',

LEDRO ALPS 258 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda CENTRAL CORE AREA

Name: PICHEA-ROCCHETTA RIDGE Habitats: # `@K@`@~@ Description: An alpine ridge made # %%K]~@ %%:, KJ]@KJR@ %>' # %%|]J@ valuable range of endemic plant |J]@ %=5', # +>?]R@?]`@ %>' ?]_@ centring on the foothills of the Lombard Alps reach the eastern limit Species: of their distribution here. The classic # 1,%% 0,%'' # 0,%'' >''=!' # Saxifraga tombeanensis # V', %, # Glaucidium passerinum medium-long range migrating birdlife # Lanius collurio in the late summer and autumn (post- # Pernis apivorus %=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 259 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Conservation measures: “the $Jw?€J@]] main management objective is to of conservation measures for the >'% habitats and species recorded in this ' #15€#,U # prevent erosion and the ''', , ,, %' 2P=5 ,% the advance of bushes above all % >'% the disturbance from trampling in ==0,%'' >'% and species in the red list. The '>: need to avoid the picking of plants ,' , routes 1,%% # ,>2 Saxifraga tombeanensis. As regards %, ' 4 ,' # >' ,>%: %4 >''> # ban the collection of endemic V,,' and protected species or those >=5% ',% European regulations regarding above all of scree and rock )J@@@ environments.

LEDRO ALPS 260 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda SOUTHERN CORE AREA

Habitats: Name: BOCCA DI CASET # `@K@`@~@ # %%K]~@ Description:%% # :,|]J@ >'',> |J]@ %',' # +>?]R@?]`@ mountain area favours extensive # >?`]@ ,'%+ reproductive period. Species: Bocca di Caset is the most important # Daphne petraea pass in the foothills of the Trentino # Barbastella barbastellus Alps in terms of the passage of # Plecotus auritus ,=5'% # Eptesicus serotinus ''%: # Tadarida teniotis conditions and old grazing practices # Aegolius funereus '>'' # V', %%,:, # Bonasa bonasia rich in endemic plant species centring # Caprimulgus europaeus >,= # 1,

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 261 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda # 1%, all in relation to Daphne petraea. # Columba palumbus # Falco columbarius 5%% # Lullula arborea )J@@@ # Ficedula albicollis $Jw?€J@]] # $,% list a detailed series of conservation # Emberiza hortulana measures for the habitats and species # Glaucidium passerinum '#15€#, # Lanius collurio designed to: # Pernis apivorus # prevent erosion and the # Picus canus , # Scolopax rustica %' # Tetrao tetrix tetrix ,% # Tetrao urogallus % the disturbance from trampling in Conservation measures: “the >'% main management objective is to '>: favour the stopping off and transit of ,' ,, routes ''P=5 # ,>2 %'> %, infrastructures or forest roads is 4 =5 # >' contain natural forestation on open %4 ridge areas and to limit disturbance as # ban the collection of endemic '%%, and protected species or those > ',% periods. The need to avoid the picking above all of scree and rock %, environments.

THE REVIEW OF THE ADAMELLO-BRENTA NATURE PARK IN RELATION TO THE SETTING UP OF THE PBR The planning and overall activities of the Ente Parco Naturale Adamello M):+)' fundamental principle of seeking to reconcile activities in the area and ', %%=5'')% %%,=!'> ,%'>''%:]?||V, %':%%]???, V>= !'>%',

LEDRO ALPS 262 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda :%'%%++>''' >:=!'>':$ J@@?>,%%,'&1>' =]JJ@3J@]`=!'%V' %':>'''>'' can be considered to be: # '%')J@@@>:' #15#':%'' %%'H,4 # ''$'9)#1I0#J@@? RR1&|=K''+%' %'4 # '''>''%%%' = 5'':% '%% %%%,>''' 9)#1&%''%'= 5%'%'% '%,]`=]R=!'> %%')J@@@= .''%O5P5% =''O5JP5`=J %,>''1'>''' :='''$)= *|=]J= !''%>,'> Park Plan also transposes and integrates the zoning and regulations resulting '%)J@@@€9)#1= >''%%%' a member of the Steering Committee the Park represents an instrument for %'%%, %,'''1 Buffer Zone and sustainable development in relation to the Transition Area '=5'%' %':'%' ,'%%> activities on general issues linked to the environment. As can be seen in the &'|=]]=':R %>'% organic programme of sustainable local development actions throughout ','>''' %,'%%=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 263 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.1.4 Which indicators or · annual census of high mountain data are used to assess the :%: !> >= strategy used? ''> 5')>' millennium an extensive project for ,%% the mapping of habitats (according %'/ )J@@@>% %>%]+ >'#51*#'' w+]@,%'% Trentino. The project provided for >''2 the detailed location of habitats on a '%%,H ]U]@=@@@ the census. their state of conservation and the '1 %>,' Special Protection Area site (core habitat and site. The monitoring '''' provides for periodic comparison 'V of surface areas and state of activities for migrating species in the conservation. %+%%4 .,'H J@,',' to management planning (forest ,&9# ,>'% J@J@, >'''' ,= evolution of various parameters ', % ''% structure and the effect of '' management practices. ':' Since the beginning of the millennium ,'#! numerous species have been the 14', object of detailed investigative ,'' ,V date back to 1989. ,!R%%, >'% ')J@@@>:=!' studies include: · periodic monitoring of birdlife linked '. /% %4 · monitoring of spring migration of %''. % ^ ,'%'>'+ >,'4

LEDRO ALPS 264 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.2 At the level of species and ecosystem diversity

14.2.1 Identify main groups of species or species of particular interest for the conservation objectives, especially those that are endemic to this biosphere reserve, and provide a brief description of the communities in which they occur 3Z9+ I%V, in the Ledro area, takes its name from Monte '%,' 9 the proposed BR >:> the basis of the reappearance in the ,%% , >''OP'Saxifraga >'=!': tombeanensis,>' ', &!% '=5 ''' ', Daphne petraea'55$= V',' ?J€`R€1Gentiana brentae (a >'2% >%, an important area of expansion from the researchers of the Museo Civico ')>''' J@@|= %', >>>''% ',%% \ ,'' of conservation. For further details >= 'w=]w=J= #,'' %OP>'%' FLORA sub-Mediterranean environment is !'%'' %,''', ''% \% '%:%, above all as regards the number of \=5 %:' the peak in stenoendemic species is Giudicarie and Ledro area one of ''%' the richest in the Alps in terms of ''> \=!' Lombardia and Trentino.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 265 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 4+++E++0 highlighted

On a more detailed scale it can '%'% be noted that the concentration of '>'% endemic species reaches one of of Trento and Brescia. %:%,'

$%'7%'K++9U %ƒ3"%9+8w" 3U4N0%++0

LEDRO ALPS 266 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The area of the proposed Judicaria ]@%% /' Flora Alpina (Aeschimann et al. %'R`+ J@@`V> %'> taken into consideration in the steno- =,' ,=

Specie Distribution Nigritella buschmanniae Trentino Gentiana brentae Trentino Festuca austrodolomitica Trentino Erysimum sylvestre subsp. aurantiacum Trentino Aquilegia thalictrifolia Trentino, Lombardia Centaurea rhaetica Trentino, Lombardia Daphne petraea Trentino, Lombardia Daphne reichsteinii Trentino, Lombardia Euphorbia variabilis Trentino, Lombardia Gentianella engadinensis Trentino, Lombardia Laserpitium nitidum Trentino, Lombardia Ranunculus bilobus Trentino, Lombardia Saxifraga arachnoidea Trentino, Lombardia Scabiosa vestina Trentino, Lombardia Silene elisabethae Trentino, Lombardia Telekia speciosissima Trentino, Lombardia Viola dubyana Trentino, Lombardia Carex baldensis Central-Eastern Alps Crepis froelichiana Central-Eastern Alps Dianthus monspessulanus subsp. waldsteinii Central-Eastern Alps Draba dolomitica Central-Eastern Alps Euphrasia tricuspidata Central-Eastern Alps Festuca alpestris Central-Eastern Alps Galium baldense Central-Eastern Alps Hypochoeris facchiniana Central-Eastern Alps Knautia baldensis Central-Eastern Alps Knautia persicina Central-Eastern Alps Knautia velutina Central-Eastern Alps Moehringia glaucovirens Central-Eastern Alps Primula spectabilis Central-Eastern Alps Ranunculus venetus Central-Eastern Alps Saxifraga tombeanensis Central-Eastern Alps Achillea oxyloba Alps Androsace vitaliana Alps

$%'7%?S+8[+++9 +

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 267 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda FAUNA are several population groups at the Invertebrates springs or along the initial stretches of There are numerous species of '>= invertebrates of interest in terms of !'%%55 ', $=?J€`R€1 importance as a bio-indicator and is >''>' considered to be at risk of extinction Austropotamobius pallipes and the 591)M)=!' Vertigo angustior. reduction in its population in the last !'>'+>,' >, (Austropotamobius pallipes italicus to pollution and alteration of the %>'% >>'% ''>>' ,%=!' '>+, '%, >V,>' ':,'Orconectes # : % '%,'' ',' mountains. The area of the reserve '%%',' offers various zones suitable for the %>' >'+>,'' >%=

+++

LEDRO ALPS 268 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Herpetofauna 5'3/ ,'%>' ', ,,'>= presence of herpetofauna: the most Although at national level this species >%%%' >: the common toad (Bufo bufo '% frog (Rana esculenta >'%% (Rana temporaria ,=!' (Salamandra salamandra' %>, agile frog (Rana dalmatina% 'V'5 58'0$= >%%, The European green toad (Bufo ,%V viridis,%>% 2,'' %58'0 altitude. $'%>Triturus '%'>2 alpestris',>+ (Podarcis muralis>- (Bombina variegata >''%2 V,%= (Q$$, !'+%%> %=!':>- (Triturus alpestris%5,= stern green lizard (Lacerta bilineata 5>%'''% '>'''

++9$ +

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 269 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda eastern edge of its distribution area Mammals ,V%- '' ,'=5'' %>'' >'>>Anguis ,'Ursus arctos= fragilis:+:%- >', =' '> :'V,% >! '>'%:Coluber >''' $$>''%,2 Nature Park also in order to protect the Aesculapian snake (Elaphe lon- the species. gissima':Natrix 5' natrix4':Natrix tessella- ']??K' ta,V%' %:%'O/9P and the asp viper (Vipera aspis %H=> V,=!' ]???J@@J]@>> %%58 %>'> '0$'U environment and giving rise to a 1\)- %%R@, %'1 the Central Alps. austriaca.

+I9+8!"

LEDRO ALPS 270 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda [I?@'?8

The area of the reserve represents a possible expansion corridor for the bear >''= !',,Lynx linx ,%' province of Trento starting J@@|':> ]RJ' #>%%'#= =!'> '> J@]J,>'' =]RJ,', >'%' been ascertained in Trentino.

8Z*8ZZ9 carnivores in the Alps

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 271 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda [Z*8Z8Z?@'?8

!',K interest in terms of conservation. species of bats present in various !', ' microthermal species and can even >'''Barbastella barbastellus %%+]K 1= 55 5>V '0$' to be considered of considerable >%>''=

98+

LEDRO ALPS 272 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Birdlife !',' the reserve is home to a large number %+,]` ,?R% the setting up of the different Special Protection Areas. R~% 5'~?€`@?€1$ '' >''?+,U' eagle (Aquila chrysaetos vulture (Gypaetus barbatus: partridge (Alectoris graeca saxatilis black grouse (Tetrao tetrix tetrix >Tetrao urogallus The rock partridge (Alectoris graeca saxatilis), rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus 9 grasslands high in the mountains helveticus'2Bonasa bonasia:>%: (Dryocopus martius,+' ,,&!#) >%:Picus canus 1=]??K %,,>Glaucidium J@]]'R?|@@@ passerinum= ]~`%' The alpine rock partridge is a sub- captured. Among the numerous birds species of Alectoris greca %``@@@ ','% +%,% >':'= % The species is declining in the Alps :'' both due to hunting and disturbance >,' ,' coal tit. The %%' %%\,'' >'% >>>' and natural reforestation of open abundant trans-Saharan migrating areas. %'>' `=J% '%%> >'' represented. '>' The monitoring of recapture involves the most important corridors in the '>: Alps for migrating birdlife in autumn. of ornithological stations. !'%,' presence of the permanent migration

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 273 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.2.2 What are the pressures on key species? In other words: what are the threats (example unsustainable management of forest), their immediate causes (drivers of change like forest change or habitat change), their underlying causes (example @<<"< (example: economic, political, social, external, etc.) and the area(s) concerned?

Flora grassland habitats. !'''\ !'%%,> :, '>,%' %>'>'' Saxifraga tombeanensis, Nigritella %>,=!'% buschmanniae, Telekia speciosissima ', and Aquilegia thalictrifolia groups of species and must be %,:%: %%,>'> ,,= up the future Management Plan for !'%%::, the reserve. '' !'%,€> >''Gentiana brentae ,>>'''Erysimum Saxifraga arachnoidea and Daphne sylvestre subsp. aurantiacum, petraea >, Hypochoeris facchiniana, Achillea %%', oxyloba and Scabiosa vestina stand problems. Careful evaluation of sports out, ,: ':% V, >V, taken into consideration.

Fauna With reference to threats and ,>,, '% %,% :,%>''H %%= The group of species living in >''>'+ >,',: 'V,'V'4 the greatest pressure is therefore %,%'> +98+* ,%>''' Alps %''%,

LEDRO ALPS 274 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ':,'= of the traditional agricultural The group of species living in %>'% >' ',> %',: >%> 'VV >=!'% ''4' '%,' greatest pressure is therefore passage from traditional to intensive %, ', '€V,' \'' habitat. ,> /'', ,= and bear represent the top of the food !':%, chain and are therefore indicators of > V,'> >'%> '',, >''%>= \,'' For centuries mountain agriculture %''=!'%>'' 2% have the greatest effect on them are %, ''', '% %,%, % >'' and the recent decline in these activities. >' !'%%, '%'%, % to the reduction in its habitat: indeed ,: 2, ,, ,' ,':% >''': its distribution area in the Alps in the >= !',%>''' one of their most important migration routes across the proposed Biosphere ,% V, ,'V V, continental and intercontinental level >'% + ''&=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 275 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.2.3 What kind of measures and indicators are currently used, or planned to be used to assess both species groups and the pressures on them? Who undertakes this work, or will do so in the future?

Flora %'': 5'+: % the main endemic species are alpine galliformes. ,'H At the ringing station at Bocca ,'&1 di Caset constant monitoring of >'% ,%= of particular importance or along '#51*#' %, )J@@@>:H ',€'' periodic monitoring for all groups of %]w]@,= fauna species. '#1,5% Fauna of interest to hunters (red #15#% %'= #')J@@@ H% >:H '>''''V ,€, are established. '\%>'% The setting up of the Biosphere reference to protected and endemic >'%%, species. ',% The rest of the proposed Biosphere ,'>' ,, V' not in a programmed manner. The >:'% %'%' >'' ,,% '>'' V'>:' various operational bodies.

Fauna Some species at the top of the %'''' ,'H monitoring throughout the area of the Autonomous Province of Trento. 5'+: monitoring is carried out for the most *

LEDRO ALPS 276 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Ecological network areas and therefore represents an 1, important part of the alpine ecological are more and more focused on the >:|=~= %R'% ' 14.2.4 What actions are >:=!' currently undertaken )>:%'' to reduce these pressures? the innovative approach of the The picking and collection of plant /5.‡!==)=%H %,' ')>:>'' >JR&,J@@~=]] ,'/> >% ]]€J@@~>'2 V>'' ,!'' lists protected species that it is +2 ,%:% local communities according to the \>>''%: %%%,= w\>% The progressive territorial provided for in the case of species anthropization often divides and ,w@ '' %' reducing their value in terms of %_0, , , ,=#' recognising the use of these species so called “ecological connection of %, ',P,>' ,:' protection of huge amount of species. local area. !'%,' !'%,' >:% '\ %4 the populations of both plant and thanks to planning strategies he has animal species. These pressures '%%,'>'' ,'% to preserveor limit the ecological ,,= These choices often have repercussions on human communities ', ')>:+ %%,' %˜, ˜%%= !'>:! The alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), an ,˜%˜'

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 277 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda measures taken to protect habitats 14.2.5 What actions do you ,%:%' intend to take to reduce these )J@@@>:=5 %% &,', at the improvement of habitats are taken to reduce pressure and threats >'+' %%'> ,:% the setting up of the Biosphere %' >'' $%#,' extend the application of various +:>'' %,>, #15# ''U %,%= · Planning of intervention in have been taken to > '' environmental improvement for the ', %%''4 open environments and remove ^ 5% >'%= enhancement and promotion !',%' %H,'#4 'H ^ ')>: ''V '/% monitoring of the population of the other mountain areas to the north %=0#91 provide for regular implementation of programmes such as those measures to improve habitats for fauna. developed in the context of '9 Coordination and management /5.‡O!)>:P instruments have been approved for project. '8/+ Parks areas. The Park Plan is indeed a detailed planning and management %,=!'8/ 'V%%>'' planning tools regarding various 4%% and environmental improvement for the purpose of fauna. These same tools have been provided for in the implementation programme ')>:' Ledro Alps. The other areas in the The cultivation of medicinal plants, a limited %%%'V 8++9 Comano spa coordination of individual actions.

