A Highway Between the Bays

A Highway between the Bays

A Management Plan for the State Route 105 Corridor

December 1998

Prepared for the Communities of the SR 105 corridor by the:

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF T RANSPORTATION with Parametrix, Inc. Pacific Rim Resources Jones & Jones Larson Anthropological Archeological Services Ltd.

A Highway between the Bays

A Management Plan for the State Route 105 Corridor

December 1998

Prepared for the Communities of the SR 105 corridor by the:

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF T RANSPORTATION with Parametrix, Inc. Pacific Rim Resources Jones & Jones Larson Anthropological Archeological Services Ltd.

For more information regarding the Corridor Management Plan or SR 105 projects, contact:

Washington State Department of Transportation Olympic Region Transportation Planning P.O. Box 47440 Tumwater, WA 985047440 Contents

Part 1—The Highway and the Region 1

Planning for the Future of the SR 105 Corridor 1 The Waters’ Edge 5 Corridor Vision and Goals 13 From Vision to Action 14 Enhancement Themes [sidebar] 16

Part 2—Strategies & Projects 19 A Place between the Bays– 21 Corridor Enhancement Projects and Strategies Maintaining the Waters’ Edge Way of Life 22 Corridor Enhancements [sidebar] 23 Projects Map 25 Making Visitors Welcome 27 Corridor Enhancements [sidebar] 28 Projects Map 32 Telling the Stories of the Region 35 Interpretive Topics & Themes [sidebar] 38 Corridor Enhancements [sidebar] 39 Projects Map 40 A Safe and Pleasant Journey 43 Projects Map 47 Tourism & Quality of Life in the SR 105 Region 49

Part 3—Implementation 53 Taking the First Steps 55 Marketing the SR 105 Region 57 Project Development and Implementation 61 Implementation Roles & Activities [sidebar] 63 Developing Corridor Enhancement Projects [sidebar] 64 Project Funding 66 Project Development Case Study [sidebar] 67 Conclusion 71 Resources 73 Possible Sources for Project Funding 75 Technical Report Abstracts 81

Photo and Illustration Credits 84 Planning for the Future of the SR 105 Corridor

Imagine visiting the State Route 105 will still be more than a decade before George corridor near the turn of the past century. A Brown becomes the first non-native settler in large salmon cannery sits on pilings on the what will become Tokeland. Although it will North River, along with an active lumber mill. be another ten years before either the Grays In Tokeland, several hotels, including one Harbor or Cape Shoalwater lighthouses are built in the shape built, schooners of a beached ship, push into serve tourists Shoalwater Bay to coming to the buy oysters and region for holi- cranberries for days. The cannery the San Francisco at Warrenton market, booming employs dozens from the gold of diggers to rush and new harvest the razor development in clams along Pacific California. beaches. New cranberry picking machines are replacing traditional hand labor. The whaling This document looks at the changes station at Bay City is nearing the end of its operations but still supports an active whaling the SR 105 corridor will face in fleet. Timber from the uplands feeds mills in the future: Raymond and Aberdeen, then the finished The relationship between lumber is sent by ship or rail to markets on the east and west coasts. communities and the highway; What area residents have said Now imagine half a century previously, when they would like to see for the Native American villages still dot the coast and river and stream mouths. The large future of their communities; Native American settlements at Point Chehalis and and Toke Point are major trading centers. It How the highway can support residents’ vision.

1 For centuries, natural resources have been the The outstanding natural resources of this foundation for the region’s economy, whether unique landscape are still the foundation for a for salmon fishing, clamming, whaling, healthy, balanced economy. Today the cranberry harvesting, or, more recently, cranberry industry, shellfish farming, crabbing, tourism. Today, although the ties between stream and watershed restoration, the harvest- tourism and the region’s natural resources are ing of alternative forest products, and heri- still in place, the balance has changed dramati- tage and nature-based tourism are strong or cally and is likely to continue to change in the emerging industries. However, change will future. certainly continue in the corridor, and residents will find new ways to live and make their livelihoods.

