Plantas NATIVAS Y ENDEMICAS De La Isla Robinson Crusoe Lisa Castillo Nelis -- University of Chicago Y CASEB-Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile Fotos Por L

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Plantas NATIVAS Y ENDEMICAS De La Isla Robinson Crusoe Lisa Castillo Nelis -- University of Chicago Y CASEB-Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile Fotos Por L

WEB VERSION Archipiélago Juan Fernández, CHILE 1 Plantas NATIVAS y ENDEMICAS de la Isla Robinson Crusoe Lisa Castillo Nelis -- University of Chicago y CASEB-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Fotos por L. Nelis, S. Martinez, A. Opagina, M. Ramirez, C. Tramolao, T. Valderrama y B. Valenzuela. Apoyo taxonómico de Ph. Danton y C. Perrier. Producido por: Jennie Kluse y R.Foster © L. C. Nelis [[email protected]], CASEB-PUC/Chile, y Corporación Nacional Forestal de Chile; con apoyo de NSF, Andrew Mellon Foundation y Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation © Environmental & Conservation Programs, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [www.fmnh.org/plantguides] [[email protected]] Rapid Color Guide #222 versión 2 10/2006 1 Adiantum chilense 2 Blechnum hastatum PTERID.: ADIANTACEAE PTERID.: BLECHNACEAE 3 Dicksonia berteroana 4 Dendroseris litoralis 5 Dendroseris pruinata 6 Spergularia confertiflora 7 Gunnera peltata PTERID.: DICKSONIACEAE ASTERACEAE ASTERACEAE CARYOPHYLLACEAE GUNNERACEAE 8 Haloragis masatierrana 9 Juncus imbricatus 10 Juncus procerus 11 Myrceugenia fernandeziana 12 Chusquea fernandeziana HALORAGIDACEAE JUNCACEAE JUNCACEAE MYRTACEAE POACEAE 13 Nassella laevissima 14 Nassella neesiana 15 Piptochaetium bicolor 16 Rhaphithamnus venustus 17 Drimys confertifolia POACEAE POACEAE POACEAE VERBENACEAE WINTERACEAE WEB VERSION Archipiélago Juan Fernández, CHILE Plantas INTRODUCIDAS de la Isla Robinson Crusoe 2 Lisa Castillo Nelis -- University of Chicago y CASEB-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Fotos por L. Nelis, S. Martinez, A. Opagina, M. Ramirez, C. Tramolao, T. Valderrama y B. Valenzuela. Apoyo taxonómico de Ph. Danton y C. Perrier. Producido por: Jennie Kluse y R.Foster © L. C. Nelis [[email protected]], CASEB-PUC/Chile, y Corporación Nacional Forestal de Chile; con apoyo de NSF, Andrew Mellon Foundation y Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation © Environmental & Conservation Programs, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [www.fmnh.org/plantguides] [[email protected]] Rapid Color Guide #222 versión 2 10/2006 1 Bidens pilosa 2 Carduus pycnocephalus 3 Sonchus oleraceus 4 Cynoglossum creticum 5 Cyperus eragrostis ASTERACEAE ASTERACEAE ASTERACEAE BORAGINACEAE CYPERACEAE 6 Dipsacus sativus 7 Aristotelia chilensis 8 Medicago lupulina 9 Geranium core-core 10 Lythrum hyssopifolia DIPSACACEAE ELAEOCARPACEAE FABACEAE GERANIACEAE LYTHRACEAE 11 Ugni molinae 12 Oxalis micrantha 13 Avena barbata 14 Briza maxima 15 Hordeum murinum MYRTACEAE OXALIDACEAE POACEAE POACEAE POACAEAE 16 Polypogon australis 17 Anagallis arvensis 18 Acaena argentea 19 Rubus ulmifolius 20 Verbena litoralis POACEAE PRIMULACEAE ROSACEAE ROSACAEAE VERBENACEAE .

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The Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan
The Vegetation ofRobinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile1 Josef Greimler,2,3 Patricio Lopez 5., 4 Tod F. Stuessy, 2and Thomas Dirnbiick5 Abstract: Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, as is the case with many oceanic islands, has experienced strong human disturbances through exploitation ofresources and introduction of alien biota. To understand these impacts and for purposes of diversity and resource management, an accu rate assessment of the composition and structure of plant communities was made. We analyzed the vegetation with 106 releves (vegetation records) and subsequent Twinspan ordination and produced a detailed colored map at 1: 30,000. The resultant map units are (1) endemic upper montane forest, (2) endemic lower montane forest, (3) Ugni molinae shrubland, (4) Rubus ulmifolius Aristotelia chilensis shrubland, (5) fern assemblages, (6) Libertia chilensis assem blage, (7) Acaena argentea assemblage, (8) native grassland, (9) weed assemblages, (10) tall ruderals, and (11) cultivated Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus. Mosaic patterns consisting of several communities are recognized as mixed units: (12) combined upper and lower montane endemic forest with aliens, (13) scattered native vegetation among rocks at higher elevations, (14) scattered grassland and weeds among rocks at lower elevations, and (15) grassland with Acaena argentea. Two categories are included that are not vegetation units: (16) rocks and eroded areas, and (17) settlement and airfield. Endemic forests at lower elevations and in drier zones of the island are under strong pressure from three woody species, Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius, and Ugni molinae. The latter invades native forests by ascending dry slopes and ridges.
