COMMUNITY ENE
INTEGRATED DEMONSTRAT DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER
Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. VOLUME 3A
TARLE .OF Description 3.0 Overview 3.1 Steam-ProductionCenter 3.1.1 University Heating Plant 3.1.1.1 Incinerator Renovation 3.1.2 Southeast Steam Plant 3.1.3 Architectural Renovation Demonstration System Capital Costs - 1977 3.1.4 Capital Cost of the Demonstration System Southeast Generating Plant Miscellaneous Retrof =t and Repair 3.1.5 Capital Costs of Demonstration Systenas South- east Generating Plant Removal 3.1.6 Capital Costs of Demnstration Systenas South- east Generating Plant Boiler Retrofit Back to Cbal from Gas - Boiler #3 3.1.7 Capital Costs of Demonstration Systems South- east Generating Plant Boiler Retrofit Back to Coal from Gas - Boiler #4 3.1.8 Capital Cost of the Demonstration Systerns Southeast Generating Plant Piping and Miscel- laneous System Rehabilitation 3.1.9 Capit'al Costs of Dgnonstration Systenas South- east Generating Plant Electrical Rehabilitation 3.2 Pollution.-Control System 3.2.1 Capital Costs of Demonstration System - Baghouses 3.3 Solid Waste Heat Recovery System Description -Page 3.4 Fuel and Ehergy Transport and-Storage 50
3.4.1 Special Train Coal Shipents from Western United States
3.4.2 Ckpital Costs of Fuel and Energy Transport Demon- stration System 3.5 District Heating - Steam 3.5.1 Laundry Heat Recovery Systenas
3.5.2 ~istrictHeating Demnstration System Capital Costs
3.6 District Heating - Hot Water
3.6.1 Distribution Piping
3.6.2 Hot Water Distribution bop .
\ 3.6.3 Hot Water Distribution System Calculations
3.6.4 Building System and Service Demand 3.6.5 Hot Water Production - Southeast Steam Plant 3.6.6 Thermal Storage Systems
3.6.7 Construction Costs of Demonstration Hot Water Systenrs
3.7 Combined (hmnmity Service Demands OVERVIEW
In 1973, the University of Minnesota set a goal of conversion and
retrofit for University Heating Plant whereby coal or lignite would be-
cane the prjma.ry fuel by the year 1980. By 1980, that goal--95 percent
of the fuel requirement for all Campuses, is to be fulfilled by coal or
lignite--will be achieved. Lignite is used at the Crookston Campus.
A major part of the conversion and retrofit back to fossil fuels centered at the Minneapolis Campus heating plant. This was due primarily
to its size, accounting for 64 percent of the fuel requirements for all University of Minnesota Campuses, and the fact that its reliable capacity was being strained by Campus growth.
A report was prepared in 1975, and a subsequent request was pre- sented at the 1976 StateLegislativesession for funds to cover the cost
of Phase I of plant expansion and retrofit at the Minneapolis Campus. Funding for retrofit of four existing boilers to bring the plant operation
into compliance with EPA and MPCA regulations was appropriated.
Our praticipation in ICES will allow continuance of our program and
cause some add-on expansion. The add-on work includes additional steam generation and distribution capabilities, electrical generation, a solid waste collection and disposal system with energy recovery, a low energy hot water distribution system for building heating, and thermal storage.
Southeast Steam plant will also become the base load plant. Under basic expansion Southeast Steam wuld be a topping plant with initially only one coal fired boiler in operation.
The University, with the addition of St. Mary's and Fairview
Hospitals, Augsburg College and possibly same snall Ccmnunity add-ons, provides a comrrunity wherein a major portion of steam distribution is
already extablished. This provides for the developent of a larger Grid-ICES for relatively low capital expenditure. However, the University steam service demand muld allow demonstration of ICES in itself. The f3mmmity system muld have firm steam requirements of 500,000 lbs/hr during the heavy heating season to a base load demand of approximately 130,000 lbs/hr in the spring and fall (minimum heating - cooling seasons). The generat ion of by-product electricity muld be approximately 50,000,000 kilowatt hours annually. The retro-f itting back of a retired Northern States Power (3rnpany straight condensing generating plant, bringingtm boilers fmgas/oil back to coal, addition of a new high temperature slagging pyrolytic solid waste. gasifier, interconnection of a new 7500 kilowatt back pressure non- condesning or extract ion noncondensing turbine-generat or into the boiler steam output, interconnection of the generator electrical output with the NSP Company utility grid, interconnection of Southeast Steam condensate and steam line with the University of Minnesota's steam distribution, interconnection of a metropolitan hospital and college system ' s existing steam distribution, St. Wy's and Fairview Hospitals and Augsburg College, with University existing steam distribution, regional collection of hospital and health care solid waste, development of a hot water heating and cooling distribution system for a portion of the University's
East Bank and all of West Bank, and diurnal and/or seasonal storage of heat comprise the basic changes to the facilities to form a Grid-Connected
ICES in the Demonstration Comnunity. The Demonstration System will have an Annual Utilization Factor of approximately 6%, as'shown in the initial ICES proposal.
2 During Phase 11, continued optimization will define the proper choice of a SNC or SAENC turbine. The use of the SAENC turbine depends heavily upon development of a hot water loop and optimization of boiler feedwater temperature. Other in-plant processes, primarily drives for auxiliaries, must be determined.
During Phase I, the University optimized both cycles. Calculation for either cycle in this feasibility study show thmto be cmpatible and similar in performance. The generation output (48 x 106 kwh vs. 53 x lo6 kwh) are close and the turbine heat rates (4300 to 4400 B?U/kWh) are approximately the same for either turbine type. If significant loading of the SAEX turbine exhaust can be accomplished by development of hot water heating, this regeneration will increase energy production to 80,000,000 kWh.
During Phase I1 significant feasibility must be centered around boiler, feedwater and distribution systems to determine the final chosen turbine cycle. Decisions on systems to finance will be the actual criteria, sincewithout sufficient exhaust loading of the SAENC turbine, a SNC is the better overall choice. The final initial boiler steam conditions on coal, the final distribution system pressure, combination of feed- water and hot water heating into a combined cycle, and the determination of effects of using larger prime movers will all affect by-product powr generation. The determination of plant drive (turbine, electric or combination) will affect the SNC cycle. A gain of approximately 30% in efficiency can be realized by elimination of the low pressure turbine.
Development of the hot water distribution system affects by-product powr regeneration of the turbine cycles. The choice of plant drives is critical. For optimum plant efficiency all exhaust from mall turbine I drives must be utilized. There will be requirements for desuperheating at Southeast Steam Plant since this was not covered for the Phase I study.
Optimization of this process using low pressure exhaust will further
increase plant utilization. Boiler blowdown cycles rmst be optimized by returning blowdown to a flash tank for return to the deaerating heat system. The following diagrams and photos depict the power production sites, the conceptual'process flow diagrams and the cable routing for the electrical grid connection. 30 EXmNSION LlMl 1,000,000GSF BY SUL Wri hEL4- N'i GR\n \CES UNIVERSITY DM- -p FLOW S~,C-HE$./&T\~ TC,K '3EMh\.+ST)i7T)i7ATi.LIN CCW\kAUbk\TY CHECKED DA~ nNI= OF W\Th\ SNC TURB\W= (3PE-T\<- 30 4/1/17 43 , MINNESOTA SOUTHEAST MPUS STEAM PLA
*. + I s.,:I- .% kc * C
i BY P UNIVERSITY a tk.e.h . .. 1t;:3331 ' CENTRAL PLANT SITES FOR ICES CHECKED OAR DRAIMQ OF 1h J.0. 3/23 MINNESOTA i I UNIVERSITY HEATING PLAWT
As stated in Volume 2, Reliable Capacity of the University Heating
Plant is 465,000 lb/hr steam when fired on Tennessee coal (12,600 BTU/lb).
The major modifications needed on No. 1 boiler and the age of No. 12
boiler (1937) requires that they be prjmarily used for peaking. A
200,000 pound per hour oil fired boiler brings the total plant capacity
to 740,000 lb/hr.
All of these boilers are 200 PSIG saturated steam units. The
plant is arranged for turbine or electric drive with the turbine ex-
haust supplying some in-house process and low-pressure (15 PSIG) steam
heating and cooling distribution system to same East Bank buildings.
The important aspect of this plant is that building expansion by
the University alone will exceed the plant capacity in 1980. This
condition is further deteriorated because of our cm=trnent to total
coal firing capability and the desire to use cheaper and lower sulfur
western coals having lower heating values (8600 BW/lb).
Resulting primarily from the aforementioned limitations, the
University turned to acquiring Southeast Steam Plant as the ultimate
solution.
The acquisition of Southeast Steam Plant fmthe utility will
cause the University Heating Plant to become the ICES topping facility
for steam generation. It will be fired on western coal which will lower
its steam production capability. Without ICES Southeast Steam becomes the topping facility operating primarily during December through February. The University Heating Plant as shown on the plot plan+ contains seven boilers that would provide the following steam rates for ICES.
200 PSIG Capacity, pph Boiler Western Coal No. 2 Oil .' No. (8,600 BTU/lb) ( 138,000 BTU/Gal)
**1 60,000. .
**I2 68,000
Total Capacity 417,000 pph *200,000 pph
*Standby Operation
**Boiler Nos. 1 and 12 muld be used for topping as the plant load. . €Yew-
'see Volum 2, Section 2.5. INCINERATOR RENOVATION
In order to rely on the University of Minnesota incinerator (100 tons/ day capacity) as a standby for the pyrolysis system of ICES, the following modification with. corresponding costs will be required:
'Building exterior @ $40/sq. ft. $ 64,000
Heat exchangers, piping, insulating, etc.
Baghouse with fan, direct modifications, etc. 100,000
Total Material and Labor Costs $214,000
The following drawing depicts the conceptual rearrangement of the incinerator. BLOCK OFF' BREECHING
/ ~---- \Y \ .I -1 .--\\\\' 1 i I I I1 I I I I I I 1 I I I m~INERATOR 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I EXISTING I ' I I I I - -- - NEW I ---- -.------) GAS F%OW I I---' I ID- BAG- I FAN I I HOUSE I I WATER I I L----- b2 I- +EATER I- - - J I-- - --A I------1 --- --
by bu~ld~ng scale sheet GRID ICES GDM RENOVATION SCHEMATIC checked date revlsed drawing UNIVERSITY 100 TON/DAY INCINERATOR J.0. 5-9-77 SO- SO- sIEAh1 PLANT
Southeast Steam Plant will form the heart of energy production for ICES and provide additional expansion for the University's basic program. As a result, most capital improvement would be made at the .Southeast Steam'
Plant site. Up until 1974 Northern States Power Company has used the facility for peaking generation. With the advent of large utility genera- tion in the 1960's the Southeast plant was economiccaly a poor operation, even for peaking. As a result, the plant was allowed to deteriorate up until its retirement in 1974.
To best describe the Plant, the statement that it is in a deterio- rated condition could be used. There are many reasons for the present condition of the Plant. First, the building and a great deal of its equipment and auxiliaries date back to 1902 making it a historic land- mkin the opinion of some people. The fact that it has been operated for some years as an electric generating peaking plant with a set termination date has meant that little money has been put back into the plant. Also, the fact that it has been operated on a gas/oil fired basis for years means that, the existing coal-firing equipnent and auxiliaries have not been maintained. The rest of the in-plant facilities would be pretty much scrapped, and we would start anew on the following:
1. New coal handling system. - 2. New ash handling system.
3. All new steaq condensate and water piping,.
4. A complete new electrical generation facility for ICES.
5. A complete new electrical system for the Plant.
6. New sanitary sewer system for the building and exterior
coal storage areas. 7. A complete new pyrolysis unit and waste heat boiler.
What we would not replace is the 1arge.existing 20 MVA electric
generators and systems. They would be removed for resale or scrap value.
Prior to Northern States Power ownership the plant was operated as
a coal fired generation facility by a local street-railway company. Much of the coal handling facilities exist today although they will require
complete replacement and/or remodelling.
To bring the plant back to coalfranoil/gas firing, established by
N.S.P., will require modernization and retrofitting of ill plant systems.
This will allow the plant to become the base.load plant for ICES.
Southeast Steam Plant is situated approximately 2,250 feet upriver from the University plant. It presently has tufo good operable boilers that can be retrofitted back to coal. A third oil fired boiler muld be retained with some modernization completed and the fourth removed.
For ICES, Ebiler No. 1, the oil fired boiler, ufould continue to be fired on oil, but for standby or maintenance operations only. Boiler No. 2 has no remaining life and will be removed. Boiler No. 3 and No. 4 will be modernized and retrofitted to fire on coal.
All three boilers will deliver steam at superheated conditions of
735O F and 435 PSIG to a primary steam header. This steam condition will be fed to throttle the ICES turbine over new piping.
Caplete boiler, new process piping and new instrumentation and control systems will allow a reliable plant capacity of 303,500 pounds per hour including a'waste heat recovery boiler rated at 43,500 pph,
735O F, 435 PSIG, to be described in another section. The following table lists boiler conditions firing on either Tennessee or Montana,&al. SOUIm STEAM BOITXR S'lIZAbI RATES
capacity at 435 PSIG - 739 F, PPH Boiler Waste Product Montana Coal Tennessee Coal No. 2 Oil No. (4,500 E?lV/lb) (8,600 m/lb) (12,600 EXIU/lb) (138,000 EJlX/Gal)
W.H.R. 43,500 - - - l'btal 43,500 260,000 . 320,000 160,000
Total Plant Capacity:
Tennessee Coal - 523,500 PPH
M?ntanz Coal . - 465,500 PPH Reliable Capacity*:
Tennessee Coal - 363,500 PPH Montana Coal - 303,500 PPH
W.H.R. = Waste Heat Recovery Boiler
*No. 1 Boiler Used for Standby Operation.
This feasibility study is based upon the firing of No. 3 and No. 4
boilers on a low sulfur Montana coal. As will be developed in later sections
firing on the more costly Tennessee coal would not prohibit the develop-
ment'of ICES, but could cause additional equipment for control of sulfur
dioxide emission levels. Particulate mission will be near zero because
of baghouse filter information.
Since the conversion to low ETU coal is inevitable at the University,
the retrofit of the Southeast Plant has the following operating advantages.
1. Does not limit logical or economical Plant expansion to meet
the Demnstration Cbmmnity's growing steam requirements into
and beyond the 1980's. 2. Assures ability of full plant operation to meet Camnunity
thermal requirements by operating on low BTU coal without peaking during December through March on oil or high sulfur
3. Allows orderly'shutdown formaintenance of each boiler by load transfer in the spring, sumner and fall.' This lowers
the cost of overhaul and preventive maintenance on coal and ash handling equipment. For twenty-five years, the existing
Plant has been on natural gas all sumner which has allowed us full access to the coal and ash systems for scheduled
maintenance. Expected interruption of gas supply muld cause serious maintenance problems.
4. Allow for a phased transition, as it relates to Plant modification from natural gas and high BmT coal to low BTU coals.
5. Increases our, coal storage facilities by 100 percent. 6. Gives the Comnunity the flexibility to consider other
fuels in the future such as solid waste fuel, biomass,
mod chips, etc. , by installation of a pyrolysisunit at the Southeast Plant. The disadvantages of staying with the existing Plant alone are as follows :
1. Steam generating capabilities will be limited.
2. The price of low BTU coal is much more stable than the price of high BW coal or oil. In 1975, low BTU coal remained fairly stable at $16 to $18 per ton while high
BTU coal has fluctuated .from $28 to $55 per ton. Oil prices are even more unstable. 3. Does not allow for orderly boiler and systems shutdown for scheduled annual ntaintenance of ash handling and coal
handling equipment.
4. The costs for expansion, operation and maintenance of small
isolated comity steam plants such as St. Mary's is growing. hqany of them do not have coal storage facilities for the anticipated curtailment of natural gas supplies.
The plant structure is in a deteriorated condition as shown in the photos. Continuing escalation of the needs and concerns of Cbmnunity residents,
coupled with wide public attention given to the University will strongly
impact upon the renovation of Southeast Steam Plant. Renovation is im- portant in its own right so that a definite methodology be developed.
Development of this methodology will. include camunity input from organi- zationssuchas SEMPAC, IBRRDAC, and regulatory agencies such as the
Minneapolis Park Board and MPCA. Such items as general plant appearance especially exterior construction will be retained.
The Southeast Steam Plant will house all base load boiler.output, pyrolysis systems, turbine-generator systems, thermal storage systems, and hot water generation systems.
Shown in this section are photos of the structure and an architects rendit ion after renovat ion.
We have also developed budgetary costs for boiler retrofit and plant remodelling. ARCHITECIURAZl FENOVATION DEMONSTRATION SYSTERiI
CAPITAL OOSTS - 1977
Office Spaces and Rnployee Facilities
Landscaping, Paving
Exterior Renovation of Walls, Roof, Windows blant and Land Acquisition
Total Capital Costs
he plant purchase price of $500,000 was negotiated in June, 1977.
NORTHERN STATES POWER. COMPANY
April 28., 1977 - .-
Mr Donald P Brown '.ActingVice President, Finance Room 301 Morrill .Hall
University of Minnesota u ' ...... - . . - . ... .,. .. -. *--2 . I Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 . . . . . I . .. Dea,rMr Brown As indicated in my 'letter of November 11, 1976, Northern States Power Company intends to negotiate with the University of Minnesota for the transfer of title of the property known as the Southeast Steam Plant. In preparation for these negotiations, we have employed the firm of Clifford R Johnson 61 Associates to provide us with an independent appraisal of the fair market value of the Southeast Steam Plant building, equipment and associated land. We have not yet received the final written reports of these appraisals, but we have verbally received a report that the building and equipment is valued at $2,800,000 and the 8.8 acres of land is valued at $220,000. We will be glad to make these appraisal reports available to you and cooperate with facilitating any separate independent appraisal that the University may wish to make. We are now prepared to enter into negotiations with you in establishing a fair market value for the property and specific equipment that you are interested in. The terms and conditions for sale of the property that may stem from these negotiations must be submitted to our Board of Directors, so it would be well to plan on a one- or two- month lag from the time of agreement between our two managements and final consummation of the transaction.
I .Iwill be pleased to discuss plans for further handling of this matter with you or your representative at your con- . venience.
, Sincerely
D W Angland Executive Vice President GRID-ICI SO1 SOUTHEAST STEAM PLAF
-. .- BUNKERS
'DRO CAPITAL CXXST' OF TkE DENIONSI'RATION SYlWEIB
SOlJlFW GEEBATING PLANT
MIS-S FEI'ROFIT AND FiEPAIR
Boiler No. 1
Make: Sterling - Babcock & Wilcox bdel
Serial No. Contract No. 8642 Rate #/Hr : 150,000 pph/400 PSIG Built 1931
Boiler Tubes 1 Need general cleaning' Drunas 3 New super heater tubes Economizer 1 Air Preheater ). Need some mrk, cleaning Collector J I. D. Fan Need cleaning - motor F. D. Fan Need cleaning - motor Duct Work Metal Ok - covering
Grates Gas
Spreaders (Gas & Oil future) ' .
Mil1s
Burners OK
Feed Water Inlet Need new control Steam Dryer
Controls Improve what they have on gas & oil or relocate from 3 and 4 to 1. Soot Blowers Not needed
Hoppers (ash) OK, cleaning Safety Valves
Stop & Go Valves Need cleaning &packing
Blow Down Valve Need cleaning & packing
GAS & OIL ONLY 'IWI'AC CAZ ITAL CUST CAPITAL CIOSTS OF DE'AIONSIRATION SYS'IlTvLS-
SO- SO- GENERATING PLANT '
BOILER No. 2
Make: Sterling - Babcock & Wilcox Model
Serial No. No Name Plate Rate #/Hr 150,000 pph/400 PSIG
This boiler will be reroved because of deteriorated conditions.
Removal Cost
Salvage Net R(.mval Capital Cost CAPITAL OCXSTS OF DEE,K)mTION SYSTEMS
BOILEX RE%ROFIT BAQ( TO 03A.L FF33h1 GAS
BOILER No. 3
Make ' Combustion Engineering Co. Model
Serial No. Contract,No. 10440BSG Rate #/Hr 160,000 pph/475 PSIG . Built 1940
Furnace Need protection plant covers on lower mud drum some refractory wrk Boiler' Tubes 1 Drums Good General cleaning of tube necessary
Economizer. . No pitting, slight scale build up I on tube and drum - hlay be necessary Air Preheater to turbine tube to generally clean unit Collector 1 I. D. Fan General cleaning - New motors, may need change in gear reducer, etc. No boxes, F. D. Fan 3 wiring, etc. Duct Work Check size for coal burners - Must be 9,500 up-graded Pulverizers Need new motors (2) - Need good cleaning 8,000 of boxes, wiring, etc. Need (4) burners - general mrk around 28,000 throat
Feed Water Inlet Feedwater control 2 element copes need to be gone over with minor repairs - Updated alm and interconnect for shut down
Soot Blowers Need new element 1Ioppers (ash) Need cleaning
Safety Valves .
Stop & Go Valves OK need packing Blow Down Valve
2 Coal Scales Plus chute
2 Coal Feeders Piping
Duct Work from bottom of wal bunkers to feeder
Total Capital Cost CAPITAL OOS?rS OF DEh,lONSTRATION SYETEMS
GENERATING PLANT
BOILER FETROFIT BACK TD OOAL FROM GAS
BOILER No. 4
Make Sterling - Babcock & Wilcox Model
Serial No. S9586 Rate #/Hr 160,000 pph/525 PSIG milt' 1948
EQUIPMENT REPAIR COSrS
Furnace Refactory repair, baffle replacements $ 6,500
Boiler Tubes Need good cleaning
Drums Need good cleaning
Economizer Good shape - General cleaning
Air Preheater Cleaning Collector Need discharge slides J I.D. Fan Need new motor drive 200 HP 1030 RPM 12,000 F.D. Fan Need new mtor drive 100 HP 1030 RPM
Duct Work Some work 4,500
Grates Presently covered with ashes - Look 6,500 go& - Steam driver needs external mtor
Spreaders 6 spreaders Detroit Roto grade - Need 3,500 drive 5 HP mtor
Burners Present oil & gas look good - Ramve and 8,500 blank areas
Feed Water Inlet 'ho positions copes need some mrk - 7,508 Diamond water glass need maintenance Soot Blowers Replace in .some areas
Hoppers (ash) Needs cleaning Safety Valves Need new steam pressure - Foster valves set 547#
Stop & Go Valves Edward's valve looks guod
Blow Down Valve Valves are OK, need packing
2 Coal Scales (2) Plus discharge chutes to spreaders
2 Coal Feeders Need piping to coal scales Total Capital Cost
All figures for Boilers 3 and 4 do not include any'mrk on the present safety valves or future safety valves based on a design plant pressure.
The life expectancy of Boilers No. 1, No. 3 and No. 4 is appmxirnately 40 years with all related equipment such as fans, feeders, coal scales having the same expectancy except for periodic replacement of internal pats.
*Turbine costs for I.D. Fans, F.D. Fans and pulverizers $ 10,000 Turbine or electric drive determination is part of Phase I1 CAPITAL COST OF THE DEMONSTRATION SYSTEMS
SO- SO- GENERATING PLAWT'
PIPING AND MISCXZUNEDUS SYSTEM REHAl3ILITATION
Item .Cost 475 Psig Piping ...... $ 45. 000 200 Psig Piping ...... 55, 000 L.P. Piping ...... 30, 000 Condensate Piping ...... 25,000 High Pressure Returns ...... 10,000 Fezdwater Piping ...... 1 ...... 22. 5CO Control Air Plus Compressors ...... ; .:45. 000 Water and Waste Piping ...... 25,000 &mve Old Piping ...... 25. 000 1 160 Psig De Superheat with 1ndicator.Recorder. Etc ...... 4. 960 1 Deaerator Heater and Storage Tank all Trim Contmls ...... 29. 650 2 Feedwater Pumps ...... 17. 500
1. Condensate Pump ...... 6,500
1 Complete Ash Systm for Boiler and Baghouse Units ...... 385, 000
X lh3.ensiori of Coal System in Plant ...... 425, 000 1 mustion Air System for Plant ...... 7.500 2 AirCompressors.1forInstrumentAirDryer. Etc ...... 15. 000 1 for Plant Air...... 8.500 Total Capital Cost $1.182. 110 CAPITAL> OOSrS OF DEMONSTRATION-"--- SYSIF!
sWlTWET GIOERATING PLANT ELECY?FlICAL REHABILITATION
Itan -Cost- 1500 KVA Unit Sub ...... $ 66,000
Primary Switch Station ...... ; ...... 34,000
. *Motor Replacement and Starters...... 100,000
Plant Secondary Wiring & Lighting...... :..... ;. ... 246,000
Total capital Costs $446,000
*Feedwater motors, I.D. Fans, and F.D. fans associated with boilers are
part of boiler costs. This does not include motors or wiring for waste
heat recovery boiler, baghouses, turbine-generator, conveyor system or pyrolysis systems. ' ~WUrHEAST STEA -I ANT C
X CAPACITY OF COAL STORAGE BIN AT THE STEAM PLANT USING 55LBS. PER- CUBIC FOOT X -BIN TRACK LEVEL MAXIMUM NO. I 3000 TONS 4000 TONS NO. 2 2300 " 3300 " NO. 3 2491 . 3500 " I NO. 4 2675 " 3600 " NO. 7 2606 3000 " 13072 TONS 17400 TONS CONVEYOR UP AND
RIVER BLUFF -- 92.0' -- eG.o'-.