ABERDEEN

2 What is a Corridor Management Plan?

SR 105 is a transportation corridor, main One purpose that the Corridor Management street, and State Scenic and Recreational Plan does not serve is to increase regulation Highway. The Corridor Management Plan along the corridor. The plan is intended to for SR 105 is an opportunity to look at all bring new resources into the region to work of the roles that the highway plays in the with existing jurisdictions and private land- economic health and quality of life of owners on an entirely voluntary basis: corridor communities. The plan is a document of ideas for enhancement of the · The SR 105 Corridor Management Plan highway and for community development will not change local land use authority or associated with the highway’s different roles. processes. The SR 105 Corridor Management Plan The primary purposes of the SR 105 Plan are will not increase state or federal involve- to: ment in local land use decisions. Document community interest in corridor Any actions or projects shown outside of enhancement and guide enhancement the right-of-way are entirely voluntary. projects; They may be implemented by local Promote partnerships for implementation jurisdictions through their existing of conservation and enhancement processes, or private landowners may activities; choose to implement them, but the plan Bring new resources to the corridor for does not have regulatory authority. project development and programs; Local jurisdictions or private property Support application for National Scenic owners will not be penalized if they Byway or All-American Road designation choose not to implement actions de- if local jurisdictions choose to seek it; and scribed in the plan. Promote coordination between corridor · Any property acquired for enhancements residents, communities, and agencies in (not to be confused with WSDOT making decisions about important Improvement Program projects for safety corridor issues. and mobility needs) will not be acquired by condemnation. All property acquired The Corridor Management to implement this plan will be by purchase or donation from a willing land- Plan encourages voluntary owner. partnerships for enhancement projects. It does not increase state or federal involvement in local land use decisions.

3 SR 105 Corridor Management Plan Development Process

Technical Process* Public Process

38 Stakeholder Interviews– Identify Community-Based Direction for Plan Development

3 Corridor-wide Public Inventory / Data Collection– Meetings / Newsletter– Identify Resources and Study Viewer Employed Photography Problems Develop Corridor Vision & Review Inventories

13 Stakeholder Interviews– Mid-Process Review of Plan Direction

Develop and Field Check 6 Community Workshops / Improvement Concepts and Newsletter– Options Identify Issues and Opportunities for Corridor Improvements

Draft Corridor Public Review & Comment– Management Plan Draft Corridor Management Plan

Final Corridor Management Plan Plan Endorsement

*A series of technical inventories and topic reports were developed as supporting documents for the SR 105 Corridor Management Plan. A summary of the technical documents can be found in the Resources section at the end of the plan.

4 The Waters Edge Celebrating a Unique Place & Unique Heritage

One of today’s familiar sights in the great water bodies, the highway running along SR 105 region is the graceful line of the forested hills, bay and harbor shorelines, and a Lady Washington as she sails the waters of narrow coastal strip tracing the edge of the Grays Harbor and the Pacific. The tall ship, sea. The story of the SR 105 region is the a faithful replica of the ship sailed by story of the two great bays that shape it and Captain Gray during the voyage on which he the ocean that connects them. first came to Grays Harbor, recalls an era of exploration and discovery of new peoples The Land & and places. Imagine the anticipation The Water that Captain Gray’s crew felt as they SR 105 follows a sailed the west section of low coast, passing forested hills headlands and river extending to the mouths, each new Pacific. The region is view enlarging their surrounded by the picture of the constant flow of river world. and ocean currents– forming eddies that What Gray and his drop sand and silt, or crew found, in the flow in a slow but area that is now the inexorable process that SR 105 region, was The Willapa River along SR 105 reshapes the landscape a place where land at the waters’ edge. It and water met in estuaries large and small, is a region where river flows are confused and forests rolled down hills to broad tidal mud reversed by tidal changes, Pacific currents are flats, and the Pacific surf ran over wide, flat hidden beneath swells and breaking waves, beaches. Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, two and rivers and ocean merge in estuarine bays. of the largest estuaries on the Pacific Coast, There is a slow and constant tug-of-war are separated by only 20 miles of coastline. between two of the region’s great rivers, the The SR 105 region is set between these two Willapa and Chehalis, and the currents of the Pacific Ocean.

5 While some areas of the Pacific Coast have region seem an entirely different place well-defined edges between rocky shores and between the tidal extremes. The intertidal the sea, the lines zones of both the between land and Pacific shoreline and water are blurred in the estuaries are some the SR 105 Region. of the Northwest’s Forested watersheds richest life zones, collect the coastal supporting diverse rains, feeding them ecosystems and into streams and contributing resources wetlands. The beach that have been vital to strand dissolves into the region’s cultural primordial swamp and economic behind the dune lines Native American canoe travelers on the shores of Willapa Bay development. These as hidden ground are the places for clams water flows come to the surface, supporting and oysters, shorebird feeding, and habitat for first, native cranberry and cedar swamp and young salmon and great blue heron. now, cultivated cranberry fields. Roosevelt Elk and salmon both make a The Willapa and connection between Chehalis Rivers feed the land and water– into two of the largest the elk migrating to estuarine bays on the the lowlands and west coast: Willapa estuarine marshes in Bay, shallow and search of winter food, complex as the river the salmon following channel winds its way their migration from to the ocean mouth, stream to estuary to and Grays Harbor, ocean and then back broad and deep with for spawning. its complexity held nearer to shore. Willapa Bay is the An early Willapa Bay oyster sloop healthiest large estuary Broad flat beaches on on the west coast. It the coast and tidal flats along the bayshores is also a place of remarkable beauty, where follow the edges of the SR 105 region. shallow water slowly rises and recedes over Changes in tides bring on dramatic mud flats in a constant interfingering of land transformations of the landscape, making the and reflected sky. Along the region’s north