LEDRO ALPS 278 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.3. At the level of genetic diversity

14.3.1 Indicate species or varieties that are of importance (e.g. for conservation, medicine, food production, agrobiodiversity, cultural practices etc)

The importance of rare or endemic % ', % '%>>% relation to common species. &,%', %%'O%P %%=0>' ,', =&,'% >= 8>! ' ,%' ,'' “Carne salada”, a traditional product from the =!',%> ++*#=9+8 ,> the cultivation of crops suitable for '>% %==0>' also documentation of the cultivation ' %'8 = !'%>'% from the 19th,% %',= ,']?w@' of other vegetables destined for sale '%U% \> #,' ,%, /9% 98+ quantities

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 279 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda asparagus. ',,%' '''J@th '%> ,', %>% '>% '=1,'%>, :>' >'' : O&#P,' !=!, be mentioned. these represent a valid instrument !'V,% %, :%\ of the main limitations of mountain in the Giudicarie area. ,', 1'>$ fragmentation of areas suitable for %,/: cultivation. Garda olives are other traditional >'%'%' %>'''% ,%'' % ''> '%%' = ,= !'/. Although deriving from species represent the main production centre '', '%R+`@@@€, %%,%': and has also been an important site to their presence in Trentino for %= >'V 5>''' selection taking place due to the 2%!>' \ >,' ' '']~th, %,'=

“Ciuiga” del 98 of pork sausage developing out of the need to make use of the less appreciated parts of the animal

LEDRO ALPS 280 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Map of the main 8++ in the upper Lake Garda and Giudicarie areas

PLANTS ortance ortance p p lant Wild plant Wild plant Cultivated p Species Use Traditional im Economic im Typical products x Asparagus tenuifolius Wild edible x Homemade oil preserves x Aruncus dioicus Wild edible x Homemade oil preserves x Cicerbita alpina Wild edible x Homemade oil preserves x Cichorium intybus Wild edible x Home cooked x Humulus lupulus Wild edible x Home cooked x Mentha acquatica Wild edible x Home cooked x Plantago lanceolata Wild edible x Home cooked x Salvia pratensis Wild edible x Home cooked x Silene vulgaris Wild edible x Home cooked x Tragopogon pratensis Wild edible x Home cooked x Chenopodium bonus- Wild edible x Home cooked henricus x Rubus caesius Wild edible x Homemade fruit jam x Rosa canina Wild edible x Homemade fruit jam x Vaccinium myrtillus Wild edible x Homemade fruit jam x Ribes petraeum Wild edible x Conserva de ùa spinèla x Vaccinium vitis-idaea Wild edible, medicinal x Conserva de garnètole x x Rubus idaeus Wild edible, medicinal x x Picco rosso, fresh fruit

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 281 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda x Rosa canina Wild edible x Homemade fruit jam x Vaccinium myrtillus Wild edible x Homemade fruit jam x Ribes petraeum Wild edible x Conserva de ùa spinèla x Vaccinium vitis-idaea Wild edible, medicinal x Conserva de garnètole x x Rubus idaeus Wild edible, medicinal x x Picco rosso, fresh fruit x x Fragaria vesca Wild edible, medicinal x x Picco rosso, fresh fruit x Sambucus nigra Wild edible, medicinal x Conserva de sambùc x Arctium lappa Wild edible, medicinal x Home cooked x Urtica dioica Wild edible, medicinal, x Home cooked domestic, veterinary x Rhododendron ferrugineum Bee-keeping x x Miel di rasabèch x Artemisia absinthium Medicinal, ritual, domestic x Assenzio (homemade liqueur) x Artemisia genipi Medicinal x Genepi (homemade liqueur) x Artemisia umbelliformis Medicinal x Genepi (homemade liqueur) x Juniperus communis Wild edible, medicinal, x Acquavite di ginepro, Aromatic domestic herbs x Carum carvi Wild edible, medicinal x Aromatic herbs x Thymus serpyllum Wild edible, medicinal x Aromatic herbs, Thyme oil x Pinus mugo Medicinal, domestic x Sciroppo di mugo x Gentiana punctata Medicinal x x Amaro Valle di Ledro, Acquavite di genziana x Gentiana lutea Medicinal x x Amaro Valle di Ledro, Acquavite di genziana x Peucedanum ostruthium Medicinal x Acquavite di imperatoria x Arnica montana Medicinal x Arnica oil x Hypericum perforatum Medicinal x Hypericum oil x Achillea millefolium Medicinal x Herb tea x Fagus sylvatica Domestic (wood) x x x Ostrya carpinifolia Domestic (wood) x x x Fraxinus ornus Domestic (wood) x x x Quercus pubescens Domestic (wood) x x x Pinus sylvestris Domestic (wood) x x x Larix decidua Domestic (wood), x x medicinal x Picea excelsa Domestic (wood), x x medicinal x Corylus avellana Edible, domestic (wood) x x x Juglans regia Edible, domestic (wood) x x Bleggio walnut x Castanea sativa Edible, domestic (wood) x x Pranzo chestnut x Vitis vinifera Edible x Wine x Olea europaea Edible x Olio del GardaTrentino DOP x Brassica oleracea Edible x x Trentino sauerkraut x Brassica rapa Edible x x Trentino sauerkraut, Ciuiga del Banale x Solanum tuberosum Edible x x Lomaso potato x Zea mais Edible x Mais Nostrano di Storo (Polenta) x Mais "ceroso" (specie, Animal feed x varieta?) x Secale cereale Edible, Animal feed x x x Medicago sativa Animal feed x x x Ribes nigrum Edible x x Fruit syrup x Triticum aestivum subsp. Edible x x aestivum *+

LEDRO ALPS 282 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %' perishable materials resulting from are no species or races of particular '%#>. % %H4 ,%' ^ 1# '8M' >= the name – to the North West of the %%%'= 1,, !',' products have genuine production ''V, =,%' %>'', obtaining of a trademark for the area ,%'U '%%%' ^ #%$ >' %+:'4 sustainable business activities ^ 1O%P,% and support the maintaining of the %:>'' traditional agricultural landscape.

O3+=P9 8 #88 14.3.2 What ecological, economic or social pressures or changes may threaten these species or varieties?

The long process of domestication 'V', :', an industrial scale. The diffusion of generations of farmers has created '',% a certain number of varieties plant species has led to the gradual ,' %% conditions present in the area of the >'V %%=!', ,= of enormous genetic and cultural 1%,: %'%, to funding or respect for health ,' >'''%

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 283 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda the development of large-scale 4 %,' · the programme to promote local ',+2 %>, characterising agricultural production the Consorzio Tutela dei Prodotti '' !4 also contributed to this phenomenon. ^ :> %% _,>'>,' 'V, !>,4 '%, · cultivation and production of suitable for the environment and ', 'V >'' have greater resistance to pathogens. :,' 1%>'% 1%4 %% ^ %', V>> and mountain cheese developed ' ,)>''Qš,R ,% %H4 '%,%%= ^ '%%>, One example of this is represented an agricultural park in the Ledro ,' 4 :%,%' ^ '#!R %%,%%' Agriculture and Tourism >%, Department. competition. .'' ,'% ' %! '>':>' )3= >% has encouraged the production and %,%%=!' %,%%=I %%>%% cite some recent experiences in this '''>% context: %% ^ '%%'5 appears more topical than ever in :'!% the context of mountain areas. The :,14 demand for traditional products · the obtaining of the DOP trademark >' ,'12#% ''' 4 from the natural landscape cannot · the obtaining of the DOP trademark ' ,'12 ,'%= !4 Their picking is indeed regulated in · the programme to promote order to avoid them becoming extinct '2', due to excessive picking.

LEDRO ALPS 284 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 14.3.3 What indicators, at the level of the species, are used, or will be used, to assess the evolution of population status and associated use? !'% %,, related to products of the most '%, PAT. %2 5'U ^ '%'4 ^ !R%'#!14 ^ ''%%,!R%! TrentinaJ.

1 '%U€€>>>==€€$€|@]›%%›@?›%€%%›@?=% J >>>=%=%==€›

14.3.4 What measures will be used to conserve genetic diversity and practices associated with their conservation?

!'%V,: %%,% ' ':>% and consumption at local level are measures of great importance for the PNAB promotion of sustainable economic activities capable of O "P9#9!"+j logo to promote local farms linked to the area ,= #J@@R>'% has the objective of promoting high 'Oš,P%HV, V,% :,'+ >''%>' :+' particular attention for healthiness ',% %=#% ',%' regulations have been developed '',% ,)', V,V cheese. :>''=!'%: The setting up of a Biosphere intends to make use of its trademark >'' as an area marketing tool capable '%'>' of encouraging sustainable tourism V>'' '',=5 %,''V, %', ,%>'')=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 285 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15. DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION

15.1. Potential for fostering economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable 15.1.1 Describe how and why integrated development. the area has potential to serve as a site of excellence/ From the environmental point of model region for promoting >''' sustainable development. representative site for the southern There are excellent reasons for slopes of the central and eastern assuming that the proposed area can %>''&>: act as a model region for promoting >& sustainable development in other ,%% areas: R]@| # '% 'R@:= ,>% ' mountain environments in the Alps %>''I)>: 4 the proposed area represents a # >''' consolidated example of the collective characteristics of great value in management of environmental ,% %, '4 %= '>' % ''%' as of a combination of values area hopes to represent a model: >''% # ' >''M>' >'' %%%M' '4 >''2 # ' '%4 ,>' # '' %+'' administrative background back up '4 the assumption that development # '' can be oriented in the direction >:% 4'% '''% ',% 'O>:P4 ,, # %,' ', principles of the CETS and the >:% '%> at environmental protection and :

LEDRO ALPS 286 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %4 %>'' # promotion of tourism as one of their %'' H4' centres at the environmental and '):', 4 Document of the planning scheme # %%%' for the Giudicarie and the project for the implementation of the Ledro Alps >'' )>:= %,>' 5' participation in the management of ' the area. >' %%% The inclusion of the area in the World and encouragement for forms of )>:%' , >' among the actions designed to >%% support development. for openness and collaboration at #, =5 ,%>'') '%'' '%:9)#1 ''>'' I0#>'' I)>:%' CdG and in some municipalities: %% # &,'82 ''%,> 84 ', # 1!#' ', area for the development of sustainable forms of tourist %%,%4 %>''% # 5' local products in order to support Bike Dolomites and Brenta Trek farmers. $4 '> # increasing opportunities to access ','! programmes and funds to enhance )>: the rich cultural and environmental 4 '%>'' # ' %%', centres in Stenico and S. Lorenzo %,,%%= ', All the planning documents of the trail. main supra-municipal bodies link

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 287 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda HQ8 Q$4YYQKH Q8$8 4YYQK

Other activities relate to the Ledro and :=5' . +$>&' educational activities are carried 9)#1U ,!= # '/$%H ,&9# The project for the implementation of informative activities at the Ampola '/%)>: 1'&=.& (including a programme agreement in Tremalzo and the Ledro Pile- >K% $>&' % R@@@@,4 ', # '. +$>& and area promotion activities based represents the central nucleus on values linked to the natural '. ': `=R= ,%=!' Tourist promotion activities based on &'J@=@@@ exploiting the natural environment are ,'>%, ,1 increase thanks to the future 5,'12 opening of the Archaeological //>'%

LEDRO ALPS 288 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda of visits and informative activities1. !'%,15# The main cultural activities carried out 51# ,'3U is of considerable importance. This # >%% aims to increase the production of %4 ,> # O&%PU , >'>4 >'%,` # %' million kWh. ,%:'% 4 ., # %, ,' ''% private sector: '4 # 251%U # /% training courses on organic farming $,4 , # %%,% %1%4 >%,%= # J' &%,1 Other initiatives are organised at # .'– municipal level: linked to the Brenta Bike Dolomites # '. ,= Associations present in the area 8/&8 !%'>: / %%, #' %> promoted activities to promote regarding: '', # ' '#U% '4 %'% # '4 '=4 # ''% # %%' 4 Lomasona area (Comano # ' !,! associations. sustainable development. An approximate picture of main economic aspects is given in Table 1 #'>U>>>==4'%U€€ >>>== ]w=]

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 289 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Services Services Constructio (accommodation (transport Services Agricultur Municipality Data Industry n Commerce and restaurants) ) (others) e Total Bleggio Local units 8 28 14 13 1 25 52 141 Superiore Workers 52 57 23 24 1 69 227 Bondone Local units 3 8 7 5 4 8 3 38 Workers 27 25 13 15 22 9 111 Dorsino Local units 2 20 3 3 2 6 9 45 Workers 5 67 11 7 4 7 101 Fiavè Local units 6 9 15 8 4 11 31 84 Workers 61 44 50 32 27 16 229 Riva del Local units 78 153 393 238 42 684 197 1,785 Garda Workers 1,076 496 1,184 1,508 237 1,704 6,205 San Lorenzo Local units 6 24 10 18 7 24 23 112 in Banale Workers 18 86 29 53 13 37 236 Stenico Local units 13 18 9 6 4 20 41 111 Workers 64 60 11 30 6 122 292 Storo Local units 83 72 99 23 17 119 76 489 Workers 590 238 241 59 53 289 1,470 Tenno Local units 8 17 17 20 4 28 143 237 Workers 28 26 27 75 4 32 192 Comano Local units 23 44 74 24 10 90 98 363 Terme Workers 239 165 190 148 46 160 948 Ledro Local units 41 81 63 68 18 93 139 503 Workers 438 184 167 230 66 221 1,304 Local units 271 474 704 426 113 1,108 812 3,908 Totale Workers 2,598 1,448 1,944 2,179 480 2,667 11,316 '5%'SZ+9#

1%, >%% >%%'' '>:=!' demonstrating that the local situation '>!]w=J

Incoming Outgoing Municipalities in the area (excluding Riva del Garda, Storo and Bondone) 726 3,147

Comunità delle Giudicarie 487 1,046 Comunità Alto Garda and Ledro 1,669 1,862 $%'5%?Z8++ Biosphere Reserve.

5%''> importance. As recalled in section CdG the phenomenon is nevertheless ?' V,= ''%' The presence of the cooperative cooperation at regional and perhaps movement is of great importance ' in terms of extent and historical ']?',=!'%

LEDRO ALPS 290 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda movement is present in various %%%'= sectors of economic and social life can note that in the area of the : Giudicarie Esteriori alone the number '% of members is higher than the number '%, ']@|`K industrial production and tourist |R|@'' promotion. >%'% !]w=R,' movement in the area. %%>''

Sector No. of COOPs No. of members AGRICULTURE 1 101 CONSUMER GOODS 5 5,822 CREDIT 2 3,688 EMPLOYMENT 4 38 SERVICES 3 3,789 WELFARE - (social-carers) 1 165 Total 16 13,603 $%'5%&8++++ Biosphere Reserve

3+w++8"!++9

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 291 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5' %%%' Municipality Associations ',O,P4' $ ` are a large number of associations San Lorenzo in Banale 18 %> # ]K >=!' 1 R` #% J` overall number of members also . JJ '>%' ! ]~ %' / RR ', K opportunities for social life. The main # w` % Bondone 9 ,''' Totale 238 ',=!]w=` $%'5%7! %,'= the proposed Biosphere Reserve

15.1.2 How do you assess changes and successes (which objectives and by which indicator)?

' '=5' sustainable development strategies '9', , measuring overall effects in relation %, to the provisions of the strategies >''>'''%' >,'' =!' the relevant regulations and their application in the area plans of the ,'' V, of objectives. planning schemes. 5'' >:%,' 5' #'9 %VU '> # %>'' paragraph (for more details see annex '9%' R=` %'>4 # '>''%%' Measuring the effects of strategies 'H%4 on the area # %,>'' The periodic measurement of effects in the sense that it does not is an essential aspect of planning ''% % ,,%,>' %,=

LEDRO ALPS 292 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %, The framework of provincial %4 indicators K= % The monitoring of general phenomena %4 H ~= %4 ' 8. Consumption of valuable '>,' 4 province of Trentino. For the purposes ?= /'',, '9%% %,V%%4 '>%' 10. Environmental indicators for the >' V,>4 further measurement parameters and 11. Structures for ecological tourism the relative impact to the area plans of 4 the communities: ]J=% ]= #, ,4 H',: ]R=' 4 %'4 J= >', ]`=,+4 ,'% ]w=š,,% :=4 ,4 R= 2> ]K=> restored or destined for niche disposal. % 5% `= 5+%%H representing various sectors of sports and tourist services and the development are considered as an %, %=R=`% 4 list of the indicators contained in the w= '%> 94'' ', ',%, and inhabited areas in the %,=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 293 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Strategies Indicators N° of renovations and recovery of valuable buildings in terms of the landscape I. To promote the identity of the area and N° of area improvement programmes carried out innovative and responsible management Hectares in the area historically used for meadows and grazing, recovered of the landscape or destined for niche crops Satisfaction of 50% of building requirements by reusing current buildings, intensifying the use of settled areas II. To encourage tourist development N° of local agricultural products introduced organically into the Trentino based on the principle of sustainability, tourist circuits making the most of cultural, N° of mountain huts operating as farm guesthouses environmental and landscape resources Index of overall quality of running water III. To guarantee the safety of the area and Air quality health index settlements N° of inter-municipal projects related to sports and tourist services IV. To pursue balanced, prudent and Hectares of pedestrian areas and number of projects to restore and renovate lasting development of settlements spaces and commercial buildings and service facilities in already built-up areas Number of functional links between naturalistic elements in the environmental networks V. To pursue the sustainable use of forest, Ecological diversity index mountain and environmental resources Hectares of traditional crops reintroduced or revitalised Number of innovative agricultural-forestry projects and eco-tourism facilities projects VI. To pursue the permanent presence and Surface area destined for protected and controlled crops development of valuable agricultural Annual consumption of agricultural land of primary interest areas and to promote mountain agriculture VII. To pursue the responsible use of non N° of renewable energy systems planned or installed renewable environmental energy N° of kW of renewable energy produced resources, promoting the saving of N° of buildings with a high level of energy saving resources and the use of renewable forms of energy $%'5%53++8+8 U"R"I"

LEDRO ALPS 294 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda .>'%,' `=]>''%'% 9>''% reference for the Giudicarie. The in the light of the recent phase of ,>'' ,'1, also regards the Giudicarie Esteriori %%>>% ,= '',$

The “green” landscape of the Giudicarie Esteriori: the use of the land is a fundamental element in protecting the traditional landscape