68.0' .-
AVO. BSHT FLOOR 55.11'..
HIGH WATER LEVEL 48.0' -- AVO. WATER LEVEL 44.S.- LOOKING WEST
FLOW -----*
# 13,800 VOLT EXISTING LINES FOR ICES LEAVE , PLANT ON WEST SIDE UNDERGROUND m MAIN STREET SUBSTATION '. i MAIN TURBINE WILL BE RATE0 7500KW FOR OPTIMIZAT~ON IN PHASE n. TURBINE TYPE m X aEsEygg.yNk"p"i" Rl "E 1.( X
W WILDWIG XALE $)(En * UNIVER!5ITY SOUTHEAST STEAM PLANT SlTE FOR I.C.E.S. GDM OF SlTE PLAN AT EXISTING SOUTHEAST STEAM PLANT ~IEDDATE WED ORAWM J.O. 3-21-77 The university of Minnesota is convinced that baghouses are the appropriate mechanisms to control particulate emissions at or below the levels required by permitting regulatory bodies. The University of
Minnesota currently has baghouses installed on its St:, Paul Campus
Heating Plant and will have completed by April, 1978, the Minneapolis
Campus installation at a cost of $3,000,000.
Baghouses are reliable, efficient, pollution-control devices for particulates. They have proven experience in the steel, carbon-black, and cement industries. Notemrthy perhaps is that the University of
Minnesota's St. Paul installation as being among the first 60 in the United States for industrial coal fired operations. The article in- cluded at the end of this section explains baghouse operation. Tests on the St. Paul baghouse installation, during 1977, showed them to be
99% efficient. This results in a clear stack exhaust even during soot blowing operations.
The University will use baghouses at the Southeast Steam Plant.
For comparative purposes we asked Campbell-Sevey, Inc., supplier of the St. Paul installation for budgetary costs of electrostatic pre- cipitators and baghouses. Sumnarized below are these costs.
Design Information Provided by University to Campbell-Sevey
Boiler #3 exhaust - 33,500 SCFM - 47,905 ACFM - 300" F.
Boiler #4 exhaust - 36,700 SCFM - 52,481 ADTI - 300' F.
Total to Baghouses = 100,386 ACFM
110,000 ACFM used for design Precipitator Desikm ("Essentially Clear Stack")
Size: 28 ft. deep x 20 ft. wide x 55 ft. high
Material Cost
Baghouse I.D. Fan
Duct Work, Etc.
Installation Labor
Total Capital Costs
Baghouse Design ("Essentially Clear Stack")
Size: 21 ft. deep x 70 ft. wide x 55 ft. high
Material Cost
Baghouse I.D. Fan
Duct Work, Etc.
Installation Labor
Total Capital Costs NSTI CAMPUS "EATING PLAN-
CAMPBELL-SEVEY, INC. C e Div. of Crone Co. Spencc Engineering Co: ENVIRONMENTAL. PLANT Br PROCESS EQUIPMENT I! .ir Correction Div. Malton.Roy Co. Penberthy ~\I*J.CO.. Inc. 14100 County Road 6 . Minncapolii, Minnerota 55441 Killcbrew Engineering CO. Leor.Siegler. Inc. Kunkle Volvn Co. lunien D;v. Lttnkenhcimer (612)559 -0306 Illlorquctto Coppersmithing Industflol Clron Air Ldesidc Equiplnent Corp. February 18, 1977 Uco Controls Kk. Emerson Elcctric Co.
Mr. Jim OsGara Rm. 110 Shops 319 15th Ave. S.E. University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Subject: Southeast Steam Plant Air Pollution Control Equipment Preliminary Budgetary Data
Dear Jim:
As a result of recent telephone conversations and a meeting held at the Southeast Steam Plant on February 3, with yourself 2nd Joe Roback, we are pleased to supply you with preliminary budgeta~yinformation on both electro- static precipitators and baghouse collectors for boilers No. 3 & 4 at the above subject plant.
Design information, which you gave to us, indicated 33,500 SCFM exhaust from boiler #3 and 36,700 SCFM from boiler 84 at a temperature of approximately 300°F at the collection equipment. These numbers convert to 47,905 ACnI and I 52,481 ACFM respectively making a total-of 100,386 ACFM to .the collection equipment. We have, therefore, used with an approximate 10% safety factor $10,000 ACFM for design purposes.
Electrostatic Preci~itator
bln electrostatic precipitator to handle 110,000 ACFM at 300°F designed to give an "essentially clear stack" would have overall physical dimensions of approx- imately 28' deep x 20' wide x 55' overall height. The unit would have front fnlet back outlet.
For fan design purposes pressure drop across the precipitator itself would be 0.5" with an estimated 1.0" for inlet and outlet breeching.
The precipitator would utilize three hoppers each of which would have to be equipped with ash handling equipment.
A budgetary estimate for a precipitator of this size installed, including structural support steel, inlet and outlet plenums, precipitator and plenum fnsulationj wiring, access (platforms, ladders and walkways) would be , , $900,000, The price does not include breeching from existing fans to inlet plenum and from outlet plenum to stack, breeching structural support, breeching insulation, Page 2 , , . dampers, fans, foundations, or ash handling equipment.
Utilizing 3q/JJTH and 8000 hours of operztion per year, electrical operatbg cost, including hopper heaters and rappers, would be approximately , ,$40,000, Parts and labor for maintenance would annually run approximately . , , $10,000 Total normal annual operating cost would therefore be approximately $50,000 per year.
Baghouses
utilizing the same design criteria of 110,000 ACFM at 300°F a ,baghouse similar to the larger unit now being supp,lied to the University of Minnesota for the maln boiler plant, Minneapolis Campus, could be used. This baghouse contains eight modules each with (120) 8" diameter x 286" long teflon coated fiberglass' bags giving a filter area per module of 6,000 sq. ft,
Utilizing this 48,000 sq, ft. and 110,000 ACFM for the Southeast Steam Plant the installation would have a gross air to cloth ratio of 2,29:1; a net air to cloth.ratio with one unit out for cleaning of 2.62:l; a service air to cloth ratio with one module out for cleaning and one module out for service of 3,05:1, ...... 1he air to cloth ratios can be adjusted either up or down by adjusting the number . of modules or the number of bags and thus the square.feet of cloth area per module based on final design canfinnation of the actual CFM andthe desired -. bag life (bag replacement cost) versus capital equipment cost. Obviously, lower air to cloth ratios are going to increase bag life and capital equipment expen- ditures, Available information on existing baghouse installations on coal fired boilers indicates a conservative design range of 2-2,.5:1 gross and 2.5 - 3:l service air to cloth ratios will give bag life in the neighborhood of three years,
Layout for the existing Southeast Steam Plant could be similar to the attached Dwg. N6010 wi'th' inlet and outlet at the same end instead of as shown on 'the drawing or the modules could be arranged in two roxgs.of four modules each with the inlet and outlet manifolds between the two rows and inlet and outlet at one end.
General dimensions as shown on Dwg. N6010 can be used to scale the two row arrangement.
A budget estimate for an eight module unit as outlined either fn the one row or two row configuration, including installation, structural support steel, inlet and outlet manifolds, booster fan, insulation, wiring, access (platforms, ladders and walkways) . .' , . .$660,000. The price does not include breeching, breeching insulation, dampers, fotmdat.ions, ash handling equipment (one hopper per module with ash handling equipment on each hopper).
t The baghouse collector, including inlet and outlet manifolds, would have an estimated maximum pressure drop of 6". Utilizing the same power costs and Page 3 . . .
the same number of hours.of operation per year as for the precipitator evalua- tion, the electrical operating cost, including reverse air fans and hopper heaters, would be approximately $47,000 per year. Norma1 maintenance, includ- ing parts and labor but excluding bag replacement materials and labor, would be approximately $10,000 per year thus giving a total operating; cost, including labor and materials, of approximately $57,000 per year.
Bags cost approximately $22 per bag and bag replacement labor.is app-xbately ten minutes per bag per man with two men required to change a;bag, If we utilize $15 per hour for labor and an estimated 25 year bag life, we would replace 385 bags per year and utilize 127 hours of replacement labor, 'Phus on a projected 2% year life. the annual bag replacement cost (materials and labor) would be approxfmately $1,0,375.
pbviously, if the bags last one year or four years the bag replacement cost per year would vary 'proportionally,
Many cunditions can al'fect the silection, design, lxjout etc. of air pollution control equipment for a plant of this nature. With the minimum preliminary data given to us for design purposes, the information presented here should be considered as budgetary only. We would be pleased to meet with you further at your convenience to review thfs data and to supplement it as your requirements - dictate,
ROBERT H. SEVEY Tap access to tube sheet permits failed bags to be located via Baghouse specifically designed for boileo features penthowe. ultraviolet-tracer technique without entering the baghouse integral crane, bag cartridges for easy maintenance
Environmental management Why the swing to bagkousss?
The switch to coal, much of it low-sulfur, has triggered increased use of baghouses. Here's what you should know about these pollution-control units By S A Reigel and R ,PBundy, Standard Havens Inc
UniiI recently. thc accepted method for is the conversion of oil- and/or ps- one might think that a radical tech- flvash collection in the utility industry fired boilers to enable burning of nological breakthrou* has occurred. has been by electrostatic precipitation. coal/oil mixtures. General Motors, in Not so. The baghouses being used on However, the inability of precipitators cooperation with several. other com- coaEfired boilers today differ only in . . :.&. --.-- to rcrnove high-resistivity flyash rf- panies, is obtaining good results on a detail from those used to control indus- ficiectly without expensive alterations full-scale conversion at its Chevrolet trial dusts in Ute early years of this cen- h~sled a growing number of utilities to Nodular Iron powerhouse in Saginaw, tury. (If you are unfamiliar with how a instsll baghouses. Remember. high- Mich. baghouse works, see the primer, facing resistivity Ryash results when burning The top table on p 70 gives an esti- page, and the glossary on p 72.) low-sulfur coal-which constitutes vir- mate of the growth in fossil-fuel-fired The basic criterion used in specifying tually all coal deposits found west of the generating capacity of US utilities any baghouse for any application is the Xlississippi River. through 1984. Assuming that the major "gas-to-cloth ratio," defined as the ratio Baghouses are being supplied at both market shift toward baghouses contin- of actual gas-flow rate to net cloth area new and exijtinp plants. and are even ues, we feel the following scenario is Thus, GC - Q/A where GC = gas-to- replacing precipltaton that are not reasonable: . xeeting efficiency expectations. Texas m 30% of existing coal-fi .. ,.Jt~l~ties recently purchased a baghouse convert to baghouses by 1980. to augment the existing precipitators at = 50% of planned new coal-fired . . its 1190-MW Monticello station. From units will be equipped with baghouses 60% to of the flue gas will be diver- through 1980.
red from the precipitators to the bag- 75% of planned new coal-fired , house system. units will be equipped wit IVhg this trend to baghouses? And to after 1980. what extent is it likely to continue? A 1m of existing oil/gas-fired units Iarpc utility conjultant. Steams-Roger. will convert to baghouses by 1980. brlicvrs that at least 75% (if not 100!3) 10% of planned new oil/gas-fired of new plants in the West. regardless of units will be equipped with baghouses. generator size, are likely candidates for The market. Assuming $35.000 per ' b;l"hna1ses. An EPA spokesman said at MW total installed cost, US utilities will r meeting that baghouses wilS be spend about $5.5-billion (in 1976 dol- 3s: - -,:ass the country, and cited Penn- lars) on baghouse systems by 198). This / sylvania Power Sr Light's Sunbury and is a lot of money by anyone's standards, i-ioltyood stations to substantiate this and most manufacturers of air-pollu- ~irtw. tion-control equipment have plans to Another development that may- in- service this market. crease use of baghouses at utility plants For a market to develop
% I ... .., ...... A primer on baghouse design and operatio
A b3;house is a large metal box divided into two functional areas. the bag and fractures thedustcake. W ^-? area. ths dirty-air plenum. may be a part of the baghouse being brought back on jine, the fract p2r or it may take the form ot a gas-distribution manifold. The into the hopper. If the unit operates ~~lz':onof the dirty-air plenum is to distribute the incoming gas main process fan is located on the evenly to the filtering elements or bags. . . :. . the reduced pressure in the baghou The clean-air plenum is that part of the baghouse where re-' an auxiliary fan. It is common: to c com3lnation of the air circuits from each of the individual bags . flow cleaning in the same unit. ... ' lakes place. The interface separating clean-. and dirty-air ple- Reverse-pulse baghouses use a nums is Me filtsfing media or bags. The baghouse hopper is a re- directed from thetop to the bottom ceptacle for collected particulate material and is a part of,the usually less than 100 msec, aspira ...... dirty-air plenum...... :. . :'through a nodeor venturi.'The r The filter mechanisms involved in removing particles from a . bag and casts olf the collected 11 flowing gas stream are impaction. Interception, and ditluslon. units collect flyash on the inside These mechanisms are responsible for the collision of a particle . units collect flyash on the outsid on a target (i.8.. a cloth fiber). and ar9 of paramount importance .. LlmllaUons- Bags have rath when tha baghouse is flrst brought on line, and the tittering el* ..ranging from.180F.to 550F... T ments are clean. After a short time, however. the bags become when using fabrics able to wit caked with a layer of flyash. and this dust cake actuRlly becomes peratures of 300F and above. tne filtering medium. No matter how vigorously the bags ere' . resulting from contact with 11
shaken. collapsed, or pulsed, a residual dust cake is rotalned at- ' bags occurs trom direct irnpa ter each cleaning. and the bags now act malnly as a matrlx to ,. when flyash strikes a bag tan , .. . .' .._; ..... support the flyash. . , . .-.. . ~. . ., . :'i..#; . ': ;'. Impossible, but proper desl Baghousev are characterized and identified according to the cause of bag failure by chan method used to remove flyash from the bags..The bags in shaker- way, and/or by holding gas ty& units 31 J urrget~dedfrom a s:ru~turalirdmework, dllich is ' The destr~ct~onof a bag sup2orted in such a way that it is tree to oscillatewhen driven by to misoperation- Processe a sma!l electric motor. Periodically, a damper isolates a campart- peratures frequently prod ment of the baghouse sathat no air flows. The bagsin that com- whlch, at the acid's dewp partmmt ara then shaken for a minute lmore or less), during:' ., dewpoint depends on th which time the collected dust cake is dislodged trom the bags. . . gas, and is almost imp The dust falls into the hopper. from which it is subsequently ox- .: . Bags. like people..t ...... ,,,':.'...-...... pelled...... -{..:.. ';-' .... ;.., ...... ;.; ... thousands of cleani ? Reverseflow baghoulea ark equipbed with an 'auxilliary. tan .mately fail. The sit" that forces air through the bags in an isolated compartment In the diredon opposite to filtration. The "backwash" action collapses . . .. :.; *...*:.& .. ,=; &:--,a ',&2&;;-.2~; s'..st::. .. .:...... ,......
'The most important components of heavier arid much fuzzier, weighing 10- age life of 18 to 36 months. Several any baghouss are the filtering elements. 20 oz/sq yd; they atso have a pemea- causes of bag failure: blinding, caking. or br\gs. and perhaps less is known bility of 10-30 acfm. burning. abr~sion.chemical attack. and about predicting their in-service per- . A common problem with many man- aging. The circumstances that can lead formancr than a-bout any orher compo- made fibers is their tendency 16 elon- to bag failure vary widely. Some occur nent (bottom table, p 70). In general, gate under load and shrink at higher during normal operation; others are bag$ are either woven or felted. Woven temperatures. This lack of dimensional due to misapplication or improper op bags irc usuiilly furnished with 3 weight stability may cause a reduction in clean- eration. of 5- IUoz/jq yd and a permeability (see ing efficiency or premature mechanical Blinding occurs when ffyash is cap gloss~ry)of 10-30 acfm. Felted bags arc failure of the bags. To minimize these tured within the bag material and the . problems, many fabrics are "heat-set." cleaning mechanism is unable to dis- Many other surface finishes and me- lodge it. Either the cleaning mechanism chanical operations may be performed is not powerful enough. or the nature of Bags attached to a removable tube sheet on the cloth to accomplish specific aims. the flyash is such that it can readily cn- (left) parmit entire modules to be replaced For instance, a spun fabiic may be ter the fabric, where it is entrained with a crane. Baghouses designed for singed or sheared to reduce surface-hair within the fibers to the extent that no interix maintenance (below) require that length, thus presenting 3 smooth surface reasonable amount of power will re- bags Sy changed from inside. to the flyash and making it easier for the move it. ash to be dislodged during the cleaning Caking is the formation of a solid cycle. Other examples are resin finishes mat of self-adhering fiyash on the dirty. for providing a more smooth surface; gas-side of the bag, which cannot be re- graphite finishes for eliminating build- moved by the normal cleaning mecha- ing of static charges; nappin: for im- nism of the baghouse. The most com- provement of collection efficiency; mon cause of caking is the presence of resins, graphite, or Teflon for improve- condensation in the gas stream. which ment ofabrasion resistance. causes "mud" to fonn on the The highest maintenance component which later dries into a hard cake. of a baghouse are the bags, which repre- Unit innovations. For years, bag- sent from 5-20% of the erected cost, de- houses have proven to be reliable, ex- pending on material. Bags have an aver- tremely efficient pollution-control de- . . '. , ;. ,,,. . r. .,!,'";i("*"' .. , . . . vi:e, in kc steel, carbon-blnck. and Estimated fosrlCfue1generating capacity In the US through 1984. ccm:nl industries. This is not to suggrst &it ~igniriantdin'erences don't exist bs;.?n cc-I-fired boilers and other ap- Coal pi.
at Over & gas-to-cloth ra- ti=. Each unit is actually a precipitator casing that has been made over into a
bn~houseb? retrofitting it with felted ,, . acr;lis bigs ( 16 oz/sq yd). The bags are suFp'ncd by wire cages A COntm~bmay be formed when a gas stream laden ant are 'Ierned by flprh entern via,he c. conp'esitd air at IW psig' This Of Plate (right). To Correct thlr reverse stream, so gas flow into bag along its entint lenp(n: Clean air exits through hole in tube sheet at top of unil(lefi) of :lc.lnin,o filters has been successfully ap;lied to Sailer baghouses in the US, Clean gas as have both repressuring, and repres- suiing wi!h shake assist. Pulje cleaning offers several advan- Region of turbulent h;~over either repressuring or repra- wring with shake assist. With off-line puke cleaning, the gas-to-cloth ratio m3j' bc increased from 2.5: 1 to 4.5: 1 US- ins 6kr-gl=s filters. This boost has prcfocnd effect on the required plan -\LO,pulse cleaning implies that thf fikbags rill be suspended from a roi.f(mbesheet) rather than attaching to / a fxr (cell plate). Thus, by equipping bl:houjc with an integral traveling crzc. entire cartridges of bags may be exrncred without physicslly entering / the hostile environment of the bag- Dirtygas hu-~. lVith tightening OSHA regu- I...: as. this advantage is becoming In- sir$! important. M additional advantage offered by sus;cndins the bags from a tube sheet is th- esr: n.i& which a failed filter may (text continues on p 73)
'L:~.~?~OWENTAL~m&~~~~~
. . ,* .t .. , . . Comprehensive summary
Plame ' Location lolph Coors Co . . ialgamated Sugar Co. Glass , PC - Amalgamated Sugar Co Glass PC
Amalgamated Sugar Co WF Rksa Glass . S , Amalgama:ed Sugar Co
Amalgamated Sugar Co , Twin Falls, Ida . ' WP . RA Ametek Inc Ashland Chemical Co Board of Public Utilities Kansas City. Kan Carborundum Co . . Niagara Falls. NY CAR. . . . RA
Crisp County Power Co
E Idu Pont de Nemours 8 Co
E Idu Pont de Nemours 8 Co New Johnsonville. Tn SH : P . Teflon . .... S ' E Idu Pont de Nemours & Co Parkersburg, Va E Idu Po~tde ernc curs'^ Co Wayneshoro, Va WP. Ra,va.
Hiram Walker 8 Sons Inc . Peoria. Ill Tbd Tbd
Kerr Industries (test unit) . .' Concord, NC ' ' ' ES .. Var
Kingsley Air Force Base " Klamath Falls, Ore. : SH
'. . 1.. Painesville.,Oh , ' ' SH' P.
University of Notre ~ame-... South Bend,.lnd '.. Pa. Glass Sand Gorp . . Union. Pa i',. :,
Pa. Power 8 tight Co . " Holtwood. Pa ' ' .
Sorg Paper Co Southern Cal. Edison
Texas Utilities ' Texas Utilities Uniroyal Inc Uniroyal Inc University of Illinois
USSteeiCo Westinghouse Electri
I'" "' '-ACNRERS Availability of fabrics under development Cost factor . Fabric Avanabllity (glass=l.O) Glass as we now use it Yes 1.M) Kermel' Limited 7.47 Acid-resistant Nomex? Limited 2.78 Now 100" 1982 (?) 2.78 Gore-Tex on glass or on GorsTex, 6-18 months 6.43-9.65 Teflon. felted" Yes 12.87 Teflon, felted on ~or&~ex3 Yei 9.00 Teflon, woven3 Yes 3.80 Pyrotex TJ Yes 14.07 Stainless-steel metal felt Yes 25.0(?) Glass felr Indefinite 1.OO(?)