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Dendroseris Pinnata (Bertero Ex Decne.) Col De Juan Fernández Hook
Id especie: FICHA DE ESPECIE CLASIFICADA Nombre Científico Nombre Vernacular Dendroseris pinnata (Bertero ex Decne.) Col de Juan Fernández Hook. et Arn. En: Hook. et Arn. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 32. 1835. Familia: Asteraceae tribu: Cichorieae (Muñoz 1973) subtribu: Sonchinae (Kim et al. 1996) subgénero: Phoenicoseris (Sanders et al. 1987) Sinonimia Rea pinnata Bert. en Hemsley (1884) Antecedentes Generales Especie perteneciente al género endémico Dendroseris. Endemismo de la isla Robinson Crusoe. Compuesta de porte arbóreo de hasta 3 m de altura, de aspecto de una pequeña palma. Monocárpico, con el tronco delgado, oblicuo u horizontal en su base, resto levantado y derecho, marcado por cicatrices foliares. Hojas reunidas a modo de plumero en la punta del tronco, peciolada, imparipinnada (con 9 a 16 pares de pinas, sésiles). Inflorescencia es una panoja lateral saliendo de la base del ramillete de hojas, compuesta, formada por 300 a 400 cabezuelas. Corola blanca, vilano blanco. Aquenios morenos, oblongos, comprimidos (Johow 1896). Especie monocárpica, es decir, produce flores a edad avanzada, reproduciéndose con abundancia y muriendo después (Johow 1896). Esta especie presenta alguna variabilidad genética (Crawford et al. 1998, Esselman et al. 2000), y se ha estudiado los mecanismos evolutivos del género (Crawford et al. 1992) La germinación comienza a los 30 días después de sembradas las semillas, llegando a solo un 2% al cabo de 6 meses (Ricci 1998) Distribución geográfica (extensión de la presencia) Desde Quebrada Piedra Agujereada hasta Cerro Chumacera; Cordón Salsipuedes; desde Puerto Inglés a Vaquería y Juanango y en Cerro Alto (Johow 1896; Skottsberg 1922, 1952; Ricci obs.). Se estima una extensión de la presencia aproximada, menor a 5 km2 Tamaño poblacional estimado, abundancia relativa y estructura poblacional Se contaron 96 individuos (Ricci 1990, 2005) en los distintos sectores de la isla, en todas las clases de tamaño, siempre individuos aislados, se infiere menos de 50% de individuos maduros.
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Doctorat De L'université De Toulouse
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(Asteraceae) on the Canary Islands
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Taxonomic Treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) Endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific)
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Dendroseris Litoralis Skottsb
Id especie: FICHA DE ESPECIE CLASIFICADA Nombre Científico Nombre Vernacular Dendroseris litoralis Skottsb. col de Juan Fernández En Skottsberg. C. The phanerogams of the Juan Fernández Islands. 204. 1922. Familia: Asteraceae tribu: Cichorieae (Muñoz 1973) subtribu: Sonchinae (Kim et al. 1996) subgénero: Dendroseris (Sanders et al. 1987) Sinonimia Dendroseris macrophylla var. marginata Johow En: Johow, . 68. 1896 Antecedentes Generales Especie perteneciente al género endémico Dendroseris. Endemismo presente en las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara. Compuesta de porte arbóreo de hasta 2,5 m de altura. Tronco tortuoso, ramificado desde cerca de su base, con látex. Ramas tortuosas cubiertas de hojas rotuladas en su parte apical. Hojas perennes, pecioladas, grandes (hasta 45 cm largo por 30 cm. de ancho), aovadas, coriáceas. Inflorescencia paniculada, péndula, capítulos numerosos; flores hermafroditas; corola amarillo anaranjado. El fruto es un aquenio, aplanado, ligeramente alado (Johow 1896; Skottsberg 1922) La germinación comienza a los 10 días después de sembrados, alcanzando el 95% a los 20 días (Ricci 1998). Fácilmente cultivable tanto en la isla como así también en Chile continental: Jardín Botanico Nacional de Viña del Mar, Maitencillo, etc (Ricci, obs.) Esta especie presenta alguna variabilidad genética (Crawford et al. 1998, Esselman et al. 2000), y se ha estudiado los mecanismos evolutivos del género (Crawford et al. 1992) Distribución geográfica (extensión de la presencia) Roqueríos de las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara; en esta última, en laderas escarpadas de exposición sur (Johow 1896, Skottsberg 1922, 1952, Ricci 1990). Se estima Extensión de la Presencia inferior a 0,1 km2. Tamaño poblacional estimado, abundancia relativa y estructura poblacional Ricci (1990) reportó 2 individuos creciendo en el Morro el Verdugo y 1 en el Morro Spartan; mientras que Danton (2004) menciona que sólo crecen 5 individuos en acantilados de la Isla Santa Clara.