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 295 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.2. If tourism is a major activity:

15.2.1 Describe the type(s) Adamello-Brenta Nature Park: of tourism and the touristic ',:' facilities available. Summarize the main touristic attractions features. The park has obtained in the proposed biosphere the CETS (European Charter for reserve and their location(s). #!> ,'%' The tourist sector is present park1=8' throughout the area of the proposed 'OšP: :,+ >'' , % around: ,' # '%+: local products. The itineraries of the ' Brenta Bike DolomitesJ and the Brenta ,4 Trek DolomitesR, # ','' >= %%',4 5'% # ,:%',= 1%5%' ,= .''''' natural features attracting tourists Comano spa: spa tourism has >U' ]w@, north the Adamello-Brenta Nature 'V'' :>'''% '>1>'' '$' come from a depth of more than 800 #4''1 metres and are rich in the mineral %>''' '$ 4''/: %,: Tenno and the agricultural terraces of %`=!' :/:=5 treatments in an environment helping ''/:/' people to conserve and improve their Ledro Alps. ''w=!'%

1>>>=)= J '%U€€>>>=:= R '%U€€>>>=:= ` >>>== w 18#'%U€€>>>==

LEDRO ALPS 296 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda >'%%:' >U :'# # '$I04 %:= # '. /%+> '>: I04 &!:%' # K>''>+ %%,'! %'%4 Comano- Brenta Dolomites tourist # ''V = 4 # '/' Lake Tenno – Varone waterfalls: #/ here tourism is based on natural # '%. '8 resources and the agricultural Lomasona. %=V' !'', Tenno area have been dedicated to >''O.IP1 different crops for centuries and are as it is able to offer various local placed one above another along the %', slopes. The old villages in the Tenno '': 11: '>:' Lake Garda. There are also numerous 'V,= ,%%&!= There are all kinds of accommodation facilities in the proposed Biosphere Lake Ledro and the Ledro Alps: U from spring to autumn Lake Ledro ' represents the main attraction in %=5%' ',>'%+ ,'>' facilities. The characteristics of the ,:QR :>'' ''' richness of the Ledro Alps and the and bed & breakfast accommodation. 81!2 !',5 %,% origin in the northern and central part '&!, '>' and sailing. There is also an extensive V'%'' %O>:P>' Dolomites. The closer one comes to educational-informative scope. Lake Garda the greater the presence '' Tourism based on nature and the !'8/ %%,'%% >'%++ '%+ >' >''% central and northern Europe. historic interest – described in section ]@=K=5% 1 >>>==+>>>=- lomiti.it

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 297 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda [+$ U8+ +#

LEDRO ALPS 298 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.2.2 How many visitors come to the proposed biosphere reserve each year? (Distinguish between single-day visitors and overnight guests, visitors only visiting the proposed biosphere reserve or only passing on the way to another place). Is there an upward or downward trend, or a particular target?

The extent of tourism in terms of %M ', '# and Bondone (outside the proposed '>.=]w=KU

700.000

600.000

500.000

400.000 A 2011 300.000 P 2011 200.000

100.000

- jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec $%'5%>38++0

!', 5','% '=!', ]@,>', |,' 'w=' , improving the seasonal distribution of >'''>', ,= %`+w,R,=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 299 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !''>, %>''' ,'>, %,' level in terms of the presence of '8= tourists in the area. !, in second homes and private Year 2011 2012 accommodation. Arrivals 198,415 204,240 ,> Overnight 1,653,076 1,665,783 need to be based both on hotels stays or other accommodation facilities and on more extensive use of % 5' '%>'' ,'' ''%' '/' %M, ,%, limited extent.

Private Other accomm. Second Hotels Total accommodatio Overall no. facilities homes Municipality n No. Beds No. Beds No. Beds No. Beds No. Beds No. Beds Bleggio Superiore 3 44 5 62 8 106 42 168 291 1,164 341 1,438 Dorsino 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 112 76 315 101 427 Fiavè 5 338 0 0 5 338 98 476 138 592 241 1,406 San Lorenzo in Banale 8 459 9 470 17 929 167 680 128 555 312 2,164 Stenico 5 445 11 576 16 1,021 90 265 270 780 376 2,066 Tenno 6 257 11 380 17 637 126 493 285 1,266 428 2,396 Comano Terme 12 832 15 350 27 1,182 206 809 185 760 418 2,751 Ledro 28 979 31 3,228 59 4,207 1,509 7,430 852 4,238 2,420 15,875 Total 67 3354 82 5066 149 8420 2263 10433 2225 9670 4637 28523 $%'5%6K++0

'>' # %%%% '>'' :: %,>,U &!4 # 'OP # '' %':' characteristics of the area and %'' +%%4 >:=

LEDRO ALPS 300 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.2.3 How are tourism Preliminary document of the activities currently managed? Area Plan of the Comunità delle The management of tourist activities Giudicarie ,''% < #= >'%>:>' enthusiastic cyclists can ride their main elements at local level are: +Y# and danger of city streets >>. # '%,' !'%, Area Plan of theCdG (approved on '%`=], ?€@~€J@]R4 >'&%, # '%,' socioeconomic development in the Alto Garda e Ledro Planning area concerned. For further details #'4 see the relevant document. # 'O %',P %''' %%,' that <:' to follow educational programmes problems and the objectives of the capable of increasing human capital. tourist sector. This is particularly true for women, who indeed suffer from the lack +Z+ $+#&"" operational roles, many of them being absorbed by the tourist sector to carry out manual tasks with a low level of technical specialisation >>..

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 301 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Preliminary document of the Area Y" Plan of the CAGL (currently in the strategic role of other accommodation process of approval) facilities for tourism and particular The objectives include: attention should therefore be reserved # '' ) and supplementing the services Our tourism is of national origin '>' and mostly concerns the regions in beginning of December to the end northern Italy: 39%Lombardia – 20% 3,4 Veneto – 13% Emilia Romagna – 5% # Piemonte – 13% of visitors to the spa differentiation of the markets of come from the Trentino Alto Adige `w†% ) ': International visitors represent 17%, ww†'5:4 with Germans making up 63%of these # , … it is necessary to start looking 4 across the frontier» # % area capital. 5%' The intervention planned includes: > # %'>:%' fundamental: &!4 # 1'UJ`†> # %'' '@+]] Tremalzo and Caset centres. >',',% '`~†, Strategic guidelines for tourist >''''''>' development, Terme di Comano- %, ,',4 !V' # #%UM:M:: document: M4 # 1UM',M «The core tourist business in our 4 area is the spa, ... we must succeed # .>4 in characterising the context with # )= = The general objective is described +O\ as the development of an integrated way house” between more important '%>, locations such as Lake Garda and the %>% #) V,%,' Visitors stay for longer periods in ''' accommodation outside hotels, as of the area and an improvement in compared to hotels; furthermore the facilities.

LEDRO ALPS 302 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Proposed Strategic Plan of !'/%, InGarda, Trentino Azienda per il '>,%U Tourism SpA <

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 303 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda % improvement in the appearance of the landscape and the integration of in order to initiate a decisive business sectors.

HOW TOURISM WILL BE MANAGED:

!'%%O/%3P9)#1%' %U'%>1' $'!%/:%,! 1%/'/,'>%'8 1'=5''%'$ 9)#1I0#'+):€%:=!' %>'U!!1+$ !5)$'12%!8/ '12!81'=

!'% '''%%%'' '&9%H %',''=!'% ',>%'1% ,'=!':'%> '>%%%& '%'1 and the production of coordinated materials to promote tourism in the %'%=

.>9)#1'%' '1>,' >''>'%'=

!'>,%>''# 1' >''%H'=

5%''>,%'% ':>,' =#%,'H' %'1*'%' +):>%': Management Plan and in the Programme Agreement for the management of 'O/%P)>:=!'%1'#

LEDRO ALPS 304 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !1!#,'9_.%>' '%:>:%'/%=!'%, %H%>,% 5!>''H' %''%=!' '1!#'š'>'' %%9)#1%'>'=

.''''%,! '''%>'' #'%%% '''%=!'>,'%%%' :'>' '%=!''>H>% ,''''%%%'U # reduction in the impact of tourist activities: reduction in the consumption >,',,> %,>=4 # %>>'>%U '+::, %=4 # ,U%% ',,:+, ,+%,::=4 # :>''%%,>' ',U,%%' %'>'%=4 # %, UV,' %š!15\%>5, \>>=%1'#!=

&,'',' &'|=]]==

Given the strict development constraints, the possibility of new infrastructure works for the purpose of tourism taking place in the core and buffer areas following recognition of the Biosphere Reserve can be totally excluded, while in the transition area tourist development will take place in line with the principle of sustainability.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 305 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Autumn landscape in Val di Ledro: the extending of tourist and environmental proposals to less +++++j

LEDRO ALPS 306 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.2.4 Indicate possible # ,%% positive and/or negative ''8 impacts of tourism at present !24 or foreseen and how they will # '' be assessed (linked to section during the spring migration of 14) %'. %4 5% # %+, ]`' the possible expansion of second cases of negative impact of tourist '4 '=5 # '&! '>'' the mountains (risk of damaging ,%,% %'>' '>,' >:= '%> and natural resources in the current 0>+ situation. On the basis of area tourism could have a range of positive management decisions designed to impact in the context of the proposed protect valuable environments in the %'U ' >''U # ,%' V, # urban environments or on the information and multimedia ,\4 4 # \> # ,' excursions or sporting tourism are >', :% regards the value of environmental subject to continuous monitoring %%,''V, 4 %4 # €, # ,: ,V ', >''H: %,:>'' terms of alteration. values of the area.

!'>''' The parameters described in section %>''' ]w=]=J reason must be subjected to greater monitoring in this sector. attention and monitoring (section ]w=J=wU # ':'%% :4

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 307 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.2.5 How will these impacts operations (Provincial Forest and be managed, and by whom? .$%4 As regards to the points of potential # '% interference mentioned above it is development is managed through %,'U %>'' # '>'H >''',' , '%%, >'%4 ,]w=]=J4 management takes place through # %%%4 % # ' historic artefacts and nature ,'' ' .,& ,%:>>' ,'% a trend that it is expected to ,., ,' $%, ', the staff of PNAB (in their area of so a progressive consolidation is H4 %4 # '%' # ' the movement of bears are the monitoring programmes in relation H%% '%' %%,' ==. installation of tunnels under more information see the relevant %' sections. 1$% supervision and monitoring

LEDRO ALPS 308 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.3. Agricultural (including grazing) and other activities (including traditional and customary)

15.3.1 Describe the type of ,'. agricultural (including grazing) >''/' and other activities, area >%% concerned and people involved predominates. There is more limited (including men and women). rearing of cattle for meat and rearing Once again this section makes =!':,:% reference in particular to the in large structures (over 100 livestock %,%% %'' ''8, relation to the areas of land used. Communities. 5% 5''' ',' representative sectors of Trentino >%%: >' a fundamental aspect in maintaining %V ''% V'4 ,, crops on the plains to cultivation '>% '+>,%'%'' associated buildings. The extensive ' >:%2'' %', >'''' scattered crops and livestock. The '2'' main agricultural sectors are animal value in terms of the conservation of ',> habitats and tourism. >> beekeeping and the cultivation of Vegetable growing: this sector ,=!' ','> '>%%'= %%>'+ '' Animal husbandry: the rearing of Lomaso is the main production centre ', '4, in the Giudicarie and Ledro areas. , 1,'% %%,%>, :,%, numerous other small private farms. linked to the cultivation of stable >/ Viticulture:',' 2=5' Tenno area and to a lesser extent ', '=5

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 309 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 2%>' ,% ''V,=5' > the landscape in the southern part ,2' '% != landscape made up of stone terraces =5, Beekeeping'>% ,,%>' , ,% ,% for transformation and sale of the small bee-keepers. product. The cultivation of berry fruits Olive growing: this is also limited and medicinal herbs takes place 'O&P%' , '&%,! %'' %,%V %%V, feature of the landscape – again products linked to the local area. :M>'' =5,, Fish farms: there are some farms ,%>', >> cooperative organisations for the for reproduction and the production transformation and eventual sale of '>' the product. ,'> Fruit growing,' trout for consumption. A cooperative cultivation of apples and cherries in #!>'' '4'% transformation and sale of products %,' for most of the producers.

Cultivated areas in the autumn in the Bleggio area

LEDRO ALPS 310 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The transformation of agricultural Farm guesthouses: in the last products,%' decade various farms in the , Giudicarie have combined tourism terms in relation to promoting the >'' =>> > ''V,% ,%V ,:%%, %>'' '>%=!' in some cases have also become ',> >U into the environment and respond to an increasing demand for peaceful # #%$ ' '4 # ,>#\' %'=!', &,24 %>, # 1> for farmers. %H4 # >3 Silviculture represents another , %,%= %4 &,, # %4 %>'' # 2' % !%4 'K@†' # !$4 >' # ,%!$1 ,%=!', >4 %]J@@@ # !',>'') ,>'w@@@ QšR:= >=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 311 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.3.2 Indicate the possible ''V,%>' positive and/or negative :$ impacts of these activities on š=4 biosphere reserve objectives # ', (section 14). >:%%'' '4 The main strong points of this sector # '%/ are the characteristics of the products '''', '>'>'' have in relation to other aspects such O,P, %=, case a direct link for all products %% >'':: %', 4 represent a cornerstone in the context # '% of tourism linked to exploitation of the ,4 =5'>U # .1% # ',%: .11 2'4 timber production. # ''% >', The weak points and negative impact could include components of %4 a structural nature for some sectors # '%>' or the need to further enhance some

#U8+

LEDRO ALPS 312 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '=5'' # ' negative effect could regards the %'% , ' all conservation of the area and must extend to the production ''%>'=!' '%'' >' %> impact: materials to the consumption of agricultural and food products # '2', O''P '%% ,% in relation to the surface area of the transformation of agricultural ' %' ,%,>'' consumption of local agricultural %>' %4 '%4 # '>:%+ # '% natural habitats related to marginal livestock leads to serious problems agriculture (e.g. permanent in terms of the effects of disposing >'' >''' value in naturalistic terms and for '> conservation of the landscape of %'4 the transition area.

8O++P

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 313 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.3.3 Which indicators are, 15.3.4 What actions are or will be used to assess the currently undertaken, and state and its trends? which measures will be Some of the possible indicators as applied to strengthen positive %,% impacts or reduce negative ]w=]=J%, impacts on the biosphere ':#55885U reserve objectives? # ) %' , %, !4 >% # ) '% and conservation on the one hand '4 and the promotion of agricultural # ) :> products linked to the area and naturalistic elements in the ''=!', >:4 funding and supporting for farming # ,4 : # 0% ''> 4 therefore be changes in this context. # ) + #%,U ,%H+ %H4 # 'OP'1 # # 1,, %%4 %, # % restrictive measures in terms of %,= safeguarding the environment and '%4 !', # '#,>% >''%' '%J@]`+J@J@% as: % # !'9€'', +'% livestock in relation to the permanent grasslands and 4 %,%',>% # #>' the traditional landscape and to set J=w9€'9%4 up area plans linking agricultural # !'€ production to tourism and limiting external origin. :4 # '):>'' *##% provides action to safeguard all the traditional activities that make it possible to conserve

LEDRO ALPS 314 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda valuable habitats and species local communities and its use in 2> the context of the CETS. %4 '%>'' # ,' improvement action could be implementation plan of the considered regard: /%>% # '%%') , $1 '' >4 %%,:' # %' 1!#4 ',' # ','/‡!)%H >'>% %%%,% >'' > >''V,: ''>' ,%=

N"2"30[+ conservation intervention in Ledro

"!8

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 315 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.4 Other types of activities positively or negatively contributing biosphere reserve outside its boundaries.

15.4.1 Describe the type of !''>'%' activities, area concerned and OP'8/> people involved (including men %, and women). >' There are a series of activities that produce this material. There is also a '%\ :% on sustainable development at '/,' local level. These are based on 8%=5>' existing and deep-rooted factors ,:' >',=!' cultural development in this context ' could represent a positive aspect. %,U # '%''V, There are also some activities %'4 >''' # = \' '=5'V, The ,'\ quality agricultural products linked 'V,' to an area of high environmental =5''V, value has been stated in previous tourist facilities linked to environments sections. There is still ample room for of high naturalistic value represents improvement in terms of promoting %\=5% and marketing products and links '%'> >'%' 'O1P%, area. The development of this sector tourist promotion is based on the ', %%',% to improving nature-based tourist >= facilities and also to agricultural '>''' management improving on the current positive effects outside the area is situation. %,energy production There are some traditional craft %,'% activities that have distinguished the %,:'% ',= +,,' ''%O'P 51# ,' , soles of mountain shoes in the past. ,=

LEDRO ALPS 316 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.4.2 Indicate the possible 15.4.3 What indicators are, positive and/or negative or will be used to assess the impacts of these activities on state and its trends? biosphere reserve objectives Some of the possible indicators in (section 14). Have some %,% results already been achieved? ]w=]=J%, 5'% ':#,855U %'' # ) >,, initiatives described. %4 !',%% # ) :I>, relation to: %4 # H:' # ) >''', %>4 savings. # %%, ,4 15.4.4 What actions are # %' currently undertaken, and >,% which measures will be >% applied to strengthen positive ,' impacts or reducing negative #H ones on the biosphere reserve in the dradt of management plan - objectives? |=]]== The actions described above refer ',% %,]w=]=] >''' common elements aimed at achieving ,=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 317 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '[[\

15.5.1 For the activities # % described above, what V,'' '''4 communities (including men # 4 and women) derive directly # %= from the site proposed as a biosphere reserve and how? 15.5.2 What indicators are ]R=]' used to measure such income objective of this nomination is to ] '%,4 Some of the possible indicators the nomination can act as a further %,% stimulus to reinforce the development ]w=]=J= of the activities described above. 5%% 5'' monitoring from: >''%%, # ,>' %,U their reasons for choosing the area '&' # %H %,)4 %%4 # V'> # % >':' %%4 MAB.

