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Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

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Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management Ds 2014:32 Sweden’s fifth national report under the Joint Convention on the safety of spent fuel management and on the safety of radioactive waste management Sweden’s implementation of the obligations of the Joint Convention Ds 2014:32 Sweden’s fifth national report under the Joint Convention on the safety of spent fuel management and the safety of radioactive waste management Sweden’s implementation of the obligations of the Joint Convention Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU) and the Ministry Publications Series (Ds) may be purchased from Fritzes Customer Service. Ordering address: Fritzes Customer Service, SE-106 47 Stockholm, Sweden. Telephone orders: +46 8-598 191 90 E-mail: [email protected] Website: fritzes.se As far as concerns distribution of SOU and Ds publications as part of a referral procedure, Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer has a remit from the Swedish Government Offices’ Office for Administrative Affairs. Cover: Government Offices standard. Printed by: Arkitektkopia, Stockholm 2014. ISBN 978-91-38-24168-4 ISSN 0284-6012 Contents Contents 3 List of Figures 5 List of Tables 6 Foreword 7 SECTION A - Introduction 9 A.1 Purpose and structure of this report 9 A.2 Summary of results from the previous review 10 A.3 Summary of developments since the previous report 12 A.4 Development of a national policy for spent fuel and radioactive waste management 16 A.5 Current legislative and regulatory framework 19 A.6 The management system for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste 28 A.7 Swedish participation in international activities to enhance safety and radiation protection 41 A.8 The European spallation source research facility 48 SECTION B - Policies and Practices 49 B.1 Article 32.1: REPORTING 49 Section C - Scope of Application 55 C.1 Article 3: SCOPE OF APPLICATION 55 Section D - Inventories and Lists 57 D.1 Article 32.2: REPORTING 57 Section E - Legislative and regulatory system 73 E.1 Article 18: IMPLEMENTING MEASURES 75 E.2 Article 19: LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 75 E.3 Article 20: REGULATORY BODY 107 Section F - Other General Safety Provisions 121 F.1 Article 21: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LICENCE HOLDER 121 F.2 Article 22: HUMAN AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES 123 F.3 Article 23: QUALITY ASSURANCE 126 F.4 Article 24: OPERATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION 130 F.5 Article 25: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 139 F.6 Article 26: DECOMMISSIONING 152 Section G - Safety of Spent Fuel Management 159 G.1 Article 4: GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 159 G.2 Article 5: EXISTING FACILITIES 166 G.3 Article 6: SITING OF PROPOSED FACILITIES 167 G.4 Article 7: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES 175 3 G.5 Article 8: ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY OF FACILITIES 183 G.6 Article 9: OPERATION OF FACILITIES 194 G.7 Article 10: DISPOSAL OF SPENT FUEL 202 Section H - Safety of Radioactive Waste Management 203 H.1 Article 11: GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 203 H.2 Article 12: EXISTING FACILITIES AND PAST PRACTICES 209 H.3 Article 13: SITING OF PROPOSED FACILITIES 211 H.4 Article 14: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES 213 H.5 Article 15: ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY OF FACILITIES 218 H.6 Article 16: OPERATION OF FACILITIES 221 H.7 Article 17: INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES AFTER CLOSURE 226 Section I - Transboundary Movement 229 I.1 Article 27: TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT 229 Section J - Disused Sealed Sources 231 J.1 Article 28: DISUSED SEALED SOURCES 231 Section K – General Efforts to Improve Safety 235 K.1 Measures taken to address suggestions and challenges at previous review 235 K.2 Strong features, areas for improvement and major challenges identified by the Contracting Party 237 K.3 Implementation of Directive 2011/70/Euratom 244 K.4 National plan for the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste 244 K.5 Plutonium transfers 245 K.6 Policy and plans for international peer review missions 246 K.7 Periodic Safety Reviews 247 K.8 Actions to enhance openness and transparency in the implementation of the obligations under the Convention 248 List of abbreviations 249 4 List of Figures Figure A1: Nuclear facilities in Sweden. 17 Figure A2: Licensee basic requirements and general obligations. 20 Figure A3: The step-wise process of regulatory authorisation and supervision following a Swedish Government decision licensing a nuclear facility. 21 Figure A4: Management system for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste as presented in RD&D programme 2013. 29 Figure A5: M/S Sigrid, the new transport ship for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. 