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The Tribe Cichorieae In
Chapter24 Cichorieae Norbert Kilian, Birgit Gemeinholzer and Hans Walter Lack INTRODUCTION general lines seem suffi ciently clear so far, our knowledge is still insuffi cient regarding a good number of questions at Cichorieae (also known as Lactuceae Cass. (1819) but the generic rank as well as at the evolution of the tribe. name Cichorieae Lam. & DC. (1806) has priority; Reveal 1997) are the fi rst recognized and perhaps taxonomically best studied tribe of Compositae. Their predominantly HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Holarctic distribution made the members comparatively early known to science, and the uniform character com- Tournefort (1694) was the fi rst to recognize and describe bination of milky latex and homogamous capitula with Cichorieae as a taxonomic entity, forming the thirteenth 5-dentate, ligulate fl owers, makes the members easy to class of the plant kingdom and, remarkably, did not in- identify. Consequently, from the time of initial descrip- clude a single plant now considered outside the tribe. tion (Tournefort 1694) until today, there has been no dis- This refl ects the convenient recognition of the tribe on agreement about the overall circumscription of the tribe. the basis of its homogamous ligulate fl owers and latex. He Nevertheless, the tribe in this traditional circumscription called the fl ower “fl os semifl osculosus”, paid particular at- is paraphyletic as most recent molecular phylogenies have tention to the pappus and as a consequence distinguished revealed. Its circumscription therefore is, for the fi rst two groups, the fi rst to comprise plants with a pappus, the time, changed in the present treatment. second those without.
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Plant Conservation in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile Tod F
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 16 | Issue 2 Article 4 1997 Plant Conservation in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile Tod F. Stuessy lnstitut fur Botanik Ulf Swenson Uppsala University Daniel J. Crawford Ohio State University Gregory Anderson The University of Connecticut, Storrs Mario Silva O. Universidad de Concepcion Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Stuessy, Tod F.; Swenson, Ulf; Crawford, Daniel J.; Anderson, Gregory; and O., Mario Silva (1997) "Plant Conservation in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 16: Iss. 2, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol16/iss2/4 Aliso, 16(2), pp. 89-101 © 1998, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 PLANT CONSERVATION IN THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ARCHIPELAGO, CHILE TOD F. STUESSY lnstitut for Botanik Universitiit Wien, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria ULF SWENSON Department of Systematic Botany Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden DANIEL J. CRAWFORD Department of Plant Biology Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 GREGORY ANDERSON Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 AND MARIO SILVA O. Departamento de Botanica Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile ABSTRACT Oceanic archipelagos often hold very specialized floras with high degrees of endemism. These floras are frequently highly vulnerable to disturbance by natural causes and human intervention. The Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile) in the Pacific Ocean are a small archipelago of only three islands. Since discovery in 1574 by Juan Fernandez, human activities have altered floristic composition and survival circumstances of the endemic species.