*[8 +8 of the local area is an aspect of the collective 8

LEDRO ALPS 318 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.6 Spiritual and cultural values and customary practices

15.6.1 Describe any cultural %= and spiritual values and !''%>''% customary practices including >'''% languages, rituals, and >%' traditional livelihoods. Are ']?',= any of these endangered or Cooperative businesses in the declining? %%, The most important aspect in this sectors still represent a fundamental %,':>'' ',= local area in terms of: # %, 15.6.2 Indicate activities ',4 aimed at identifying, # '',= safeguarding, promoting and/ or revitalising such values and ,'% practices. the almost complete dependence 5, on the resources of the local area >' '>' %VU '>''>' # '% %, protection measures for habitats and social references. The mountains ,V % in terms of farming practices in %%% 2 point of reference for middle-aged and >4 =I:'> # ' '>' activities mentioned in section local place names and the memories ]w=]=]= of past times represent a close link :>' >''= '%4 5'''%>' # '% ' %> , >'' having distanced most people from ,= the land as a source of production. This value remains in some areas more than others (such as Tenno for

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 319 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 15.6.3 How should cultural 15.6.4 Specify whether any values be integrated in indicators are used to evaluate the development process: these activities. If yes, which elements of identity, ones and give details. traditional knowledge, social The activities described in organizations, etc.? the (Examples of indicators: The activities described in the presence and number of %> formal and non-formal ', education programmes >'%%= that transmit these values Other activities mentioned in sections and practices, number of ]R+]K%'%' revitalisation programmes in local culture: place, number of speakers of an endangered or minority # '% language). based on traditional products and Some evaluation indicators can be its formalisation for commercial %,U %%4 # '% # '€ , protection activities implemented >>'% ,%%> '%, %'%4 '%, # 'V, >' %4 % # ' # ':> :>' %%4 ' # % %%= collective management of the 4 # ' of collective management of resources.

LEDRO ALPS 320 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 16. LOGISTIC SUPPORT FUNCTION

16.1 Research and monitoring

16.1.1 Describe existing and # wM.J planned research programmes J''%'‡] and projects as well as '€4 monitoring activities and # JMJ the area(s) in which they = are (will be) undertaken in .''%:' V%' questions related to biosphere reserve management and for %' the implementation of the %= management plan (please !'>: refer to variables in Annex I). ''> $%,%' |=w= '' The Adamello-Brenta Nature Park '%>' %>: ': >:% Lombardia. The agreement is aimed projects. The main research and at safeguarding and enhancing the %H,' mountain environment. different bodies operating in the area The Adamello-Brenta Nature >= :%%'/5.‡ OP%HJ@]@€J@]` ADAMELLO-BRENTA NATURE ''>U PARK coordinated action for the Alpine .,'+ and Apennine areas. The project is ):'% implemented in the context of the research and monitoring projects on %1/5.‡) different biotic and abiotic components funding programme. This project also %, regards the area of the proposed %H %'=!'+ environmental conservation and the Brenta Nature Park has three use of sustainable resources. international cooperation projects For research activities carried out >,>' ,'%:: ':!>= '>U $|=w=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 321 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda "!+E the title page of a manual

LEDRO ALPS 322 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda TRENTO NATURAL SCIENCE %+ MUSEUM AND THE SCIENCE educational centre for informative MUSEUM (MUSE) activities directed at local schools and #]?K`&9#, '=5 &!#)'%' take place in close collaboration ' >''+$>& ,%' %'&9#' )>:!R %,' 1$%' ', %,'O/:%P ,*,0,, '8/' /,',= . ' #]??R, Esteriori. ':%'' As in the rest of the province of 1= !'>,, At the ornithological station of the the area has seen monitoring of Science Museum post-reproductive vertebrate fauna. Nesting birdlife in migration is monitored from the %'' middle of August until the end of '9 =#]??~' !J@@w' has been included in the ‘Progetto &=5=!==%H'. %R%H 5J@@]+'= ,5#&9#>''' 2J@]@+J@]` seen the participation of more than >'%'% R~''' 122=J@@] 5%=&'~@% recent publication due to come out have been recorded and almost ',88 ]@@@@@ &9#,%%=!' ''%, '>', valuable conservation area. '>5# !', %''/5. '% ‡!==)=%H>''% meetings and in publications and J@]J>J@]w= =5 .]?|@J@@w' ':>, >. , #>'% date little investigated. reference to the southern sector of !'=5' the Adamello-Brenta Park and the ,', Cadria and Tremalzo mountains. '% !'%' >' 2''

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 323 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda H',' distributed throughout an area acting 5$58#5!—%H'%U€€>>>= >/: ==€›€%%, 5' !J@@]+J@@w!) ' #&>&9#=# historical interest. |=w !'&)>:'8 MUSEO CIVICO IN ROVERETO //$% This is structured into various in terms of content and methods. ',1' /$>%J@]J: #0,*, >'8 , />''% dissemination and research activities '=#%,' ' >,,' =!'>: '&1' entrusted to Trento Natural Science \ &&!#)+>&9# !' %,''V %H>% '/:/+$> %\'%= & More than a million records have been '= =|=w !'K'>: of the activities.

884I3S

LEDRO ALPS 324 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Y8E884N0

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 325 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF competitive scenarios. TRENTO (PAT) !'> The “OPENLOC project: Public >''U% policies and local development: %+ innovation policy and its effects % on locally embedded global %,>' dynamics”. www.openloc.eu , ',= !'%H>,! !'%%H >J@@?J@]]>'' an institutional set-up for enabling collaboration of various research ,>', '9, '': !9,&' ' 9,!) >:4:++ Science Museum and the Fondazione ,4 Edmund Mach. An extract of the second-best solutions to the trade- %HR%>U >% O!'%H'+%, % > >4%' institutional and economic architecture '>' >''>5, strategies and policies. Such an in particular the Autonomous Province '% !'> >'>'> ,%%% %, public policies. '''! !'%H', %>' of the local outcomes of the changes ,>'' occurring in the international U, =' % the international fragmentation of % %, %%%, ==,2 export. >''%2 5>''H' >'%' ', ,' '>: >:=''' '%% >%> :>'' fuels global imbalances among generation of innovation. The main countries in different development 'V >' %,':' %, approach.

LEDRO ALPS 326 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The OPENLOC project is structured in implications: it is the OPENLOC U O':+:P%, ,=!'>'' Activity 1M, activities occurs on several levels: local implications: interpretative '>'% %,U the formulation of a cognitive and ',' ,%%' %OP' %%%,' '%% 4'' ' '>'%% internationalisation policies of local application to the development and ,'!%= %', ''%>''' H>''9, '!%=!', !%'9, %,,'&55 9)5'' %%>'9, ,= of Bologna.

Activity 2M1 Activity 4 – Social capital and %>: environmental capital: the possible in global contexts: the importance contribution to local development :>>:U'' in a global context: it represents ,' the contextualization and geo- %', ,)/1 '>:' is dedicated to collect and provide ','! to the other activities elements of %''% ,%,% ''>'''>: the environmental and socio-cultural O>:>:P, '>: entering in global contexts. A group ,,=5% '9,!9)5!) ''> ' +%%,+ %%>''/$+ ''+'' 1$!,' '%' ,,'% ''%,>'%' >''9, , 9)5'&'5 >:=!',% 5'&55%= ,%9)5!)' '.2 Activity 3M5 Mach and the Trento Natural Science ,U%, Museum.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 327 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Activity 5 M5'$ Program on Local Development $,U' of the Doctoral School in “Local $%$,P= !''',' )/1U' research and development results '>''' through their organisation for teaching '%%4 %%% Traditional agriculture '%':>4 it integrates academic activities and %' 4 %'% the potential that the PAT has to ' realise important initiatives on local development. All the OPENLOC %, ''=5%'' academic partners are responsible 3N ' '>''> %H'%%, transfer the results achieved through '>'%%% =P The OPENLOC project concerned '8/'' '%%%' and led to the production of a document on the socioeconomic '>', Production and trading of charcoal, in an old %%>' picture 'V,= The documentation is available in ''%U€€>>>= spazioftp.it/ledro/comunitas/n18s.pdf

LEDRO ALPS 328 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER The most active organisations include: RESEARCH INSTITUTES # Agenzia Provinciale per la 2R The most active universities in the # Centro studi Judicaria area are: # Circolo culturale Stenico ‘80 # 9,! # Fondazione Caritro # 9, # Fondazione Museo Storico # 9,. # %%# # 9, giudicariese # &#5 # 9,82 # Politecnico di Milano # !& Guerra 0>:,'' # #%! 9,,' # 92 although an exhaustive list is not tempo disponibile ,', H', of accessing the databases of national ''+ universities. social or environmental heritage Numerous other public and private ,'' %' ' %,''+ |=w==,' cultural and social research at local ' ,' >U >'' the research institutes recalled above.

NUMBER OF SUBJECT YEAR PUBLICATIONS Recovery of war memories from the First World War and cataloguing 6 2004-2014 of existing material Collection, cataloguing and completion of a series of publications of an 17 1969-2014 archaeological/ethnographic nature Collection, cataloguing and completion of a series of publications of an 19 1976-2014 architectural and artistic nature Collection, cataloguing and completion of a series of publications on 17 1984-2012 the history of local communities and important local figures Publication of informative works and bibliographical cataloguing of 7 1987-2012 existing works

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 329 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda .'' # ']@,' Judicaria ecomuseum (http:// noted that: >>>=+=' # ')%O'P out intensive social and cultural %%' dissemination activities in the %' %, V% ''=5 research. promotes historic and sociological 'J@,' The activities carried out in carried out cultural communication >' through the “Adamello Brenta the important palaeontological P2>'', ':'. promotes the cultural and natural /%+>>''' values of the protected area >'':+ among residents. Each issue >, presents reports regarding the '9)#1I0#'' economic activities present in settled in the area for thousands of ','% ,>'V local products and traditions and ,'%= %%4

'_?@+U8

LEDRO ALPS 330 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

16.1.2 Summarize past 16.1.3 Indicate what research research and monitoring infrastructure is available activities related to biosphere in the proposed biosphere reserve management (please reserve, and what role refer to variables in Annex I). the biosphere reserve will Much of the research undertaken in play in supporting such '>,' infrastructure. >' !'%%%' research and monitoring activities >: ,>,=!' ' picture is given in the previous >'',' >' >'' %'%HM>' the reserve. The centres dealing '%>''', >'''>' >M |=w= >''>'''%% '>%=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 331 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda RESEARCH – INFRASTRUCTURES

Centre Description Municipality In reserve

ABNP - The park authorities carry out their activities making Strembo NO Headquarters use of technical and administrative offices situated at the Strembo offices

MUSE Headquarters in Trento, in a futuristic building Trento NO designed by Renzo Piano. Satellite branches located in the area, in places of great naturalistic or tourist interest (see subsequent entries)

Lake Ledro Pile- Separate branch of MUSE (see above), operating in the Ledro YES Dwelling field of prehistoric archaeology (Ledro pile-dwellings Museum and surveys on Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in the Ledro mountains). It manages MNLED, the Ledro museum network (described in section 16.1.1)

Monsignor Former mountain hut and dairy renovated for Ledro YES Ferrari Centre educational purposes within the Tremalzo and Monti Tombea SCI (Ledro). Currently managed by MUSE within the context of MNLED

Casèt ringing A structure formerly used as a hunting blind within the Ledro YES station Bocca di Caset core area. Adopted for annual ringing campaigns managed by MUSE for the purposes of research and education (see section 16.1.1)

Museo Civico in The Museo Civico in Rovereto has adopted a strategy Rovereto NO Rovereto of diffuse museum development which has led it to extend effectively throughout the area, going beyond the institutional confines of official museums

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LEDRO ALPS 332 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS - INFRASTRUCTURES

Centre Description Municipality In reserve

ABNP - Villa The centre, neighbouring on the northern part of the Mountains NO Santi area, has 24 beds, laboratories demonstrating the working of milk and honey-making and spaces equipped for conferences and research. It is an example of the use of green building techniques

ABNP - “Flora” Water and plantlife are the two main subjects dealt Stenico YES Park Centre with at this visitors centre, which includes an accompanying open-air educational itinerary touching on the rumbling waterfalls of the Rio Bianco and passing over the gorge carved out by the stream

ABNP – “C’era Permanent ethnographic exhibition set up at San San Lorenzo in YES una volta” Park Lorenzo in Banale, in an 18th century building recently Banale Centre acquired and restored by the local authority. It contains items linked to the peasant culture, with tools and objects linked to traditional activities

Villino Campi A 19th century villa situated on the banks of the lake, Riva del Garda NO dedicated to promoting and disseminating the scientific culture in relation to Lake Garda and the surrounding area. Environmental education activities and exhibitions directed at both residents and tourists take place there

Lake Ledro Pile- The museum offers very successful educational Ledro YES Dwelling activities, with imitative archaeology workshops for Museum schools and a programme of summer activities

Ledro Network Starting from 2014, the project (enclosed), provides for Ledro, Tenno, YES of Reserves various environmental education activities. It has its Riva, Storo and own budget and therefore effectively offers itself as an Bondone infrastructure in this context

$%'>%?4+

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 333 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5'' development of promotional/ %'>%U %4 # '' # ''' >,' '>''&>:4 +%':> # ', and basic materials for the extra provincial level.

!++NE 84I3S

LEDRO ALPS 334 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 16.2 Education for sustainable development and public awareness

16.2.1 Describe existing and planned activities, 5). indicating the target group(s) '''!>: and numbers of people of environmental education for involved (as “teachers” and sustainable development. “students”) and the area !'>' concerned. '' !' both inside and outside schools >'' '%J@]]MJ@]J,' %'U& Agenzia provinciale per la protezione 1)% R !3= ' '%%%'= APPA For convenience the data has been #J@@@' ,%'= monitoring division of the Agenzia One can note a clear increase in provinciale per la protezione %%','> RU% ''>' ,% increasing interest and participation has carried out initiatives in the ,'=

4I3S8 migrations

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 335 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS - ACTIVITIES

Giudicarie Esteriori area. Falls within the jurisdiction of the Environmental Education Workshop of the Giudicarie

Activities Area Target group Numbers of people Period involved

Educational programmes on the Municipalities of Bleggio Students 2011-12 subject of: water, biodiversity, superiore, Comano Terme, school year sustainable consumption, land, air, Fiavé, S.Lorenzo in Banale sustainable energy, sustainable mobility 176

Environmental workshops, Municipalities of Comano Adults: tourists 163 2011 information evenings and guided Terme and Fiavé and residents tours on the subject of: sustainable consumption, zooanthropology, waste, biodiversity

TOTAL number of people involved in 2011 339

Educational programmes on the Municipalities of Bleggio Students 2012-13 subject of: biodiversity, sustainable superiore, Comano Terme, school year consumption, waste, land, Fiavé, S.Lorenzo in Banale, sustainable mobility Stenico

958

Environmental workshops, Municipalities of Comano Adults: tourists 2012 information evenings and guided Terme, Fiavé, S.Lorenzo in and residents tours on the subject of: water, Banale, Stenico sustainable consumption, zooanthropology, waste, biodiversity, sustainable mobility, sustainable energy 684

TOTAL number of people involved in 2012 1642

$%'>%&4+98"!

LEDRO ALPS 336 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS - ACTIVITIES

Municipalities of Ledro, Canale di Tenno and Riva del Garda. Falls within the jurisdiction of the Upper Lake Garda and Ledro area workshop, at APPA’s Villino Campi centre in Riva del Garda

Activities Area Target group Numbers of people Period involved

“Gramodaya, per vivere in armonia”: Villino Campi and Visitors 3369 2011 travelling exhibition on the subject of neighbouring areas environmental sustainability.

"Gramodaya” exhibition – associated Villino Campi and Adults: tourists and 740 2011 events neighbouring areas residents

APPA exhibitions, various subjects Villino Campi and Visitors 383 2011 neighbouring areas

Educational environmental Villino Campi and Students 1188 2011 workshops neighbouring areas

"Eulakes" project: climate change Villino Campi and Adults: tourists and 103 2011 and European lakes neighbouring areas residents

TOTAL number of people involved in 2011 5783

"Gramodaya” exhibition Municipality di Canale Visitors 5020 2012 di Tenno

"Gramodaya” exhibition Villino Campi and Visitors 601 2012 neighbouring areas

"Velambiente" exhibition Villino Campi and Visitors 1745 2012 neighbouring areas

Educational environmental Villino Campi and Students 1239 2012 workshops neighbouring areas

Environmental workshops on the Villino Campi and Professionals 137 2012 subject of: macrophytes, neighbouring areas environmental aspects linked to the planning of public works

TOTAL number of people involved in 2012 8742

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 337 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda The main activities mentioned in the %,%%, 81% % >= to respond to climate change and other environmental stress factors. Travelling exhibition: “Gramodaya, per vivere in armonia” (Gramodaya, Travelling exhibition: “Velambiente. living in harmony), at Villino Campi Virata verso un mondo più from 28 May to 28 October 2011 sostenibile” (Sailing environment. !''>5, Changing tack towards a more ')$% sustainable world): at Villino H)$ Campi from 12 July to 29 November organisation operating in southern 2012 5'' The exhibition offered an unusual %,% H to enhancing traditional culture and %>,% , %%'>/: %=5'' %%, the contribution of APE and the %,' .% environment. additional information and acted as %\' Activities of the Trentino Network ', of Environmental Education for >',% Sustainable Development at Villino projects undertaken in Trentino. The Campi '>% 81%''1 '\ I:'%'9%% the search for an innovative model Lake Garda Trentino Environmental >,=5> )>:>'' %, extensive educational and informative '81%' ''', area. ,'! at schools in neighbouring provinces EULAKES project – 8 September and at summer visitors. 2011 '9/_# %H'81% “The effects of climate change on %:P promote an integrated approach to improving processes of sustainable :,

LEDRO ALPS 338 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 8#U+8OP

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 339 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ADAMELLO-BRENTA NATURE .'%%> PARK the park describes all the educational The Adamello-Brenta Nature Park initiatives involving environmental %% education programmes directed of environmental education and 'O:#'P information programmes directed at a =5O5P >U instead include all the environmental # %%: education programmes directed '4 at other users through different # €'% environmental education activities 4 ''O#':P # %>' initiatives in the summer and cultural '%:4 = # :' !'> %4 >''%:' # >' relevant municipalities in the reserve >'''%:= #/2$ #1!U

EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS - ACTIVITIES

Area of the Giudicarie Esteriori – ABNP activities

Activities Area Target group Numbers of Period people involved

“Park and School” activities Giudicarie Students 1003 2011-2012 school Esteriori year

Activities at the Flora Park Stenico Visitors 197 2012 Centre

Activities at the S. Lorenzo S.Lorenzo in Visitors 83 2012 Centre Banale

Information initiatives Giudicarie Adults: tourists and 715 2012 Esteriori residents

$%'>%74+98"!