6 leg, the Elk River flows into the most and other less abundant but diverse sources of ecologically intact estuary in the Pacific food, could all be had at the waters’ edge. Northwest as it reaches Grays Harbor. The Forestlands and the region’s extensive wetlands deeper shipping channels of Grays Harbor are were sources of plant materials for food and bordered by wetland margins and the fiber. Historic camas meadows, now gone, remnants of Native provided staple root American salmon foods. weirs, a reminder of the flow of fish that The SR 105 region was once was as occupied by two Native pronounced as the American groups: the ocean currents. Lower Chehalis people, primarily along the Cultures at the Grays Harbor shoreline, and the Shoalwater Bay Water’s Edge people along the northern shore of Native Americans Willapa Bay, who were made communities at Whalers at the Bay City whaling station pose with a sei whale of Chinook, Chehalis, the mouths of nearly and possible every river and stream, building winter Kwalhioqua ancestry. Both groups had extensive dwellings from the abundant cedar and spruce trading and social ties to other tribes of the region’s interior forestland. The throughout the region. Their largest village abundance of habitats sites, at Point Chehalis packed into this and the Tokeland relatively small region Peninsula, became the provided an essential sites for some of the diversity of resources earliest and most for food and other extensive development needs. in the region. These sites eventually became Salmon could be the communities of caught in shoreline Commercial clam diggers on the Pacific beach, circa 1900 Westport and weirs in Grays Harbor Tokeland. and Willapa Bay or as they entered the river mouths at the entrance to the upstream Although Native Americans made a transition spawning grounds. Clams and oysters from the into the wage labor workforce as non-native shorelines, and crabs, sea mammals, shorebirds, settlement spread, treaty negotiations were only

7 partially successful in guaranteeing the region’s of these industries. However, except for the Native Americans harvest of whales and permanent places in sea-otter, all have the region’s continued to be development. Non- important to the local native settlers were economy and culture. quick to transform the region’s natural From early days the resources into region has also been a commodities in the draw for tourists cash economy and traveling from often employed throughout the Native American Northwest to visit the residents to harvest ocean coast and bay the same materials shoreline. Arriving by that they had train, horse-carriage, A crab party in Tokeland, circa 1910 previously collected ferry or auto, tourists for their own use and trade. The Shoalwater stayed at elaborate early hotels, played in the Bay Reservation was established on Willapa water, and took advantage of the region’s Bay in 1866. abundant recreational opportunities. The unique natural resources of the The region’s SR 105 region have geography and natural shaped the region’s resources defined its continuing cultural early economic development. Local, development. The community-based SR 105 region industries were built extends from the around the harvest of communities at the salmon, oysters, clams, mouths of the marine mammals, region’s two great cranberries, and rivers, the Chehalis timber. Changes in and Willapa, to the the external market The highway winds through an upland section of the corridor mouths of their bays for these products and at the Pacific. Each cycles of overharvesting and diminished location along the rivers played a different resources have caused ebbs and flows in each role in the historical development of the region.

8 Raymond and Aberdeen developed into The Region Today industrial centers where timber was Modern recreational milled and shipped, travelers to the commodities were SR 105 region share loaded onto ships for some of the same trade, and the region’s anticipation that maritime industry was Captain Gray’s crew built. At the mouths felt as they were of both harbors traveling along constantly shifting Washington’s coast. sands have made for They come to see new dangerous shipping places, understand channels that have other ways of life, and been the sites for make their own small many shipwrecks even discoveries in a into the modern era. landscape of constant change. They come These difficult here for the different entries into both experiences this region ports led to the Early logging on the North River offers as a contrast to development of their everyday lives. navigational aids including the region’s two historic For residents of the lighthouses, the region, the unique lifesaving crews that resources that draw were based at the travelers here from mouth of each harbor, throughout the and the current Northwest and the U.S. Coast Guard base nation are the in Westport that backdrop and continues to safeguard substance of lives that shipping traffic along could not be lived in the Pacific Coast and quite the same way in the two bays. anywhere else. The pace and texture of The Westport Maritime Museum local lifestyles are one of the region’s most important characteristics.