Acrvlic Yes- - t.00.~.- ,Aj ./6 .:7 .4B , ,A ,A ,d2 ,& .:,, ' ~lgh-temperaturea~rylic 1-2 years 1.20 Supptl*~:1. West Accldia and Rmnn %~t.m2. BWF. West C1.rmay. Eetlmabd tobl market for high-temperature, acid-resistant, . 3. DU Pont. 4. w L Gore. 5. DJ POC &re. 8. Oucrngwniw- Nb.mlaa- &I oih- nonflarmable filter fabric (OEM plus replacement) mvercll sources. $1 a? A. ....- ... ;, .. .. - .. * ....<<,,, .: ;. ,,,..w-...... - cs...... - ... -.; , '. -%FA* ...... "'..'.. '...... ,_, .,' : A glossary of common baghouse terms ...... - ... --.,...... r..- i...... -- .---. .' Abrnsior Bex. Cloth wear id a cre~edarea ten specified at a certain number of linear cadby excessive bending. yd/lb of a designated width. Abrasiu surfnce More or less uniform wear Cold spot. On an insulated baghouse, a point on rhduty side of the cloth. where a continuous metallic heat-transfer Au, lib i. s)mt;~elicpolymerized fiber tiat ckcic thugh the insulaiiorr aeata an con*& least 85% acrylonitrile. uainsulated area. Air, stadad Dty air at 70F and 29.92 in. Hg Coaceotratiot~Amount of dust in the gas. prwe. Equivalent to 0.075 Ib/cu R Usually expressed in tscms of grains/cu I?, .At&iticx~Wearing or pinding dorm by fric- lb/1000 Ib of gas ppm, mg/m m, or tion One of the three basic contributing Ib/million Btu. procssa of air pollution, the'othen being Coron&ing. A heat-cleaning process fo; glass vop~stwnand comhstion. fabric to burn off the starches used in pro- Basket -me An extensioa of plain weave. cessing glass, usually at lOCG12M)F tem- Botch deamd. Ususlly refers to that process peratures for short duration. used in heatcleaning glass cloth in roll Cotton number. Staple yams arc generally fom: 5y exposing it to 500-600F tempera- sized on the cotton system. Example: an turrs Tor prolonged periods to bum off the 18 singles yarn is of such a size that 18 stuea hanks (ench hank contains 840 yards) Bleed. Pmicla of dust or fumes that are able weighs 1 lb. to leiLhrough the bag. Cotton system. A system of yam manufac- Blind. Kcshge of bag by dusr. fumes, or liq- turing for spinning cotton Aber into yarn. uid nt+ring the cloth and not being dis- ' whereby 'the individurd fibers are aligned chxC4by the cleaning mechanism. Once pnnllel. . eno.4 material has built upi gas Bow is Cover. A descriptive tern for the appearance srve~lyrestricted, and the bags have to be of plain woven goods. A 'kell-covered" d~de~wdor replaced. cloth is the opposite of an open, "reedy*' Bridge Material blockage across an opening, cloth. such a hopper outlet. Crimp Waves contained in a yarn. Broken trriIL Modified twill weave, where the Denier. The weight in grams of 9000 meters diapd tG.L lie is broken in a regular of fiber. patt.- Diaphragm valve A compressed-air-operated Bullied panr ~ilame,ntyam that has been valve that is used to pulse-clean bags. pr~dby high-pressure air passing Dtwnslooal stability. Ability of he fabric to tho@ the yam and relaxing it into retain its sue in hot or moist atmosphere. geork loops, bends, etc Doup selvage. Two false selvages woven in Cabs >lac.efial crusted on a bag that cannot the cloth about H in. apart; useful in split- be raoved by the cleaning mechanism- ting the length of cloth in two. reprssuring pulsing. etr MI weave. A 2/1 L.H. twill, or 3/1 twill. . Calmbaing The application of either hot or End. Same ai warp thread. cold pram. usually expressed in ton- End count. Same as warp count n3gc = smooth or polish a fabric. thereby ExtensiMUty. Stretching characteristics of rzdyxin~ the thickness of the cloth by fabric under specified conditions. spr-g the warp and filling yarns into a Fabric A collective term applied to cloth ao ribhn shape. maner how constructed, and regardless of Cantom BaDneI. Usudy a twill-wave fabric the kind of fiber used. In the commonest - with 3ehlling Boat heavily napped. r . sense. it refers to a woven cloth. k general, a pliant fabric that is wo- Felted bag. Type of bag frequendy used on 1 . inined, felted, or otherwise formed pulse-jet dust collectors. Features a thick lrvu any textile fiber, wire. or other suit- mat of fiben supported by a woven back- able uteri& ing or scrim. Q7lcth -eight UsdYexpressed in oz/sq.yd Fiber. Fundamentd unit of a textile raw ma- or srisq k However, cotton ?teen is of- tend such as conon, wool CIC. (continued from p.70) at least two years under continuous op- a baghouse geometry that accomplishes bc located and capped off: To find a eration. filtration by gas flow io the opposite di- fililrd b;~g. a special. inert. high-tem- Initinl problems associated with rection (flyash is no longer present). prrature fluorescent powder is injected premature bag failure have been traced What's needed Right now it appears .".,, the breeching between the air to an exceptionally ahrasive area imrnr- that the most pressing technological water and the baghouse. An inspec- diately following the mouth of the filter need is an improved filtration medium ..,.. of only the bag/tube-sheet connec- (drawing, p 70). If the flyash-laden at reasonable cost Aen. there is ample tion with an ultraviolet lamp identifies stream enten the filter through a hole in incentive to ensure that manuf;lcturen any failed bags. Inspection is accom- the cell plate, a vena contracta is will spend deveIoprnznt dollars to pro- plished without entering the ba$ouse. formed. The higher the gas-to-cloth ra- duce such a fabric (curves, facing page). Woven glass fiber has proven to be an tio, the more severe this effect. The vena Fabrics under developmentare outlined erective, low-cost filtration medium. contracta throws flyash at relatively in the table, facing page. It's far from perfect, however. It is eas- high velocities against the filter surface, It appears, then. that fabric filters are ily able to withstand the elevated tem- rapidly abrading it. rapidly becoming ampted in the utility peratures and acidic environment of a This problem has been solved by industry. This acceptance will accelerate flue-gas stream, but it has the tendency keeping the gas-to-cloth ratio as low as modifications to make fabric filters to destroy itself if given half a chance. A possible and installing steel wear-liners smaller. more reliable, and more main- set of fiber-glss bags will probably last at the vena contracta, or by simply using tainable. TCE
...... blodacrylic A synthetic polymerired fiber Sanforized, A patented process where the Tensile strength The ability dryam or fabric that contains less than 85% aayloniuile. cloth is "pucker& in the warp direction to resist breaking by dircct tension. mulle en bunt Rawnecessary to rupture a to eliminate shrinkage in laundering. Tenter Erame @in tentwp A machine for dry- secured specimen of cloth: usually ex- Sateen. Cotton cloth made with a sateen ing cloth under tcmbn. Tcntering; also pressed in psi . weave. expressed as warp or filling sateen. called framing. Multihlament, muItieL Yarn composed of Satin weave. A form of twill. except that the Textile That which u or may be woven. rsv-ra! tilarrents, which am aonrinuous points of intersection are $*parated from Thresd count The numkof warp a~d611- st.ai~,l;of fibcr of indeE Jte length one an~tlerin eitl~era consistent or ia- ing yam. in a fabric. Napped The rupturing of the filling yarns to consistent manner. Throw. A process of doubling or ,twisting produce a fleecy surface on woven fabrics. SCA. Standard collecting-plate area, in sq fibers into a ymu of the desired size and Needied felt Felt made by the plaament of fV 1000 cu ft of Rue gas. Values above 500 mst loose fiber in a systtmatic ahpent with are. usually economically attractive for Tow. A large number d filaments collect& barbed need& moving up and down. baghousa. in a loose rope-like form. without definite pushing and pulling the fibers to form an. Scour. A soapand-water wiuh to "off-loom" twist . . interlocking of adjacent fibm fabric. TPL Twist per inch. Nonwoven feIt Felt made either by needling. Scrim. A very loosely woven fabric onto Tube sheet. The steel plate that bag and by matting of fibers, or by compressing which felt is needled. cages are suspended from in a puke-type. with a bondins agent for pemancncy. Seeding. The application of a relati"ely baghouse. Qxford weave. Same as plain weave, except coarse, dry dust to a bag before startup, to TwIU weave. Warp yarns floating over or un- two warp yarns weave as one warp yam. provide an initial filter cake for immediate der at least two corasccutive picks from Permeability. The ability of air to pass high efficiency and to protect bag from lower left to upperrighk with the pints of through fabric, usually exprcsed in cfm of blinding. . intersection moving omyam outuriud and air/sq ft of fabric with a 0.5-in. H20ptes- Selragc The biding on &e lengthwise edge upward or downward on succeeding picks, sure differentid of a woven fabric. . causing diagnoal iina in the cloth. Pick Sameas tilling. . Smfcc module A compament in a pulse-jet T'wlst The number of cmmplete spiral turns Plain weave A weave in which each warp baghouse where valves, piping, wiring. in a yarn. in a right ar left didon: ie.. yarn passes alternately over each filling and timers are located. -2'' or "S." rcspectivdy. yarn. .. . . Shaker baghouse. A unit using woven cloth W~rpsateen. The face of Qe cloth having tic Ply. Two:ot more yarns joined together by , bags. Clecming is accomplished by shokig warp yams Boating ovrr the filling yams. twisting, the bags from the top. with a greater number of warp yam than Porosity. Sometimes erroneously used as a Shoddy. Reclaimed or reused wool. Blling yarns. synonym for permeability. Originally a Silicone finish; A treatment with silicone to Warp beam A .large spod-like or barrel-like designation for the amount of air in a fab- provide a slick finish for improved dust re- device on which the wnrp threads are ric; i.e., blankets. lease. wound. Ressed felt A type of felt manufactured by Singeing. The burning off of the protruding Warp count. Number of warp thmds per pressing fiben into a scrim. . hain from the warp and figyam of inch of width.
Pulse cyde The interval of time between one the fabric. . ' Wearc The pattern of weaving; ie, plain pulsing of a row of hap and the nut puls- Single. Term used to imply only one yarn. taill,satin.etr . .... ing of the same row. Sizing. A protective coating applied to yam Welt Same as Wing. . . Pulse intenaL Time between pulsing one row to ensure safe handling. Woof. Smeas filling. of bags and pulsing the next row. Slippage. The movement of yam in a fabric , Woolen system A system of yarn' mmufac- Pulse jet Generic name given to all puking due to insufiicient interlacing. , hrring suited for skater wook. various
collectatx . . Sluh A heavy blob of lini carried in a yarn ' wastes, reclaimed woo& etc. Reed mads Indentations betareen two, three, and interlocked during weaving. Worsted system. A system of ynm manufac- or four ends usually eliminated in Enish- Spun fabric Fabric woven from staple spun turing suited for modium and longer- ing. ;...... fiber; same as staple. . wools. Repeat The number of threads in a weave Staple fiber. Short fiber cut to specific length; . Yam A term for an as~cmblageof Bben or before tbe weave repeats or starts over in synthetics, 1% in., 2 in., 2% in.. etc. Also, Uentsfonning a strand (thrcid). which again The number of ends and picks in natural fibers of a length characteristic of can be woven or oknvise formed into a repeat may be qua1 or unqd. but in fiber, animal hben being the longat. tcxlilc material. . . .- y cue the repent must be in a rec- 5"h*ist. The spirals conform in slope to the Yarn she A relative measure of finentss or tnngular form. center portion of the letter 'S." ooarsencss of yare In spun yams, the Repressuring bqbuuq mtrvair baghouse. Taffeta Closely woven plain-weave fabrics, under the number. the coarser the yarn A unit that is cleaned by Bowing air back-- with the warp yams greatly outnumbering twist. The yam spirals conform in slope wards through the cloth...... the filling yams. , .. to the center puttion of the leuu"t" ....., :.. Power. January 19TT ...... ' ...... :...... SOLID WASIE ImT IWVERY SYSTEM
Part of the ICES program is utilization of hot products of corn
bustion frm a secondary canbustion chamber of the pyrolysis process . . for sensible heat recovery steam generation. The hot products of can-
bustion will be passed through a waste heat recovery boller to generate
43,500 pounds per hour at 735O F, 435 PSIG. The actual steam rate will
depend upon the operating envelope of the pyrolysis unit that is developed
in Volume 4. This steam rate is within the nominal range of the envelope.
In terms of' the value of western wal (8600 EYI'U/lb), this rate of steam
.flow based upon an 8000 hour operation is equivalent to the following .. . annual heat pr'bduction.
Fuel &st of Montana Coal : $17 per ton
Cost per rnil'lion BN Montana Coal : $. 9883/million BlZl
Cost per 1000 pounds of Steam: $1.4076
Total Annual Heat , = 8000 hours x 43,500 pph (1379.74 - 193.2)
= 4.1292 (loll) gRI
Value of Waste Heat Steam = $408,090 Annually as Fuel Supplement
This would be credited back to Pyrolysis Users.
l~nstallationCost of Demo. Systems Waste Heat bier $726,030
Debt Service for $726,030 @ % .per Annum (20 year basis) $ 65,342
hrtizat ion (20 year) $ 36,302
Maintenance and Operation .$ 20,000
Total Annual Costs $121,644 '
'$17/per pound - 43,500 pph. The following table provides infoxmation about waste heat recovery boilers used on Eurppean mnicipal waste systems. The University used this data so that Combustbn Ehgineering could select the appropriate boiler size for ICES. The sizing has proven to be correct in view of the Andco-Torrax operating envelope for the pyrolysis system shown in
Volume 4. .---- .--- .- 220.5 ,,Tons Per 132.3 Tons Per Day 132.3 Tons Per Day Day (Engl ish) @ : Engl ish @ 4500 BTU/LB Engl ish @ 4896 BTU/LB . 4500 BTU/LB; 200 120 Tons Per Day 120 Tons Per Day Tons Per Day (Met-. Metric @ 2500 KCal/KG Metric @ 2720 Kcal/'KG : ric) @ 2500 .KCal/KG
!
lo6 BTU/HR lo3 LB/HR lo6 BTU/HR lo3 LB/HR . lo6 BTU/HR IO~LB/HR 1 HEAT ENERGY MASS HEAT ENERGY MASS 'HEAT ENERGY MASS ,
Refuse 79.37 17.64 47.62 10.58 51 -47, Same as i 4500 BTUI Aux Fuel 2.22 0.09 1.33 0.05 1.44 LB input :
Input Comb. Air 0.95 102.25 0.57 61.35 -62
Feed Water 12.38 48.93 7.43 29.36 8.02.
T3ta1 31.92 168.91 5E. 95 101.34 61.55
Steam 67..07 48.93 40.24 29.36 43.46
Losses 11 -51 - 6.91 , -. 7.46' Oufbput Slag 1.98 4.39 1.19 2.63 1-29 -. Exh. Gases 14.29 115.59 8.57 69.35 9.26
Total 94.85 168.91 56.91 . 101.34 61.47
7 FUEL AND ENERGY TRANSPOW AND STORAGE
Movement of coal fmthe existing unbarging facility at University Heating Plant, and the transport of process energy from Southeast Steam to the Cbmunity presents new problems in addition to the University's problems of mginal environmental operation of its present coal unbarging and transport facilities. For ICES we are proposing four prime movers:
1. A multipurpose overhead enclosure or a deep tunnel system.
The deep tunnel system is preferred, see Schematic in Section
2. A coal unbarging and conveying system.
3. Oil storage facilities at Southeast Steam Pl'ant and inter- connecting oil line.
4. Special Train Coal Shiprents from Western Coal Fields. This system is preferred over the conveyor system. The multipurpose overhead enclosure mould serve as the linear overhead medium for transport of people and process energy (steam, hot water, electricity) between the two plants, and serve as a platfonn for the coal conveying system. A.schematic representation and the general route are shown in this section. The advantages gained by the enclosure are: 1. Move people (public and operating) safely by the coal un- barging area, service roads along the river, and to the proposed park area. 2. Serve as a unitized relatively maintenance free structure for the installation of piping systems of the energy pro- cesses and coal conveying belts. Ehaminat'ions of capital costs of the elevated enclosure versus tunneling costs show they are approximately the same although main- tenance costs of the enclosure would be considerably more thth a tunnel. The coal conveyor system can spell the difference between more efficient fuel management and fuel costs as ICES develops fully espe- cially if the special trainshipnentsdo not materialize as expected.
The ability to unload barges at two per day rather than one half per day opens a new area for contracting for fuel not presently available with existing unbarging facilities. We have estimated a savings of $5 per ton in fuel costs by having a more efficient unloading and trans- port systen. These economics will have to be investigated further in
Phase 11. A discussion of the area of contract for coal is included in discussions of fuel availability. Even though the conveyor system has high capital outlay the benefits to be gained environmentally and in the cost of fuel operations appear to make it an economically viable system.
Environmentally, the present unbarging system is marginal and during unbarging operations requires considerable maintenance expenses to prevent coal runoff into the Mississippi River. Ihring the winter more runoff occurs and runs into the river carrying with it coal par- ticulates dropped frm trucks onto the plant roads. The coal conveyor system would be totally enclosed with telescopic chutes and dust collection and suppression system at points of pick-up and deposit.
The diagram presented by Robbins Engineering depict the general arrangement and is not intended to be the final design for ICES. Regardless of either system used for fuel transport refurbishing
of the coal storage facilities at Southeast Plant will be required.
The refurbishing will include removal of interior bunker walls, re-
building walls and floors, adding an environesntnally safe water-coal
mixture collection system, and gunniting of all coal bunker structures.
In addition, the tm most southerly railway spurs muld be removed and
the ' northern nbst (upper spur) rebuilt . Because No. 1 boiler at Southeast Steam Plant will remain an oil
fired boiler, oil storage and oil transfer methods wil1,have to be
established. Presently, there are tm 100,000 gallon oil tanks and
transfer facilities located in the coal bunkers at Southeast Steam
. * Plant. These tanks and transfer facilities muld be relocated as
shown on the site plan (Section 3.1) for ICES. At the University
Heating Plant there is 1,430,500 gallons of oil storage. (700,000 gallons
buried - 725,500 gallons above ground.) An oil line from this storage
facility to the Southeast Steam Plant muld be put on the multipurpose
enclosure. The line wuld be direct buried if a tunnel is used because
of ventilation and considerable OSHA regulations. All oil lines, trans-
fer facilities and storage tanks muld be brought up to standards of
regulatory agencies.
Boiler No. 1 is a 160,000 pph, 735O F, 435 PSIG, rated boiler.
The EYIV output at full capacities rating is as follows:
Rated Output = 160,000 x 1379.74 BTU/lb
Rated Output - 220,758,400 Rated Fuel Input = Efficiency .8 No. 2 oil has a heat value of 138,000 MZT/gallon.
275,948,000 Rated Fuel Use = 138,000
= 2,000 Gal/hr at full boiler loading
Sinceone existing oil tank has a 100,000 gallon capacity, installa- tion of the tank would provide a 50 day supply of oil. This supply of ' oil will be adequate for maintenance or emergency purposes, and for providing supplementary firing oil for pymlysis (volume 4).
The installation of an oil line was deemed appropriate because of the environmental transfer problems associated with truck transfer and ongoing truck operation costs;
During Phase I1 we will have to examine the econcinic and operating feasibility of re-using the second, 100,000 gallon oil tank. It' can offer the following advantages:
1. Repairs can be made to equipment associated in one tank
while the other is being used.
2. Tanks can be switched if the held oil presents a firing
problem.
We will also have to examine the possibility of new tank purchases for a buried installation at Southeast Steam Plant and compare that cost against above ground tank installation, oil heater costs and energy costs for oil heating.
If the oil pipeline system between plants fails, oil will be trucked to the day tankat Southeast Steam by a private hauler.
Typical truck discharge rates are between 125 and 250 gpm. Also examination of heat tracing of this oil line will be considered. 3.4.1 SPECIAL TRAIN COAL SHIPhlEWrS FROM WESTERN UNITED STATES
As part of the feasibility study th'e shipmnt of coal fml the
Western U. S. coal fields of Montana, Wyoming and Utah is a problem, at the present time. The University working with the Burlington-
Northern Railroad has developed a proposed scheme to be possibly imple- mented by 1980, not only for large users of coal, but for the inter- mediates in the Twin City area. The Burlington-Northern railway system extends across the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and into the Western coal fields of Montana.
At the present time, the railroad ships coal fran the Montana mines to Northern States Powr Company in the Twin cities. Even the utility does not have the capability of handling unit trains (105 cars - 100 tons
per car) from the West, but must take snaller special trains (64 cars) per 24 hour period. The proposal developed is that Burlington-Northern
will investigate unit train shipments from Montana (105 cars - 100 tons
per car), bring them to the Win Cities, break the trains down to 40 to 60 car "specials", and distribute the "special trains" to the users. The user then has 24 hours to unload the coal before return of the empty cars.
, The University feels this is a significant developrent not only
here, but on a national basis. In order for the coal fields of the
West to develop, this sort of forward thinking must be implemented to lower fuel transportation costs.
As a result of this development the University investigated its
spur facilities at the University Heating Plant and Southeast Steam Plant. In conjunction with the railroad, it was determined that .spilr modifications, environmental modifications and unloading facilities could be retmfitted.at considerably less cost than a conveyor system.
.With these developnents, the University would have the capability to unload 45 cars per 24 hour period.
Robbins Engineers and Constructors, who developed the coal con- veyor pmposal for barge unloading also pmvided the .University .with costs for the railroad unloading at Southeast Steam Plantand smciated environmental system. The pmposal is built around bottom dumped cars.and water spray system in "fog houses" for coal unloading at Southeast Steam Plant. DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION COSTS
"SPECIAL TRAIN SHIPMEWT OF OOAL"
Car shakeout. complete with hoist (In addition. a 50' x 25' x 28' insulated building) ...... $170. 300
Cost to erect car shakeout and building ...... 70. 000 . '.
Dust suppression system: Equipment ...... 75. 000
Pipe and erection .... 50. 000
Dust Collection ...... 11.000
Installation of Dust Collection ...... 9. 000 Sub-Total ...... $385. 300
'Pm Car Unloaders (per unit = '$385. 300 ...... $600 770.
Track Repair. 5500' @ $50.00/ft ...... 275. 000
Tressel Repair ...... 100. 000
Truck Unloading ...... 80. 000 llw Diesel Engines (used) ...... 250. 000
Total Capital ...... $1,475, 600
Engineering & Construction @ 1%...... 250, 852
Construction Cost ...... $1.726. 452
. --..- ...... -yay,! .54;-:,,. . .;- . ...:...... -_. 2:. !
..I .-a .-<:.: ..,y-/.:.x* . 71 1 Union Boulevard. P.O.Box 3.Totowa. New Jersey 0751 1 201 256-7600 -:N Engineers 8 Constructors TWX 7 10-988-5730 Cable Address: ROBTNSENGR-TOTOWA
March 15, 1977
University of Minnesota physical Plant Maintenance and Operations 200 Shops Building Minneapolis, MN 55455
Attention: Warren 33. Soderberg, Director
Dear Mr. Soderberg: . . Reference: Coal Handlinq for SE Plant ~enewalUnder ERDA Grant In response to your request for approximate costs asso-' ciated with renewal of the southeast plant and'subsequent visit to the jobsite by Ron Smith and I, we are pleased to submit for your consideration the following prices.
ITEM 1 The approximate prices to furnish a complete coal handling system including 600 TPH Barge Unloader and Barge Haul, Belt Conveyors 1 thru 7. Vibrating feeder , Hoppers, Telescopic Chute. ripper. Chute Work, Towers A, B & C. Conveyor Gal- leries and Bents. Electrical Devices, Solid State Controls, Switchgear and Engineering is ...... $3,700,000.
ITEM 2 The approximate price to provide environmental control systems for ventillation, dust collection and dust suppression is OOO...... O...... O....o...... -..$ 210.0001
ITEM 3
The approximate price to erect Items 1 & 2 on foundations by others is ...... e~.-...e....-.$1,250,000,
58 Engineered Systems I University of Ifinnesota c:.- 6 c:mudud..=.>.:1 - March 15, 1977 i Page 2 . .
ITEM 3 (Cont 'd. ) The Power ~equirementsfor the system will be approximately as follows:
Barge Unloader 75 HP Barge Haul 10 HP
Conv. No. 1 '40 Hp
Conv. .No. 2 40 HP Conv. No. 3 125 HP
Conv. No. 4 25 H.P
Telescopic Chute 5 HP Vibrating Feeder 1 HP Conv. No, 5 Conv. No. 6 Conv. No. 7 Tripper Dust Suppression Dust Collection incl. Rotary Airlocks & Screw Conveyors Ventillation 4 ex.co- University of Minnesota A March 15, 1977 Page 3
For your reference we have also enclosed a rough sketch of the system we.proposed and,several typical Coal Handling Power Plant drawings. We sincerely trust this information fulfills your re- quirements and we look fornard to working with you on this project, Very truly yours, ROBINS ENGINEERS & CONSTRUCTORS
Central'Region
FJL :glp Enclosures cc: Mr. Jim Ogara Multipurpose Enclosure (Excluding Piping) $1,400,000 Coal Conveying Systems 5,118,000 Bunker Repairs 400,000
Net Removalof South Railroad Spurs 35,000 4" Oil Line from University Plant to Southeast Steam Plant 6,500 1 Oil Transfer Pump 4,180 Special Train Shipment Revisions Tunnel System (Ekcluding Piping) 4' .,.-. " . . "-. ,.- ' .I . . - ... .- ;...;.. . =.. ... 2 73 \:.":on aoulevard. P.O. Box 8. To:j.nra. New Jersey 075 1 t 201 256-7600 Ra&m Engineers & ~onstrktas TWX 710-988-5730 -Cable Address: ROBINSENGR-TOTOWA
March 21, 1977
Mr. Warren E. Soderberg, Director . . University of Minnesota Physical Plant Maintenance & Operations '. 200 shops Building Mimeapolie; Minnesota 55455 Reference: Coal Handling for SE Plant Renewal. RE&C'Project No. 7326-101 Dear Mr. Soderberg: Enclosed please find one (1) copy of Drawing No, PL-7326-100. which indicates a preliminary plot plan and elevation for the SE Plant ~bnveyors. 'Illis revised data is based on the drawings sent tous by your Mr. Joseph Robach with his'letter of March 11, 1977'. Based on the length required for 24" Conveyor No. 5 to elevate to the bin deck floor, we eliminated the cross conveyors shown on our original sketch. This revision would save approximately $30.000.00 on the cost of the equipment and $12,000.00 on erection, We are still investigating the market for a suitable barge unloader. other than grab bucket, rated between 200 and 300 TPH. As infor- mation along these lines develops, we will keep you posted. If you have any questions or require further,information, please do not hesitate to contact us. . Very truly yours,
ROBINS ENGINEERS & CONSTRUCTORS LITTON SYSTEMS, INC.