LEDRO ALPS 340 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda &,)% be extended to areas of the reserve , outside the park. 'H'O9)#1 !', $P,'%: ' >'V,% '%%, >'',>' professional training. '%%%'= !'%'>' 0> extent of the educational programmes >:>''%, ,)U

TOTAL PARTICIPANTS IN THE PARK’S EDUCATIONAL

9000 ACTIVITIES

7903 8000 7038 7000 6209 5825 6000 5739 5754 5072 5153 4843 5000 4012 4000 3115 3000

2000

1000 768

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

$%'>%5++"#RS

NUMBER OF PUPILS INVOLVED OUT OF THE TOTAL SCHOOL PUPILS IN THE PARK

7000

6000

2736 1779 5000 1767 1629 2141 1674 4000 No. of pupils not involved (park schools) 3000 No. of pupils involved (park Number pupils of schools) 4169 4199 2000 3710 3798 4002 3801

1000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 School year

$%'>%>!+++++#

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 341 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Title Date Description

Seminar on "Park Friday 16 November Exploring the role that areas with a high level of biological and values stretching 2012 in Caderzone landscape diversity can play in processes of sustainable local beyond the park”. development, directed at those working in the field, inhabitants and users of the protected area.

2nd Geoparks 18 and 19 February Organised to consolidate relations between Italian geoparks and share Workshop 2010, at the “Villa experience and projects, starting up collaboration with Italian parks that Santi” nature centre are about to enter the European and World network of UNESCO geoparks and discussing the management of the geological heritage.

“Open Park” From 19 to 24 Meeting-exchange of ideas between the park and local people, to get to October 2009 in know, listen to and understand each other, dispelling clichés based on various prejudice, which have no justification for existence, and constructing the municipalities in the future park together. Intended to support the review of the ultimate park management tool promoting the excellence of the protected area: the Park Plan.

20 years of evolution Caderzone, Palazzo The park celebrated the first twenty years of its existence with 3 days of in the Alps. Lodron Bertelli. events, initiatives, activities and meetings recalling what has been done The parks: players or Friday 23 May 2008 to date and confirming the park’s commitment to safeguarding nature in spectators in the future, but also to promoting sustainable development of the area. change? 1st national workshop Caderzone Terme – An exchange of ideas on the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism on the ECST 14 May with the park.

'LA VIA GEOALPINA' 24 July 2009 in UNESCO Dolomites, Geopark, the Geo-alpine route: not just protection, CONFERENCE Caderzone Terme but also business opportunities.

4th Geopark week 22 to 28 July 2012 Guided trips accompanied by geologists, nature evenings on geological (European Network of subjects and excursions along the stretch of the geo-alpine route within Geoparks) the park. $%'>%64+8"!

LEDRO ALPS 342 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda MUSEO CIVICO IN ROVERETO LEDRO NETWORK OF !'&1 RESERVES %%'!1 !'%H>, %H %J@]`% >'''%%% for numerous activities related to structure for teacher training % '%', >H >' :,= the use of robotics and giving them 5'>' the chance to share their experience , through this structure. infrastructure in this context.

BIOTOPES OFFICE OF THE 16.2.2 What facilities and AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF $ TRENTO will be) available for these !'%' activities? Autonomous Province of Trento plans The research and dissemination and carries out intervention directed at ,' educational and cultural enhancement %', % the relevant bodies. As regards ')J@@@ '> >:'% % of educational and informative ',, =5% % ,'%%, '%,= \ !',' providing for appropriate safeguarding depends on the programmes of =.'>' '=5' ' '>U and the updating of materials and # '', :>=5%>'' , >'%' > %/:/' 'V, . %+>= and the past commitment of the 4 JUDICARIA ECOMUSEUM # %'' Since 1999 the Ecomuseum has :, carried out various initiatives related '',,> % % %]w= using different methods and 4

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 343 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda # '%'%H %V%%>'> %'/)>: ,' ',M`=R also at provincial level. This is and representing an innovative directed at conservation and experience of this kind at provincial > level.

Tourist path on Ampola Pond

LEDRO ALPS 344 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 16.3 Contribution to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves

16.3.1 How will the proposed `=J4 biosphere reserve contribute # % to the World Network of over several centuries in the Biosphere Reserves, its %, Regional and Thematic %> Networks? %>'%4 !':> # %', '' ' the historic or current environmental >% %,%' ',,= ,'>: %>'' There are also another series of areas province represent assets for the >'''%' proposed reserve and a starting point and future activities could lead to for future initiatives. interesting experience and results for !'% '&)>: >'''%% ',' make a contribution of great value bodies involved: '&)>: # %%, ' of the activities carried out or the ', environmental characteristics present: ,%%' # :> 1!#4 +, # ''%> ',\> ' the Alps (as described in section relation to reducing the impact of `=J 'M # :>\ the opposite sense – of possible ''5' forms of interaction and reciprocal :>5, %4 #>2%' # ',%I0 'R@% sites (Brenta Dolomites and the 'V /. %+>=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 345 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 16.3.2 What are the expected activities described represents a good %H' cooperation for the biosphere %>'% reserve? % !'9)#1&>:% the letters of support ( see Annexes: %%, %115= problem-solving in situations similar !'>%% to those present in the proposed interest in terms of exchanging ideas: =5%'%%' # '% 'V ''5)!' – conservation and sustainable 95!,#'!, management – can represent a ! transversal element in international '91!%4 >''&= # >''& !'>:>'' V: bodies involved in the various change in the alpine environment.

16.4 Internal and external communication channels and media used by the biosphere reserve

16.4.1 Is (will) there (be) a '> biosphere reserve website? If >''>> yes, what is its URL? the nomination procedure for the !',% %%%'= '>%' !'>> %%M, %%,',= the nomination proposal and subjects :M>''' 16.4.3 Does (will) the Judicaria Ecomuseum1 and on the biosphere reserve belong to !>J. a social network (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)? —'%%%' 16.4.2 Is (will) there (be) an ,'% electronic newsletter? If yes, :U'%U€€>>>=:=€ how often will it be published? EcomuseoDellaJudicaria —''3 ,> 1 '%U€€>>>=+=€+++ J >>>=%=%==

LEDRO ALPS 346 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda .it

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IL MUSEO DELLE PALAFITTE DI FIAVÉ

PROVINCIA AUTONOMA DI TRENTO MUSEO DELLE PALAFITTE DI FIAVÉ Soprintendenza per i Beni librari archivistici e archeologici Via 3 Novembre, 53 – Fiavé (Trento) Ufficio Beni archeologici tel. 0465 735019 Via Aosta, 1 - Trento - tel. 0461 492161 [email protected] www.trentinocultura.net/archeologia.asp

+"K$ 4

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 347 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17. GOVERNANCE, BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

17.1 Management and coordination structure

17.1.1 What is the legal status 9)J@@@1>:' of the biosphere reserve? >:' 5>% >= %%' !'>,> :%' %%, countries. 9,/>]]€@~ '>',% 17.1.2 What is the legal status %,'% of the core area(s) and the government and decrees of the buffer zone(s)? President of the ProvinceJ. !',>: Within the zones of the proposed '>'' %'*# >= %%#51' The legal status of the Core Areas ' :'> %,= points: .''' # '1 >'') O5)85)!P, is hence subject to the additional '#' %/==]]€J@@~' ,', :`=J= :,' 1 !')J@@@>:J@†9 , ,=!'%R@†' ensure their conservation and '!R~†' '%'= '4 2 $===R@$J@@w=J?wKM # '',H Adoption of measures for general safeguarding >% #514 '%> $===J~J@@K=JJ~?+% *#4 U'OP$ $===JJ.,J@@~=RJ|M J@@?€]`~€1>'' 5*#4 $===R)J@@|=w@+]w~€M *#'O0P$ %4 ?J€`R€1>'' $===wJ@]@=]~?? #51=!'*# VM5 %*#4 #51:%'% $===JJJ@]@=JR~| V$]J€`€]R=KRJ+ Conservation measures for ZPSs.

LEDRO ALPS 348 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda !', /===w€J@@|>''% >'#' for a ban on construction and 5')J@@@ transformation for areas extraneous >:~|†=!'% 2€, >'% %]`=]=R '#' >'''=

N8+ the agricultural heritage and landscape for the purposes of 98 [N

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 349 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.1.3 Which administrative authorities have competence for each zone of the biosphere reserve (core area(s), buffer zone(s), transition area(s))? '>' competence in the various areas is given in the next Table. For further ]`=]=R=

Core Areas Buffer areas Transition Areas

PAT PAT PAT

CAGL, CdG CAGL, CdG CAGL, CdG

PNAB PNAB

Municipalities of Ledro, Municipalities of Bondone., Storo, Municipalities of Bleggio Tenno, Stenico, S. Lorenzo in Ledro, Tenno, Stenico, S. Lorenzo in Superiore, Storo, Ledro, Tenno, Banale, Dorsino, Riva del Banale, Dorsino, Riva del Garda, Stenico, S. Lorenzo in Banale, Garda, Comano Terme Comano Terme Dorsino, Fiavè, Comano Terme

'6%?/4Q

17.1.4. Clarify the respective local authorities through legislation in competence of each of ''9 these authorities. Make a Provinciale (provincial planning distinction between each zone '%%>'/==w€J@@|= if necessary and mention any ]~=]=J>' decentralized authority. '%%%'' 5'%'' 9 Autonomous Province of Trento has '%, %,H ',% '5#' >'', on the basis of the Special Statue of %,%, ,>'$ the Area Plan of the CdG and the =K~@R]=|=~J'%, '1/' competence as regards numerous >%,% ' >'',' and protection of the area. content of forest and mountain The Autonomous Province of Trento planning provisions. regulates the management of the area I''%>' '%, %','

LEDRO ALPS 350 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda EN9?@'&

9'% 17.1.5 Indicate the main land '0 tenure (ownership) for each ,>'' zone. competence for management of these !'',% areas to the PNAB or municipalities >'%' ''')>: ,'', ''%%%' collective management of natural =!'#51' resources characterising the proposed protected areas (in the proposed %' %''#51. %?= /% Within the core areas almost all ,,'= ??†%,>,

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 351 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %= 17.1.7 Are there consultative Within the buffer zones around ?w† advisory or decision-making %,> $< ,%>2 council, general assembly of land high in the mountains. inhabitants of the reserve) !''V for each zone or for the whole >%% biosphere reserve? >'%>'w@†' 5,'% %'V, 'M%, of their meetings. >= 5' 17.1.6 Is there a single structures stated in the previous manager/coordinator of the ', biosphere reserve or are %'RU several people in charge of # '#1 managing it? If one manager/ %%, coordinator, who designates 4 and employs him/her (national # '.>''' authorities, environmental %%,4 administrative agency, local # '#1 authorities)? responsible for providing technical %%= Coordination of the Biosphere ,' For details see the box in section 1,' ]~=]=|= Permanent Secretariat for operational aspects. For details see the box in 17.1.8 Has a coordination ]~=]=|= structure been established ! reserve?

5, %' relative proportion of each group ' competence. !'' and coordination of the management structures are described in the >=

LEDRO ALPS 352 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda GOVERNANCE OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

INTRODUCTION The models of governance provided for to manage the “Ledro Alps and 3P9)#1%': %'!% ,,'%'= 5'pre-recognition phase'& 9'%%' '#1%%' '&%,1!>''% &,>''%9)#1 recognition is obtained. 5'post-recognition phase,'' %H'%%' ,'>% ,U # 1>'>+:%>4 # #1%%,4 # #',% '%%4 # >.'/%3%, '%%'%%4 # !'+#1=

THE PROGRAMME AGREEMENT AS A WIDELY USED INSTRUMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF TRENTO !'%,%> =RJ@@K|%%'?> in Trentino. Programme Agreements are used to establish understandings >%H %'' provided for. Considering the need to avoid the creation of a new managing body '>'% organisations believe that it is preferable to organise the management of the %'''=

!',,%' '%% %''%:' ':'>'>:=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 353 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda THE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANS PROVIDED FOR BY THE PROGRAMME AGREEMENT The Executive Committee !'1>'%% %:> ''9)#1%',>'' '', =!'1>|%' %R%'% %'% %=#%,'' %''9)#1%''' !'+):' O/%P)>:>%=

!'%%'>U !'>%]]U +|'%'' >U 1. !'%'1'' %4 J= '125&#1''%' 5&#'%4 R= '18'1 /'%''1 '%4 `= ')'%''%4 w= '%''%' &,'&%,1!'%' %,'&,4 K= 'O/%P)>:'%' '>:'%4 ~= '%'' '%'%,'' 4 8. '2%3'%' Chairman or his representative. +R'%'%% '%%= !'>,:,%' 9)#1%'U 1. %'%' 4

LEDRO ALPS 354 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda J= >''MAB National Committee9)#1 '4 R= putting into effect the Management Plan availing itself of the Permanent #4 `= proposing amendments or additions to the Management Plan to the #14 w= ,%''& V'%4 K= :',,'& 4 ~= presenting an annual report on the progress of implementation of area '9)#1%''#14 8. %,>''!'+#1=5, %'%%>:4 9. >''.,=5,' %%%>:4 10. %%%>:'' #4 11. :,'%%''H' 9)#1%'''= !'>'#' 5&#'%% |'=!'> ',''5&#'%>'> :'#,'R, >''',>V K=!'>>'H,' %>'',H,' %=!''> ,%,'=

Permanent Secretariat !'%>' #'1215 &#5&#>'''9)#1 %'=!'>, ':'%%')>: >'':' ,''% and technical support to other organs of the Biosphere. !'#>''>:U 1. 5>'14 J= 5>'#1>''

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 355 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 1%>:4 R= 5>'!'+#1>' '1>''% 4 `= 5>%%'.]@% %%'/%)>:'3 Ecomuseum. w= 5>%'%%' '9)#1%''%' &''= K= 5>%'' &' '9)#1%'>= ~= 5>,%'= 8. 5,:V%'>' ,'' ''H'9)#1 Biosphere.

The Steering Committee !'#1'%',' 'R' associations and environmental protection groups. !'1'':%,% control. !'1>%JwU +JJ>,+>%'% '&9' %,U # for the Autonomous Province of Trento: the Councillor for the Environment '%4 # '+):U''%4 # '1U''%4 # '1R/U'' %4 # '1215&#U'' %4 # '1215&1'4'' %4 # '&%1!#%$. #/2#!/# U'&,'%4 # for the Apt Terme di Comano-Dolomiti di Brenta: the President or his

LEDRO ALPS 356 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %4 # '%5U''%4 # '12%!8/U'' %4 # '12!81'U'' %4 # for the Associazione Pro Ecomuseo della Judicaria “Dalle Dolomiti al PU'1''%=

+R'%'%% '%%4 !'>'':%,+:' '1=#%,U 1. 5>'H '9)#1%'4 J= 5>%%''+,&>'%% ,'14 R= 5>%%'''H'& 4 `= 5>'1,' '9)#1%'4 w= 5>,' ,'''9)#1%'= !'>,'#> '1,=

Area Forums !'>.'%% %,' '%'=>%,' >= !'>.%,'> ''>'%%' parties: # '>%,','O/%P)>: 4 # '>,>'%'/>: >''3= 5'%%'%, '+:%'9)#1%'' %>%.>%U 1. !'/%.U'>>''., '''O/%P)>:>

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 357 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,,'%,>''>' ':>''14 J= !'3.U'>''3 >,,'2 3O$$P>''>' ':>''14

!'.>%'%%' %>'%'%% 2>''%'' H>%=!', '%%>%>':' 1>''#>%' ,':',=!' 1:%'.>' explaining the reasons behind them.