9 Residents of the region are its caretakers and Challenges for the Future placemakers, and they are an integral part of what makes this place unique. Life in the corridor today has historical roots in the It is a dynamic time along the SR 105 harvest and management of salmon, oysters, corridor. The cranberry industry is thriving, clams, crabs, cranberries, and timber. All are a and new approaches to tourism, such as whale part of modern life and will be a foundation watching in Westport, are beginning to catch for future lifestyles and communities. on. The Shoalwater Casino is bringing new visitors into the region, and many other Relatively recent additions to the region— businesses are starting up or continuing their including Twin Harbors and Grayland State success. At the same time, as in many rural Parks, maritime museums in Westport and regions that have relied on natural resources Raymond, the Westport Marina and dune for their livelihoods, some businesses are trail, and smaller improvements scattered struggling to adapt to a changing economy. throughout corridor communities—have helped to support local lifestyles and welcome In the near term, corridor communities are recreational travelers. They have also helped facing several important issues, including: to maintain the connection between the region’s past and the present. Continued Continued erosion of Washaway Beach work on projects like these will contribute to threatens the highway, property, and the conservation of the region’s natural and nearby cranberry bogs; cultural heritage, and maintain the foundation Stormwater on the highway through for a regional way of life. Grayland is a continuing safety concern; · Power poles close to the highway through Grayland and North Cove are a safety concern, and reliable power supply is critical to the cranberry industry; and

Oyster harvesting on Willapa Bay, circa 1910

10 The new prison at Stafford Creek will Harbor Water District No. 1 is planning introduce new traffic and development to replace a water main under SR 105 into the corridor along with new jobs. through Grayland. Since this project will affect SR 105, there may be an opportu- Each of these issues may bring significant, and nity to combine this project with other possibly unwelcome, change to the region. drainage and highway improvements. In each case, some activity is currently under- The PUD is currently planning to way to find and implement solutions: develop a new substation in Grayland. It may be possible to use this opportunity to The Corps of Engineers began, in relocate problem power poles. summer 1998, to place rock groins at The recent agreement between the several locations along Washaway Beach Friends of Grays Harbor and the Depart- and dredge the middle channel in Willapa ment of Corrections has resolved some of Bay in an attempt to slow or stop shore the concerns over the prison’s impact on line erosion. WSDOT constructed a dike water quality and wetlands. in Willapa Bay to slow erosive currents and redirect them away from Washaway Beach. Grays Harbor County completed a Flood Hazard Reduction Plan which targets specific stormwater problems identified by a community focus group. Currently the County and WSDOT are collaborat- ing to design and implement the projects identified in the plan. Drainage solutions need coordinated effort and voluntary participation of adjacent property owners—most of the solutions require Cranberry harvesting in Grayland drainage improvements outside of the right-of-way and outside of WSDOT’s direct control. In addition, the Grays

The Corridor Manage- ment Plan takes a long- term view for corridor development.

11 For the longer term, residents and communi- help maintain the region’s quality of life by ties along the corridor continue to search for guiding tourists toward areas that have been new opportunities to diversify their economic developed to support tourism impacts and base. SR 105 has a role in supporting away from those that are not, and informing regional economic health. This is an oppor- visitors about the unique and valuable re- tunity for the highway to work better as a sources of the region. State Scenic and Recreational Highway and actively contribute to the health of the The projects and strategies described in the region’s tourism economy. Corridor Management Plan are a combination of ideas: some that may already be in progress Tourism has been important to the region’s and new ideas from corridor residents that are economy for almost 100 years. Today, the consistent with an overall approach to corri- most apparent opportunity for the highway dor development. One of the primary system to contribute to the region is as a purposes of this plan is to help communities better facility for tourists, with enhanced find new ways to complete projects—by signs, viewpoints, interpretive displays, and bringing partners with similar interests information kiosks. Relatively low-cost together to do projects, by pointing the way projects, completed over time in a coordinated to grant funding sources, or both. plan, could significantly improve the corridor. At the same time, these improvements could

Tokeland beach scene, circa 1900

12 Corridor Vision and Goals As developed by community participants Corridor Vision Statement Plan Goals and Objectives

❛❛The State Route 105 corridor is a vital During the public involvement process there economic and community link for area was much discussion about community values residents and a tourist gateway to the natural and issues. This discussion is summarized and scenic resources of the region. State below in the form of goal statements that lay Route 105 passes through a series of wonder- out the key concerns and aspirations of ful and diverse landscapes such as forests, participants in the planning process. They have been used to guide the development of cranberry bogs, and historic seaports and action strategies and other corridor improve- settlements. The corridor also provides access ments. to employment and services, the Pacific Ocean, bays, estuaries, and recreation centers. The Goal 1: Maintain the Waters’ Edge Way of Life SR 105 corridor is envisioned as: The corridor has a historic and economic connection to the water for both recreational Providing safe and efficient traffic move- and employment purposes. The pace of life is ment for all users through this rich slower and the area is generally uncrowded. landscape. Goal 2: Welcome Visitors to the Region Respecting and helping to showcase the Tourism is recognized as an increasingly natural, cultural, and historic resources of important part of the local economy and the corridor; and contributing to the should be encouraged in balance with the enjoyment and enhancement of the rural lifestyle and pristine natural resources. scenic, natural, historic, recreational, and Visitors should be provided with the means to learn more about the region and its unique wildlife resources of the area for visitors features. and residents alike. Goal 3: Tell the Stories of the Region Supporting and respecting the many The region has a rich natural and cultural livelihoods and communities which are heritage. Visitors should be provided with the intimately tied to the resources of the chance to see and understand natural areas area. within and along the corridor. Additionally, the corridor itself can be used as an interpre- Providing linkages and accessibility for tive opportunity for the ocean-based way of many different types of users, including life. persons in wheelchairs, bicyclists and pedestrians, in addition to personal and Goal 4: Provide for a Safe and Pleasant Journey commercial vehicles. SR 105 also serves as a utility corridor.❜❜ Address public concerns about highway safety and capacity for both motorized vehicles and bicycles.