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Dendroseris Marginata (Bertero Ex Decne) Colecillo Hook
Id especie: FICHA DE ESPECIE CLASIFICADA Nombre Científico Nombre Vernacular Dendroseris marginata (Bertero ex Decne) Colecillo Hook. et Arn. En: Hook. et Arn.Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 32. 1835. Familia: Asteraceae tribu: Cichorieae (Muñoz 1973) subtribu: Sonchinae (Kim et al. 1996) subgénero: Dendroseris (Sanders et al. 1987) Sinonimia Dendroseris macrophylla var marginata Johow (1896) en Johow Est. Flora de Juan Fernández 70. 1896. Antecedentes Generales Especie perteneciente al género endémico Dendroseris. Endemismo de la isla Robinson Crusoe. Compuesta de porte arbóreo de hasta 2,5 m de altura. Tronco ramificado a modo de horca, sobre los 1.3 m sobre el suelo. Tronco principal cubierto de cicatrices foliares. Hojas enteras, coriáceas, ovadas, con punta redondeada y base cordada, pecíolo alado. Inflorescencia más bien larga, con numerosas cabezuelas; flores amarillas, anteras oscuras. Aquenios gruesos.(Johow 1896) Esta especie presenta alguna variabilidad genética (Crawford et al. 1998, Esselman et al. 2000), y se ha estudiado los mecanismos evolutivos del género (Crawford et al. 1992) La germinación comienza a los 10 días después de sembradas las semillas, llegando a un 98% al día 22 (Ricci 1998) Distribución geográfica (extensión de la presencia) Desde Quebrada Puerto Francés hasta Cerro Agudo, y desde Quebrada Vaquería a Quebrada Juanango. También en islote Juanango (Skottsberg 1922; Ricci 1990, Danton et al. 1998). Se estima Extensión de la Presencia menor a 1 km2. Tamaño poblacional estimado, abundancia relativa y estructura poblacional Se ha observado 104 individuos adultos (Ricci 2005) Tendencias poblacionales actuales Skottsberg (1952) la describe como una especie muy rara presente sólo en pocos lugares en el centro de la isla.
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Dendroseris-De- Folha-Estreita
VIDA SELVAGEM MUNDIAL Crusoe. São árvores grandes (70 cm de diâmetro na base), provavelmente já com mais de cem anos e por isso muito decrépitas. Funcionários do Parque Nacional Archipiélago Juan Fernández DendroserisDendroseris--dede-- decidiram entretanto agarrar os troncos com cordas e arames, caso contrário poderiam já ter caído. A partir das sementes destas duas plantas, têm sido criados diversos exemplares em viveiro mas com reduzida taxa de sobrevivência. folhafolha--estreitaestreita Em pior situação se encontram duas espé- cies endémicas da ilha Alejando Selkirk: a den- droseris-de-folha-larga (Dendroseris macrophyla), apenas com 8 exemplares selvagens conhecidos e sem plantas em viveiro, e a dendroseris-gigante (Dendroseris gigantea). Esta última espécie este- ve até 2007 reduzida a um único exemplar muito envelhecido e de grande tamanho (4,5 m de altura), que cresce numa zona de difícil acesso da ilha. A partir de algumas das suas sementes, foi Uma das dezenas de plantas possível criar 8 plantas em viveiro que, em 2009, endémicas da ilha de Robinson Crusoe foram enraizadas perto da planta-mãe, tendo sobrevivido apenas 5, uma vez que as restantes Todos conhecem a história de Robinson ma da anterior, com 3 km2, e Masafuera foram depredadas por ratos. Crusoe, mas o que poucos saberão é que o (rebaptizada como ilha Alejandro Selkirk), com 50 romance de Daniel Defoe, publi- km2 e situada uns 160 km mais Dendroseris-de-folha-estreita cado em 1719, terá sido basea- a oeste. O seu isolamento no Reino: Plantae do em factos reais, embora algo meio do oceano propiciou uma Divisão: Magnoliophyta distorcidos.
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Vertebrate Pollination in Compositae STAPFIA 103 (2015): 5–26
VOGEL • Vertebrate Pollination in Compositae STAPFIA 103 (2015): 5–26 Vertebrate Pollination in Compositae: Floral Syndromes and Field Observations STEFAN VOGEL* Abstract: The plant family Asteraceae (Compositae) owes its enormous evolutionary success to the development of the capitulum, in which many florets are combined into a flower-like pseudanthium. Although the details vary enormously, the capitulum adheres to a pattern that does not promote assortative specialisation to pollinators. Most species have a wide pollinator spectrum that includes bees, flies, butterflies, beetles and bugs. Here, I present a survey of tropical and subtropical Compositae that exhibit the floral syndromes of ornithophily (> 60 species in 27 genera), chiropterophily (17 species in 9 genera) and therophily (2–4 species of the genus Oldenburgia). In c. 20 cases, bird-pollination is supported by relevant (although mostly casual) observations (literature data and personal observations). The ornithophilous syndrome was convergently achieved by similar means to those seen in other families, albeit limited by the Compositae bauplan. Eight subfamilies (of the 12 presently recognised in the Compositae) and 12 tribes are involved, of which the Neotropical Barnadesioideae, Stifftioideae and Mutisioideae are the most prominent. Around 70% of the ornithophilous species are trees or shrubs. With respect to habitat, higher altitudes with a temperate climate are clearly preferred. Pollination by bats and non-flying mammals is much rarer. Although at least 17 species can be predicted to be bat-pollinated based on their chiropterophilous floral syndrome, visits by bats have only been observed in a single species,Gongylolepis jauaensis. In the South African genus Oldenburgia, at least two (and possibly all four) species are probably pollinated by non-flying mammals.
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