Frank J, Loeffler, P.E. ~egionalManager Business Development FJL:rdn Enclosu're cc: Mr. Jim Ogara
62
Engineered Systems . P 5-73 'ON A3VMINO3 s~vq AO 'aru3
METAL COVER WITH REMOVABLE WINDOWS ON RIVER SIDE ONLY SECTIONS FOR CLEANING
f .. II 1 CONTINUOUS BELT COAL CONVEYING SYSTEM
7
STEEL +TRUSS
1 THRUWAY FOR PLANT /OPERATING /' J. PERSONNEL
. . > -uA TYPICAL VIEW FROM .RI.VER
THRU GENERAL PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ;A
'\ '\ " L' . L' NOTE: PIPE SIZE INCLUDES ,g.B 0"6. INSU'LATION ~4 '6: 'f a 4 2. ENCLOSURE FOR HOT WATER PIPES - 10"~ LIGHTING AND POWER j,:; ?A STEAM PIPES-24*~ n FL\,.. WELDING OUTLETS '8 . d Pi P ; !.3 CONVEYOR POWER 'A: , . I. ENCLOSURE FOR 11 4. c3 t! 3. OIL LINE.FOR OIL i.I COMMUNICATIONS 8 ;I4 %:fin STORAGE TANKS AT INSTRUMENTATION 6>I,& e > S.E. STEAM STATION BETWEEN PLANTS ~i,\ 9'1 ' ! b- h:
.: 0 ;D'.. - . a? , .D. .rff?h.:$&.,A d. g q :,&,d..c\ :4 .& :.~\.:4.,~~\:4 /&uL -4, ,&%..A ix $,a- <&; SECTION A-A 1 - by GDM SCHEMATIC DEVELOPMENT ELEVATED MULTIPURPOSE. ENCLOSURE checked date revised drawing . . . . J,O, . . & . . . . : , GRID-ICE
DISTRICT HEATING - STEAM
As previously described the three partners to this proposal pre- sently have existing steam distribution systems. ICES 'bill involve the interconnection of these system to form the steam grid. There are three connections that will require construction for operation of -ICES. They are as follows:
1. A new 24" steam main and condensate return located in
the elevated enclosure or tunnel must be constructed from the Southeast Steam Plant to existing East:- Campus steam distribution.
2. A pressure reducing station must be installed at the University Heating Plant to reduce boiler pressure
from 200 PSIG to 160 PSIG distribution pressure. . 3. A deep tunnel and 14" steam piping mains interconnection
must be constructed from the vicinity of Middlebrook
Hall on West Bank Campus to the St. Mary's Hospital
existing boiler facility. A run of approximately
1,450 feet is involved. Condensate muld be returned. With expansion chambers the total 'tunnel length would
be 1,600 feet.
4. A shallow tunnel or trench must be constructed from St. &iryls Hospital steam distribution to Augsburg College steam distribution. This would include installa-
tion of a pressure reducing valve (160 PSIG to 15 PSIG) . and various inter-campus distribution ties at Augsburg College. 5. Installation of steam boosters at St. Mary's Hospital and the University's laundry facilities. Comparative
costs of electric boiler installations could be made in Phase 11. Boosters mould not be required at St. Mm's Hospital if the West Bank is converted to hot water distribution. HIGH VOLTAGE JET-FLOW TYPE
GENERATE STEAM BY ONE OF THE MOST EFFICIENT METHODS KNOWN Converts all electric energy into heat.
FAST RESPONSE . . Generates a full head of steam in less than half an hour. .. . FULLY AUTOMATIC Helps keep labor costs at a minimum.
LOW INITIAL COST Can be installed inside existing buildings.
COMPACT Smaller than fuel-fired boilers of similar cap-. acity. No space required for fuel storage or stacks.
CLEAN Permits a working environment free from noise, fumes, ash and excessive heat.
LOW MAINTENANCE No requirements for fuel residue removal or fuel filter and nozzle service.
NO MOVING PARTS IN BOILER Problems associated with moving parts inside the boiler are avoided. Rate of steam gener- ation is controlled by the conducting water level between the electrode and the neutral.
STABLE OPERATION DOWN TO 5% OF' RATED CAPACITY . . Stepleu control helps provide smooth adjust- This Electrode Steam Boiler, in service since 1960, fur- ~~entof power requirements with minimal nisher up to 30,000 pounds of steam per hour for com- effect on electric supply network. fort heating. OVER HALF A CENTURY 0F.ELECTRODE BOILER PROGRESS AT GENERAL ELECTRIC
More than fifty years ago Generd Elec- By 1923 several electrode boilers had progress has accompanied the growth is tric engineers pursued the principde of been developed and placed in service. application of electrode boilers as tht heating water by utilizing its own &st- Five patents were issued to the General inherent advantages are recognized. once to the passage of electrical cwneht Electric Company by 1929. Continuous . between two or more ekctroder .
OPERATING PRINCIPLE JET-FLOW TYPE STEAM BOILER Stwm is produced In the space bo- Nono1 to ths immcned depth of the tween the electrode and the neutral ekchodrr By roving the depth d tubes by the currrnt flowlng from tho water in the neutral tuba of the gen- ekmodes to the neutral tuber It then orating comparhranf the boiler load accumulates In the spa- abow the b varied An 1- in syshm prac diophmgm plate before wrs b ref)eaod by lowering the water through the steam dryer lnta the steam on *a okchodea and a rulnequent di.- maln. plamnmnt +a tho control comportment The Ecedwoter Is directed Into the When tho aphm pmuura. folls belw bottom of the boiler where It tlows thot of tha control compartment, tho freely into eoch compartment wiCi a rater will ria in the nwhl se4o.r +t flow over tha electrodes. to increase the kod. The spaw m'thin the thrw neutrals Dun to the bw elemode design- Is the generating compartment and dens'* and high velacity jat featurw that between the shell and the out- the boiler will be atabb in opratioa side of the neutrals, the control con+ dawn to fiw percent of rodcapocity. partrnent. The' boiler Iwd is propa*
STANDARD MODELS AVAILABLE for 150 & 300 psig. Capacities to over 170,000 pounds of steam/hour or over 1,000,000 gal./hr. water 20' F rise (through a heat exchanger).
.... . ' . STANDARD MODELS AVAIUBLE, CAPACITY 6 DIMENSIONS ...... 1 INPUT- FULL LOAD OUTPUT UPACI~ DIMENSIONS, INCHES WEIGH~TONS -- Kw@ KW@ FULL stca&i7-- MODEL 13,800 4160 LOAD @ 13860 VOLTS 4160 VOLTS D L W .H F' NO. VOL~VOLIS AMPS 11100 41a AAAAA , . PSlG PSKi PSlC PSlG van VOLTS P~F. A. F 13~. Z~F. 25;...... - , 'A ... : .. 250 .75 '. . ..-. , ' ;?..,., . '. ,.. ' : 1 TO To 110 5375 l37 .*? 103 2 41.1 50.8 "21.6 "60 102 101 230 4 13.0 . 15.0 165 ...... I& . ".._.,,...... : ...... :. ." .T. :' ...... - ...... :_. ... .' .' -:. ',.A;.. : -, , ' ' ...... _ ,.., 150 ,, : ...... 2 TO fO 420 W ;QUO l74 '.I64 , 82.2 ,61; . 49.3 ' 110 120 264 1 16 19.0 215 2M 70' , .: . . ,. 4 8amjOOO . . ;...... , :_'...... 750 22s ..... 3 fO TO 625 51750 IUU 411 300 24 123.3 '925 74.0 96 110. 130 164 5 165 20.0 215 25.0 Ism *sao ...... '" .,,. .., . . . .; ... , ..'. -._ .. loo0 300 ...... 4 TO TO 835 20700 W 411, 329 164.4 123.3 98.7 W' 130 130 2 5 165 0 215 25.0 ...... -. . < ...... lm 4!m 5 TO TO 1250 1- 31050 822 617 493 246.7 185.0 148.0 108 130 140 264 6 185 224 28-5 32.0 30000YaOO :-.. . .. , zoo0 600 .0. . 6 TO TO 1670 1- 41400 1096 822 658 318.9 246.7 197.3 108 130 140 264 6 183 22.0 285 120 4cmo llOOO . . . . 2s00 750 *. 7 TO TO 2oOS 172500 5179 llm 1028 822 411.1 308.3 246.7 140 140 2 6' 185 220 285 no 5M00 lMOO , la
*Ponr consumption depends on the quanh')y of ateam und
*-Skorn at 150 PSIG, 366F, Quality 99%. (Sham mparaton available for higher quality.) Output capacity bawd on Boiler Food Water Cond- tirity of 50 to 200 Micmm- (If your condurh'vity is outaide this range Optional treatment equipment is available) 73 *: ,* How You Can Benefit By Using 1 General Electric Jet-Flow Electrode Boilers ( MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE PEAK STEAM DEMAND AN ECONOMICAL AP- AND PRESSURE ON SEALS BACK-UP SYSTEM. PROACM IF YOU ARE IN STANDBY SYSTEMS. CONVERTING FROM FOSSIL PROVIDE STEAM AT FUEL TO ELECTRIC. @ EFFICIENT OFF-SEASON REMOTE LOCATIONS RATHER STEAM SUPPLY. THAN USING LONG STEAM HEAT SUPPLY DURING LINES. PLANT CONSTRUCTION
I ( STANDARD EQUIPMENT INCLUDES:
0 Conductivity Control . Safety Valves Pressure Conhol Bleed Valve Terminal Guards Water level Gauges o Pressure Gauge Control Panel Lagging Feed Water Valve Boiler Recirculating Pump Blow Down Valves e Steam Valve Water Level Control Operating Irutructlons
I OPTIONAL ITEMS: I o Watt-Hour Meter Chemical Feed System Steam Dryer ~~stollatioiSupervision @ Demineralizer Deaerator Feed Water Pump 0 lnrtallation Service Steam Load Control Ladders & Platform Electrical Switchgear FIND OUT HOW EASY IT 15 TO OWN . . A GE JET-FLOW ELECTRODE BOILER. . . \-- JUST COMPLFfE THE FORM BELOW AND MAIL IT TO US - WE'LL DO WE' REST...... - 0 . . INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR THE SELECTION OF YOUR ELECTRODE STEAMBO~LER - .- .. .. ' 1. Maximum output required: - Ibs of steam/hr, F-, Yo Quality, 2. Minimum steam output required: Ibs/hr. 3. For what purpose will the steam be used? 4. Normal operating and lowest steam. pressure: psi% psig. 5. Expected degree of load fluctuations: C 6. Accuracy of load control desired: 7. Variables to be controlled and type of control preferred: (Control only, Indicating or Recording) Pressure . Flow Boiler woter conductivity -i Peak Load . Steam conductivity 8. If operation of boiler will be intermittant, to what degree?
9. Power supply for boiler-voltage, phase, frequency: . 10. Power supply for circulation pump motor: 11. Maximum design pressure of shell and components: 12. What water pressure will be carried on the feed water lines? psig . 13. Is feed water pressure constant or does it vary with steam pressure? -(:. 14. Feedwater temperature to the boiler: 15. Conductivity of inlet feed water: micromhosm at 25 C. (If such conductivity will vary, I what is range expected? 1 16. What internal treatment/chemicals will be added to the boiler during normal operation? ~
-- -- 17. Will the electrode boiler operate in parallel with other boilers to supply steam to the same system?
18. At what site will the boiler be installed? 19. Head room and crane capacity available: f' 20. Other pertinent information (Use additional sheets). \ Your Name Position Company Address
City : . State - Zip Phone (-)-I-
Moil To: Electrode Boilers General Electric Company Industrial Heatihg Business Dept. C Shelbyville, Indiana 46176 (phone 317/398-4411) moved by coolingwater and it is this ener- gy that we'll talk about recovering.. . . 'he coil efficiency of a typical (iron ing) furnace is about 75% so about 25% of the input power is dissipated by the cooling water. Additionally, heat is 'ELECTRODE BOILERS - THE SIM- conducted through the refractory lining PLE ELECTRIC CONVERSION to the coil. These losses are dependent J. E. Thurston upon the furnace size and may be as little Manager, Electrode Boiler Sales as 3% of the input rating to as much as Industrial Heating Business Department . . .The conducted losses are available General Electric Company at all times that metal is in the furnace; the coil losses are available only when High voltage electrode boilers, a prod- power is applied to the coil. uct that is over fifty years old, has sud- All of the waste heat is carried away denly "come of age" as a result of the by water, and generally it is dissipated limited availability of fossil fuels and into the atmosphere by a wet coil air-to- changing energy economics. American water heat exchanger. If a water-to-water industry runs on process steam.. .It or water-to-some other fluid exchanger is now appears that the industrial fossil used, the waste heat could be utilized fuel boiler will be among the first items in some process. It is important to realize converted to other forms of energy. that the heat is available only in the quan- Fortunately, a reliable electric boiler is ing system. . . .In general, any applica- tity resultir~gfrom the m~l~ingoperation. available to' ineet the ~~ezd. zan reqdiring hut water or steam with Therefore, it cannot be used for a high High voltage electrode boilers oper- pressures up to 400 psi and a load of priority or uninterruptible requirement. ate on a very simple principle - elec- 1000 kW or greater is a good candidate The hot air available from a water-to-air trodes are inserted into a body of water for'an electrode boiler installation. exchanger can be used for plant makeup contained within a pressure vessel, an Let us turn our attention to the air, low priority comfort heating, or even alternating current is passed through many advantages of high voltage elec- scrap drying. . . .We are aware that it is the water, raising the water to the trode boilers. . .. . (they) are capable . impossible to recover 100% of this gener- critical temperature and then the water of operating on most secondary distri- ated heat since. losses will be incurred is vaporized into steam. The boiler will bution grid voltages. .. .are virtually through pipe runs, hoses, etc. Also varia- operate on any high voltage power pollution free. . . .have an operating bles such as outside and inside air temp- from 4160 volts ac up to 13,800 volts efficiency of 99%. .. .minimize rnain- erature, ventilation systems, etc., will ac, three phase, wye connection. tenance expenses because there are no affect the heat recovery rate. There are two major types of high boiler tubes, no combustion system, However, we believe that we can safely voltage electrode boilers: (1 ) boilers no. thermocouples, and very few mov- assume that under normal operating con- with suspended electrodes in the steam ing parts. .. .(save considerable) floor ditions with the m~jorityof the piping in- chest located around the periphery of space and real estate . :. stalled in the waste heat recovery area, the boiler shell, passing power through Electrode boiler control systems are 95% of the furnace losses can be recov- a stream of water to a neutral located well suited for combined operation ered. . . .(As an example, an Indiana in the center of the shell, and, (2) boil- with power demand controllers. Most foundry). . .elected to install a water sys- ers with electrodes submerged in the .. .have a response time of less than tem to cool the inductors, au~otransform- water, passing power either to a com- 60 seconds from full load to minimum ers, and cdpacitors of two 30-ton, 1100- mon neutral or three individual neutral or zero load conditions.. . The power kW vertical channel furnaces. With 172 tubes that are electrically intercon- factor for electrode boilers range from kW in losses throughout the furnace and nected. . . In general, high voltage elec- 95% to 100%. The cost of electricity control equipment, and based on a 40 F trode boilers are available in ratings represents approximately 95% of the temperature rise in the water, the system from 1000 kilowatts up to 50,000 kilo- operating costs for electrode boilers. had to be designed to dissipate 1,650,000 watts. The resulting steam production In many cases, electrode boilers will Btuh. This heat in most installations is will be approximately 3400 up to represent a substantial investment sav- just fed and lost in the outside air. (but 170,000 pounds of steam per hour. ings when compared to conventional this foundry uses) this heat to heat the Pressure ratings are available from 10 boiler systems. Assuming an adequate scrap storage and furnace area. psi up to 400 psi. . . power supply is available, the cost of
I Hot water can be produced by pass- a complete boiler system including i-ng steam from the boiler through a switchgear, controls, and water treat- steamlwater heatexchangerlor by pull- ment equipment will range from ap- ing water directly from the pressure proximately $50 per kilowattt for a vessel and circulating the hot water 2000 kW, 150 psi boiler down to $5 through the process or comfort heat- per kilowatt for a 50,000 kW boiler., . 76 EL.ECTRIbIED 1NI)LISTRY. April. 1076 - -- --Eriergy management Steam booster can be alternative to new
small boiler for 100-200-psig steam ' . .
I' ' ,Plants that suddenly require some higher-pressure steam may find that adding electric energy.throu . .
basics here. ,.. , . . .
,asters is nearly atways saturated, al course. , . . : : : : The photo xt right shows an pualmachine connected for operation. For booster cperation, the water-jacket spaces of the compressor are filled with insulation. to prevent carrying heat trom the cylinder; there bre no cooling water connections are needed Lubrication. on the other hand. is just as important as in a compressor; the oller In foreground machines furni-
-. ..
"Lnncwoorl" extrutlers. , ~rnturein a gluing operation steam booatcr is n JOY . fvl?ere random pieces are edge :Ij hinoun t of floor apace coni- WGBDS 50 lip unit thnt boosts I glued together. .I.. . pnred to a boiler. 6,760 lblh of slenln from 160 to : The solution was to install a -It requires no licensed 200 Iblin.21 gauge. A bypass : steam booster to take steam '.?: full-lime opcrnlina cniincer. vnlve control flystell1 bleeds i T~vmthe boiler and compress it THE STEAM BOOSTER enclosure at The Lone Co.. measuring 4 ft 5 in. Inlo. . . -- It ollcll nllows thc usc or Pl'cSsUIT 0vCr20U lblin.*, Puae . to 200. Ib/in.2, thus adding more passagoway, is shown at Iclt. inside is soon the steom booster. ...- lo\rr-l,ressurc cxl~nuststeam bnck into the low-prcssu1.c SYS- j heal for use in the gluing oper- 7 @J tlinl is otlicrwisc wnstctl. , , tcin. :lt:c~l. . . I The steam booster is in- IliRh-prcssure ~tcnniis usctl ' The installntion is conipnct, : Ths glsle production line now stalled in the plant and accord- . . i in srlch i~l~luslricsnu food pro- the machine being instnllcd in ; moves at the rate of 7 to 7.5 -ing to John H. Keisling, plant manager and partner in the -,j, cessin~,chcnlical, rubber, . 0 sllnllow, enclosed nren jut- I !Ynin compared with the pre- r.; laundries, fllrniture, nnd thg out 4 ft 5 in. into I! Pas- f vious speed of 4.5 ftlmin. . company with his father, J. Ii '. plywood. Joy cites two case Ilia- . .sageway that runs next to'the In the past, to keep up with, keisling, the machine has op- 1' Lorias of stram booster q,plicn-.i extruder room (see photos). . other ~roduction,the glue line . erated succe~sfullywith little, , :* Steam booster9 nre nlmost. had worked an extra half shift. if any, maintenance since in- stalled less than a year ago. Ho this la the ease in il~c credits this to patterning it 1 after other euccessful instaila- tions he visited, as well as seeing thnt it wns properly in- stalled to the manufacturer's. Case, the specifications. He feels that steam boosters are especially useful in cold weather, and wherever there is a long run from the boiler to thz plant operation, resulting in significant pressure drops. On occasion, his booster has out. ; performed the manufacturer's specifications, building up the required. pressure from steam : OF only 40 or 60 Iblin.2. The . ' steam booster and avoid theI booster has a water separator
I need'for. a full time engineer'# with L condensate drain in- which some state and loca!, stalled at its inlet.
8 laws require if.a high-pressure . . '. ' : LA;^,,. ;" :"'.+"ll<..l 3.5.1 LAUNDRY HEAT RMX)VERY SYSTEMS
To offset some of the laundry operating costs, Phase I1 will involve
investigation of waste heat energy recovery in the laundry processes.
There may be substantial savings by energy recovery from laundered
drying processes. A'heat recovery air-to-air heat exchanger could be
installed in the processes tumble dryers. An article included here, brought the possibility of heat recovery as a possibility. .;4 1 . + ,;
Case study: savings -. .. -. . z-.-;,-2.._ : . - .... +;?; ; . - .*[ from energy recovery .-
A laundry service added its drying process
Texas Industrial Services, Inc., Ft. supplier to determine the effective- Worth plant, has dropped its con- ness of the heat recovery system. sumption of natural gas for drying Prior to installation of the heat laundry over 1 million cu ft per yr recovery, the boilers had 9,527,712 for an approximate annual savings cu ft average annual usage of natural of $2000 with the .installation of a gas. The dryers used an annual av- air-to-air thermal recovery process. erage of 2,880,288 cu ft for a total of According to W. E. Vanzura, 12,408,000 cu ft annual average manager of the Ft. Worth operation, consumption. "Even though our total consump- Following installation of the heat tion of natural gas has risen from recovery system, the boilers use 12,408,000 cu ft per year to 16,106,056 cu ft annually due to the 1 Counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger. 17,983,104 cu ft; the heat recovery increased work load. Even with the Hot air from the dryer exhaust is passed system still allows us. to conserve increased volume, however, annual through one side of the exchanger. and cold makeup air is passed through the 1,003,104 cu ft per year." The total natural gas usage for the dryers is other side in the opposite direction in use is up due to an approximate 35 down to 1,877,184 cu ft for a total .a counterflow arrangement. percent increase in volume and the boiler and dryer consumption of fact that to accommodate the in- 17,983,200. Thus there is no reduc- sumed by the tumbler. creased load, the plant switched . tion in consumption by the boilers The thermal recovery unit is a back to a five day week from a four and a decrease in dryer consump- counterflow air-to-air heat ex- day week that was originally insti- tion of 1,003,104 cu ft. changer (Fig. 1). It has the outward tuted as an energy conservation The 400 Ib tumbler dryer is used appearance of an ordinary pfate fin measure. to dry shop towels, roll towels', chilled water coiI or steam coil; The plant uses natural gas be- mops, and floor mats in 15 to 30 however, it differs in one major as- cause it is the most economical.and minute cycles. Since the dryer is pect. Rather than each tube being efficient fuel available in this part of used on a production basis, the load connected to another by a return the country. Natural gas is used to must be quickly cooled to comfort- bendoor header, each individuat power two 150 hp boilers that make able unloading conditions. This is tube'is an individual heat pipe. The process steam and two tumble accomplished with a bypass damper heat pipe is operated independently dryers, one of which is used for dry- in the exhaust side of the unit that and acts like a super-conductor of ing fabric washed in water. It is this automatically opens during the cool heat. dryer to which the heat recovery down cycle to prevent energy re- Hot air from the dryer exhaust is system is attached. The dryer is covery during that time. paised through one side of the ex- rated at 3 million Btuh maximum After installing the thermal re- changer, and cold makeup air is input with a 1.8 million Btuh aver- covery unit. the plant reported an passed through the other side in the age. Upon installation, a gas meter average daily gas reduction of 35 opposite direction, in a counter- was borrowed from the local gas percent in the amount of gas con- flow arrangement. Energy from the . -. The plant also realized a theoretical increase in production
Rot air is transferred by the heat pipes to the other side of the ex-. changer, where it is captured by the cold air, thereby warming it (Fig. 2). The heat pipe is a tube fabricated with a capillary wick structure, evacuated. filled with a refrigerant, Recovery unit and permanently sealed (Fig. 3). Thermal energy applied to either end of the pipe causes the refriger- ant at the end to vaporize. The re- . frigerant vapor travels to the other end of the pipe, where thermal en- ergy is removed, causing the vapor to condense into liquid again, thereby giving up the latent heat of conderisation. The condensed liq- uid then flows back to the evapora- tor section (the hot side) to be re- used, thus completing the cycle. 2 System s:hem?ti:. 'L Fve H cek co~itrolperiod fiam April 28 through May 30, 1975 be- fore installation was selected to de- termine the effectiveness of the new system. This period was selected Heat out . Heat m because it approximated the number of working days covered by the average billing period of the gas supplier. ?'his period amounted to 24 work- ingdays due to the fact that the plant did not operate on May 2. After the test period without the thermal re- covery unit, a similar 24 day test ' period was run following the instal- lation. The results of both tests are shown in Table 1. There is a difference in the aver- Liquid age number of loads per day in the two test periods of 5 percent more 3 The heat pipe is a tube fabricated with a capillary wick structure, evacuated. during the period after installation filled with a refrigerant at the end to vaporize. The refrigerant vapor travels of the thelTlal recovery unit- The to the other end of the pipe where thermal energy is removed, causing the vapor increased amount is due to a rise in to condensate into liquid again, thereby giving up latent heat ot condensation. The condensed liquid then flows back to the evaporator section - the hot side - of business at to be reused, thus completing the cycle. the plant. Although 5 percent more loads were processed. the average increase in heat time was only 2 per- cent due to reduced heat time periods before installation and after cation of laundry. necessary on certain types of loads. installation come out almost the Table 2 is a comparison based on . Compensating for the 5.2 percent same with an overall average of 35 individual types of loads and theav- more loads per day run during the percent reduction of gas consump- erage gas consumed before the period after installation of the ther- tion. thermal recovery unit and after, ma1 recovery unit, by either reduc- In addition to an actual increase Shop towel loads are averaged from 'ng the average 6,518.13 cu ft per in production due to increased vol- a minimum of 20 loads. other clas- iay by 5 percent or incieasing the ume of work and increased work sifications from a minimum of 10 10.001.3 cu ft per day by 5 percent, week, the plant also realized a loads. The averages shown in Table the reduction in gas consumption is theoretical increase in production 2 have held consistently within 22 38 percent. capacity resulting from a reduction of these statistics since the installa- Other comparisons using other in time needed to heat each classifi- tion.
Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, November 1976 81 I - - - case study: savings from energy recovery and 70 RH. On a day where the outside air is 90 F and the dryer thermostat is set at 225 F (sensed at the blower
' . ': Table 1 -Comparison of two test'periods before 'and'after installation '"--:" exhaust), when the exhaust air of heat recoverv... eaui~ment ... reaches 225 F, then the intake air . 24 working days before heat recovery 24 working days after heat recovw coming into the dryer (after passing - equipment installation ...... equipment was installed through the heat pipe) will reach 165 Total loads F. With the same setting in the dryer Avera e per day .. To!al !ours heat ...... on a 50 F day, the air intake air only Average per day - . reaches I50 F, but gas consumption is not increased, because the Average per day. . .. makeup air on the 50 F day co-ntains Average Btuh inp; . , .. less moisture; therefore it is able to ...... : :. . -r...... --:, .,;..3..:.: :' .,:: ?.- ..:...... , ...... , - . :.; .... -4 . carry more moisture out of the load. ... - ...... ;'> . '. ::.& ?..<~.:;~.;,~:..:,-.! ..'... :- ...... , .... -...... ".. . a ... 3 .:...... I ;:..-- ...... '.'I.;*. . , ; .. - Consumption would be affected Table 2 - 'Com~arisonbased on individual &es of load and the averaae - . " j much more in extreme cold experi- gas consumed before and after thermal recovery equipment installation: ...... t. enced in more northern climates. . - . . . . , :. '. Before. . :.,,-;::n.-.!;~:;.<= .... :... After . :-, . ,,: ..., ._.. .._.... :...-'!&+,.+-,:..: . .' Before the heat recovery unit was ,...... - , '. Heat time. min. cu.ft per load , Heat time: min. cu ft per load Reduction, %. constructed; the manufacturer's chief engineer came to the plant and
' measured the air flow and tempera- ture in both the exhaust duct and the intake duct of the dryer. The mea- surements determined that of the .- ... .-.... -.;..,'.... ' t ...... ,.. . :.; .. ;'I .'Walk off mats;.:'~ontinuous roll towels ;fzd;iii&&&-~&.,. .1;-i7-i".e21 ;-id volume of air going out the exhaust duct, only 55 percent of the air was cornins in -he in:a!!e duct. The 0th- 45 percent of the exhaust air was leaking into the dryer through the door, the space between the fire box and the basket housing, and the space between the basket housing and the blower housing. Under ideal conditions, to utilize the full potential of the thermal re- covery unit, an equal air flow through the exhaust and intake ducts would be necessary. How- ever, no large laundry dryer now on the market would make this possi- ble. To equalize the railo, door sealing was improved, and a sealing system forthe gap between the basket hous- ing and the blower housing was de- vised. Botb these changes have now been included on all new dryers of this model by the manufacturer. The heat pipe unit itself has no moving parts. Maintenance there- Makeup air flow is tested with a handkerchief. fore consists only of keeping the unit clean. This consists of vacuum- ing the top surface of the exhaust half of the unit at the end of each day to remove the very small particles of There is no significant change in lint that pass through the lint filter gas consumption due to changes in screen. This takes about 5 minutes. There is no significant outside air temperature. Consump- Every two weeks, the unit is rolled change in gas tion is affected much more by out from under the duct and thor- changes in relative humidity in the oughly washed with detergent and consumption due to. outside air, because warm air will water, which is accomplished in 1 changes in outside hold more moisture than cold air. br. air temperatures For example, I cu ft of air at 90 F and 70 percent RH will contain more Ir(/ormanbn and ill~rsrrarionscorrrtesy onhe moisture than 1 cu ft of air at 40 F American Gas Association and Q-Dot.
iglPipinqlAir Conditioning. November 1976 3.5.2 DISIRICT HEATING DEMO~TIONSYSTEM CAPITK OaSTS
Steam Main in.Elevated Enclosure or Tunnel, PRV's $700,000 . .
St. Mary's Hospital Tunnel and Piping . . ' 700,000 Augsburg College Connection, PRV's 100,000 Laundry Steam Boosters - St. .Mary's Hospital 25,000 Laundry Steam ~oosters- University Laundry 35,000 3.6 DISTRICT HEATING - HCn‘ WATER
A 300° F district hot water distribution system wil'l replace an
existing low pressure (15 PSIG) steam distribution system on East Bank
Campus and a 200'PSIG system on West Bank Campus.
The system can be segregated. . into major categories as follows : 1. Hot Water Generation at Southeast Steam Plant. 2. Hot Water Distribution to Buildings.
3. Building System Conversions.
4. Thermal Storage Systems. The primary advantage of hot water heating is the storage capacity
of water (lbs heat per cubic foot) compared to steam at equivalent saturation pressures. Because of the inherent storage capacity, design of hot water systems permit controlled circulation (variable pump drive) and system degeneration that requires less boiler capacity for an equivalent sized district steam system. This fact saves invest- ment costs incapacity, in piping, in energy for pumping, in maintenance and operation, and in fuel costs. Wraction of more heat per cubic foot from water versus equivalent
steam allows system flow rates in distribution to be less. As a result,
piping sizes and pump horsepower is reduced. Pump speed can be controlled with heat load thus reducing pumping energy costs. Since the hot water system does not require pressure reduction stations, condensate. return pumps, and steam traps, additional savings accrue in investment and maintenance costs. Systm pressure loss along the distribution hot water mains are much less than a steam distribution system, and as a result the hot water system can be more effectively controlled and serve an area farther out on a distribution system than steam. Makeup w&er requirements'are practically non-existent thus re- ducing investment and operating casts for feedwater treatment equipment and makeup water costs.
The following tables will provide some further calculated cmpari- sons of steam versus hot water systems. Temp. Diff., AT Plant Discharge Temp.
Return Temperature OF 250 250 . . . 250 250
20 MBTU Service Demand, 1000 lb/hr 1,000 400 200 133 Return Water ~ensity, lb/Gal 7.86 7.86 7.86 7.86 Pump Capacity GPM '2,125 850 425 283
Assumed Pump Head, . ' FT 100 100 100 100
Pump Efficiency % 60 60. 60 60 Distribution Pipe Size, IN 8 6' 4 3.5 TABLE 2 CD~i?ARI~OF hlrUI.YLl1 PIPISG SIZE IGXpIRl3EhlS AND FEAT D-ATIOX - FIT..&!; 1.TXiUS HIGH TEllPERA'NRE WATER DISTRIBLTIO1\'
East Bank Requirererts - 34,000,000 B?U/hr - himimLrm Winter Fate ISest Bank Rquimnts - 46,000,000 BlV/hr - hlaxirrarm Winter Rate 1
Discharge wuirent Steam Hot Water 34,000,000 Steam Hot Water 46,000,000 34,000,000 T, T, 46,000,000 T, T9
*rating h-essure PSIA 174 . . 25 67 174 25 67
Discharge Tmperature OF 370 240 (mV) 300 (HIQI) 370 240 (m) 300 (HIGH) 1
Return Tenperature OF 180 160 160 180 160 160
Enthalpy B Discharge, h BN/lb 1,196 208 270 1,196 208 270
Enthalpy 6 Condensate, h BTV/lb 148 128 128 .. : 148' 128 128
Piav Rate lb/hr 39,859 423,000 239,436.62 53,927.32 575,000.00 323,W3.66
Density of Fluid lb/ft3 0.38 59.10 57.31 0.38 59.10 57.31
\'aim Design Velocity
Muired hssSection Sq. fi. . 1.17, 0.33 0.19 1.13 0.34 0.20 Pipe Size (Sch. 80) Inches (Dia. ) 18 (16.126 ID) 10 (9.564 ID) 8 (7.625 ID) *24 (21.56 ID) *12 (10.75 ID) 8 (7.625 ID) 3 Pipe Voll;me/5000,.ft 7,091.00 2,493.00 1,585.50 ' 11,950.00 3,151.00 ft3 1,585.50
Available Heat ~TUlft~ 324.14 4,728 8,138.02 324.14 4,728.00 8,138.02 &at ~rcrage/j000ft3 pn; (lo6; 2.30 11.80 12.90 3.87 14.90 12.90
Time Required to Absorb Stored Heat Minutes 5.65 20.76 '22.78 5.05 19.45 16.83
*Z",24" allov?s for pressure drop Flow Rate = 3,600 x Density
Volume Required Section = Velocity
Pipe Volume = Length x Tr2
Available Heat = Density x Ah
Heat Storage = Available Heat x Pipe Volume
Heat Storage Time Required = Available Heat x Volume x 3,600 HOT WATER DISTRIBZPTION SYSTEMS
-Steam Hot Water Them1 Transmission 3 to.5% greater - Snaller Effects (Insulation) pipe Feedwater Syst.em. Condensate Flashing, No Flashing, No Traps Trap Leakage
Blowdown Losses of up to 1% All water is recirculated unless returned to process
Boiler Firing and Elevated Stack Temp. Peaking minimized by heat
Control Uneven firjng becase ' storage. Better System of peaking and pres- Control because of reduced sure drops pressure losses. Punping Costs, Larger, constant Variable and less volume
Piping Larger, pipe and Smaller pipes, no scale, water treatment closed system . .
Operat ion Savings in operation' costs by degeneration during off peaks
Maintenance Leaking- traps, etc. Less required no traps, etc.
Investment DISTRIBUTION PIPING
The hot water distribution system insulated piping will be installed in existing shallow and deep tunnel systems.on East Bank and West Bank. The hot water distribution system will replace an existing 15 PSIG steam distribution system on a portion of East Bank and a 200 PSIG
steam distribution system on West Bank. Hot water discharge from South- east Steam Plant into the distribution system will vary from 300° F
.maximum to 240° F minimum. Return condensate will be maintained at 160° F. Since the hot water piping will be installed in existing tunnel systems containing steam mains there will'not be any added environmental effects. Hot &er distribution and return piping will be run in the ele- vated multipurpose enclosure from Southeast Steam Plant to East Bank Campus and across the Burlington Northern Railroad bridge fmthe elevated multipurpose enclosure to West Bank Campus. An alternate route across the bi-level Washington Avenue bridge Auld also be used if the economics justify such an installation. The following pages provide diagrams about the distribution system
and calculations for pumping requirements and pipe sizes. Variable speed drives will be discussed in Section 3.18.
3.6.2 IIOT WATER DI~IBUTIONLOOP
The University of Minnesota's steam distribution system (steam
and condensate lines) is in concrete-lined tunnels that are built in
the St. Peter Sandstone. This relatively dry sand strata helps mini-
mize the line losses in the system. The heat loss from,the insulated
steam and condensate pipes. in the tunnels to the 50° F strata tempera-
ture is slow because of the insulating value of the dry sand. Though the line losses are low, they could be further reduced by a lower
them1 distribution temperature. Our basic distribution system is saturated steam at 200 PSIG with a corresponding temperature of 388O F.
The present AT is 388O F - 50° F or 338O F. For hot water on maximurn
load and a temperature of 300° F, the AT is 300° F - 50° F or 250° F. The theoretical savings in line loses for equal insulation is 85 + 335
or 25 percent. ' During light loads when the hot water loop is degraded
to 240° F, the AT for hot water drops to 190° F, with a,corresponding savings in line loss of 145 + 335 or 43 percent. The normal concern on hot water distribution is a misguided quote
stating that pumping costs are too high. In our modest-sized hot water
loop, we anticipate an energy.10~~(pumping energy) of less than one
percent. This will more than be offset by an improvement in our line
loss that presently is between 10 and 15 percent. An'average improve- i ment of 30 to 40 percent could mean a drop in line losses of 3 to 6
percent.
Hot water greatly benefits cogeneration by obtaining a lower
qualitythennalbase for the turbine-generator unit and thereby pro-
vides more energy outputs per unit of heat delivered to the process. The hot water loop proposed in the ICES involves picking up all of the University of Minnesota wekt Bank buildings and selected buildings on the East Bank presently on 'the steam distribution system having internal hot water distribution. The University of Minnesota has a long-range plan of converting all steam heated buildings to hot water. The steam heated buildings will be added at a later date.
The thermal load for the proposed loop will come from existing buildings, or buildings under construction, that are heated by hot water and air conditioned by low pressure steam adsorption units. The existing steam to hot water convertors in the buildings will be modified to water convertors. The low pressure steam adsorption'chillers will be converted to hot water adsorption chillers--buildings will be retrofitted and will 6 create a maximum heating demand of 84,000 x 10 BTU/hr--chillers with a maximum capacity of 4,465 tons of refrigeration will be retrofitted , with a corresponding maximum theml load of 84,835 lb/hr steam. HWl' WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CALCULATIONS
The horsepower loadings are presented for variable speed drive
and maxim and minimum them1 loads. At 300° F the minimum allow-
able system pressure is 80 PSIG to prevent flashing. Calculations will be shoy for horsepower required to overcome piping loss. SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY STEAM PLANT HEATING PLANT - -- 2800 FT ) TO EAST BANK SECTOR 8"LINE
132.7 H.P. MAX. 24.8 H.P MIN. AVE H.P 53.95 H.f!
------) DISCHARGE 80 PSlG 4- - RETURN AT WEST BANK SECTOR
building scale GRID-ICES bv sheet SIMPLIFIED HOT WATER AEA N.S. DISTRIBUTION ONE LINE checked date revised drawing DIAGRAM J.0. 32247 4-24-77 38 PEAK HOT WATER SERVICE DEMAND (NO DEGENERATION)
Q = WAT
W = 600,000 pph water rate
3,000 ft - 10 inch pipe - Pressure loss:
= 30 x .322 = 9.66 PSIG "~1
3,000 ft - 8 inch pipe - Pressure loss:
615 GPM - APlm = .271
Total drop = 9.66 + 8.13 = 17.79 PSIG = 4Q.9 ft
= 40.9 x 2 = 81.8 ft @TOTAL
Pipe Loss Hp = lo'33,000 81. = 24.8 Horsepower PEAK HOT' WATER SERVICE DEMAND (WITH DM;ENEiUTION)
Q = WAT
000 ft pipe- 10" pipe @ 2,151 WJ!
= S3 x 1.038 = 31-14PSIG hP~l
3,000 ft pipe - 8" pipe @ 1,076 @A!:
hP = . 30 x .775 = 23.25 PSIG T2
54.39 x 2 108.78 PSIG 250.2 ft @TOTAL = = -
'I7) 500 250' = 132.7 Horsepower Pipe Loss Hp = 33,000 MINIMUM W\V (DEGENERATED)
Q = WAT
W = 218,750 pph
3,000 ft - 10 inch pipe @ 448.2 GPM:
ZO i "5 = x .052 = .56 PSIG 3,000 ft - 8 inch pipe @ 224.1 814:
AP = 30 x .043 = 1.29 PSIG T2
APT - . 1.56+1.29 = 2.85PSIG
= 2.85 x 2 = 5.70 PSIG 13.11 ft @'TOTAL - -
Pipe Uss HP = 31645'8 13.11 = 1.45 Horsepower 33,000
A portion of the buildings located on East Bank Campus and West Bank Campus will be switched from steam distribution to hot water dis- tribution. These buildings are owned and operated by the University and all are presently. heated internally with hot water system. Heat exchangers convert the service steam to hot water at each building. Some buildings also have steam adsorption air conditioning with mini- mum operating pressure of 12 PSIG. This pressure set the allowable loop degradation temperature at 240° F. Contained in this section are building service requirements and hot water district service demands. Each building or building total is noted upon each profile; These profiles were used'to determine the turbine-generator performance values of CASE 1 'through 4 presented later in this section for hot water heating at Southeast Steam Plant. Scheme I and Scheme I1 present existing configurations and methods of retrofitting building systems from steam distribution to hot water distribution. Scheme I involves replacement of the existing heat exchanger with new pumps, piping and controls. Scheme I1 involves reuse of the existing heat exchangers. Both schemes will be used for retrofitting dependent upon existing building systems. Steam adsorption air conditioners will also have to be retro- .fitted. A listing of the tonnage and building is provided along with existing design conditions of several of the buildings.
SCHEME I SCWME a
CMANCES IN BU\LD\NC CUA.NC.ES IN BU\LD\NG, NEW WMP MA\- LOOP CONTROL6 MAIN LOOP CQNT-L I- VALVr PEU ZONE PRE55UaE RELIEF VALVE RFUT\L\ZE '4Eb.T Pl?lNC ' KXWW~USAND ZONE VUM? 1-VLLYS (lKZ LONE
I
ZONE 1, I ZOIUEX, ... Jc.
. -. - T; -. -
I A
L - HOT WATER -.-. IW4?- CONDENDA.TE~ -*LO'F - %&o-F . , %HEMS I - D\UECT RAQ\~\W-w URTC* SCHEME 3s - DIRECT RAmIATION- HQT WATER MULT\(.LE ZONE ,+ ZONE I ZONE x. ZONS n...*. ------1 i------WkTLI 4 1------I I . I I I I 1 I
3TCA.M COND-C 5ibW CONDM\&TC SKhH COU-11re; HOT WCITSU ..;+ .-.- 100 P6\G W\NN\?AUM DIRECT UAD\kTVSN- EX\ST\NG. %TEA= TO W YIAT6.R .