13 From Vision to Action

This plan is intended to foster indepen- discussed briefly in this section and described dent and partnered efforts for corridor in more detail in Part 2. enhancement over the next 20 years and beyond. The challenge for the SR 105 The Department of Transportation can play a corridor is to find strategies and projects to role in coordinating project development and make the vision and may be a partner in goals a reality. At providing partial community meetings funding, but it is throughout the unlikely that corridor, residents, WSDOT can solely jurisdictions, and fund many of the agency representatives projects described in identified opportuni- the plan. Although ties for projects and corridor jurisdictions strategies to imple- and agencies may ment the corridor support the comple- vision. Projects ranged Recently constructed public restrooms in South Bend tion of projects in from the development the plan, most of the of view pullouts and intersection improve- projects are currently not funded, and support ments to the development of new parks and of the corridor management plan does not areas for resource access. commit potential partners to complete projects. Ideas for corridor conservation and enhancement followed four major categories, A coordinated effort between corridor or “enhancement themes,” that are taken from jurisdictions, local interest groups, private the project goals. Each enhancement sector stakeholders, and state and federal theme—Maintaining the Waters’ Edge Way of agencies is the most feasible approach to Life, Making Visitors Welcome, Telling the bring new resources into the corridor. The Stories of the Region, and A Safe and projects in the plan are intended to benefit Pleasant Journey—includes projects and the region’s communities and will need strategies related to a key aspect of the community leadeship for implementation. corridor. The enhancement themes are Jurisdictions, agencies, civic groups, and

14 corridor residents all have potential roles to The following two pages introduce the play in selecting and completing projects. enhancement themes. The next section, Part 2 of the Corridor Management Plan, takes a The types of projects described in the plan more thorough look at each of these enhance- are eligible for grant funding from a wide ment themes and the specific projects that variety of sources. Some of these, such as might support them. National Scenic Byway Program and Trans- portation Enhancement funding, are trans- Part 3 of the plan includes a broad strategy portation-related and would include some for marketing the corridor to travelers and involvement from WSDOT. However, there supporting tourism development. This section are other funding sources, such as Aquatic also discusses possibilities for implementation Lands Enhancement Act (ALEA) grants and of Corridor Management Plan projects. Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recre- ation funding, available to communities that would only include WSDOT participation if the project directly affected the highway.

15 Enhancement Theme: Enhancement Theme: Maintaining the Waters’ Edge Way Making Visitors Welcome of Life

Area residents value their way of life and Tourism has both positive and negative the natural resources that support it. effects on a region. Economically, Whether residents are employed in an tourism is an important contributor to a industry that relies on upland, wetland, diversified economic base, contributing marine, or estuarine resources or they have about $94 million per year to simply chosen to live in the region Washington’s coastal areas. However, because of its sense of community and tourism can also put stresses on the natural setting, there is a good life to be highway and local road systems and made in the region, and residents want to interfere with residents as they go about maintain what they value. their daily lives. Tourism development strategies need to enhance the positive Specific strategies and action opportuni- economic benefits of tourism in the ties for this enhancement theme include: corridor, while avoiding negative physical Opportunities for new or improved and social impacts as much as possible. access to natural areas; Projects to build awareness and Specific strategies and action areas for stewardship of watersheds, water this enhancement theme include: resources, and water quality; and Constructing viewpoints and turn- Projects to “put tourism in its place” outs; by focusing tourism activities to Providing visitor information at reduce negative impacts on the visitor centers and kiosks; region’s quality of life. Improving signs guiding travelers to the SR 105 corridor; Improving signs identifying travel attractions along the corridor; Continuing billboard and off- premise advertising sign control; and Improving information about corridor festivals and other special events.