!"# !'!'+#1''%%%- ,'1,'- = !'',,,'%- >'''5&# the instructions of the Executive Committee. !''9)#1%'!'+#1' %,,'#1:! '/=]]€J@@~=

25 members BIM Sarca - Mincio - Garda (Institutions, stakeholders) PERMANENT STEERING OMMITTEE 11 members SECRETARIAT

(Institutions and stakeholders

control Approves management plan representatives) Provides technical, logistical function Policy and Convenes at least once a and administrative support year Coordination EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Scientific committee for parks and protected areas in Trentino Draws up management plan proposal Public forum Carrying out the management plan (citizens, associations) TECHNICAL SCIENTIFIC Convenes at least three times a year AREA FORUMS COMMITTEE Decision making support support Provide proposals, ideas function function Scientific Scientific Supports and advices Convene at least once a year executive committee Participation Convenes at least once a year

Coordinated by: Coordinated by: Ledro Alps Network Judicaria of Reserves Ecomuseum

LEDRO ALPS 358 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ACTION 1 ACTION 2 ACTION 3 ACTION 4 PERMANENT SECRETARIAT PHASE PHASE

44 MANAGEMENT PLAN CARRYING OUT EXECUTIVE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT PLAN ENDORSEMENT

STEERING COMMITTEE PHASE MAKING

33 DECISION

BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT PLAN PROPOSAL

EXECUTIVE TECHNICAL SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT COMMITTEE 22 PHASE COMMITTEE PROPOSAL

PLANS POLICIES STRATEGIES IDEAS PROJECTS VISIONS

INSTITUTIONS CITIZENS – STAKEHOLDERS  AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF TRENTO AREA FORUM ALPI LEDRENSI  MUNICIPALITIES 11  TOURIST OFFICES AREA FORUM JUDICARIA PHASE  NATURAL PARK PARTICIPATION

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 359 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5' %%,' '', %'=' ''% of the manager/coordinator of the >:'%>%' %' '5,','O/ !', %3P% :' J@]`' , direction. expression of the promoting bodies '%' because the representatives of '>''' %>'''' %,' ''&, =

17.1.9 How is the management/coordination adapted to the local situation? The management organs of the reserve are all an expression of ' ,', the case of municipalities and the ,'%: 5&!=

17.1.10 Is there a procedure for evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of the management? No procedure for evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of the management has been prepared ,=5' environmental and socioeconomic '' ]w=]=J>' the Programme Agreement. ++8 ' +9$ +

LEDRO ALPS 360 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '{/]`

17.2.1 Describe any important >''' ] %> or the use of natural resources %, in the area considered (and %> precise period if accurate). in order to guarantee more lasting and If the biosphere reserve has effective results. contributed to preventing The changes made to the or resolving some of these &9 ]<_` 'V' been resolved or prevented, Programme Agreement provide for and how this was achieved for the involvement of associations each zone. representing farmers – one of the As regards limiting access to most representative categories the use of the natural resources ',% present in the proposed Biosphere %\ ' more than others – hunters and that in Trentino protected areas environmental protection groups ,R@†', '= >'% !'>' =!R%, ,% >>%%' >' :>''' '>'% area. of active protection and economic !'%%%' %''> '> > ensuring that the public understands protected areas. that balanced area management %%%, I''%',' of sustainable development and the Autonomous Province of Trento is competitiveness of the area. '%+> 5'>' %%'> that the setting up of the proposed involvement/convincing/orchestration %'>' >'= %,> 5'% ' ,+%%%' as compared to the provisions of

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 361 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda existing legislation. >>4 !'\>'' # '€' during the phases to prepare the ' nomination concerned: ''% # % '%%%' ', >> '%,' hunting as compared to the current 1, situation. ]w=R=J=`=] 5>''' regarding nitrogen emissions communication and information in the environment and having >%, V '%'%% the area (in some periods of the nomination. ,%''V,

THE PETITION AGAINST THE PBR AND THE PRESUMED CONFLICT WITH HUNTERS .>%'J@]R%2/ organised a collection of signatures among those opposed to the initiative. !'%%,]|R?>'&%, /]J@]R>'1' !'9)#1=

THE PETITION: EXTENT AND LIMITATIONS !''%V|=]@='> '>,'%%' =

'',%%%'%' '%''',, %,',%= 0>'%'%% %=5', ,'%,' ,%,:',%'= !':%'>''%%' &9#%J@]R, >',>>%%,=

5''%U # '>'I0& %O9)#1'P4

LEDRO ALPS 362 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda # ,:O%%%P>' instead developed as a result of an initiative from an association – the M>'''%']w,4 # ''%%O% '%%P>'>' commitments of the organisations promoting the reserve. These have %'' '%'''4 # ,:O''P>'' &%','%%H, safeguard and manage the area in a sustainable manner.

.%>'%U # '%'''4 # '>>'%>' ',%=

.''''%,:%' &%,/''%, %,=5>'%'% ,'%'%H' '%= 5%''%>'' :%>,J@@K'/%% '%,'R%J@@` %>%%:,'''% '=0>'>'>%%'' %:U,'O9)#1%'P >%:,:'& %'%',9)#1: %,, %+'%%=!' >',%% >%:''%'> '=5%,'% %%',' ''= !'%%,%%,,' &%,/''%%' addition of a representative of local hunters to the Executive Committee '#1>'% %%>%,%'

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 363 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %,>''%' '',','>%= !'%')$>'' list of public meetings open to all and the activities promoted in the area ''$,' '%%''%' %'%, '''511'=' ''''%\M O1,/%'$/:PM >,''% %'H'>%%= !'%%''%>% '>%', 9)#1%,:V% ,'%= !'%%%%% >':,,'%%>'' have taken on board certain aspects in order to reinforce initiatives related to %%','511= !''w@@@% \'J@]`|=]`=

A FEW AGAINST, MANY IN FAVOUR: CIVIL SOCIETY IN SUPPORT OF THE PBR %'% '',%,'% their desire to demonstrate their support for the nomination. Thanks to the commitment of the Judicaria Ecomuseum and the collaboration of the %%%' >%%% ''%''' suggestions and advice coming from the local area. There are indeed a >%'+ %%= 2'>'+ %'''>':>' %%,>''&= %,,,>' H%'%, %%' ,%%,>',

LEDRO ALPS 364 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %,>'''&%=

!'%%'''H, 2>''',%%', %%'%%%%'=

'%%?@ scattered over the >''=!'' '~@@@. The supporting :%|=?>'''=

Legend S. LORENZO IN BANALE supporting associations nr: 5 ! associations supporting the nomination members average nr: 350 Proposed Biosphere municipalities

STENICO ± DORSINO supporting associations nr: 2 members average nr: 65 COMANO TERME S. LORENZO IN BANALE STENICO supporting associations nr: 3 DORSINO members average nr:187 !!! STENICO !

BLEGGIO SUPERIORE ! ! supporting associations nr: 9 ! ! members average nr: 580 !!!! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! COMANO FIAVE' BLEGGIO ! ! TERME supporting associations nr: 4 SUPERIORE ! members average nr: 420 FIAVE' COMANO TERME supporting associations nr: 13 LEDRO members average nr: 1.100 supporting associations nr: 16 members average nr: 1.550 TENNO TENNO ! STORO supporting associations nr: 12 ! ! supporting associations nr: 19 !! members average nr: 590 ! ! members average nr: 2040 ! RIVA DEL ! ! GARDA ! !! ! LEDRO !! ! RIVA DEL GARDA supporting associations nr: 1 STORO !!! RIVA DEL members average nr: 170 !!! ! GARDA ! !!

!!! BONDONE BONDONE supporting associations nr: 5 members average nr: 210 05102,5 km

.'>''''%%','% 'II.>'''5,=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 365 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda POSSIBLE COLLABORATION: CONSOLIDATED RELATIONS BETWEEN HUNTERS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN DECIDING AND IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE PBR

!'>' '>,,>,'' '%>''>'%' ','%= !''%>'K'R%' &%,/'%,%,' %,'>%U

1. J@@w''>%% %'%%, '#=,>'V'' %H'>%>''' ,,''=!' >''>'>''>:U

Environmental improvement activities planned and implemented by hunters’ associations present in Ledro, commissioned by the Municipality with PSR funding Size of area Approx. cost Year of PSR Action (ha) (000 euro) application Dromaè 1 3 2006 Gatum 1 3 2006 Mughè 1 3 2006 Valbela 1 3 2006 Vies 1,2 3,6 2006 Campel 1 3 2005 Marogna 1,7 5,1 2008 Saval 1,4 4,2 2008 Visì 2 6 2008 Visì 2 1,5 4,5 2008 Marogna 2 1,1 3,3 2008 Malga Dromaè 1,4 4,2 2008 Malga Guì 0,7 2,1 2008 Marogna 3 1 3 2009 TOTAL 17 51

LEDRO ALPS 366 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda J= $'\'! '21!%', %''>',U' 2'V'“Environmental improvement plan for the purposes of fauna in the Municipality of Ledro” (2010) >+,'&%,/'., .$%!=!'%+,% ''',%'' %,'0 Directive. $'%''' >'>'''/ 'R= 5'% >''%,'%%%, >''/'R=!'% >,'''#)= R= !'>%' Agreement for the Ledro Alps Network of Reserves (2012)>'' %' >'>'=

Public meetings or meetings directed specifically at representatives of Ledro hunters’ associations to decide on projects for the first year of the Ledro Alps NR implementation plan

Parties present Scope Date

Preliminary information, Ledro hunters’ associations collection of observations 23 July 2012

Storo and Bondone hunters’ Preliminary information, associations collection of observations 3 August 2012

`= !'>''''%%' >%'&')>:= w= .'%'''%%' '>'''> '%%,'' 5!|=?=I' '%:,'21! – the association representing almost all hunters in Trentino – is also ,%=.>'%>

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 367 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda the provincial Councillor for the Environment and the President of the |=]R'''>% >%'' '%'H=

H+*

LEDRO ALPS 368 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 5' %, the process to set up the proposed ,= %'> 5 carried out to provide information ']~=]=~€| > '>, initiatives that could give rise to fears >''''/ or suspicions as regards further Partner from among the local bodies limitations to the use of resources >, linked to the setting up of protected mutual agreement in the context of areas. the Programme Agreement. 5''% '`=R 17.2.3 Explain the means used >' ]< % their effectiveness. >'' As described in detail in section up a process of delocalization and ]~=J=]'% %>' %%, natural resources. % !',) contrasting free choice in terms of |=]'% ,>',%, %'1!#>% % the same series of initiatives. =.'' '%% 17.2.2 If there are any %,' ] been the main means used to among the different ,\''= administrative authorities 5'' in the management of the >''>'% biosphere reserve, describe ' these. '% )\':' >'> '%' !>'% %%%'= '%%=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 369 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.3 Representation, participation and consultation of local communities

17.3.1 At what stages # '') in the existence of a through projects such as the biosphere reserve have 1!#š,4 local people been involved: # % design of the biosphere implement the main planning reserve, drawing up of the ''9 management/cooperation plan, ,%4 implementation of the plan, # '3%H= day to day management of the Therefore numerous activities to raise biosphere reserve? Give some >'H': _ %''>,= As pointed out in other parts of the !'%%% ==]w '%%%' %%'> .,J@]R ,''H `=K=]=1 '&,' ,>'' implementation of sustainable '%, development projects based on the '%%,H exploitation of existing local resources '>'! linked to the area: R=J&&' # '&%, J@]R= /' #V,' %,%4 >''% # '&% 5/ !1 '&%,1 information through the press and !'#/2 #`=K=]]~=J=] in Banale and Dorsino in the involving a considerable number of &%,#/2+ citizens. The meetings concerned in $%J@]w particular: the Giudicarie esteriori # ,'%' # '%'/% &' 4 %V # %&#4 %4 # >'+ # % :) %

LEDRO ALPS 370 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda V= =>''' 5' presented all the activities %R=] >,=!'>%' guarantee the involvement of the local information and documents related ,U '>' and proposals emerging from the # ', =5> ''4 %>''% # >%. > %%%>: %' life and associations are provided >:= for. # %% # '%> %%, % ,%%' '%>>>>= %=='3 'O/%3P >>>=+ 9)#1%'=

89+9j+ E4!K

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 371 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.3.2 Describe how the biosphere reserve). local people (including —%% women and indigenous >,= communities) have been, .''1 and/or are represented 8,J=@%%' in the planning and %%% management of the ,' biosphere reserve link to the MAB project at their site. (e.g., assembly of .''% representatives, >%,%''' consultative groups). >'%H'%% #`=K]~=J]~=R=] %'U '>,>'' # %' consultation and involvement of the '' local communities took place. better conditions of life for future '> 4 ,% # %% the local communities and all the %,V,' %=!'> environment and possibilities for %>''' '4 %>, # '' >''%', ' '%'&, dissemination and the direct involved. management of area resources. !'#1>' !'&%% representatives of all the local '>'& '>'' 9'>% ' '> nomination dossier in detail. includes numerous projects emerging ,'%, 17.3.3 Describe the '5%%H% ! ,':%' people in the proposed = biosphere reserve (e.g., potential impacts of the 17.3.4 What form does this biosphere reserve on representation take (e.g., youth, consideration of companies, associations, their interests and needs, environmental associations, incentives to encourage them trade unions)? to participate actively in the %:U governance system of the # '

LEDRO ALPS 372 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %,' $<< administrative organs. The election of representatives, administrative organs are made traditional authorities)? of up of various organisations: !',%% %, is based on representatives of the '%'%: , 4 or nominated on the basis of # >.% '%]~=]=|= %]~=]=|4 !'% # '%% communicating an exchanging ideas ' >''%' from various kinds of bodies and ,% |=]]= bodies of the local communities from 17.3.5 Are there procedures ',=% for integrating the ,'%, representative body of local ,!=

S"K*480*SK

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 373 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.3.6 How long-lived are %%,' consultation mechanisms %H4 (permanent assembly, # '' have been laid for involvement projects)? Make a complete through the prioritising of local description of this representation in management and consultation. What are the through to permanent consultation roles of involved stakeholders %'4 compared to the role of the # ' biosphere reserve? R'R ]~=R=]]~=R=w environmental protection describe in detail the consultation associations in the management ''=5 ', recalled once again that: ,'%% # '% '> relation to the proposed Biosphere ' designed to consolidate relations processes took place using similar >'''' '>' '>'' H'V :>' to a certain extent extending >''% '%>, >>' encouraging the maintenance of ,\>'''=

N++U expert

LEDRO ALPS 374 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.3.7 What consultation 17.3.8 Do women participate mechanisms have been used, in community organizations and who has been involved? and decision-making |! processes? Are their or long-term? What impacts interests and needs given have they had on decision- equal consideration? What making processes (decisional, incentives or programmes consultative or merely to are in place to encourage inform the population)? their representation ]~=R=]+K and participation (e.g.: `=K'% was(were) a “gender impact numerous communication tools: assessment(s)” carried out)? %?=` '%>: '%>>' %%% , >%' %=!'> Municipal '>'%> Area Mayors councillors †>'U Giudicarie and Ledro !', municipalities 18.2 22.8 >''% situation as regards municipal Province of Trento 12.0 24.8 >''% Italy 11.4 20.5 >&,,'' "] than average. administrations ,'' alternation in terms of the gender of > '%% >' the characteristics of the proposal or elected to head certain institutions. 55%= This is the case of: At the numerous meetings local # ''14 administrators have had the chance # '1 to inform citizens of the content of the 12 %%,:= /4 !': # '1 '> 5'12 ''%%= Ledro. !'%,V >'' context.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 375 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.4. The management/cooperation plan/policy:

17.4.1 Is there a management/ +Z$=Z cooperation plan/policy for the contained in the framework stated in biosphere reserve as a whole? article 2 as its substantive content, The Management Plan of the also with the scope of extending, %', developing and possibly modifying >%=!', this. The participation of different %%,'%, local players will be ensured in the =!'OP drawing up and implementation of the H'%' Management Plan for the UNESCO Management Plan are presented in Biosphere, effectively implementing ]R=J=!'% the management organs provided for enclosed in Annex 8.11.c...... with a view to stimulating the active !'&> role of the different actions in the %%,'#1 implementation phase and of pursuing J|J@]`>% the real sustainability and feasibility of an integral part of the Programme the plan”. ]~=`=' %'%' `+O/" >%'& three-year period” +'> soon as possible.. %,''+, #%,'& %'9)#1%' Plan lists numerous projects referring %' to three areas of sustainable %' %, ,U ,#,=R # )4 the Programme Agreement states # Sustainable economic that “The Management Plan for %4 the UNESCO Biosphere sets itself # #' +Z$ information. supplementing operational strategies, 5'>' Z" the objective of gathering together underway in the area, encouraging ,,% their diffusion and application ,>, throughout the Biosphere area. or provided for in some parts of the The Management Plan takes the >'%' = '>''=5

LEDRO ALPS 376 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda '%,>+ :' V%%>'% education on sustainable development >: R>)R no sense for the Management Plan %`=J '%'% '> '%' >'%>'' ',= implement environmental education %,',' The Management Plan should rather )'/%)>: >: >'&9# document serving to coordinate !+>''' ,>,% />:/$+ ,'%% the Architectural and Archaeological in the management of the designated 0'&1 ' '3 of the three fundamental functions of Ecomuseum. '%'= '>: 5' %' Management Plan of the Biosphere dissemination and sustainable >': development in the Ledro area ]'5% ''')/1%H '/%)>: >' =`=R' an integrated development plan are Adamello Brenta Park Plan (Annex >''/5.‡!) =`=J' %H1]?J. )J@@@ Letters of support for the nomination R=R,% &9#._' '91 and the plan .2&''>' '>= the main provincial research institutes %J' '>''>' %>>''%' %%,'' ,)R1!# ', |=]'%, >'O% ''.2 %,P|=]] $9)#1 % >''&' '''%> /)>:>''> %,%' >'% 2 I'1]?'/5.‡!)H %= %%,%>'' /8,=!' .,% '%', %%' 1 9I9 2=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 377 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda %%, %%,%%'== activities for the local population and )R1!#:' :'=,% %,%' for in the case of the Management 1== ':')>: %% V 17.4.3 Do local authorities implementation. formally adopt the 5'%% management/cooperation % plan? Are local authorities ,% making reference to it in other bringing together all the public and policies and/or plans? If so, %%,%% please provide details. the sustainable development of the !'%>,, , %%,' %,= in the area. :>'% ]~=`=]' 17.4.2 Which actors are &>, involved in preparing the rooted in existing planning management/cooperation ,>''' plan? How are they involved? ,H>'', !''%, '>'''%' %%'%>'' , 1 manner. K'& 5>','>' 9R=]>' >:%'% '#1>''' instruments and programmes the task of approving the proposal of the promoting organisations '%, %) %,= >: According to the provisions of article '%'' K'%>>%%, coordinating opportunities that it %%'''' offers and the active protection and O%' sustainable development initiatives ,%%':'P ',,' ,'.= Management Plan of the reserve. 5'' '%' '%>'% '>%

LEDRO ALPS 378 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.4.4 What is the duration of %', the management/cooperation %'>: plan? How often is it revised # 5 or renegotiated? ,% !'>']@ ',% ,>''+,,% # ' %% UI0# =]J+= and the historic and architectural heritage # %'OP 17.4.5 Describe the contents ''V,% of the management/ # Extension of EMAS and CETS cooperation plan. Does it registration consist of detailed measures # Continuation of educational or detailed guidelines? Give %'' some examples of measures and the public or guidelines advocated by the # &' plan? (Enclose a copy). >:% The main actions contained in the the traditional media draft Management Plan include the # &>O# >U PU>,5#% # Direct actions in favour of '''% # Landscape map and mapping of >%:% %'' galliformes # Protection of reproductive and # ,', migration areas # 1 # &>+% and completion of series of '> publications of an archaeological/ # &, ethnographic or historic/artistic %% % ,% # ,%% \ '>%, # 'R For further details see Annex 8.11.c. ',> # %, &,' resources and the reduction of ,%% emissions conservation the future Management # Organisation of collective public >:' transport services conservation measures provided for # Enhancement/extension of )J@@@the protection

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 379 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda measures in the Park Plan and the # '%' actions contained in the project for `=R the implementation of the Ledro Alps %%H4 )>:M`=R # '%' `=R>'',= )R5J1`=J: As regards socioeconomic >,4 % # '/4 , # 'QšR%H= ,% ,'>,>''', '%%%H '%>% %,U detailed indications of other actions # '&# >''%, %'>' '&9 '%%%'4 ,% # ''1!# ]R')$=5 |=]1!#'>'' '''%> %%%'4 also represent a useful coordinating # '%%' %%, municipalities in the Covenant of ''=5> &,4 %' # '% >''%H %'%>''& '>' >:4 %H>,' # '%# '%,!)%H %'= action 19.

