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Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge the Mission

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Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge the Mission U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Land Protection Plan Options for the protection of fish and wildlife habitats Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge The Mission “The mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.” National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 The Purpose The major purposes of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge include: “...(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to marine mammals, marine birds and other migratory birds, the marine resources upon which they rely, bears, caribou and other mammals; (ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats; (iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses for by local residents; (iv) to provide in a manner consistent with subparagraphs (i) and (ii), a program of national and international scientific research on marine resources; and (v) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.” Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 hat is the Alaska Maritime Land Protection Plan? WPrivate landowners own or have selected over 1.6 million acres of land within the exterior boundaries of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. The LPP identifies which privately-owned lands contain the highest quality wildlife habitats. It also lists options, ranging from informal cooperative agreements, to land exchanges, to selling lands or easements, that some landowners may wish to pursue. The LPP serves primarily to foster communication between the refuge and interested landowners and to help us identify priority areas with high resource value. It provides a framework for working with interested landowners to protect key resources. hy do we prepare LPPs? U.S. Fish and Wildlife WService policy requires that we prepare an LPP for each refuge before we can obtain Land and Water Conservation Funds. The LWCF is the primary source of funding for buying easements or inholdings in Alaska refuges. As discussed below, the LPP process is simply proactive planning. he LPP is a planning tool. The LPP is a proactive Tplanning tool that helps us evaluate opportunities when they arise. For instance, if several landowners approach us with offers to sell lands, the priorities identified in the LPP help us to make wise use of very limited funds. The LPP provides guidance, but does not require any action by the landowner or the Service. Rather it is one of the management tools that helps guide land conservation efforts. he LPP provides choices. The LPP provides Toptions that may, in the right situation, benefit both the landowner and the Service. For instance, a Native corporation may propose a land exchange to obtain additional land around a village site or to trade wetlands for developable land. Another may be interested in selling easements or distant holdings to generate capital. Before pursuing any course of action, both parties must agree that it is in their best interest to proceed. ur priorities are based on biological values. We Ouse a computer model to analyze priorities based on biology. Criteria which rank wildlife habitats and Executive Summary their ability to contribute to the refuge mission help us prioritize each parcel of land. ublic and state involvement is part of the process. We Phold public meetings to discuss the LPP process with local landowners and other interested parties. State agencies review and comment on the LPP prior to publication and distribution. Land Protection Plan for Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Homer, Alaska U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Anchorage, Alaska August 2011 Black-legged kittiwakes, Steve Hillebrand If you have questions or comments about the Alaska Maritime Land Protection Plan, please contact us at one of the following locations. Refuge Manager U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Division of Conservation, Planning & Policy 95 Sterling Highway, Suite 1 1011 E. Tudor Road Homer, Alaska 99603-7472 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 (907) 235-6546 (907) 786-3357 Contents 1. Introduction 1 Refuge Landscape 2 A Unique Refuge – A Different Approach 4 Scope of this LPP 5 2. Land Status 7 History 7 Village Native Corporation Land 10 Regional Native Corporation Lands 11 Native Allotments 15 Other Private Patents 16 Other Federal Lands 17 State of Alaska 18 Ownership of Lands Beneath Navigable Waters 18 RS-2477 Claims 19 17(b) Easements 20 Mining Claims/Oil & Gas Leases 21 Wilderness and Special Status Areas 21 Alaska Peninsula Unit 22 Aleutian Islands