Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Hazard Mitigation Plan
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SSShhhoooaaalllwwwaaattteeerrr BBBaaayyy IIInnndddiiiaaannn TTTrrriiibbbeee TTTRRRIIIBBBAAALLL HHHaaazzzaaarrrddd MMMiiitttiiigggaaatttiiiooonnn PPPlllaaannn Spring 2008 Shoalwater Reserve, Nisqually Agency, 1879 Courtesy of University of Washington Libraries Shoalwater Bay Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan Prepared for The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Funded by Federal Emergency Management Agency Pre‐Disaster Mitigation Program Application #: PDMC‐10‐WAIT003‐2005 & The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Prepared by Shoalwater Bay Tribal Council & Shoalwater Bay Tribe Office of Emergency Management CHAIR: Charlene Nelson VICE CHAIR: Mike Shipman Secretary: Lynn Clark Treasurer: Holly Blake Member at Large: Jennifer Taylor Lee Shipman, Director of Emergency Management Primary Author & Editor: Glenn B. Coil, Project Consultant Spring 2008 Cover photo: Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation looking northeast from Graveyard Spit By Glenn B. Coil, August 17th, 2007 2008 Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... i List of Figures .................................................................................................................... v List of Tables.................................................................................................................... vii List of Acronyms............................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................1‐1 2. Planning Process ..................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1. Preparation of the Plan ................................................................................... 2‐1 2.2. Plan Participants ..............................................................................................2‐2 2.3. Literature Review.............................................................................................2‐3 2.4. Plan Preparation Timeline ...............................................................................2‐5 3. Community Profile ..................................................................................................3‐7 3.1. Geography........................................................................................................3‐7 Vegeta tion............................................................................................................... 3‐9 Soils.........................................................................................................................3‐10 Geology...................................................................................................................3‐10 Land Use................................................................................................................. 3‐15 3.2. Climate............................................................................................................3‐16 3.3. Tribal History ..................................................................................................3‐16 3.4. Population and Economics............................................................................3‐18 3.5. Services and Special Districts ........................................................................3‐18 3.6. Buildings and Critical Facilities ......................................................................3‐18 3.7. Infrastructure.................................................................................................3‐19 3.8. Cultural/Sacred...............................................................................................3‐19 4. Risk & Vulnerability Assessment............................................................................4‐1 4.1. Introduction .....................................................................................................4‐1 Hazards Profiled.......................................................................................................4‐1 Summary of Vulnerability and Losses.....................................................................4‐1 Methodology of Hazard Profiles............................................................................ 4‐5 4.2. Coastal Erosion................................................................................................ 4‐7 Definiti ons ............................................................................................................... 4‐7 General Background ...............................................................................................4‐8 Hazard Profile..........................................................................................................4‐9 Secondary Hazards ................................................................................................ 4‐11 Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan i NAHPS CHAAHTS 2008 Exposure Inventory ...............................................................................................4‐12 Vulnerability ...........................................................................................................4‐12 Loss Estimate .........................................................................................................4‐12 4.3. Earthquakes ...................................................................................................4‐15 Definitions ..............................................................................................................4‐15 General Background ..............................................................................................4‐16 Hazard Profile.........................................................................................................4‐21 Secondary Hazards ................................................................................................4‐31 Exposure Inventory ...............................................................................................4‐31 Vulnerability ...........................................................................................................4‐31 Loss Estimation ..................................................................................................... 4‐32 4.4. Flood.............................................................................................................. 4‐39 Definitions ............................................................................................................. 4‐39 General Background ............................................................................................. 4‐42 Hazard Profile........................................................................................................ 4‐43 Exposure Inventory .............................................................................................. 4‐45 Vulnerability .......................................................................................................... 4‐45 Loss Estimation .....................................................................................................4‐46 4.5. Landslides...................................................................................................... 4‐53 Definiti ons ............................................................................................................. 4‐53 General Background ............................................................................................. 4‐53 Secondary Hazards ............................................................................................... 4‐56 Exposure................................................................................................................ 4‐57 Vulnerability .......................................................................................................... 4‐57 Loss Estimation ..................................................................................................... 4‐57 4.6. Severe Weather .............................................................................................4‐61 Definiti ons ..............................................................................................................4‐61 General Background ..............................................................................................4‐61 Hazard Profile........................................................................................................ 4‐63 Secondary Hazards ...............................................................................................4‐68 Exposure Inventory ..............................................................................................4‐68 Vulnerability ..........................................................................................................4‐68 Loss Estimation .....................................................................................................4‐69 4.7. Tsunami ..........................................................................................................4‐71 Definiti ons ..............................................................................................................4‐71 General Background ..............................................................................................4‐71 Hazard Profile.......................................................................................................