17.4.7 Is the plan binding? Is it 17.4.6 Indicate how this based on a consensus? management/cooperation $'%%,' addresses the objectives >'>'''%>>% of the proposed biosphere >,' reserve (as described in H,' section 13.1). population. #]R=J% 5', >'%' '%> &' guarantee the establishment of a series of themes/objectives. These >%,' include a series of projects belonging implementation of the plan. >'' ',H'U 1 5U%

LEDRO ALPS 380 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.4.8 Which authorities are in 17.4.9 Which factors impede or charge of the implementation help its implementation (e.g.: of the plan, especially in reluctance of local people, the buffer zone(s) and the ]` transition area(s)? Please levels of decision-making). provide evidence of the role of With the exceptions of the points raised these authorities. ]~=J=]% !'&> \' coordinate the responsibilities of the '% >'' '%> jurisdiction: %,'%% 5'2U hunting associations. The reason for '%%>:' # '2U that the setting up of the proposed ')'%:4 %' '%:' limitation of hunting activities. &%,#> On the other hand there are a series of manage the area through its >'',' >''> >,U ,',% # '%H% >'%,'94 '>,>''' # 2U ,'>%' '&%/ 4 !>'' # '%' manage their areas through their > >>%>''> different administrative bodies of ,', :]]% %>'%, >,'' '94 # '2U' R=] >''>>' &94 '#51 # '%%%% %& recorded during the public '>%4 4 # %%, in the transition area: numerous bodies of different kinds # '%>'' %%|=?= '> '' ,', positive factors in relation to reception %>'%, of the proposal and a consensus as '9= '>=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 381 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.4.10 Is the biosphere %, reserve integrated in regional/ % national strategies? Vice >'''= versa, how are the local/ !'H, municipal plans integrated in >'''%' the planning of the biosphere project. reserve? .'% !'%' ,'O##P >'% ,'# range of strategies aimed at $%!%% safeguarding natural resources and J@]R>'''': encouraging balanced socioeconomic %,%% development. At national level and methods of application for one cannot fail to cite the National sustainable development in the #,,': ' >''O,, % %>= 8% '% %>>'' ''', &, can continue to support economic illustrated in the previous section %%,'> ]~=`=]=.''&%H %'% >:% '>, experience and a long process of P= '>'' This is in turn structured around the '%')>: Communication of the European >''> 1O part of the future planning of the area. %U9, #,J@J@P>'' ,%% 17.4.11 Indicate the main ,>'''' source of the funding and the importance for the development of estimated yearly budget. ''>' The principle of responsible ':',,= ,%%% At supranational level it is also '=5 appropriate to mention the Alpine is therefore neither plausible nor 1%'J@]R '!'>' >''`'%' state of Alps: “Sustainable tourism in the running of the reserve. '%P=!'' '%>'

LEDRO ALPS 382 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,> the management of the Biosphere %,%,U >, !'8,1' %%,', %%,, structured and specialised. making use of funds coming from The costs of the operations centre ',,% provided for in article 11 of the %,,' > %,,'5&= ,'>: As regards the division of costs ''5&# '%' ]R=K= >',,>' #,'' '' %M>''' regards the proportional number of been suggested could be at Castel '=.'%, #M'>, %,# PAT. >' :' >''%% %'= %' H, of management for the reserve >'>' operational skills of the various bodies ,%'= As no remuneration is provided for '%%, '>:''% >' coordination costs and communication costs '> %%%=>' an expected annual budget of around w@@@@X=5, to consider that the presence of a number of promoting organisations >'H,' ')% '''' makes considerable economies %U'>

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 383 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 3N

LEDRO ALPS 384 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 17.5 Conclusions the forefront in the management '% >''%%' urbanistico provincial (provincial %'' 17.5.1 In your opinion, >''J@@|' what will ensure that both %%, the functioning of the , biosphere reserve and the % structures in place will be >''%', satisfactory? Explain why ': and how, especially regarding the planning schemes of the municipalities. functions of biosphere The presence of the Adamello- reserves (conservation, ):'/ development, logistic) and %)>:' the participation of local Judicaria Ecomuseum and the Ledro communities. >:>'' !'>' cultural and natural sites managed ,' , '%%%' ' distinguishes a local environment %>'' ''',' and development objectives of the ,%% reserve. and the administrative foresight of Environmental and sustainable local and provincial governments development education is ensured ',='% ,'>:%' a consolidated and appropriate +%:&9# : >''%= sustainable future for the Biosphere !'>' = ''&' The area nominated has a and Kessler foundations and the >% &1= >' .,' ', has seen the integrated action of cultural values for future generations. %,% The proof lies in ancient cultural '' '' '' rights and municipal statutes. From '/ '''J@', ' the Province of Trento has been at '%>''

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 385 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda and promoting the use of local %'> products. !'' The extensive presence of the Sarca and Chiese rivers (both %, %' % >'$ ,'' /:', '%%' %>, citizens have the chance to participate and one nature park. in the management of social and The proposing organisations are economic activities. ',' I'',%% %%'' changes to the Memorandum of '% 9' expected for local communities in Agreement and the Management '> >' =!', the greater and more enthusiastic %%'>: involvement of the communities %'%%, %, not to be missed for sustainable ' development of the area and a %%'%% chance to disseminate good practice >' >''' '',,' %, %J@]R '= %>O/%3P

LEDRO ALPS 386 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 18. SPECIAL DESIGNATIONS

It is recognized the :,=5'2, importance of the following ,%>'V sites: \'= a) UNESCO World Heritage !'%%,' Site best examples of the preservation !'%%%' of Mesozoic carbonate platform >I0 ,>'=P >% # !'$ !'%+> # '> >'I0# the Alps J@]]Rw1&|=Rw=5' %%%'', !'$ %. M/:1 ' &/=' I0#J@@?RR1&|=K '%U€€>'==€€€]RKR€ ,%'%% O!'%%,]]] %'>' individual sites encompasses the the Brenta Dolomites. As stated at the %'%+> '%U€€>'==€€€]JR~€ ' “The site of the Dolomites comprises '%w@@@ a mountain range in the northern w@@=1=': 5%]|%: >=, >''R@@@ '' ]`]?@R'=5 ,'%' some of the most beautiful mountain into life in prehistoric times during the %,>'>' Neolithic and Bronze Age in Alpine >''', %'>, >%,= >''G= %%,'% !'V% ,%% %,>+% ,'' %',:,% >''' %:>' %', also contains glacial landforms and ,'=

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 387 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda [%'^%'*[+++0

LEDRO ALPS 388 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda b) RAMSAR Wetland 5!R]J@]~~5!R]J@]w?5!R]J@@K| Convention Site 5!R]J@@K?5!R]J@]J~5!R]J@@~K No sites are present. 5!R]J@@?R5!R]J@@?K5!R]J@@?` 5!R]J@]RR5!R]J@]`@= c) Other international/regional `=J')J@@@ conservation conventions/ >:' directives (specify) >:'>=!'% RK†'' J@†9 %%%' ,=!'% ,, R@†' >'')J@@@% !=!'>: >:%,#15€# >%U'OP

[%'^%?IS

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 389 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda J@@?€]`~€1' d) Long term monitoring site O0P?J€`R€1= (specify) !'OP%> !'> birds in Europe and is designed to great interest in terms of fauna and '' ',U vulnerable or threatened species. The # '1/4 O0P' # '/#= application of protection measures to The Bocca di Caset site is a pass of '''% the greatest importance at alpine level in terms of post-reproductive migration more than 1000 species. =!',%

[%'^%&*

LEDRO ALPS 390 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ,'9'*# !']@,!' '%' provided for a series of permanent core area of the proposed Biosphere %>''% `=]`=w= monitoring populations. The site is ]K=]=] 'H%', ]??R'' '9,! ,%'' ]K=]=&===J@@|= ,&9#= At the ornithological station post- e) Long Term Ecological reproductive migration is monitored Research (LTER site) from the middle of August until the No sites are present. =#]??~' has been included in the ‘Progetto f) Other (specify) %R%H !'. %% ,5#&9#>''' ')J@@@>: seen the participation of more than '90$ R~''' '%= 5%=&'~@% 5'+ have been recorded and almost migration of amphibians and since ]@@@@@ J@@@' ''%, ']~=J= valuable conservation area (Negra et !',, =J@@K= the Associazione Pro Ecomuseo The Ludrin site regards a forest !R)1 ,H $%1&= 'w@,=5 2/=J@@K=J@]]= >''9,

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 391 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 19. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS (TO BE SUBMITTED WITH NOMINATION FORM)

1. Location and zonation map with coordinates

1.1 Location and zonation map (1:50.000) (find map attached)

2. Vegetation map or land cover map

2.1 Land cover map (1:50.000) (find map attached)

2.2 Natura 2000 Habitats map (1:50.000) (find map attached )

3. List of legal documents

3.1 Memorandum of Understanding, September 2013 = ') = #%,ª5! = %%ª5!

3.2 Provincial Council Policy directive n. 411, March 2013 = ') = #%,5!

3.3 Natura 2000 conservation measures = 5#15R) = $KRJ€J@]R5!

3.4 PUP (provincial planning scheme) = !9%,') = &%)# = />w€J@@|5!

3.5 Provincial Law n. 11/2007 = ,'/>]]€@~) = !/>]]€@~5!

4. List of land use and management/cooperation plans

4.1 CdG Preliminary PTC document (ENG)

4.2 PNAB park plan a. Description sheet of 5JH) = %,%','5!

4.3 Ledro Alps Network of Reserves a. Project implement') b. Project implement'5! = %5!

5. Species list (to be annexed)

5.1 List of flora

5.2 List of fauna

LEDRO ALPS 392 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 6. List of main bibliographic references

6.1 Bibliography

7. Original Endorsement letters according to Chapter 5*

7.1 Signatures

8. Further supporting documents

8.1 Adamello Brenta Nature Park’s CETS (European Charter for Sustainable Tourism) |=]=1!#%%) 8.1.b Adamello Brenta Nature Pa:R1!#)

8.2 EMAS certification |=J=5&#') |=J=&#5!

8.3 PEFC certification |=R=$%') |=R=1.15!

8.4 Judicaria Ecomuseum |=`=$%') |=`=w]]5!

8.5 Research and monitoring activities sheets |=w=/'5!+) |=w=#'+'%5!+)

8.6 Vegetation series (Geosigmeta sheets) (ITA-ENG)

8.7 LIFE+ T.E.N. |=~=!)%H,) |=~=>:%

8.8 Stenico Castle (Description sheet) (ENG)

8.9 Letters of support |=?=%,'J@]R) |=?=1%,J@]R5!+) |=?=%,'J@]`) |=?=1%,J@]`5!+)

8.10 Petition against candidature as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (ITA-ENG)

8.11 Governance documents |=]]=$>&95!+) |=]]=$5!+) |=]]=$&)

8.12 Adamello Brenta Natural Park declaration on the Park Plan

8.13 Correspondance between Trentino’s Hunters Association and provincial Institutions

ª''J@]R).

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 393 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 20. ADDRESSES

20.1 Contact address of the proposed biosphere reserve

Name: Provincia Autonoma di Name: di Comano Terme TrentoM5=$=%8222 Street or P.O. Box: Fraz. Ponte Arche M8= ] #==U8~w 1,>'%U1! 1,>'%U!+R|]JJ !)+R|@~~ 1,U5 1,U5 !%'U‡R?@`K]`?~||w !%'U‡R?@`Kw~@]`R` E-mail: reteareeprotette@provincia. E-mail: protocollo@comune. tn.it comanoterme.tn.it IU'%U€€>>>=%= IU'%U€€>>>== provincia.tn.it comanoterme.tn.it

20.2. Administering entity of the core area(s)

Name: Comune di Comano Terme dorsino.tn.it Street or P.O. Box: Fraz. Ponte Arche IU'%U€€>>>==€ M8= ] 1,>'%U1! Name: Comune di Ledro !)+R|@~~ #==U88 w 1,U5 1,>'%U/ !%'U‡R?@`Kw~@]`R` !)+R|@K~ E-mail: protocollo@comune. 1,U5 comanoterme.tn.it !%'U‡R?@`K`w?J~]] IU'%U€€>>>== E-mail: [email protected] comanoterme.tn.it/ IU'%U€€>>>====€

Name: Comune di Dorsino Name: Comune di Riva del Garda #==U.2=$$ R #==U22555 1,>'%U$!)+ ) w R|@~@ 1,>'%U 1,U5 !)+R|@KK !%'U‡R?@`Kw~R`@J] 1,U5 E-mail: [email protected]. !%'U‡R?@`K`w~R|||

LEDRO ALPS 394 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda E-mail: [email protected] 1,>'%U IU'%U€€>>>== !)+R|@KK rivadelgarda.tn.it/ 1,U5 !%'U‡R?@`K`w~]~@] Name: Comune di San Lorenzo in E-mail: [email protected] Banale IU'%U€€>>>== Street or P.O. Box: Piazza delle Sette tn.it/ 8 ` 1,>'%U#/2 Name: Comunità di Valle delle !)+R|@~| Giudicarie 1,U5 #==U8= J !%'U‡R?@`Kw~R`@JR 1,>'%U!!)+ E-mail: segreteria@comune. R|@~? sanlorenzoinbanale.tn.it 1,U5 IU'%U€€>>>== !%'U‡R?@`KwRR?www sanlorenzoinbanale.tn.it/ E-mail: [email protected] IU'%U€€>>>= Name: Comune di Stenico comunitadellegiudicarie.it/ #==U8= J 1,>'%U#!)+ Name: Parco Naturale Adamello R|@~@ Brenta 1,U5 #==U8)2 J` !%'U‡R?@`Kw~~]@J` 1,>'%U#!)+ E-mail: [email protected] R|@|@ IU'%U€€>>>=== 1,U5 tn.it/ !%'U‡R?@`Kw|@KKKK E-mail: [email protected] Name: Comune di Tenno IU'%U€€>>>=%=€ #==U8$' ]| 1,>'%U!!)+ R|@K@ 1,U5 !%'U‡R?@`K`w@@KJ` E-mail: [email protected] IU'%U€€>>>=== tn.it/it/

Name: Comunità di Valle Alto Garda e Ledro #==U8 w€

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 395 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 20.3. Enti amministrativi delle buffer zone(s)

Name: Comune di Comano Terme !%'U‡R?@`K`w?J~]] Street or P.O. Box: Fraz. Ponte Arche E-mail: [email protected] M8= ] IU'%U€€>>>=== 1,>'%U1! tn.it/ !)+R|@~~ 1,U5 Name: Comune di Riva del Garda !%'U‡R?@`Kw~@]`R` #==U22555 E-mail: protocollo@comune. ) w comanoterme.tn.it 1,>'%U IU'%U€€>>>== !)+R|@KK comanoterme.tn.it/ 1,U5 !%'U‡R?@`K`w~R||| Name: Comune di Bondone E-mail: [email protected]. #==U8= tn.it `| IU'%U€€>>>== 1,>'%U!)+ rivadelgarda.tn.it/ R|@|@ 1,U5 Name: Comune di San Lorenzo in !%'U‡R?@`KwK|?]RR Banale E-mail: [email protected]. Street or P.O. Box: Piazza delle Sette tn.it 8 ` IU'%U€€>>>== 1,>'%U#/2 bondone.tn.it/ !)+R|@~| 1,U5 Name: Comune di Dorsino !%'U‡R?@`Kw~R`@JR #==U.2=$$ R E-mail: segreteria@comune. 1,>'%U$!)+ sanlorenzoinbanale.tn.it R|@~@ IU'%U€€>>>== 1,U5 sanlorenzoinbanale.tn.it/ !%'U‡R?@`Kw~R`@J] E-mail: [email protected]. Name: Comune di Stenico dorsino.tn.it #==U8= J IU'%U€€>>>==€ 1,>'%U#!)+ R|@~@ Name: Comune di Ledro 1,U5 #==U88 w !%'U‡R?@`Kw~~]@J` 1,>'%U/ E-mail: [email protected]. !)+R|@K~ tn.it 1,U5 IU'%U€€>>>====€