16 Part 2 Strate&es & Projects A Place Between the Bays Corridor Enhancement Projects and Strategies

The SR 105 region is defined by its bays– shipping, and aquaculture. Yet, despite the Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay–and its region’s historic and natural attractions relationship to the Pacific Ocean. It is, in the SR 105 communities are more out-of-the-way, words of one community planning partici- secluded, diverse, and relaxed than most other pant, one of the “best kept secrets” along the coastal experiences in the western United Washington coast. Along with Long Beach, States. Ocean Shores and the north beaches, and La Push/Kalaloch, the region is one of the In the community meetings held to develop few places in Washington where travelers can the Corridor Management Plan, residents, easily reach the Pacific shoreline. jurisdictions and agencies discussed their goals for the corridor and came forward with a variety of projects to support these goals. Chief among these goals were maintaining a small town/rural way of life, managing growth and change, and making visitors welcome.

This section of the plan takes a closer look at each of the four corridor enhancement themes, as well as projects and strategies that support them.

The ideas in this section are intended to support development that is right for the corridor–a natural extension of what is already working.

The region has unique natural systems with Change and growth are numerous opportunities for eco-tourism. The best when they happen region also has a rich heritage related to its location on the sea, including whaling, slowly, piece by piece.

21 Maintaining the Waters Edge Way of Life

In community planning meetings the The projects that are included in this section residents of the region who helped develop of the plan support the important connec- the SR 105 plan spoke of the importance of tions in the region, especially recognizing the the region’s way of life. Residents valued value that residents place on their ties to aspects of the region that spoke to its many water-dependent resources of the ocean, bays, connections, including: and bogs. They are projects that:

Ties between lifestyle and livelihood. Help conserve the natural resources that Ties between current residents and the support the region’s way of life, region’s history. Provide new or improved places for Ties from neighbor to neighbor and corridor residents to maintain and community to community. celebrate their sense of community, and Ties to the land and water and their Provide new physical connections to the natural systems. key resources of the corridor—shorelines, estuaries, rivers and streams.

The spirit of this section–to sustain and nurture the unique culture of the SR 105 region–is carried out in more than just the projects listed in this section. Nearly all of the projects in the plan were suggested by corridor residents and meet their vision for the region’s future. That vision is for a place that develops new opportunities while maintaining its unique character.

An SR 105 Region residence Future improvements to The strong ties between people, places, and the SR 105 corridor need community along the corridor are clear in residents’ choices of livelihood, recreation, to respect and maintain social activities, and community involvement. what’s working now. These most valued aspects of the region are working well, and they need to be nurtured and maintained.

22 Corridor Enhancements for Maintaining the Waters Edge Way of Life

Improved Resource Access Natural Resource Awareness

One of the key aspects of quality of life Building awareness of the region’s in the region is connection to natural natural and cultural heritage can resources. New or improved public access promote understanding and sites to the region’s shorelines and water- appreciation of the corridor’s “natural ways will help region residents benefit infrastructure.” Highway signs from the surrounding natural resources. recognizing stream crossings, especially of salmon-bearing streams, can increase awareness and stewardship of these Recreation Opportunities resources. Recreation opportunities, including recreational sports fields, trails, boat launches, shellfish harvesting, fishing and others can be improved for local residents.

Access and facility development are both important to maintaining and improving local quality of life.

Tourism Focus Areas Tourism is important to the regional economy, but it can have negative impacts on day-to-day life. Specific projects can focus tourism activities in areas that have the capacity to support them and reduce tourism impacts in areas that are not appropriate for visitors.

23 : ,” ‘,

., .:. : washaway Beach

Shoreline Access Concept

Washaway Beach is a popular location for Beach and improve privacy for nearby both residents and visitors to the SR 105 residents. (This project would not be region. Currently there are limited developed until after the beach is stabi- facilities at Washaway Beach access loca- lized.) tions. A developed parking area with restrooms and trash receptacles would improve the opportunity to visit Washaway