GR\D \CES HOT .WATER. D\STII\CT HEATING MISTING BUILDING EQUIPMENT PARMEIXW
#006 - lulling Hall
2 - B & G Converters
64 gpm, 190° - 210° F 2 - Circulating Pumps 58 w Each Converter is rated 637,440 BTU/hr
#019 - Institute---- of Child --Development 1 - B & G Converts 61 gpm, 160° - 200° F
2 - Circulating Pmps
1 '- .Radiation - 23 gpm
1 -Reheat -38gpm
Converter is rated for 1,215,120 m/hr
#020 - Elliott Hall
3 - B & G Converters 1 - Heat - 105 gprn, 170° - 190° F, 1,045,800 BIUjhr 1 - Reheat - 177 gpn, 160° - 200° F, 3-,525,840 BN/hr . . 1 - Both - 150 gpm, 170° - 200° F, 2,241,000 Bnr/hr
2 - Circulating Pmps
1 - Heat - 100 gpm
1 - Reheat - 230 gpm TABU 4 (CONTINUED)
#028 - Sanford Hall
2 - B & G Converters
346.3 GPM; 180° - 200O F; 3,449,148 BRl/hr each
2 - Circulating Pumps
348 gpm each
#036 - Norris Gymnasium
5 - B & G Converters
37 gpm, 180° - 200° F; 368,520 m/hr each
#037 - Appleby Hall
3 - B & G Converters
1 - South lane; 108 gpm, 190° - 210° F; 1,075,680 BN/hr . 1 - North & West Zones; 154 gp, 190° - 210° F; 1,533,840 BIU/hr
1 - East Zone, 148 gpm, 190' - 210° ; 1,474,080 EllJ/hr
3 - Circulating Pumps
1 - 44 gpm, South Zone . . 1 - 89 gpm, North and West Zone 1 - 61 gpm, East Zone
#I16 - Science ciassroom 3 - B &'G Converters
1 - East Zone; 110 gpm; 190° - loo0 k; 547,800 BN/hr 1 - West Zone; 110 gp; 190° - 200° F; 547,800 ~~/hrl 1 - Wild; 550 gpm; 190° - 200° F; 2,739,000 Whr 3 - Circulating Pumps
1-Mgpm, ~ast~one
1 - 84 gpm, West Zone
1 - 480 gpm, Wild 103 TABLI 4 (rnrnINUED)
#122 - Kolthoff. Hall. 2,- B & GConverters d 1 - Heat - 17.7 gpn; 180° - 200° F; 1,762,920 Bm/hr 1 - Reheat - 327 gpn, 180° - 200' F; '3,256,920 EWU/hr
2 - Circulating Pwrrps
1 - Reheat - 327 gpm DEMONSTRATION COMMUNITY STEAM LOAD DURATION CURVE FOR YEARS 1976 - 1979 *t*~~~*tA~x~~*t~***t****t**$*t****t***~t****t****t****+* 3 55000Ob.t t ' 540000 1 .t t :. 530000 + -t.* -P > 520000 t > 510000*+** + > 500000*++* t 3 490000++*+ i > 480000*+/* 3. 3 470000*+/** 9 > 460000*+//t 4- 3 450000*+//** -#' h 3 440000*+//** t P > 430000*t//X*L + S > 420000*+///** + 3 410000*+///*~* f S > 400000*+////*6 + T > 390000 *+/I///,L% + E > 380000*+/////+56 . + A :> 370000 +////// * + M > 360000*+////.//*** + > Z50~00+////I,'// ** * P $ 340000~9////////X** t E 3 330000++/////////X** + K > 320000*+//////////*& 9 > 310000*+///////////,,L1 + H .> 300000 + +////////////* *$ t R > 290000*+/////////////X+*** * 3 280000.+///////////////***** -F > 2700OO*t////////////////**t?)(dibc .+ > 26OOOO+t//////////////////*~*~tt i- :2 250000+t///////////////////~*+**%%*t + > 240000*+////////////////////* **t**dXSdL t > 230000b9/////////////////////X.******L**** .+ 3 220000*+////////////////////////************ + > 210000*$///////////////////////////*********** + :> 200000*+//////////////////////////////,,********* + > 190000 t//////////////'////////////',)/////X, t ***li- > 180000~+/////////////////////////////////////X*~~**.** 9- > 170000*+///////////////////////////////////////// + > 1600OO~+///////////////////////'/////////////////////X + > i~oooo+t////j////~////////////////////,'////////////////~~~*t :> :> 140000++/////////////////////////////////1'////////////////*+
.:a .:a 130000*+////////////////////////////////////////////////f//t > 120000*+///////////////////////////////////////////////////+ .:* .:* 110000*+/////////////////////////////////.'/////////////////t > 100000*+////////;//////////////////////////////////////////+ *+~**,*t****t**I*t*%**t~***t*L**t*t**t****t****+****t* t t t t t + 0 20 40 60 80 100, PERCENT OCCURRENCE
. \ SYMBOL DEFINITION
t 1979 ADDITIONAL STEAM LOAD TO 1978 STEAH LOAD 0 1978 AIIDITIONAL STEAM LOAD TO 1977 STEAH LOAD X 1977 ADDITIONAL STEAM LOAD TO 1976 STEAt4 LOAD / 1976 STEAM LORD. 105 - STOP ------SYMEOL- DEFINITION
r(c 1976 CUMPIUNITY STEAM REQUIREMENTS
I 9.: Q DEnONSTRATION COIlflUNITY STEAH LOAD DURATION CURVE FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1976 > ,. 3 *t****t****t****t****t****t**~*t**t*t****t****t****t* 4 0 .> 500000. t t j > 490000.t t > 480000,+* t > 470000.t1 t > 460000.t** .t / 450ooo,t** t > 440000.t** t > 430ooo.t** t 1, .> 420000.+*** t I 0, > 410000.t.** t I L > 400000.t.*** t B > 390000,t,.$** t 0 ' S > 300000, t. .*** t, > 370000,t.. .$** t S > 360000+t...*** t 0 T > 350COO.+...X$St* t ,' E > 340000.+..,.$$*t t n > 33oooo.t.....**** t 8 n > 32oooo.t....,.**** t > 310000.t...... **$** t P > 300000.t.*~*...**$$* t 0 E > 290000.+..*,...,S**$$ t R > 280000.t.,...,,,..$**** t / . > 27OOOO.t..,...... ***** t H > 260000.+...... ****** t R > 2500,00*t*o,...,...... **ff** t I O > 240000.t...... *...*.,****** t > 230000.+..*...... ***** t 1 > 220000.t....,....,...... ,StS****** t > 210000.t...... ,.,....,,,,,...***t.*** t i 0 > 200000.+...... ,.....*.,******** t w . > 190000~t~~.~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~***********t. 0 4 i > 1E0000.t...... *....,,,,....,*******~***** t > 1700OO.+....,.....o~~,.~,.~t~~.X*************** t > 160000.t...+..,....e~,,,,,,.,,.,s~.X**************** t I > 150000.+**.....~.~*...*~,,~,o,,.~~o~*at*&~t' > 140000~t.~~~~~~.~o~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**************t 1 > ~~OOOO.~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O~~~~~~~~~**~******+ ! > 120000.t...... *...... ,**...,,,..,,,....*...... *****t I I > 110000.t..*..**...... o*.*.o....,~,,...... *..*.*...... *..*t > 1000oo.t...... ,.*..,,,,.,*,,,,,*,*.,...... ,..,..*..~.t i > 90000.t..*...... *..*,,*.,.,.,,*...... *....,...... ,t > e0000.t.t...... *..*..****.....*.....*.*...... *.*.....t 1 '. > 70000*t.~..**..*.....*.,,.,~,~,.,,~.,***....;*...... *,..*..t *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* .i 0t 20.t t t t t 40. 60 1 80. 100, ! PERCENT OCCURRENCE /- . . I 0o I iI rlEnONSTXATION COnf?UNITY STEAH REOUIREnENTS FOR !976 (EXCLUDING HOT. ljATER SECTOR) . .a *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* 'O > 4!30000..t +. > 440000.t t > 430000.t t 6 > 420000, t t. > 410000.+* t > 400000,+* t 390000.t44 t ; 0 > > 380000.t44 t > 370000.t444 t 0 > 36000O.+X*t t L > 3;0000.+*** t P > 340000.+**** t 0 ; S > 330000.+***** t > 320000.+**4444 t S > 310OOO.t*4444* t T > 300000.+******* t E >. 290000.t******** .t 1" A 2BO90O.+$~~YX*~~Xt > t. n r ~~oooo..+*********** t > 26000O.t*S~b~*f~t~tS t P > 250000.+$************ t I E > 240000.i~****l**l******* t R > 230000.+1*************** t > 220000.+****************** t 1 H > 21000O.+****X*~*~*S~~Xt*8*~~ t 1 ' R > 20000o.t****ttr**t*tt*rttr**** t J > 190000.+***v**********v******** t s > 180000*t**S~S1*~~***~***V**~**** t 1 > 170000.t************************* t I' > 160000.+*6444**SS1S44t1444*1t$44t*4 t p 10 > 150000.+****************************** t > 140000.+*************~***t*~*~***t**t*a**** t. 8 1 > 130000.+****************************************** t . ,j 0 > 120000.t********************t************** t > 110000.+************************************************** t 1 > 100000.+***************************************************t ~OOOO.~*************X**X*******************************~**~ 0 > 80000.+**************************t************************t i > 70000.+***************************************************+ *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****i~****t****t****t*
t t t t t t '
0 20. 40 60. , 80 100. PERCENT OCCURRENCE
SYMBOL DEFINITION
t 1976 COMMUNITY STEAM REQUIREMENTS 1 - . - - ...... KEY SECTOR SERVICE DEBFINDS ANLi LOAD DURATION FOR THE FOLI.OUING BUILDINGS:
PATTEE HALL WULLPNG HA1.L RURTON HALL CHILD DEVELC?(NEU) CHILD DEVELOP(0LD) ELLIOTT HALL SHEVLIN HALL SANFORD HOLL NORRIS GYfi NORRIS FIELbHOUSE SCOTT HALL SCIENCE CLASSROOM KOLTHOFF HALL BUSINESS ADUIN* SOCIAL SCIENCE BLEGEN WILSON LIBRARY ANDERSON HALL AUD. CLASSROOM MIDDLEAROOK HALL RARIG CENTER ART BUILDING
MONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA STEAM LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** ~t*~**t****t**~*t****t****t****t****t****t*R**t****t* 41500. t J A t 1 > 98.75t t * J A * 0 > 57.50t***** t *J JJA * 0 > 56.25+********* t SJ JJA 1: 0 > 55*00+********* t tJ JJA * S > 53.75+********* ' t 33200 t J JJA Dt > 52.50t************** t SJ JJA D * 0 > 51.25t****************** t *J JJA D * F > 5O.OOt**************r?*** t *J J J' A D * > 40.75+*4*********4****** C tJ F JJA N DS L > 47*5Gt****************** t 24900etJ F JJAS N Dt B > 46.25t******$************$** t SJ F JJAS N DS S > 45.00t****************t******* t *J F n JJAS N DS / > 43.75t**********~********&** + *J F n JJAS N D* H > 4?*50t********************** t *J F M MJJASOND* R > 41.25+*****************$**** t 16600.tJ F H MJJASOND~ > 40.00t********************~* t SJ F ti UJJASOND* > 38.7PL*X***********1:t***4$** t SJ F ti HJJfiSONDS > 37,5@+**t*********S************* t *JFHAHJJASOND* > 36e25+**$**4**S***4**44************* t SJFMAHJJASONDS > 35rOO+**************************t*** t 0300+tJ F M A H J J A S 0 N Dt > 33.75t***X**************44************** t *JFHAHJJASOND* > 32.50+********************************** t *JFMAMJJASOND* > 31*25t**********tt********************** C tJFMAMJJASOND* > 30.OOi.****tf********************************* t *JFHAMJJASOND* > 28~75tS***$t***t**$*t****t**S*****t***t****** + O~JF. H n n J J A s o N nt > 27.50t*************************************** t **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** > 26*25tt******$***********t4****************** t tttttttttttt > 25.00t*****4************************************* t JBN FEB HAR APR M6Y JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 30 DAY ADJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 > 21.25t*********************************************** t > 20.00t*********************************************** t TABULAR DATA OF ENERGY RERUIREMENTS > 18.75t*********************************************** t MONTH STEAM LOADtLBS) > 17.SC~***************Jt******t************* t > 16*25t**S********************t***************************t JAN *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* FEB t t t t t t MAR 0 20e 40. 60. 00. , 100. APR PERCENT OCCURRENCE MAY JUN JUL AUG CONVERSION FACTORS1 SEP 1976 24~3271000. OCT 1976 18~876rOOOe THOUSANDS OF LBB STEAH X 1.048 1 MILLIONS OF 8TU8Bo NOV 1976 26~764~000~ . THOUSANDS OF LB9 STEAM X 7.396 1 1000'S OF LB9 300 F WATER DEC 1976 33~3141000. THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAH X ,965 1 1000°S OF OAL8 300'~ WATER r q DA?B OF amma ALP^ - n/w/24 m(3:DmwD DISIRIc!rJ?JrWAlWSDCI(3R-~ImEASPANDwFsrBANKCAMRBEg AM) ESTIUAllD SEM BASe DATA . . .:. . .1 KEY SECTOR SERVICE DEflANDS- AND LOAD DURATION FOR THE FOLLOWINO EUILDINGS: L PATTEE HALL WULLINO HALL aURTON HALL CHILD DEVELOP(NEW) CHILD DEVELOPfOLD) ELLIOTT HALL SHEVLIN HALL SANFORLI HALL . NORRIS GYfl NORRIS FIELDIIOUSE SCOTT HALL SCIENCE %LASSROOM KOLTHOFF HALL ' DUSINESS ADflIN. SOCIAL SCIENCE RLEGEN WILSON LIBRARY ANDERSON HnLL AUD. CLASSROOM MIDLlLERROOK HALL RARIG CENTER ART BUILDING
MONTHLY ENEROY USE DATA ENERGY LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t~**t***t*~~t***t*~*t**~t**at***t** *t**$*t*$**t*$**t****t****t****t****t****t$***t****t* 43500. t J A -t M > 61.25t t . * J A * I > 60.00+***4* t *J JJA t L > 58.75+4*44*4*4* t IJ JJA t L > 57.50t*$$34***$ t tJ JJA * I > 56*25t*$$X*t*$* t 34800. t J JJA Dt 0 >.55.00t***********$** t SJ JJA D * N > 53.75t****************** t tJ JJA D $ S > 52.50t*****S*l********** t LJ JJA D ): > 51.25!****************** t tJ F JJA N DS 0 > 5O,OOt**********t$****** t 26100.t J F JJAS N Dt F > 48.75t**$X***X***Yt*XXY* t tJ F JJAS .NDS > 47*50t***************Y****** t *J F H JJAS N DS B > 46.25t*******$****t**t****** t tJ F M JJAS N DS ' T > 45.00+********************** t tJ F M M J J A s 0 N.D* U > 43.75+********************** t 17400.tJ F M MJJASONDt S > 42.50+4*14$**4444*44******4* t *J F n MJJASOND* / > 41.25+********$************* t SJ F M MJJASONDS H > 40.00t**$*********$********? t *JFtlAMJJASONDt R > 38.75t$X**t**~SS*$$***$**~******X*** t *JFMAMJJASOND* > 37.50$**44t44444XI*4**44*****4****4* t 8700.tJ F ti A M J J A S 0 N Dt > 36.25t******$Y***$**4************4** t LJFMAMJJASOND* > 35.00t**************************$******* t *J F M A n J.J A s o N D* > 33.75t********************************** t *JFMAMJJASOND* > 32.50t********************************** t *JFMAMJJASOND* > 31.25+*****************************$********* + OtJFnAMJJAsoNDt > 30.00+*$**************$******************$*$* t **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** - > 28.75'.***444*t$******X*X$**$**Y$4$*4*4*****$4 t tttttttttttt > 27.50t*****Y*********Y*********************** t JAN FEE MAR APR HhY JUN JUL AUO SEP OCT NOV DEC > 26.25tS*44**4tSt4S*t44*$4X4*4*t*t*4**$*t44******* t 30 DAY ADJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 > 25.00+*8*************8******************************* t > ...... t > 22.50t***************U**********$******************** t TABULAR DATh OF ENERGY REaUIREMENTS > 21.25t***************$****1************************** t MONTH THOUSANDS OF BTU'S > 20.00t*****************************************z***** t JAN 1976 FEB 1976 *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* MAR 1976 t t t t t t APR 1976 0 200 40 60. 80; 100, MAY 1976 PERCENT OCCURRENCE JUN 1976 JUL 1976 AUG 1976 SEP 1976 CONVERSION FACTORSI OCT 1976 NOV 1976 28~048~672~ THOUSAND8 OF LBS STEAM X lr048 w MILLIONS OF BTU'S DEC 1976 34r9139072r THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 7r396 I 1000'9 OF LBS 300'~ WATER I i THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X ,965 1000'5 OF OALS 30@~UATER 0 KEY SECTOii SEfiVICE DEMANDS AND LOAD DUI FATTEE HALL WULLINO HALL BURTON HALL CHILD DEVELOP(NEW) CHILD DEVELOP(0LD) ELLIOTT HALL. SHEVLIN HALL . SANFORD HALL " NORRIS GYM NORKIS FIELDtiOUSE SCOTT HALL SCIENCE CLASSROOU KOLTHUFF HALL RUSINESS ADMIN, SOCIAL SCIENCE PLEGEN WILSON LIBRARY ANDERSON WALL AUD. CLASSROOM MIDDLEBROOK HALL RAfiIG CENTER ART PUILDINO MONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA 300'~ WATER LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* 40250, t J A t 1 > 56.00t t * J A * 0 > 55.00t********* 4. *J JJA * 0 > 54.00t:::******** t tJ JJA X 0 > 53.00t********* t JJA S > 52*00t********* t JJA > 51.00t************** t *J JJA D a 0 > 50.00t****************** t IJ JJA D * F > 49.00t****************** t SJ JJA D $ > 48.00.tl******S**SS*SS*** t SJ F JJA N D* O > 47.00t****************** t 24150st J F JJAS N Dt A > 46 .OOt***.*$$$$SfXX~.**~~* t tJ F J J A .S . N D* L > 45.00t****************** t SJ F U JJAS N DS S > 44,00t***$****************** t *J F n .IJAS N US / > 43.0otr********************* t *J F n MJJASOND* H > 42,00t********************** t 16100.tJ F M UJJASONDt R > 41.00t********************** t SJ F M ~JJASONDS > 40.00t********************** t. *J F n n J JAS O.ND* > 39*00++********************* t SJFHAMJJASOND* > 38,00i~**$**t*$********S*XSSS t > 37.00t********************** t > 36.00t***S****t*t*************** ' t > 35.00tf***************************** t ~JFMAMJJASOND* > 34.00+****************************** .t *J F n A n J JA s o-N D* > 33*00t******************4*********** t SJFMAMJJASOND* > 32.00t*****b**t************************* t O~JFMAMJJASOND~ > 31.00t***************~****************** t **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** > 3O,OOt********************************** t tttttt.+ttttt > 29.0O+*******************t******************* f JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL hUO SEF OCT NOV DEC ' > 28.00.t*S*X****tSSS*t**************~*t******** t 30 DAY ADJUSTED HONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 > 27.00t*************************************** t > 26.00t***S$*****t***t***********f************ t TABULhR DATA OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS MONTH OALS 300 F WATER - JAN 1976 361392~080. FED 1976 261274.055. MAR 1976 21,0701775. APR 1976 111679,395. M~Y1976 171313~065. > 17.00t**************t***************************$**** t JUN 1976 37104812801 > 16,00t***********8******************Y********************t JUL 1976 4010001215, S**tS*t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t*~**t****t* AUO 1976 39~619,040, t t t t t t SEP 1976 23~475~555, 0 20. 40. 60 9 801 1001 OCT 1976 18r215~340. PERCENT OCCURRENCE NOV 1976 251827~260. DEC 1976 32r148,OlOe r - I SEaVICZ DEX(kW CONVERSION FACTORBI DIBlRICT lar WAm SWR- m5INED EAST AM) W BAElR i THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 1,048 - HILLIONS OF 'BTU'S~ Oj THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 7,396 P 1000'6 OF LBS 300 F WATER AT 24(P F THOUSANDR OF LBS STEAM X ,969 1 1000'9 OF OALS 300* WATER - A I . . .. KEY SECTOR SERVICE 1lEtfAtfL1S ONIl LOAD [IURATIUN FOli TtiE FULLOWIEIG BUILDINGS: - . ..-:? ..; PATTEE HALL WULLiNG HALL FURTOEl HALL CHILD DEVELOP(NEW) CHILD DEVELOP(0LD) ELLIOTT HALL SHEVLIN HALL SANFORD HALL NORRIS GYM NORRIS FIELOHOUSE SCOTT HALL SCIENCE CLASSROOM KOLTHOFF HALL BUSINESS ACsM IN. SOCIAL SCIENCE PLEGES UILSON LIRRARY ANDERSON HALL AUD. CLASSROOM MIDIILEHROOK HALL KARIG CENTER ART HUIL.DINO . . MONTIILY ENERGY USE DATA 300~~UATER LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** *t****t****t*t**t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* 306750. t J A t 1 >426.25t t J A 0 >410.50+********* t JJA 0 >41O075t*****$*tl t JJA 0 >403.00t********* t JJA S >395,25+$*****$** t JJA >387.50t*$***$**t**tIt t JJA 0 >379.75t****************** t 0 IJ JJA D lc F >372.00t****************** t '9 F SJ JJA D t >364.?St**X******S******S* t rCJ F JJA N D* L >356,50t*****************t t L1840SO.tJ F JJAS N Dt B >34a,75t**t***~***~*iIt*t*.- t a B *J F JJAS' ND* S >341.0ot********************** t S *J F M JJAS N DS / >333.25t*********t************ t *.I F n J J'A S N D* H >325.50t***************t****** t 8 3 1J F ti MJJASOND* R >317.75+********************** t 0122700.tJ F M MJJASONDt >310.03t********************** t 0 *J F M MJJASONDS >302.25t************t********* t .o SJ F M MJJASOND* >294.50t********************** t F SJFMAMJJASOND* >286.75+******$**$************ t *JFMAMJJASOND* >279,0ot*t***~*****tt~***a~*******t** t ,o Y61350.tJ F M A M J J A S 0 N Dt >271.25t****************************** t A ' SJFMAMJJASONDf >263,50+*S*****t**t*t**tt*t*********** t T *JFHAMJJASONDf >255.75t****t************************* t d E tJFMAMJJASOND* >240.00t**l******ltf********************** t R *JFMAMJJASOND* >240.25t**t******************************* t O~JF~A~JJASOND~>232.50+********************************** t 0 **t**ft***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** >224.73t********************************** t t-' t-' fI tttttttttttt >217.00t*************************************** t i-' to JAN FEF MfiR hPR MAY JUN JUL hUO SEP OCT NOV DEC >209.25+********************~****************** t 30 DAY hDJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 Q >201.5Ot**S************************************ 4 j4 >193.73t*S***************t**********************#** t >186.00t*S***t*****tf**********t***t******t******** t TABULAR DATA OF ENERGY REOUIREMENTS >176.25+****~***St**t******************** t HONTH LBS 300 F WATER >170.50t*********************************************** t >162r75t*SS*t***********~t*********t****$t t JAN 1976 278r917~952, >155.00t**f******************************************** t FEB 1976 201,370~092. >147.25t***********f***t***************************** t HAR 1976 161~491~660. 'APR 1976 891513~708. MAY 1976 132~691~636. JUN 1976 2031947~232. JUL 1976 3061571~596. - I AUG 1976 303~650~176. o 20. 40.. . 60 . 60; loo; SEP 1976 179~922~492. . PERCENT OCCURRENCE OCT 1976 139r606~096r .. . 0 / NOV 1976 197~946~5441 DEC 1976 246r390~344. I CONVE~S~ONFACTORS t 0 I THOUSPYDS OF LB9 STEAM X 1.046 r MILLIONS OF BTU'S THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 7.396 - 1000'9 OF LBO 300' WATER THOUSANDS OF LB9 STEAM X ,965 - 1000'6 OF PAI.8 SoA WATER ! DA'IZ aP,OOURIIW m - n/03/24 cJ KEY SEC'IUli SERVICE UtHAP;L1S ON11 LUAD IIUh'k'l'ION FOR 'I'tiE FOLLOWING DUILDlNtiS: .. . , FATTEE HALL WULLINO HALL BURTON HALL CHILD DEVELOF(NEW) CHILD DEVELOP(0LD) ELLIOTT HALL ' SHEVLIN HALL SANFORD HALL NORRIS GYM NORRIS F1ELD':OUSE SCOTT HALL SCIENCE CLASSRDOM KOLTHOFF HALL 4 MONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA 300'~ WATER LOhD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* 1 14500,t J t 1 > 20.00+ t 0 *J 0 * 0 *J A D * 0 *J I J A D * 9 *J J A D * 11600.t J JJA N Dt 0 SJ F JJA N D* F SJ F JJA N D* tJ F M JJA N D* 0 tJ F ti JJA 0 N DS A 8700.t~ F n J J A S 0 N..Dt L *J F n JJASOND* S SJ F ,M JJASOND* 8J F M JJASONDS 3 *J F n JJASOND* o se0o.t~ F n A n J J A s o N D+ 0 SJFUAMJJASONDS *JFMAMJJASOND* F tJFMAMJJASONDS ~JFMAHJJ~SOHD* > 10.5Ot******************************************* t U 2900atJ F tl 4 M J J A S 0 N Dt > lO.OOt***S****t********************************** t A IJFMAnJJASONDS >. 