LEDRO ALPS 396 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Name: Comune di Storo !%'U‡R?@`K`w~]~@] #==U22% w E-mail: segreteria@altogardaeledro. 1,>'%U#!)+ tn.it R|@|? IU'%U€€>>>== 1,U5 tn.it/ !%'U‡R?@`KwK|]J@@ E-mail: [email protected] Name: Comunità di Valle delle IU'%U€€>>>=== Giudicarie tn.it/ #==U8= J 1,>'%U!!)+ Name: Comune di Tenno R|@~? #==U8$' 1,U5 ]| !%'U‡R?@`KwRR?www 1,>'%U!!)+ E-mail: info@comunitadellegiudicarie. R|@K@ it 1,U5 IU'%U€€>>>= !%'U‡R?@`K`w@@KJ` comunitadellegiudicarie.it/ E-mail: [email protected] IU'%U€€>>>=== Name: Parco Naturale Adamello tn.it/it/ Brenta #==U8)2 Name: Comunità di Valle Alto Garda J` e Ledro 1,>'%U#!)+ #==U8 w€ R|@|@ 1,>'%U 1,U5 !)+R|@KK !%'U‡R?@`Kw|@KKKK 1,U5 E-mail: [email protected] IU'%U€€>>>=%=€

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 397 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 20.4. Enti amministrativi delle transition area(s)

Name: Provincia Autonoma di 1,U5 Trento M5=$=%8222 !%'U‡R?@`Kw~R`@J] E-mail: [email protected]. #==U22$ w dorsino.tn.it 1,>'%U!+R|]JJ IU'%U€€>>>==€ 1,U5 !%'U‡R?@`K]`?w]]] Name: Comune di Fiavé E-mail: [email protected] Street or P.O. Box: Piazza S. IU'%U€€>>>=%==€ # J` 1,>'%U. !)+ Name: Comune di Comano Terme R|@~w Street or P.O. Box: Fraz. Ponte Arche 1,U5 M8= ] !%'U‡R?@`Kw~Rw@J? 1,>'%U1! +U­=== !)+R|@~~ Web site: http://comuniinrete. 1,U5 =€€ !%'U‡R?@`Kw~@]`R` E-mail: protocollo@comune. Name: Comune di Ledro comanoterme.tn.it #==U88 w IU'%U€€>>>== 1,>'%U/ comanoterme.tn.it/ !)+R|@K~ 1,U5 Name: Comune di Bleggio !%'U‡R?@`K`w?J~]] Superiore E-mail: [email protected] #==U.2=#1 IU'%U€€>>>====€ `@ 1,>'%U Name: Comune di San Lorenzo in #%!)+R|@~] Banale 1,U5 Street or P.O. Box: Piazza delle Sette !%'U‡R?@`Kw~~?ww@ 8 ` E-mail: info@comune. 1,>'%U#/2 bleggiosuperiore.tn.it !)+R|@~| IU'%U€€>>>== 1,U5 bleggiosuperiore.tn.it/ !%'U‡R?@`Kw~R`@JR E-mail: segreteria@comune. Name: Comune di Dorsino sanlorenzoinbanale.tn.it #==U.2=$$ R IU'%U€€>>>== 1,>'%U$!)+ sanlorenzoinbanale.tn.it/ R|@~@

LEDRO ALPS 398 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Name: Comune di Stenico !%'U‡R?@`K`w@@KJ` #==U8= J E-mail: [email protected] 1,>'%U#!)+ IU'%U€€>>>=== R|@~@ tn.it/it/ 1,U5 !%'U‡R?@`Kw~~]@J` Name: Comunità di Valle Alto Garda E-mail: [email protected] e Ledro IU'%U€€>>>=== #==U8 w€ tn.it/ 1,>'%U !)+R|@KK Name: Comune di Storo 1,U5 #==U22% w !%'U‡R?@`K`w~]~@] 1,>'%U#!)+ E-mail: [email protected] R|@|? IU'%U€€>>>== 1,U5 tn.it/ !%'U‡R?@`KwK|]J@@ E-mail: [email protected] Name: Comunità di Valle delle IU'%U€€>>>=== Giudicarie tn.it/ #==U8= J 1,>'%U!!)+ Name: Comune di Tenno R|@~? #==U8$' 1,U5 ]| !%'U‡R?@`KwRR?www 1,>'%U!!)+ E-mail: [email protected] R|@K@ IU'%U€€>>>= 1,U5 comunitadellegiudicarie.it/

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 399 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

ANNEX I

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 401 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Annex I

Annex I to the Biosphere Reserve Nomination Form, January 2013 MABnet Directory of Biosphere Reserves

Biosphere Reserve Description1

ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS

Country:

ITALY

Name of BR:

Ledro Alps and Judicaria UNESCO Biosphere: from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Year designated: (to be completed by MAB Secretariat)

1 To be posted on the MABnet once the nomination has been approved. The numbers refer to the relevant sections of the nomination form.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 403 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Administrative authorities: (17.1.3)

The administrative authorities with jurisdiction in the various areas are the following:

Core Areas Buffer zones Transition Areas

APT APT APT

CAGL, CdG CAGL, CdG CAGL, CdG

ABNP ABNP

Municipalities of Municipalities of Bondone., Municipalities of Bleggio Ledro, Tenno, Stenico, Storo, Ledro, Tenno, Stenico, Superiore, Storo, Ledro, S. Lorenzo in Banale, S. Lorenzo in Banale, Tenno, Stenico, S. Dorsino, Riva del Dorsino, Riva del Garda, Lorenzo in Banale, Garda, Comano Comano Terme Dorsino, Fiavè, Comano Terme Terme

Name Contact: (20.1)

1) Claudio Ferrari – Provincia Autonoma di Trento – I.D. per la Valorizzazione della Rete delle Aree Protette

Contact address: (Including phone number, postal and email adresses) (20.1)

1) Provincia Autonoma di Trento – I.D. per la Valorizzazione della Rete delle Aree Protette

Address: Via Guardini, 75

City and postcode: Trento - 38122

Nation: Italy

Telephone: +39 0461 497885

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Related links: (web sites)

1) http://www.areeprotette.provincia.tn.it/

2) http://www.dolomiti-garda.it/riserva-biosfera-dell-unesco.

LEDRO ALPS 404 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Social networks: (16.4.3)

https://www.facebook.com/EcomuseoDellaJudicaria

DESCRIPTION General description: (Site characteristics in 11.1; human population in 10)

Approximately 25 lines

The area of the Biosphere Reserve is representative of the southern slopes of the carbonate central-eastern Alps and represents an imaginary transect of environments leading from the Mediterranean to the alpine tundra, passing through a wide pre-alpine band with a mantle of spruce and beech woods, alternating with traditional crops.

The central and southern part of the proposed area is characterised by the presence of steep rocky mountain slopes, mostly covered with broad-leaved or mixed woods and interrupted by pastureland or agricultural crops. Open areas predominate in the higher band (primary grasslands on ridges, rich in endemic flora) or on the valley floor (hay meadows, arable crops, vineyards, walnut, chestnut and olive orchards etc.). The southern part is characterised by the presence of higher mountains, with conifer woods, above which the extensive grasslands and the rocky pinnacles of the Dolomites offer spectacular scenery (included within the UNESCO Dolomites WHS).

On the valley floors and lower slopes there are dozens of small villages, many of which of considerable historic and architectural value (almost all the settlements are situated in the transition area). The resident population amounts to around 16,000 (with a density which is markedly lower than in the rest of the Province), but this doubles in the summer due to the presence of seasonal tourists. In socioeconomic terms, in the past the area was characterised by the rearing of cattle, based on a model of vertical transfer to pasture. The use of pastureland and the forests has always been based on collective ownership of resources. The propensity of the population for cooperation and volunteer work still remains today.

The presence of tourists and walkers in summer is today encouraged by the network of mountain dairies, refuges and small guest houses (or restaurants). The relative isolation (there area has its own identity which can be recognised starting from the Roman or Medieval era), the magnificent natural landscape and the numerous architectural, historic and prehistoric remains (two lake-dwelling settlements recognised as UNESCO WH sites) represent the capital on which the area wishes to base its future development.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 405 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Major ecosystem type: (14.1)

The area of the proposed Biosphere Reserve includes a mosaic of habitats with different levels of conservation; from perfectly intact natural habitats at high altitude (culminating in the rocky pinnacles and peaks of the Brenta Dolomites, reaching a maximum altitude of 3,173 m a.s.l.), to semi-natural habitats with traditional management by man (lowland meadows and pasture), agricultural areas and human settlements.

The main ecosystems present in the proposed Biosphere Reserve can be referred to the following vegetation series (geosigmeta):

 Central-western alpine basophilic geosigmetum of primary high-mountain vegetation;  Central-eastern basophilic alpine series of bushes with mountain pine with scattered sparse forests of Swiss pine and larch;  Central alpine acidophilous series of beech;  Eastern alpine basophilic series of beech;  Central-eastern neutrobasophilic alpine series of European ash (Fraxino excelsioris sigmetum s.l.). Also includes humid valley floor grasslands;  Central-western acidophilous endalpic geosigmetum of low bushes and larch-Swiss pine woods;  Eastern basophilic alpine series of spruce. Also includes secondary grasslands and pasture;  Eastern basophilic prealpine series of beech and spruce. Also includes mountain hay meadows and dry meadows;  Transversal hygrophilous vegetation;  Transversal peatland vegetation.

Dolomitic environments at high altitude are generally very well conserved, given their extremely natural characteristics. The factors most influencing their state of conservation are considered to be natural catastrophes (landslides, avalanches etc) and climate change at global level, which leads to “shifting altitudes” for bands of vegetation, to the detriment of habitats on mountain peaks.

The central and most dynamic “junction” for ecosystems is represented by semi-natural habitats, created and shaped by traditional usage and which require active management to conserve their essential characteristics. The crisis in the traditional socioeconomic model often leads to the disappearance of semi-natural habitats, which precisely for this reason are of primary conservation interest. Some areas experience abandonment and spontaneous reforestation. Other areas are converted to more intensive management methods. The ecosystems most strongly influenced by the intervention of man are therefore subject to various forms of deterioration, which result from changing methods for managing the area.

LEDRO ALPS 406 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Major habitats & land cover types: (11.6)

The area is characterised by extensive (semi)natural landscapes (around 90%) or agricultural landscapes and limited urban areas. Corine Land Cover - Level 1 (surface %)

100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% Water bodies 60.00% Agricultural areas 50.00% Forest and semi natural areas 40.00% Artificial surfaces 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00%

Natural and semi-natural environments make up 32 Natura 2000 habitats, including 7 priority habitats, with no less than 15 present in the Red List for Trentino. Of the most important habitats in terms of conservation, the following are noted:

Nat.2000 Trentino National Habitat priority red list red list Bushes with Pinus mugo and 4070 Rhododendron hirsutum yes / low Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic 6110 grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi yes CR low Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous 6210 substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) yes EN/CR low Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas, in Continental 6230 Europe) yes LR low 8240 Limestone pavements yes EN low Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and 9180 ravines yes VU low 91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and yes VU/EN high

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 407 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Nat.2000 Trentino National Habitat priority red list red list Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or Isoeto- 3130 Nanojuncetea no CR high 4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub no CR / Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or 3150 Hydrocharition - type vegetation no EN medium Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with 3240 Salix elaeagnos no EN low Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-siltladen soils (Molinion 6410 caeruleae) no EN high Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, 6510 Sanguisorba officinalis) no EN medium 6520 Mountain hay meadows no EN low Transition mires and quaking bogs medium- 7140 no EN high 7230 Alkaline fens no EN high

Bioclimatic zone (11.5)

The area falls mainly within the «Per-humid» bioclimatic zone, with a temperate oceanic climate and a humidity gradient decreasing towards the North-East (Moist Sub-humid).

Location (latitude & longitude): (6.1)

The geographical coordinates are given in the table below.

Cardinal points: Latitude Longitude

Most central point: 5093290.705299 638713.93225 5 Northernmost point: 5116737.322389 640987.09453 2 Southernmost point: 5073238.573482 624292.45002

LEDRO ALPS 408 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda 3 Westernmost point: 5074642.354106 620342.48791 8 Easternmost point: 5107245.633999 652126.09107 7 Total Area (ha): (7)

The surface areas of each of the areas identified are given below.

Terrestrial Marine (if applicable) Total

7.1 Core Area(s): 4786 ha - 4786 ha

7.2 Buffer Zone(s): 15.774 ha - 15.774 ha

7.3 Transition Zone(s): 26.867 ha - 26.867 ha

TOTAL: 47,427 ha - 47427 ha

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LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 409 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

LEDRO ALPS 410 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Main objectives of the biosphere reserve

Brief description (13.1)

The main scope of the proposed Biosphere Reserve is to consolidate the existing model of sustainable use of the mountain environment. The reserve will contribute to maintaining biodiversity through different natural and cultural structures in order to safeguard the balance of ecosystems. The implementation of active conservation measures is a priority, in addition to passive protection. It is a question of encouraging the continuation of farming- forestry-pasture activities compatible with the environment, but which are by now no longer sustainable in socioeconomic terms in their traditional form, encouraging their introduction within the context of more general integration of social, cultural and economic activities (tourism above all).

Research Brief description (16.1.1)

Various organisations operate in the field of research within the area. The Adamello- Brenta Nature Park has various research projects underway, including three international cooperation projects with similar organisations in Argentina, the Balkans and Taiwan. It also participates in the LIFE+ “Arctos” project (2010/2014) for the conservation of the brown bear. Since 1993 MUSE has carried out a study of migration, through scientific ringing of birdlife at Bocca di Caset. Other research, also in social and historic fields, has been carried out by APT and various universities.

Monitoring Brief description (16.1.1)

The Autonomous Province of Trento promotes regular monitoring of habitats and species in the areas included in the Natura 2000 network. For a number of years ABNP has promoted research and monitoring projects on different biotic and abiotic components related to species and ecosystems. Monitoring is entrusted to freelance professionals, MUSE (see above) and the Museo Civico in Rovereto. The MCR deals with the monitoring of flora in Trentino, representing the figure of reference for the flora map project on the European model. The Museum Network of the Valle di Ledro (MNLED) initiative is of particular interest, with the scope of reinforcing cultural, educational, scientific and tourist services, bringing then under a single umbrella.

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 411 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Specific variables (fill in the table below and tick the relevant parameters)

Abiotic Biodiversity Abiotic factors X Afforestation/Reforestation X Acidic deposition/Atmospheric factors Algae X Air quality X Alien and/or invasive species X Air temperature X Amphibians X Climate, climatology X Arid and semi-arid systems Contaminants Autoecology Drought Beach/soft bottom systems Erosion Benthos X Geology X Biodiversity aspects X Geomorphology X Biogeography X Geophysics Biology X Glaciology X Biotechnology Global change X Birds X Groundwater X Boreal forest systems X Habitat issues X Breeding Heavy metals Coastal/marine systems Hydrology X Community studies X Indicators X Conservation X Meteorology X Coral reefs Modeling X Degraded areas Monitoring/methodologies X Desertification Nutrients Dune systems Physical oceanography Ecology X Pollution, pollutants X Ecosystem assessment X Siltation/sedimentation Ecosystem functioning/structure X Soil X Ecosystem services X Speleology X Ecotones X Topography Endemic species X Toxicology Ethology UV radiation Evapotranspiration Evolutionary studies/Palaeoecology X Fauna X Fires/fire ecology Fishes X Flora X Forest systems X Freshwater systems X Fungi X Genetic resources Genetically modified organisms Home gardens Indicators X Invertebrates X Island systems/studies

LEDRO ALPS 412 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda Lagoon systems Lichens X Mammals X Mangrove systems Mediterranean type systems Microorganisms Migrating populations X Modeling X Monitoring/methodologies X Mountain and highland systems X Natural and other resources X Natural medicinal products X Perturbations and resilience Pests/Diseases Phenology Phytosociology/Succession X Plankton Plants X Polar systems Pollination Population genetics/dynamics X Productivity Rare/Endangered species X Reptiles X Restoration/Rehabilitation Species (re) introduction X Species inventorying X Sub-tropical and temperate Taxonomy Temperate forest systems X Temperate grassland systems X Tropical dry forest systems Tropical grassland and savannah Tropical humid forest systems Tundra systems Vegetation studies X Volcanic/Geothermal systems Wetland systems X Wildlife X

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 413 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

Socio-economic Integrated monitoring Agriculture/Other production systems X Biogeochemical studies Agroforestry Carrying capacity Anthropological studies Climate change X Aquaculture Conflict analysis/resolution Archaeology X Ecosystem approach Bioprospecting Education and public awareness X Capacity building Environmental changes X Cottage (home-based) industry Geographic Information System Cultural aspects X Impact and risk studies Demography Indicators Economic studies X Indicators of environmental quality Economically important species Infrastructure development X Energy production systems X Institutional and legal aspects Ethnology/traditional X Integrated studies Firewood cutting X Interdisciplinary studies Fishery Land tenure X Forestry X Land use/Land cover X Human health X Landscape inventorying/monitoring Human migration Management issues Hunting Mapping X Indicators Modelling Indicators of sustainability X Monitoring/methodologies X Indigenous people's issues Planning and zoning measures X Industry Policy issues X Livelihood measures Remote sensing Livestock and related impacts X Rural systems Local participation X Sustainable development/use X Micro-credits Transboundary issues/measures Mining Urban systems Modelling Watershed studies/monitoring Monitoring/methodologies Natural hazards Non-timber forest products X Pastoralism X People-Nature relations X Poverty Quality economies/marketing Recreation Resource use X Role of women Sacred sites Small business initiatives Social/Socio-economic aspects X Stakeholders' interests X Tourism X Transports X

LEDRO ALPS 414 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda ANNEX II

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 415 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda

LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 417 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 418 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS and JUDICARIA 419 from the Dolomites to Lake Garda LEDRO ALPS 420 and JUDICARIA from the Dolomites to Lake Garda