24 Improvements with No Funding 15 Milepost: Approx. 23.0 – 25.0 A Safe and Pleasant Location: North Cove to Grayland Source Identified, State Highway Description: Explore options for utility Journey pole undergrounding System Plan (1999-2018) Funding: WSDOT, Grays Harbor PUD Improvements with Funding Sources Possible Implementation Partners: 9 Milepost: 0.00 – 0.56 WSDOT, Grays Harbor PUD, Grays Identified, State Highway System Location: SR 101 to Lombard Street Harbor Water District No. 1 Description: Turn lane channelization Plan (1999-2018) Funding: WSDOT - Mobility 16 Milepost: 25.35 – 30.28 Possible Implementation Partners: Location: Grayland to Westport 1 Milepost: 30.28 – 30.29 WSDOT Description: Develop partnerships and Location: SR105/Westport Spur Intersection implement roadway drainage improvements Description: Intersection reconstruction – 10 Milepost: 5.00 – 21.00 as identified in South Coastal and scheduled for October, 1999. Location: Various Locations Grayland Flood Hazard Management Plans. Funding: WSDOT – Safety Description: Purchase of access rights Funding: WSDOT, private Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT Funding: WSDOT - Mobility Possible Implementation Partners: Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT, private, Grays Harbor Water 2 Milepost: 30.28 – 35.38 WSDOT District No. 1 Location: Westport Spur/Schafer Road to Ocosta/Myrtle Road N. 11 Milepost: 16.00 – 27.50 17 Milepost: approx. 29 Description: Intermittent passing lanes Location: Washaway Beach Location: Twin Harbors State Park Funding: WSDOT - Mobility Description: New corridor and Description: Develop pedestrian bridge Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT realignment, pending outcome of connecting campground to beach area. erosion containment. Funding: State Parks 3 Milepost: 33.31 – 33.58 Funding: WSDOT - Mobility Possible Implementation Partners: Location: Vicinity of Bay City Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT Description: Potential realignment WSDOT Funding: WSDOT - Safety 18 Location: Westport to Ocean Shores Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT SR 105 Corridor Description: Initiate car ferry service Funding: Private, public 4 Milepost: 36.50 – 37.50 Management Plan Suggestions Possible Implementation Partners: Private, Location: Markham – Johns River vicinity public Description: Channelization 12 Location: Entire corridor Funding: WSDOT – Safety Description: Designate SR 105 as the 19 Location: Stafford Creek Prison Entrance Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT coastal extension of the cross-state Description: Construct intersection with bicycle trail and improve to minimum left turn channelization at prison access 5 Milepost: 37.34 – 44.50 bicycle touring route standards. road. Location: Johns River Bridge to east of Funding: WSDOT – Economic Funding: Department of Corrections Chapin Creek Initiatives, State Parks, City of Possible Implementation Partners: DOC, Description: Intermittent passing lanes Aberdeen WSDOT. Funding: WSDOT - Mobility Possible Implementation Partners: Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT WSDOT, State Parks, City of Aberdeen 6 Milepost: 40.50 Location: Near intersection with Gray Street 13 Milepost: 18.60 Description: Improve highway drainage Location: Tokeland Road intersection A Safe and Pleasant Journey structure to eliminate restriction to fish Description: Review speed zoning and passage at this location. pedestrian amenities. Funding: WSDOT – Environmental Retrofit Funding: WSDOT, Shoalwater Bay Improvements with Funding Sources Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT Tribe Possible Implementation Partners: Identified, State Highway System Plan 7 Milepost: 47.16 – 47.29 WSDOT, Shoalwater Bay Tribe Location: Calhoun Road vicinity to Coolidge (1999-2018) Road 14 Location: Tokeland Road Description: Potential realignment or Description: Develop bicycle/ Improvements with No Funding Source guardrail installation pedestrian pathway from tribal center Funding: WSDOT – Safety to Tokeland commercial center Identified, State Highway System Plan Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT Funding: Competitive transportation enhancements, local (1999-2018) 8 Milepost: 47.66 – 48.76 Possible Implementation Partners: Location: Boone Spur to US 101 Shoalwater Bay Tribe, Pacific County Description: Realign junction, pending SR 105 Corridor regional and local discussion Funding: WSDOT - Mobility Management Plan Suggestions Possible Implementation Partners: WSDOT Making Visitors Welcome

Tourism is one of the region’s clear Some, for example, are shifting to other opportunities for economic development and resources, such as crabbing or fishing for diversification. The challenge is to find the bottom-fish. Others are marketing existing or right way to develop new non-harvesting tourism, so that tourism activities, such as residents and busi- kite-flying, bicycling, nesses can make the surfing and whale watch- most of tourism’s ing. benefits and minimize tourism’s impacts. Much of the recent activity in tourism devel- During the opment throughout the community-based region has focused on planning effort opin- nature-based tourism (also ions and ideas were A past directional sign along State Route 105 called ecotourism) and expressed which ranged heritage tourism. Both of from concern over altering the rural/small these markets are growing and could comple- town way of life in the region to a recogni- ment recreational tourism in the corridor. tion that corridor communities need an Nature-based and heritage tourism share the economic boost. For many, tourism was seen advantage that they are oriented toward as a way of achieving, in part, that economic understanding and valuing the natural and boost. But increased emphasis on tourism cultural resources of the region. must be tempered with care for the region’s fragile natural and social environment. This section of the plan describes corridor improvements providing visitors with: Tourism, like many of the other economic sectors in the SR 105 region, is resource- Opportunities to enjoy the region’s based. Like many other resource-based resources, industries in the region, tourism has changed Information they need to find their way in response to changes in its resource base. In and make short-term travel decisions, the past, the region relied on recreational and sport fishing and clam-digging as primary Services they need, such as viewpoints or draws for travelers. With the declining public restrooms, to make their trip availability of those resources for harvest, enjoyable. businesses serving tourists are finding new ways to attract tourism. Tourism–done the right way– brings economic benefits without losing the character of the region.