9.50~************t*************************~**** t T SJFMA~JJASONDS > 9.00t******************************************* t E SJ F-M A n J J A s o N D* > B.SOt*******t*****************#***************** t R $JFnAMJJASOND* > 8.00t*********************************************** t O~JF;M n n J J A s o N nt > 7.sot***************************************************t **t~~*t*~*t**~t*~~t***t***t***t***t*t*t*t*+tt*t*t $t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* tttttttttttt t t t t t t JnN FEB MnR APR MAY JUN JUL AUO SEP OCT NOV DEC 0 20. 40. 60 80. 100, 30 DAY ADJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 PERCENT OCCURRENCE TABULAR DATA OF ENEROY REOUIREMENTS MONTH OAL9 300 F WATER CONVERSION FACTORS! JAN 1976 THOUSAND9 OF LBS STEAM X 1.048 = MILLIONS OF BTU'S FEB 1976 THOUSANZS OF LBS STEAM X 7.396 = 1000'5 OF LA9 300~6WATER MAR 1976 THOUSANFS OF LBS STEAM X ,965 = 1000'S OF GAL9 300 F WATER APR 1976 UAY 1976 JUN 1976 mamutm JUL 1976 AUO 1976 DISRUCl' Wl' WA'lVt SECIOR - EASP BAM( CAMns SEP 1976 OP WIVALENP HJP WAm OCT 1976 NOV 1976 ldIFIPIlLDA? mwmSIFAM As BASE DATA DEC 1976 AT - 240' P DATE OF COHPUTER RUN - 77/03/24, s PATTEE HALL WULLPNG HALL BURTON HALL CHILD DEVELOP(NEW) CHILD DEVELOP(0LD) ELLIOTT HALL SHEVLIN H~LL SANFORD HALL NORRIS OY~ NORRIS F1ELD)IOUSE SCOTT HALL SCIENCE CLAGSRODfl KOLTHOFF HALL MONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA ENERGY LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t**Yt***t***t** *t****t****tt***t****t**t*t****t****t****t****t****t* 157SO.t J t . n > 22.004. +. *J D * I > 21.50+***** t *J A D * L > 21.00t***h***** t *J J A D * L > 20.50+********* t *J J A D * I > 20.00t************** t 12600. t J JJA N Dt 0 > 19.50t****************** t ,* J F I JJA N D* N > 19.('3t***lr******t******* t tJ F JJA N DS S > 18e50+****************** t *J F n JJA N D* > 10.00+************t***** t *J F n JJA o N D* 0 > 17.50t************************** t 9430.t~ F ti JJASONDt F > 17.00t************************** t *J F n.. J J..A s o N D* > 16.50+*******************1:*f******** '+ *J F n J J A SOD N D* B > 16.00t******t***X***t*****l t SJ F ti J J A S'O N Dt T > lS.53t***********t****************** t SJ F n JJASOND* U > 15rOOtX*******S**S*******t********** t 63oo.t~ F n A n J J A s o N D+ S > 14,50+****************************** t SJF~AMJJASOND* / > 14.00tt************************S************* t *JFtfAtiJJASOND* H > 13.50t********X****************************** . t *JFnAUJJA$OND* R > 13.00t****S***********************************~** t SJFnAHJJASOND* > 12.JOi.****t**$S*t*t*****S$X*S********Y*~*****t*** + - 51zo.t~ F n A n J J n s o N D+ > 12.00t****************************************~** t SJFnAnJJASOND* > Il.SOt****************************************~** t *JF~A~J JASON.D* > ll.O0t*******************************************' t SJFnAnJJASOND* > 10.59t******************************************* t *JFMA~JJ~SDND*> iO,COt******************************************* t O~JF~A~JJASOND~> 9.50t********************$********************** t **t***t***t***t*S*t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** ++tttttttttt JAN FED HAR APR HAY JUN JUL AUO SEP OCT NOW DEC *+****+****t****t****t**t*t*t*$*t****t****i~* 30 DAY ADJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 t t t t t t 0 20 1 40 60. 801 100. PERCENT OCCURRENCE TABULAR DATn OF ENERGY REOUIREHENTS MONTH THOUSANDS OF BTU'S JAN 1976 CONVERSION FACTORSI h FEE 1976 V MAR 1976 THOUSANDS OF LDS STEAtl X 1.048 MILLIONS OF BTU'S APR 1976 THOUSANDS OF LttS STEAM X 7.396 = 1000'5 OF L86 30@ WATER HAY 1976 THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 0965 - 1000'S OF GALS .30& WATER 0 JUN 1976 JUL 1976 AUG 1976 0 SEP 1976 DImIcrmnAm~-T;A32~cIuBus OCT 1976 EpmrmBm NOV 1976 mumOP DEC 1976 DATE OF COHPUTER RUN - 77/03/24, 0 : KEY SEC1'OR SERVICE DEMANDS AND LOAD DURATION FOR THE FOLLOWING BUILDINGS! .s? ..,-4 . PATTEE HALL WULLING HALL BURTON HALL CHILD DEVELOF(NEU1 CHILD DEVELOP(0LD) ' ELLIOTT HnLL SHEVLIN HALL SANFORD HALL NOhRIS GYM NORRIS FIELDIIOUSE SCOTT HALL ' SCIENCE CLASSROOM KOLTHOFF HALL 'i0-- . MONTHLY ENERDY USE DATA STEAfl LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** Yt****+****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* 15000. t J t 1 > 21.00t t *J D * 0 > 20.50+$$**$ t T *J A D * 0 > 20.00.t********* t H SJ J .A U S 0 > 19.50+********* t 0 *J J A D * 9 > 19.00t************** t U 120001t J JJA N Vt > 18.90t*XSS************** t S SJ F JJA N D, * 0 > 10*00t****S************* t A 1J F JJA N DS F > 17.50i.****X*S*********** t N SJ F H JJA N a* > 17.C~t********************** t D *J F H JJA 0 N D* L > 16.5~>t*********t**************** t s 9000.t~ F n JJASONDt B > 16.GO+*X***S**S***X*~*X*****X*X* t SJ F H J J A 9.0 N I?* .S > 15.50t****************************** t 0 SJ F.n JJASOND* / > 15.00t****************************** 4. F I,J F H J J AS 0 N D* H > 14.51t****************************** t *J F M JJASOND* R > 14.00+********************L********* t L 6000.tJ F H.6 H J J A S 0 N Dt > 13.50+********************************** t B SJFHAHJJASONDS > 13.00t*************************************** t S *JFHAMJJASOND* > -12.5Ot******************X$************ t *JFHAHJJISOND* > 12.00t***********************************Y****#** t 9 *J FHAH J JA s O'N D* > ll.JOt******************************************* t T 3000etJ F M A H J J A S 0 N Dt > ll.OOt************L****************************** t E.. tJFHAHJJASOND* > 10,50t****************************************~** t A tJFHAHJJASOND* > lO.OOt******************************************* t M 1JFMAHJJASONDS > 9.53t******************************************* t *JFHAHJJASOND* > 9.OCt************************t****************** t OtJFHAHJJASONDt > 8.50+*********************************************** t **+***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** > 8.00tS*******SS**S*****************~L*******************t +ttttttttttt *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* JAN FEE MAR AFR HAY JUN JUL AUO SEP OCT NOV DEC t t t t t t 30 DAY ADJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 0 20. 40. 60. 00, 10Oe PERCENT OCCURRENCE TABULAR DATA OF ENEROY REOUIREHENTS MONTH STEAM LOADtLDS) CONVERSION FACTORS1 JAN 1976 FEB 1976 THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 1.048 P MILLIONS OF BTU'S HhR 1976 THOUSANDS OF LBS STEOH X 7.396 1000'S OF LBS 3004 WATER APR 1976 THOUSAdDS OF LRS STEAH X ,965 = 1000LS OF GALS 300% WATER HAY 1976 . ... JUN 1976' JUL 1976 AUG 1976 6EP 1976 DIBRUCT m WArn'sDxR. PASF'BAM( c'ww OCT 1976 Am mIWLm8EiW BASE DATA NOV 1976 DEC 1976 ...... , .. ,...... ,..,. DATE OF CONPUTER RUN - 77/03/24,, amdsr T oou mwr TO wooor LXD C D 9 z-cw 0** UUU 0.0.0. L * D 2. ? Lq w .- LLL mm* 0.0- OOU uom 0.W? - - TYY DDW m D Lq L: M 0. DNmLa FJ 0 < * ommem? mu, * -... . ~m+~cncnu,mcnrncn~cnu,~cnmmmcn n n wr n 0 cnOOOC vvvv VVVVVVVC.rrrcrr g 222 LC,-.. $j 000 WWWW D*P PLQLQLJI CCC 0 1;) LQ U 0 1.J L'l u 0 y LO Vlmm ..-...... OVIOLllOOIO Q Z"Pg COOOOOO+++++++* a s:z ****** +* *******.****I * ****** *U **** + 0 **I* :"0 ***** * T * + 8z * * D * *I * I m C+ a * r * 0 * D * 0 --x 00- oor ?? f; moo 2 OOlrJ 7 -l 0 mwQr? rmw Q) + 00-us: 534' InT-i-rlrl xxzxxx DDDDD xxxxxx x'X 5. LLCLLL LLL LLLLCL LLL NPJN FJNPJ N ...... NWPDUl*U I KEY SEC'IOh' St'h"J1CE LlliMANLIS AN11 LUilL) ISURA'I'IUN FUR 'fHE FOLLOWING PIJILDINGS: . ... 1;. ! BUSINESS ADMIN. SOCIAL SCIENCE BLEGEN WILSON LIBRARY ANDERSON HALL AUD. CLASSROOM 0 .:.. r MIDDLEPROOK HALL RARIG CENTER ART BUILDINO MONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA ENEROY 'LOAD DURATION CURVE i **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****+****t****t* 29500. t J t M > 41.00t + I' * J A * I > 40.00t**t** t 0 * JJA f L > 39.00tSS$X*t*$$ + * JJA * L > 38.00tl***tS*** t H * JJA * I > 37.00t**$t$**$$*t*l* + 8. 1 23600,t J JJA ,t 0 > 36.00t******X******* + L fJ JJA * N > 35,00tXtSXS$lt$$XXfS t I L *J JJA C S > 34.00tXS*$$tX$$~tXt$ '. t 0 i I SJ JJA D X > 33.O~ttt$X$$f$X$$S1**$** i I 0 SJ JJA fr S 0 > 32.0ct****************** i N 17700. t J JJA Dt F > 31.00+Xtl*SSS*SS$$Y***** i O! S SJ F J J A' D X > 30~00ttSS*tSX**SSXLt**** t SJ F JJAS N DX B > 29.00+****************** t 0 XJ F . JJASND* T > 28.00C*******I*******$** t 0 j F SJ F n JJAS N DS u > z~.oo+~s*s*ssYs*~sY~~x$******* t 11800+tJ F M n J J A.S N nt s >.Z~.OO+~~~~*~*SSSS*XX****C*** t Q B *J F M MJJ~SN D$ / > 25.00t*S*SSSt**$S*t$SX**$$$* + 0 \ T tJ F M MJJASONDX H > 24.00t***Sb******$f****IX**C t U SJ F M MJJASONDS R > 23.00t********************** t. i . 8 3 SJFnAMJJASONDS > 22.00tXSS**Y*S*X$SC***t*Y*t****t*ttX - 0 / + 5900.tJ F tl A M J J A S 0 N Dt > 21.00t********************************** t SJFHAMJJASOND* > 20.00t********************************** + I I0 tJFMAMJJASONDS > 19,00tS*ttSSt*StSt****t************t*X** t 0 1 .*JFnAMJJASONDt > 18~00+1SR*SSfSSSS*$C***Y.L**lt$ + ! SJFnAMJJASOND* > 17*0ct*******************************$*********** t i OtJFMAMJJASONDt > 16.0~ttSSSStt$S$*$$*****t***t********Ir1:*********~ t 0: *StSSSt***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t~**t** > 19.00t******S*****1************$***************** t tt+ttttttttt > 14.00t******************************************* t I W "I d JAN FEB MAR AFR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC i 13.00ttt*8t**t***************************** + 0 f P Or, 30 DAY ADJUSTED MONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 > 12~00ttSStSSfS*St*X***t**1:***trC1:*trl:****************** t 1 > ll.OCt********************************#************** t .Q > lO.OCt******************************C*********CS***** t 0 i TABULAR DATA OF ENERGY RERUIREHENTS > 9.00ttSSSStfStSS$lt***C*1:*********1*~Ir*1**C********~***¶t MONTH THOUSANDS OF BTU'S *t****t****t****t*tt*t****t****i.****t****i.****t***ai* i e t t t t t t 0 JAN 1976 23.909~072. o 20. 40. 60. 80. ICO. FEB 1976 16~489~232. PERCENT OCCURRENCE . 0 MAR 1976 12r443~952. 0 AFR 1976 6~497~600. MAY 1976 1?*311~904. JUN 1976 271394~896. CONVERSION FACTORS! 3 i AUGJUL 1976 29~311~512*28~497~2161 THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAH X , 1.048 HILLIONS OF BTU'S i SEP 1976 19~896~064~ THOUSAP1S OF LBS STEAM X 7.396 1000'3 OF LBS 30& YATER 0 1 OCT 1976 9~633~216. THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X . ..965 IS 1000'5 OF GAL6 '300% WITER I . . NOV 1976 15~302*896...... +A'. . 0 DEC 1976 19~644~760. 0 ! DATE OF COMPUTER RUN - 77/03/24e 1:0 I 9 t'. I 0 >AM) ESTIMATn, SEbJA AS BASE DATA O 1 0 . . ,; ,; , :.:I .; I .. . ,. . .I . I.' I. ?. .. ; : . .: ,.I ! . a,.. BUSINESS ADMIN* SOCIAL SCIENCE RLEOEN WILSON LIPRAkY ANnERSON HALL AUD. CLASSROOM UIDDLEBHOOK HALL RARIG CENTER ' ART BUILDING UONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA 300'~ WATER LOAD DURATION CURVE **+***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** *t****t****t****+****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* 207000. t J f i >287.50s t i I J A 4 0 >281.75t*X*** t 0 & JJA t 0 >276.00t*$*X***$* t 0 * JJA 1 0 >270.25+*$3#13343 t 0 * JJA 4 S >264,50+***$********** t S 165600.t J JJA t >258.75t*******$*S*$** t XJ JJA 4 0 >253;00t***********tY$ t 0 *J J J. A * F >247,25+44*******4*$St t F 1J J J. A D t >241.50t************** t *J JJA D X L >235,75+************** t L 124200,t J ' JJA Dt B >230.00t***********i****** t B tJ F JJAS D t S >224.25;****************** t S SJ F J.J A S N D* / >218,50t***S*L**S$$******* t XJ F' J J A. S" N Dt H >212.75tSX**************** t 3 1J F ti J J A S. N DX R >207.00+***********$1:***** t 0 82800.t J F M UJJAS N Dt >201.25t****************** t 0 *J F ti MJJAS N D* >195.50+****************** t *J F M MJJASOND* >189.75r**4*4***4**L**4******* t F *J F H HJJASON.D* >184.00t$$Lt*4S$$$$***44*4X*XI t 1JFUAUJJASONDf >178,29t**********$*t*tt****** t Y41400.tJ F U A U J J A S 0 N Dt >172.50+********************** t A SJFUAUJJASONDI >166.75t****t*****$*********** t T SJFtiAUJJASONDt >161.00t***SS**$X***tX*4t4*4*4**** t E SJFUAU J JASON.D* >155.25t****************************** t R SJFUAHJJASOND* >149,50t*************************#**t*#*** t O~JF~A~JJ~OND~.>143.75t******************X*************** t **t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***t** >138~00t****t**4**********4*4**~**4*~***** t tttttttttttt >132*25t********************************** t JAN FEB HAR nPR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC >126~50~S*4*S*****44t**X~****~*****XXXX*~* t 30 DAY AIIJUSTED UONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 >120.75'********************~****************** t >115.00+******************************************* t >109*25t*********1********************************* t TABULAR DATA OF ENERGY REnUIREUENTS >103.5Ot******************************************* t UONTH LBS 300 F WATER > 97.75L**************************#*************t&* + > 92.00t****************************************~****** t JAN 1976 > 86.25t***$****t*****************4*t***4*4 + FEE 1976 > 80.50t************************************ t UAR 1976 > 74.75t********************************************* t APR 1976 > 69~00~**********$$*******************44*4 t MAY 1976 > 63.25t************S***************~************~*********t JUN 1976 *t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t****t* JUL 1976 t t t t t t AUG 1976 0 20. 40. 60. 80.. 100.. SEP 1976 PERCENT OCCURRENCE OCT 1976 NOW 1976 DEC 1976 CONVERSION FACTORS1 THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 1,048 r MILLIONS OF BTU'B THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 7,396 = 1000'5 OF LBS'JO~ WATER THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAH X ,765 - 1000'8 OF GAL* SO& YATER KEY StClOli SCIiVlCt; LIEflr1NL;:j ON11 LUALl UUH~t!lUN f.L!fi SHE FOLLOWlNti EIULLUINL~S: .... BUSINESS n~ni~, SOCIAL SCIENCE PLEOEN UILSON LIHRARY QNUERSON HALL AUC. CLASSROOM ' MIDDLEFRCOK HALL RARIG CENTER ART RUILDINO i. MONTHLY ENERGY USE DATA STEAM LOAD DURATION CURVE **t***~~***t***t***t***t***t***t***t***tY**t***t** tt***Yt~***t~**~t****t****t****t~~**t****t****t****t* 28000. t . J t 1 > 39,OOt t * J A \ * 0 > 38.00+***** t T * JJA * 0 > 37. or. i.t**k***** t H t JJA * 0 > 36.OC>t***Y.****l**** t 0 * JJA a S > 35.00t****$********* t U 22400..t J JJA i. > 34.00+***S********** t S SJ JJA * 0 > 33.00+f*b*t***Sk6*$* t A SJ JJA k F > 32.00+*******6*t**t* t N SJ JJA 1 D $ > 31.00t******ft********** t D SJ JJA D $ L > 30.00~****************** t S 16800.t J JJA Dt B > 29~00tS*tt$X$*SStltI1:*** t SJ F JJAS D S S > 28.00tS***fS**ttt*4*~*4* t 0 ' *J.F JJAS N DS / > 27.00tt***************** t' F SJ F JJhS N DS H > 26.00+*S$tt*****t*********** t SJ F M JJAS N D* R > 25.00t********************** t L" 11200.t J F M MJJAS N Dt > 24.00t***************~*t**** t B SJ F fl UJJAS N D* > 23.00+********************** t s SJ F n n J J n s O'N D.* > 22.OOt********************** e *J F M MJJASOND* > 21.00+*********************~******** t S SJFHAHJJASONDS > 20.0~t$****$*$***X*****$$**tt************ t T 5600.tJ F t4 A ti J J A S 0 N Dt > 19.00t*****t**************************** t E *JFHnMJJASOND$ A SJFMAMJJASONDS M SJFMAMJJASOND* > ~~.OO~**&*~S*******************************S***** t t~ F n A n J J a s,o N D* > .15.OCt**********SS*t***l***t***X***************** t O~JFMA~JJASOND~> 14.0Ct******4****8****************************4** t Stt*L*tS*St**St*S*t***t*S*t*Stt***tSSSt***t**St** > 13.00t********S**tS********t**S****************** t tttttttttttt > 12.00t*******t*************************************** t JAN FEE MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOW DEC > ll.OOt****f*************************$**************** t 30 DAY AUJUSTED HONTHS FOR YEAR- 1976 > lO.OOt**S******************************************** t > ...... t > 8.00t*t****************************************S********t TABULAR DATA OF ENERGY REOUIREMENJS *t**t*t**t*t*t**tS***tS***t****t****+~****e****t****t* UONTH STEfiM LOAD(LBS) t t t t t t 0 20. 40. 60. 80* 100. JAN 1976 22~814~000. PERCENT OCCURRENCE FEE 1976 15~734~000. MAR 1976 11~874~000. APR 1976 61200~000. MAY 1976 11~748~000. CONVERSION FACTORS! JUN 1976 26~102~000. JUL 1976 27r969~000t THOUSANDS OF LBS STEAM X 1.048 1 MILLIONS OF BTU'S AUO 1976 27~192r000, THOUSANDS. OF LBS STEAM X 7.396 = 1000'5 OF LBS 30d3 WATER .SEP 1976 15~1681000+ THOUSANDS OF LBS STEA'H .X ,965 = 1000'S OF GALS 306F WATER OCT 1976 9~192~000. NOW 1976 14~602r000, DEC 1976 18~745~0001 -... - ...... -..... DATE OF COMPUTER RUN - 77/03/24, . . .! ; 1.: 1 ) ' i.:;.;: .: .: i. ..j.. I 3.6.5 HCYT WATER PRODUCTION - SOUTlEAST STEAM PLAWT 1 The hot water districts (East and West Bank) will receive 300° F hot water from a hot water production and storage system at the South- east Steam Plant. The hot water will be brought up to 300° F by combinations of 5 PSIG and 160 PSIG steam of the ICES turbine. The effect .upon the turbine and generated output KW will be discussed in detail in the turbine-generator sections. The point to be amplified regarding hot water systems is that the hot water system will aid in loading the turbine and cause regeneration effects. , One advantage of this system is that the phasing of hot water heating into an existing steam heated cc=armunity will allow conversion to the.more econmical hot water system and create additional by- product electricity. The advent of district hot water heating in the near future is an almost certainty and this damnstration will provide significant data to all comnunities and utilities planning such heating. It may be noted that ERDA-Oak Ridge has selected the MnCities of Minnesota to become a cormunity for fact gathering for establishment of future district heating systems. The University, inparticular Physical Plant, is involved in this study. The hot water production system consists of' piping, pumps, heat exchangers, a storage tank and a turbine as described by the Hot Water Process Schematic Diagram shown in schematic and heat balance diagrams throughout the report. The power production view of electrical generation is that peak efficiency of a turbine-generator is obtained when exhaust or extraction end points are sel.ected at the lowest energy level, and the throttle at the highest possible energy level. With heat and electrical pro- duction coupled through a turbine, the overall efficiency of the plant must be examined. This is expressed in the fuel consumption figure. When an industrial or a snail steam plant is operated without making. use of turbine exhaust and waste heat, about 7% of the heat generated by the boilers is lost in producing vacuum for condensing the steam and returning it as water to the boilers. For this reason turbine heat rates between 9,000 and 10,000 EYIU/KlVh are frequently experienced. With a plant making use of exhaust heat only 3,413 EiTU/Kwh are theoreticallyrequiredto produce a kilowatt. It is primarily this reason that cogeneration is energy saving and it can be developed by use of process heating coupled to power production by a steam turbine. - In evaluating the by-product. rates, one of tm conditions must exist for the evaluation. They are as follows: 1. Purchased power demand must exceed by-product power capacity. 