Unit 24 Bering Sea Unit 32 Chukchi Sea Unit 36 Gulf of Alaska Unit 37 3. Important Resources and Private Lands 41 Wildlife Resources — Birds 41 Wildlife Resources — Steller Sea Lions 51 Climate Change — the Big Unknown 54 4. Key Management Concerns 55 Maintaining or Restoring Healthy Ecosystems 55 Consolidating Land Ownership Patterns 56 Preparing for Climate Change 56 Preserving Wilderness Character 57 5. Resource Protection Methods 59 Existing Resource Protections 59 Options for Additional Resource Protection 61 6. Resource Protection Priorities 65 Setting Priorities 65 Other Factors Influence Priorities 84 7. Effects of Land Protection Measures 107 Effects on Cultural/Historical/Paleontological Resources 107 Effects on Landowners 110 Effects on the Economy 111 Effects on Public Access 112 Effects on Subsistence 112 8. Evaluating Resource Conservation Proposals 113 9. Public Involvement 115 Land Protection Plan Revision 116 Sources of Information 119 i Tables Table 1. Land status overview for the Alaska Maritime Refuge as of April 2011 1 Table 2. Historic Refuges Incorporated into the Alaska Maritime Refuge 9 Table 3. Surface land status of the Alaska Maritime Refuge as of April 2011 12 Table 4. State-claimed RS-2477 routes that cross portions of the Alaska Maritime Refuge 20 Table 5. Surface land status of the Alaska Peninsula Unit as of April 2011 24 Table 6. Surface land status of the Aleutian Island Unit as of April 2011 31 Table 7. Surface land status of the Bering Sea Unit as of April 2011 34 Table 8. Surface land status of the Chukchi Sea Unit as of April 2011 36 Table 9. Surface land status of the Gulf of Alaska Unit as of April 2011 39 Table 10. Alaska Peninsula Unit Priorities 68 Table 11. Aleutian Island Unit Priorities 70 Table 12. Bering Sea Unit Priorities 74 Table 13. Chukchi Sea Unit Priorities 76 Table 14. Gulf of Alaska Unit Priorities 77 ii Figures Figure 1. Overview: Refuge Boundary Map iv Figure 2. Withdrawal History of the Alaska Maritime Refuge 9 Figure 3. Location of Adak, Alaska 27 Figure 4. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Alaska Peninsula Unit Priorities 89 Figure 5a. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Aleutian Islands Unit Priorities (Map 1 of 2) 91 Figure 5b. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Aleutian Islands Unit Priorities (Map 2 of 2) 93 Figure 6a. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Bering Sea Unit Priorities (Map 1 of 2) 95 Figure 6b. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Bering Sea Unit Priorities (Map 2 of 2) 97 Figure 7a. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Chukchi Sea Unit Priorities (Map 1 of 2) 99 Figure 7b. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Chukchi Sea Unit Priorities (Map 2 of 2) 101 Figure 8a. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Gulf of Alaska Unit Priorities (Map 1 of 2) 103 Figure 8b. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Gulf of Alaska Unit Priorities (Map 2 of 2) 105 Figures on Compact Disk Alaska Peninsula Unit Map Index Alaska Peninsula Unit Maps 1-20 Aleutian Islands Unit Map Index Aleutian Islands Unit Maps 1-45 Bering Sea Unit Map Index Bering Sea Unit Maps 1-27 Chukchi Sea Unit Map Index Chukchi Sea Maps 1-17 Gulf of Alaska Map Index (1 of 3) Gulf of Alaska Map Index (2 of 3) Gulf of Alaska Map Index (3 of 3) Gulf of Alaska Maps 1-47 iii U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Refuge Boundary Map Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Alaska 160°E 170°E 180° 170°W 160°W 150°W 140°W 130°W 120°W 65°N Figure 1 Arctic Ocean Barrow Land and/or Water within the Alaska ! Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Icy Cape Boundary * Alaska Peninsula Unit Chukchi Aleutian Island Unit Russia Sea 65°N Bering Sea Unit Cape Chukchi Sea Unit Thompson !Kotzebue 60°N Gulf of Alaska Unit Canada ^ Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Fairbanks Refuge Headquarters !Nome ! * Land ownership not shown on this map. Alaska 0 100 200 300 Miles 0 140 280 420 Kilometers 60°N Produced in the Division of Realty and Natural Resources Scale 1:15,000,000 Anchorage, Alaska St. Matthew Current to: April 5, 2011 !Anchorage Island !Bethel 55°N Juneau ^_Homer ! Bering Sea Middleton Island St. Paul Island St. Lazaria Attu Island !Kodiak of Island St. George Island lf Alas u ka 55°N G Hazy Islands Kiska Island Forrester Island Chirikof Island 50°N !Adak Atka Island Unalaska Island Pacific Ocean 180° 170°W 160°W 150°W 140°W iv 01-0533 JGB 50°N 1. Introduction The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge as a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The Service is charged with conserving the fish, wildlife and habitats of these refuges for the benefit of present and future generations.
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