30 Figure A6: Storage pool in Clab. 31 Figure A7: Photo from the top of the silo in SFR. 32 Figure A8: The underground parts of the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. 33 Figure A9: Friction stir welding at the Canister Laboratory. 34 Figure A10: The Bentonite Laboratory at Äspö. 35 Figure A11: The reference method KBS-3 for disposal of spent nuclear fuel. 36 Figure A12: Main timetable for SKB’s nuclear waste programme... 38 Figure A13: Extended SFR. The existing part is light grey and the planned part is blue. 40 Figure D1: Reactor top and pools at one of the Swedish reactors. 59 Figure D2: The Clab facility. 61 Figure D3: The facilities at Studsvik. 64 Figure D4: The FSR facility. 66 Figure D5: Radionuclide specific activity content in SFR. The numbers are for the situation as at 31 December 2012. 69 Figure D6: Principle section of shallow land burial at OKG. 70 Figure D7: The shallow land burial at OKG. 71 Figure E1: Overview of the Swedish legislative system. 77 Figure E2: Licensing procedure for nuclear facilities... 99 Figure E3: The present organisation of SSM. 110 Figure E4: The SSM management system process scheme. 115 Figure F1: SKB’s Management System. 128 Figure F2: Average doses (mSv) to the personnel at Clab 2007-2013. 136 Figure F3: Effective dose (µSv) to representative person in the critical group... 137 Figure F4: Effective dose to representative person in critical group. 137 Figure F5: Current alarm sequence for an emergency event at a Swedish nuclear facility. 143 Figure F6: National expert response organisation for nuclear and radiological emergencies. 144 Figure G1: The stepwise procedure for the siting of a spent fuel repository. 171 Figure G2: The procedure for the licensing of SKB’s licence application for a spent nuclear fuel repository and an encapsulation plant. 190 Figure G3: Schedule for SSM’s licensing review. 191 Figure H1: Reference design of dome-shaped plug for a deposition tunnel. The concrete dome is made of unreinforced low-pH concrete. 215 Figure H2: Reference design for closure of SFR including extended part with detailed view of silo... 216 5 List of Tables Table A1: Joint Convention Reporting Provisions. 9 Table A2: Revised overview of the Swedish programme for management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. 12 Table A3: Facts about M/S Sigrid. 30 Table B1: Waste classification scheme used by the nuclear industry in Sweden. 52 Table B2: Comparison between the Swedish classification scheme and IAEA definition. 52 Table D1: Inventory of spent fuel in NPP pools. 58 Table D2: Spent fuel from the research reactor R1 temporarily stored in Studsvik. 59 Table D3: Inventory of spent fuel stored in Clab as at 31 Dec. 2013. 60 Table D4: Waste treatment methods at the NPPs (no more operational waste is currently produced at the Barsebäck site after the closure of the plant). 62 Table D5: Inventory of disposed radioactive waste in AM as at 31 Dec. 2013. 65 Table D6: Principle data for SFR. 68 Table D7: Inventories of disposed radioactive waste in SFR as at 31 Dec. 2012. 69 Table D8: Inventories of waste disposed of in shallow land burials. 71 Table E1: Educational background of SSM staff. 113 Table E2: Budget of SSM in million SEK (1 SEK is about 0.1 Euro). 116 6 Foreword The areas covered by the Joint Convention have for a long time now been incor- porated in the Swedish system for spent fuel and radioactive waste management. The Swedish Government judged at the time of signing the Joint Convention in 1997 that the safety philosophy, legislation and the safety work conducted by the licensees and the authorities in Sweden complied with the obligations of the Con- vention. The current report reflects a transition to a licensing phase in the Swedish programme for management of spent nuclear fuel. The licensing review of the nuclear industry’s licence application for a spent nuclear fuel repository and an encapsulation plant is progressing and a review statement by the Swedish regulator, with a recommendation for a government decision, is expected in 2016. In 2014, Sweden also expects to see a licence application for an extension of the existing repository for low and intermediate level waste (the SFR facility) to receive decommissioning waste. This report has been produced by a working group with representatives from the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) and the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB). Other organisations of the nuclear industry have been consulted and provided information. The report constitutes an updated document with basically the same structure as the previous national reports under the Joint Convention, although section A (Introduction) and section K (General efforts to improve safety) have been revised in response to the updated guidelines agreed on at the Extraordinary Meeting held in May 2014. 7 Section A – INTRODUCTION A.1 Purpose and structure of this report Sweden signed the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint Convention) on September 29, 1997. Sweden ratified the Joint Convention about two years later and has been a Contracting Party to the Joint Convention since July 29, 1999.
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