2. Or the generated by-product power credits are based upon a condensing power source. By development of a regenerative hot water heating cycle using either SNC or SAENC turbines, the turbine outputs cm,be increased with either, but significantly with the SAENC turbine. In the ICES, there are three stages of regeneration represented in either the SNC cycle or the SAENC cycle by the heat exchangers H1, H2, and 5. The regenerative effects are caused by successively raising the condensate return (160' F) through the enthalpy energy level of each heater (re- generator) to the final discharge temperature, 300' F. The more stages of regeneration the more kw output obtained. During Phase I1 the economic (optimum) amount of regeneration must be detennined. Also the colder the steam condensate returned the more regeneration output to be delivered. However, steam condensate temperature is a function of service dmand steam rate and distribution pipe length so that there is probably not much optimizing to be brought to bear in this area because no major modifications are involved with ICES. Because it ivould have required intensive mrk for Phase I centered around boiler development (and prohibitive costs for Phase I feasibility study), it is thought the boiler feedwater temperatures could actually approach the temperature of the hot water process of 300° F rather than 225O F used for optimization. This is important to Phase 11. If boiler feed- water temperatures can be increased from the Phase I operating assump- tion of 225' F to 300' F, each increase above 225O F will provide additional regeneration of by-product power. Phase I determined that cogeneration is workable, but Phase I1 must employ methods to maxi- mize the concept developed. The diagramnatic process diagrams on the following pages show how a combined steam hot water cycle such as the present concept can be arranged so that maximum regeneration can occur. Significant to this development will be the ability of the existing boilers, specif &ally economizers, to handle temperatures up #P TURBINE 1. . SNC 160 PSlG COMMUNITY STEAM 180° STEAM CONDENSATE 160'F HOT WATER RETURN 360° F COMMUNITY HOT WATER I DISCHARGE I AND FEEbWATER ARRANGED SED WEGENERATI0.N ...... \ ' ..d\-6 ,ST- :, 8 k SNC 1SOow \ I-- EXHAUST ICO PS\P STEAM ,-7 TC \CES D=TC\CT 5EkM UEATIN4. STEAM f LWT A _ - - - - 1 --.~-.__ WRTER O\STR\CT HEAT\NG LEGEND : - 13EeF,45% PIIG STEAM HEPSER ,,, .\GO P514 EXTRkZTCD STEAM - - 5 V%\GQ EXHAUST ST€W ,... ,MOT WUEW ROCES5 - - CONDLNSAX TEMVERATVUE~QN~L WERT EEXCHANGKU (u, ,Liz ..... etc.) -,. -,. ___.c_ .I%o.F ST- Q. CONT~LVALVE (A,%. .... etc> CoNDLNSA-TEi: 5 DESWElZHEATEU - PUMP AND FLOW CP, ,P, , . , . .O?C > . DIR€CT>O).L OF TROCEY DA -aEkuECIT\+Sk HEATER . G*\D . \C€S S\MPL\F\ED - FWL . . 435 PSIG 735'F A Y . , HP TURBINE SAEMC 303,500 PPH - S,E. STEAM PLANT I . . A Y 160 PSI0 COMMUNITY STEAM 300" F I \ + 180'F STEAM A lr CONDENSATE t A 5. PSIG 160'F HOT Y . - HEATER DA WATER RETURN i 1 1 D I L4-43-+--3 -1 . . . . SAENC TURBINE Part of this feasibility study involved examination of thermal storage on a diurnal basis and a seasonal basis. DIURNAL HEAT STORAGE For short time peaking capability an insulated hot water tank can be made a part of the Southeast Steam Plant hot water production system. This is not only an effective tool to delay investment costs for pro- duction capability, but also serves as a regenerator for electricity. This is an excellent load leveling device to equalize the daily the& load duration by storing thermal energy during off peaks, thus keeping up by-product 'generation, and use the storage during them1 peak demand. Since the ICES generator is in effect a cogenerator of the utility, maximum credit gain for cogeneration is obtained when the thermal ser- vice demand of the comnunity coincides with the utilities.demand upon its electrical generating facilities. To obtain greater continuity between the tm demands the hot waterstorage tank can be used in an alternative manner. If the hot water system is allowed to degrade from 10:OO P.M. to 8:00 A.M., allowing for maximum energy conservation, but allowed to come to full potential during the 8:00 A.M. to 10:OO P.M. hours, maxh available regeneration can occur. To increase the re- generation effect the hot water tank is charged betwen 8:00 A.M. to 10:OO P.M. maximizing by-product electricity delivered to the utility. Between the hours of 10:OO P.M. and 8:00 A.M. the hot water is dis- charged from the tank to aid in regulating the degradation process. The hot water tank muld be sized to carry the degradation process Prom 300" F to 240" P over the 10 hour degrading period. Fmn Table 2 it can be seen that the time required to absorb the heat stored in the 5,000 ft. pipe, 8 inches in diameter, is 17 to 23 minutes. However, the system will be designed to mix hot water from the storage tank with hot water produced, which will be loxr because of lower service require- ment for steam or hot water by reducing building operations and conserva- tion temperatures. The correct tank size will require significant engineering in Phase 11. Part of the study must involve daily hot water profiles,,storage tank heat balances, tank insulation require- ments and optimum sizing of tank volume to correspond with inherent pipe heat storage and degradation cycles. Section 3.6.5 depicted a typical hot water system on drawing 45. On load shaving (degradation), heat exchanger H1 is turned off. Control head A opens allowing the 350' F hot water to mix with the water in the loop. This condition moclulates until temperature in the loop is de- graded to 240° F from 300° F. SEASONAL THERMAL STORAGE Seasonal them1 storage is described in Section 3.15, Volume 3C. Further discussion developed since May 16, 1977 is contained in the "Ekecut ive Sumnary ." 3~6.7 CONSTRUCTION* CCXSTS OF DE%ONSTRATIONHUJ? WA1IER SYSTEMS Distribution Piping Construction Size Pipe Cost Labor - / - Tot a1 East Bank (.Return West Bak (Return) Sanford (Return) Southeast Steam Plant Main Pump $ 75,000 Variable Speed Drive 35,000 3 - Heat Ekchangers 75,000 100,000 gal Storage Tank 150,000 Excavation 40,000 Pump Valves 50,000 TOTAL $zq?%i3 $ 425,000 Wlilding Retrofit .. . Zone Valves, Pumps Relief Valves, Piping $500,000 Steam Adsorption Retrofit . 91,280 TOT& . . . $591,280 . . . $ 591,280 ?DTAL $1,400,000 * Construction Cost includes engineering and contingencies at 17%. ** 10" pipe - 4" co 300° - 11'8 16ooO~ 8" pipe - 34" B 308' - 1" 4 168 3" pipe - 2" @ 300 - 1" @! 160 F Presented in this section are the computer developed stkam demand duration profiles. The demand profiles were generated using central plant hourly recordings of steam rates. The data is presented here for developnt of optimum turbine sizing in the following volumes. Recorded 1976 steam demands are used for all base data and en- suing project ions. DEIYONSTRATION COPIMUNITY STEAlY LOAD nURATION CURVE FOR YEARS 1976 - 1979 *t*t0t+0*$~t52**t~t**tt**~t*o.~c*ti**tt;k;k;k*t****+*~**+* :::. 550000, $ t 1::. 1::. 540000 + t :::. 530000, $* PmmSERVICE DENAND t :> :> 520000,$~ t biETERED H3URLY DURATION - ETJULLI.. ?. 510000*4*6 i- -. :::- 500000 .t ;hk rnhIBINED EAST Em?, WEST mi, t .. . 490000 + t ST. lcwils,'FAIRJ~IETV, AUGSBURG. . t . . ::> 480000 $/ • t .. -...... -. :> :> . -.. xi...... 470000 ,t/ ,6 t -.-. T;? .' ...... ::> 460000 t//* : t ...... : :> :> 450000 + +//* ... . :".- * + . ., . L 440000*t//,t t . . ... ,... . > ...... , - :. . %;. . ..;-.-:.- . . E :::- 430000 S//X + * t . . S ::. 420000 ,f///*t +' ::. 410000++1//*.*# t S ::> 400000 +//// • * t T ..:> 390000 ,+///// ,** t E :> 3S0000, +/I///*** t A 370000 +////// 5 + M 360000 + +////// t .t ::> 350000 ,t //'////// *ict f f' :> 340000 +////////XI* t E > 330000+t/////////X+# t H :p 320000*+//////////* t ::. 310000*+///////////**** t H :::. 300000, +////////////..tt t n" :;:. 290000,4/////////////X*%** t >* 280000e+///////////////**L*t t :::- 270000, -I//////////////// + + %*t# t :> 260000+f/////////////I/////**t*tS t :::. 250000*$///////////////////****>I(?)(t%'S + ::. 240000 ,+////////////////////* 4 + + #t%;C%ict?)( t > 230000.+~/////////////////////X********Z*** f :::. 220000 + .+/////////'///;////////////• **$*% t :I:. 210000 1 $//////////////////'/////////+ ***$ t i::- 200090 ,$////,///////./////////////////,, + + *$;#~k 4- :>. 19G300*+////.//////////////////////////////x******~** t :::. 180000 $////'/'//'//////////////////////////////X ** i- 1 1. '0000 ,-k///////./////////////////.////////////// . * t ::. 160000~t/i///////P//////////////////////////////////Xt ::- 150000 f ,////'///////.////////////////////////////////f //I/ *+ 11.. :t-'+Oi)OO ~~ti,./,~'./~',///,///'.~'//./,////////////,~'/////~//////'//,////.~////,t 1 130000 + +/////'///,/'///////'///////////////////////////////////+ ::. 120000 + -k//,////////i////////////////////'.//////////////f /I///+ i 10000, .+/'//,///'///,//'/./////'///'//////////,////////.//////////////+ i:. 100000 + <-///'/*.//'i//////i///,',////////////////////////////f/////f t ;t-;$>:?$f $S*:$+?kl*;Yf ?x:Nf tt**;t<*.~f2,t:~Z%.'I'<' SS'l\iBOL DEFINI'TIOb! -. . - $ lP7C r?D~~J:'T'?ONALSTE:A!.I L.OcST1 TCI 177G STEAl'l LOAD 1978 RDDITIONI?I- STEAM - LOAO TI) 14'77 STEAH COiSD x 1~77ADDITIONI?L s'r~ni+L-OAD TO 1976 STEA~'?LOAD / 1976 STEAI'I I-CJATI 131 - PFDJECI'ED SERITICE DEMiW BIE;?ERED HOURLY DURATION - STEAIM CO1lIIBLUED EAST BANK, \EST BANK, ST. klARY' S , FAIRVIEIY, AUCSBURG MONTH YEAR LHS/HR JAN FEB MAR APR ~$AY JUN JUL AUG SEF OCT NOV KIEC JAN FEE' MAR AFR MAY .'UN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB PIN3 AF'R. MAY JUN JUL AUCi SEF' OCT E!OV DEC JAN FEE MAF: AF'R MAY JUH JUL AUG SEF OCT NOV DEC \ DATE DnTA GENERATED- 77/03/11, TA3ULm DATA FRa1.I P&TIOUS WH 132 ' DEHONSTRATION COHHUNXTY PROCESS STEAM REOUIREHENTS t8t8ttttt~t*t8t*t~t8tIrt8t8t*t8t8t8t*t~t8t8t*t*t*t~t*t.*t8t&t*t8t*t8t*t8t8t8t8t8t8t8t8t~t8t8+8t8t8t8t 450000. t t 440000 1 t t 430000. t D t 4200009 t 410000.t ::. 400000 r t D D t 390000 t .DJ D + L 380000ot D D DJ D t B 370000ot D DJ .D J D t I S 360000.t D DJ DJ D t 3500000t J DJ DJ DJ , D+ B 540000,t J DJ DJ D J D t 7 330000rt J b J DJ DJ D t E 320000*t J DJ DJ DJF ND+ A 310000.t J DJ DJF NDJF ND+ H 300000,t J DJ DJF NDJF N D + 290000~tJ F NDJF N D.J F NDJFH NDt P 2800009t J F NDJF NDJFU NDJFH ' NDt E 270000at J F H NDJFM NDJFH . NDJFH NDt 4 R 2dOOOO.t J F H NDJFH NDJFH NDJFM NDt 250000et J F U NDJFH NDJFH. NDJFH J NDt H 240000.t J F H NDJFH NDJFU NDJFH JJA ONDt R 230000.t J F H NDJFM NDJFH J ONDJFM JJA ONDt 220000,t J F n NDJFH NDJFM JJA ONDJFH JJA OND+ '2100001t J F H ONDJFM ONDJFH JJA ONDJF~ JJA ONDt 200000.t J F n J ONDJFH JJA ONDJFM JJA ONDJFH JJASONDt 190000.t J F H JJA ONDJFH JJA ONDJFU JJA ONDJFHAHJJASONDt fB0000.t J F H JJA ONDJFH JJA ONDJFUAHJJASDNDJFMAHJJASOND~ 170000.tJFHA JJA ONDJFHA JJA ONDJFUAHJJASONDJFHAHJJASOND~ ~~OOOO.~JFHA~JJA~~NDJFHA~JJ~~~N~.JFHAHJJ~~~NDJF~A~JJA~~ND~ 150000~tJFHAUJJAS0NDJFMAHJJ~S0NDJFHAHJJAS0NDJFUAHJJAS0NDt ~~~~~~.~JF~A~JJA~~NDJF~A~JJA~~NDJF~-A~JJA~~NDJF~A~JJ~~~ND~ ~~~~~~.~JFHAHJJ~~~NDJFHA~JJ~~~NDJFMAHJJA~~NDJFHA~JJ~~~ND~ ~~~~~~.+JF~A~JJ~~~NDJF~A~JJA~~NDJF~A~JJA~~NDJF~A~JJA~~ND~ W ~*~*t*~*~*~8~S~*~*~*~*t*t*t*~*t&tkt&t8t&t&t*t8t&t&t&t*t8t8t&t*t&t8t&t&t&t*t&t&t&t~t~t*t*t~t&t&t&t*t tttttttttttttttttttttttttttt.tttt~t'ttttttttttttttt JF~AHJJASONDJFHA~JJA~ONDJFHAHJJA~~NDJFHA~JJA~~ND' AEAPAUUUECOEAEAPAUUUECOEAEAPAUUUECOEAEAPAUUUECOE NBRRYNLOPTVCNBRRYNLGPT~CNBRRYNLG~PT~~NBRRYNL~PT~~ m.FILSPBANK, REZ M,ST. MARY'S, PAIRVIEW. AUGSBURG I I DEHONSTRATION COMMUNITY PROCESS ENEROY REQUIREHENTS t*t*t*t*t*ttt*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*t*ttt*t*t*t*t 475, t t 465.t * t a 455,t . 445.t t Dt 435.t U T 425.t D ot- a 415.t . DJ 405. t Dt DJ Dt 3951t D DJ DJ Dt 385 t D DJ DJ Dt 37s.t J ' DJ DJ DJ Dt 365.t J DJ DJ DJ Dt 3551t J DJ DJ DJ Dt 345.t J DJ DJ DJ Not 3350t J DJ DJ DJF NDt 325et J DJ DJF NDJF Not 315.t J DJ DJF NDJF. NO+ 305.t J F NDJF NDJF '. NOJFM Not 295.t J F NDJF NDJFM NDJFM NO+ 285.t J F NDJF NDJFH NDJFM NO+ 275.t J FM NDJFM NDJFM NDJFM NO+ 265.t J FM .NDJFM NDJFH NDJFM NDt 255.t J FM ND. J FM NDJFH NDJFM JJA ONDt 245.t J FH NDJFM NDJFH NDJFM J.JA ONDt 235.t J FM NDJFM NDJFM JJA ONDJFH' JJA ONDt 225.t J FM , ONDJFM ONDJFM JJA ONDJFM JJA OND~ 215,t J FM ONDJFM J ONDJFM J.JA ONDJFM JJA ONDt 201etJFM JJA ONDJFM tJA ONDJFM JJA ONDJFM JJASONDt 1es.t~~~JJA ONDJFM JJA ONOJFMA JJASONDJ.FMAMJJASOND~ 185*tJFM JJA ONDJFMA 'JA ONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDt 175otJFMA JJA ONDJFMA JJASONDJFMAMJJASONOJFMAMJJASONDt 165~tJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJAS0NDJFMAHJJAS0N0JFMAMJJAS0NDt ~~~~~JFMAMJJASONOJFMA~JJASONDJF~AMJJASONDJF~AHJJASOND~145~tJFHAMJJASONDJFMAHJJASONDJFHAHJJASONDJFHAHJJASONDt ~~~.~JFMAHJJASONDJF~A~JJASONDJF~AMJJASON~JFMA~JJASOND~ 12Lt~JFHAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFHAHJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDt I~~.~JFMAMJJA~~NDJFMA~JJA~~NDJFMAMJJA~ONDJFMA~JJA~~ND~ lOLtJFMAMJJASONDJFMAHJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJF-MAMJJASONDt ~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*t*~*t*t*~*t8t*t*t*t*t8ttt8t8t8t*ttttt8t8tXttt*t~t8ttttttt*t8t$t~t8t8t8t8t8t8t8ttttttttltttttttttrtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt JF~AMJJASONDJFMA~JJA~ONDJ.F~A~JJA~ONDJFMAMJJA~~ND AEAPAUUUECOEAEAPAUUUECOEAEAPAUUUECOEAEAPAUUUECOENBRRYNLGPTVCNBRRYNLGPTVCNBRRYNLGPTVCNBRRYNLGPTUC 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 66666666666677777777777788888888888899999g999999 I BIETEXD SERVICE DE3IAND HOURLY DCa4TION CGMi3INED MF'LS CAMPUS - ST* MARYS STEAH LOAD DURATION CURVE . FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1976 8t~bSStS$%*tttX1tdt%W+ttXttt~~Xf+dtzk~k+ttt~t~$**+~~~d+~ 500000,t - f ::. 49i)000++ . t 1::. 480000 t t :::. 470000. f t :::. 4d0000 9S t ... 1::. 450000 t* + ... '. ..>: 1 440000 +## t . . .. :. 430000.*ttt f -...... _._...... - .... :. -...... :.:- > 420000*+*t + - .".- -..- . . - -. 2 410000*+*Zt t -; ..... 2.. .. -...... -- .., .:._. L > 400000++~eX 4- ...... :,. . - F :. 3?0000*t + %t t ., . ,. ' :-:- ...... , -.- . :.v- .... I S 1 380000*t**t% t ...:...... :'.. 370000 + + e Lt + . .... S > 360000*+++**d* t - 1 T > 350000*+****Lt t E > 340000*S*+**+tt, + R >* 330000 + + Ltd t M :> 320000*t******t~* t > 310000*+********tt .+ P 300000*i*********tt t . . > . . E > 2?0000+t++**e*****lt + R .:. 290000+++**+++**++t5d f 1 270000 + + t + **t* t .. H 1260000+++~*~~**~*~~~d1%t t R 3 250000*+**************Lt*t t .:> .:> 240000*t***************t*** + > 230000*+********~**6.**+*t**t* t ;:- 220000*+********************tj: t ::. 21GOOO~.fe+**4***~~+.*+*****+~>k**~t + :::. 20~0001+***.**.******b.***4****df5(t* + 1::. 1::. lY0000*+e*************+***********d(t*fdt t ::. 1800GO+t+t********+*++**t+++t*t**+*e~t#t$$#$ f. :::. i7000(!*1~******.****+****.*******+**********~~~*t i&@9O~e++~+~~+~+*~~~~~~~~~++~~~~~+~+~~~~~.~~+#~#**~~t > 150000,+5**************~***************************~t**t z> 1400OO~+++~*t~**t~**~~*~~~~~~~~*t+~~~~~~*+t ::. 130000*+++++~~*b'**+**++**++*~*~t*+~v+~*~*~**~**.*~ee*.~S*~+ :;' 12000001~0te++6ta*+***+t*+4**+*+***++*+************@**+..e**+ , ::> 300GCt++~~*+~**+++*+****+~v*t~~++*.*o~~*+~~~~~**e**~~~..~*~~t 8t;#b:+$+$$(f ~+~kt~?~k+*t~tt:ktbk~tt%Xt+*t~~tt~~~+~~~~~t~~~~+~ t -0- t t 4- + 0 20 40, 60 80*. 300, PERCENT 0CCUF:RENCE * COHEINE-D PiF'LS CAtii:'L!S - ST* MfiRYS STEAN LOAD FUR 1976 a ' fiINi\lEchF~~i2l_ISCAiiF'US STEAM L..OI?SI FOR 1976 hIFlTERED EKINTHLY AVERAGE .SERVICEDEMAND COMBINED MFLS - ST+ MARYS AVERAGE STEAH LOAlt +~+*+d+X+Zt*+t+*+U+*+*t*i*+;3(tIt*+*tt~t*t*t*.t*+*+*t*+*+ 400000 + + S 3'75000+t J t 390000 + t J + 3S5000 + + J + 3Y0000 + t J f 375000 f J t 370000 + + DJt 36";700++ D 'J + 360000 + DJt 355000 + Kt J + 350000 + + DJ+ 345000. + . . DJ+ 340000 + t J ISJ+ 335000, + J rt J + 330000+f J F J DJt 325000*+ J F J DJ+ L 320000*+ J F J .D J + F 315000++ J F . J 11 J + S 310000++ J F D J HLJ+ 305000++ J F D J DJ+ s 3ooooo++ J F D J 11 J + T 295000+t J F D J . , D3$ E.290000++ J F M D J DJ+ A 285000++ J F M D J DJt Pi 280000.t J F M 11 J F N~J+ 275000,+ J F M DJF NElJf F 270000*+ J F M DJF NLSJt E 265000++ J F M 11 J F NDJ+ R 260000,t J F M DJF NDJS 255000++ J F M ~JFM NKlJ+ H 250000++ J F M DJFM NPJS' H 245000,t J F M DJFM NDJ+ 240000++ J F M DJFM NDJ+ 235000,t J F Pi DJFM NUJ+ 230000,t J F M ~JFM El Tt J + 2250000+ J F M .NDJFM NDJ+ 220000+9 J F M J NDJFM NIIJt 215000e3 J F M A J NfiJFM MDJt 210000,f J F M A J NDJFM NDJt 205000,f J F ti A J NDJFM ONDJt 200000,fJFi'lA JJA NDJFM 0 N11 J I! lP5000,CJFi'lA JJA NDJFM J ONDJt 19Q000+-! J F Pi A J J A NDJFM JA ONDJt 1S500Q4+J F Pi A J,J A ND.JFM .~JAONDJ+ lSOOOO+CJFMA JJA NDJFM JJA ONDJ~ 175000++JFMA JJA NDJFhf JJil ONISJ1- 170000++ J F M A J J A 'NDJFti JJA ONDJt 165000,f J F M A 'J J A NDJFMA JJA ONDJS I~OOOO,+JFHA JJA ON~JF~IAJJA ONDJ+ 1!35000++JFPiAMJJA ONDJFMAMJJASONDJ+ 150000+$ J F i'l A W J J A S O N D J F ti A M J J A S 0'N.R J + +%+!#+S+$.+~+~+$+$+$(~C~.t>~$*+*>~+$+~t+$+ >)+Xit.;J(f ;X.+t+>:i-$-).$+&L-$$+ f.++~>Lf.+4.$.++f+t-f+f.+t.E-++f ti. J'FMqHJJASONfrJFMAMJJASONDJ AE~FAUUUECOEAEAPAUU~IECOEC~ NBRHYNLGPTVCNBRRYNLGPTVCN MONTH JAN FEE MAR AFR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR. APR HAY JUN 3UL AUG SEF OCT NOV rlEC JAN DATE DATA GENERATED- 77/02/14, TABULAR DATA OF PREVIOliS C;RAPH hmYAVERAGE 'SERVICE PFKhJXrn .muJTALE1\PTRK)hiY AVERAGE l.limux DrnIILND- CO~Il3~EASP BANK, IVEST EIANK, Si'. hWLY1S , FAIRVIDY, AUGSBUTdG MONTI-i YEAR MILLION ETU/iiR JAN FEE MAR APR MAY JUN JUI- AUG - SEF' OCT N.0V DEC JAN FEB MAR AF'R MAY JlJN JUL AUG SEP OCT NUV DEC JAN FEE MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEF' OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB' HAR kF'R MAY JClN JUL AUG SEF' OCT NOV DEC TLU~~JLAF:DATA FRO.\f PREVIOUS GPmH I .. tiUUli!j.~lJi:~.Ul,:Lti~lUl~-~i!~-~~L~~!tL~.l.LNii-.l"L~?~ 1. Au.iEF-Et2t:b~ i...l,Ut~l~-,L:.VtL$i , .------FOR 1976 CALENnAR YEAR - I 0 I -- --.. ------LOAD RANGE NO. OF ~~OURS TOT= STEAM LOAD RANGE NO. OF HOURS TOTAL STEM 490000. TO 5000004 0 0 4900000 TO 5000000 0 0 0 4 400 90~TL490-09.9. 0 0 - ~e-~ooo,-~o-~~?o_qo, .o. ---- .- - . - -0 . 470000. TO 480000. 0 0 470000. TO 500000. 0 0 460000. TO 470000. 0 0 460000. TO 500000. 0 0 6 4SODOO,-S9-340.OO.Q. 0 0 . 45000~,.-T~~00000, - - .. 0. - . .- . - .. 0.. 440000, TO 450000. 0 0 440000. TO 500000, 0 0 430000. TO 440000. 0 0 430000. TO 500000. 0 0 0 ' . 4290OQ.15P-930004--L 0 42000p.~~~o.~50,0000, -. 0. - - -. 0 410000. TO 420000. 48 20030900. 410000e TO 500000. 48 $ 20030900. 400000. TO 410000. 72 * 29114800. 400000. TO 5000-0. 120. 49145700. 0 { ;! 390000.0-TO ...4 0000Q.~ 0-. . _ 0. 390000 ,-TO,-5000"3~ .120!.- 491.45700, 380000. TO 390000e 48. 18475500 * 380000* TO 5000004 168. 67621200. 370000. TO 380000. 120. 44894150- 370000. TO 500000. 280. 112515350. C3 36OooQJ.Q-i?7R.9oO 120 s 43332800 ?40O.!??ATD-S0OPOO* 408. 156348150.0 350000. TO 360000. 48. 17050500. . 350000, TO 5000CO. 456 173398650. 340000. TO 350000+ 168. 57821950. 340000, TO 500000. 624 o 231220600. . 0 33,QPOOJr0_-_3_40P00. 120 1 40390200 330000-!-TO -500000, ?44.. 271610800. 320000. TO 330000. 120. 38644350. 320000. TO 500000. 864 310255150. 310000. TO 320000. 144. 45072550. 310000. TO 500000. 1008. 355327700. 0 1 rJ.?0Q.Q.O~-JO-3.!9000~ 192. 58348300_. 30CJ000. TO 500000. 1200. 413676~ 290000, TO 300000. 168. 49392950. 290000. TO 500000. 1368. 463068950. 200000. TO 290000. 144. 41400100. 280000. TO 500000. 15120 504469050. 3 270000 r10..280000.r 2.16.e- 59117300~ .270000!-TD 5000001 1728. -. 563586350. 260000. TO 270000. 192. 50837600. 260000. TO 500000. 1920. 611423950. 250000. TO 260000. 192. 49094106. 250000. TO 500000. 2112. 663518056. c- 24.Q.ODOLLe250OQ9~288 il06.9033.Q* 24oC!?0dO50?.0PQ* 2400. ,734400406. 230000. TO 240000. 312, 73096600. 230000. TO 5000C0, 2712. 807505006. 220000, TO 230000. 336 r 75172650. 220000. TO 500000. 3048. 882677656, 0 LlOOOD.~.-T032.9000* 26.4,. 56684550. 2100~0~~0~~00000~3312?-- 939362206,. 200000. TO 210000. 408, 83514300. 200000. 73 500000. 3720. 1022876506* .8 190000. TO 200000. 744 r 144859150, 190000. TO 500000. 4464. 1167735656. . 3 Q 1B0.000.~-111LPO.OO.Q 416 84847525. 18000-0..J&. 5000f'.O. 4920,-1.252583101-* !I -. 170000. TO 180000. 816. 142939100. 170000. TO 5000fi0. 5736. 1395522281. 160000, TO 170000. 480. 79134950. 160000. TO 500000. 6216, 14746'37231. 0 X?000Q~0~50000.0~ 7008-15973205312 552. 79961900. 140000, TO 500000. 7560. 1677282431 . 130000. TO 140000. 528. 71606800. 130000. TO 500000. 8088, 1748889231. .9 L2000Q~lQ-13~OO~~UQ1BPO~Q0.Q.QJOO0500000e 8592.18 199.1031_* 110000. TO 120000. 168. 19320000. 110000* TO 500000. 8760, 1831311031. 100000. TO 110000. 0 0 100000* TO 500000. 8760. 1831311031. 0 L0000J~~.OO.Q~-d334O.OQLPPOO.OLTO-500000. 8784 L-1833647031 r 80000. 10 90000. 0 0 80000, TO 500000. 87840 1833647031. 0' 0 70000e TO 500000, 8784, 1833647031. . . o 0 4QQQQ.TOQQO9 1 8 7_e_411-8 33647031 1 3 0 0 50000. TO 5000C3. 87841 1833647031. 40000r TO 50000. 0 0 40000* TO 500000. 07840 1833647031 1 0 QdOQ.QT0_5.00~09* BZ8-4 * 183.3647031 * 0 ' 200001 TO 300001 0 0 200001 TO 500000a 8784. 1833647031. 10000. TO 20000, 0 0 100000 TO 5000COo 87840 1833647031, :O n rn 10000. o o 0 TwpOOO. 8704 18336470310 0' --- .- 1156LJNTSo I;-;,;-'RIIK U-F. . . . . bue UFF Q&2&&, . . -. SERVICE DE?.lAND AEIERED HOURLY DURATION - ,-!I EAST BANK AND \YEST BANK w@uSES