27 Corridor Enhancements for Improving the Visitor Experience:

Visitor Information Centers Travel Information Kiosks Visitor Information Centers are facilities Travel information kiosks are freestanding that provide travelers with an introduc- structures located at viewpoints or pull- tion to the region and answer questions outs. Information included on kiosks will about services and attractions. Existing vary, but can include general orientation Visitor Information Centers in maps, information on hotels, camp- Raymond and Westport and a planned grounds, and other tourist services as well new facility in Aberdeen at the Aberdeen as changing seasonal information such as Landing project fill the current need for calendars of festivals and events. the corridor. These facilities will be important in any future coordinated marketing of the corridor.

Viewpoints Viewpoints are typically pulloffs adjacent to the highway. They provide a place to stop safely, get out of your car, and enjoy the scenery. If the setting provides an opportunity, viewpoints may also be interpretive and recreational areas. When they are large enough, viewpoints can serve as slow vehicle pullouts. Considerations for siting viewpoints include the quality of the Historic stone wall at a viewpoint view, safe exit from and re-entry to the overloooking the Pacific Ocean. highway, and adequate space for parking and internal circulation.

28 Corridor Enhancements for Improving the Visitor Experience (cont.)

Public Rest Rooms Public rest rooms are very important to recreational and commercial drivers. They can also be magnets for new community development activities. Public rest rooms could be provided at a full rest area, as a small addition to an existing visitor center, or a chemical toilet at a boat launch site. Over the long term, maintenance of restroom facilities is a much higher cost than the initial construction. Public restrooms in South Bend Attraction Signs Consistent, reliable use of attraction signs throughout the corridor will enhance the travel experience as well as provide an effective marketing tool for local businesses. It may be possible to include signing on Highway 101 to encourage travelers to take the coast route.

Private off-premises advertising along scenic highways is controlled by federal and state policies. As an alternative to these off-premise signs, the familiar blue and brown highway signs are available to advise travelers about travel-related services and major GRAYLAND destinations, such as state parks or historical museums BEACH or area businesses that serve traveler needs. These signs are important to both the travelers that rely on A concept for new beach signs along SR 105 them and the businesses that use them.

29 Corridor Enhancements for Improving the Visitor Experience:(cont.)

Wayfinding Signing Wayfinding signs fulfill three important functions: Get travelers headed towards the right road; Reassure them they are on the right road; and Inform them of how far they are from major destinations. Each of these functions is important to A Coastal Corridor sign on US 101 near Olympia SR 105 and needs to be improved. incorporates a route logo to identify the highway for travelers. Along a scenic and recreational highway route signs can also be used to display a corridor logo and contribute to the sense that the route is a unique destination with its own regional identity

New direction signs in Raymond and Aberdeen could improve traveler information about using SR 105 as an alternative to US 101.

30 Typical View Pul1out

Where there is enough space betwen the highway and the shoreline viewpoints such as the one above could be developed along Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay. Viewpoints are amenities for both visitors and residents, and they also can be effective slow-traffic pullouts also.

31 Making Visitors Welcome

1. SR 105 Directional Signing from 4. Aberdeen Sports Park 8. Elk Watching Pullout at South US 101 and SR 12 See under “Waters’ Edge Way of Bay Location: Various locations in and Life,” p.25 Location: approx. MP 31.00 around Aberdeen and Raymond. Description: Viewpoint over Description: There is an opportu- 5. Grays Harbor Viewpoints East Bay, tidal flats, and nity to improve the signs for Location: Several locations seasonal elk grazing areas. directing travelers to SR 105 and Description: Several locations Project Elements: Access to clearly indicate that SR 105 is a along Grays Harbor provide the improvements, parking, through route connecting necessary space to develop interpretive displays. Raymond and Aberdeen. The roadside viewpoints. Possible Partners: WSDOT, effectiveness of signing could be Project Elements: Acceleration Grays Harbor County, Port of improved if coordinated with a and deceleration lane improve- Grays Harbor, potentially logo and route name for the ments, parking, interpretive several state agencies. SR 105 corridor. displays. Project Elements: Directional and Possible Partners: WSDOT, 9. Westport Tourism Signing logo signs. Grays Harbor County, Port of Location: Various locations Possible Partners: WSDOT Grays Harbor, potentially along SR 105 several state agencies. Description: Westport’s travel 2. SR 105 Reassurance Signing attractions, including the Location: Along SR 105, espe- 6. Johns River Watchable Maritime Museum, the Grays cially westbound from Aberdeen/ Wildlife Site Harbor Light, existing and Cosmopolis. See under “Waters’ Edge Way of proposed beach access loca- Description: A combination of Life,” p.25 tions, the observation tower, route signs showing the corridor and the boardwalk, are difficult designation, and mileage signs 7. Bay City Tourist Information to find for first-time visitors. reassuring travelers they are Kiosk Improved signing could provide heading towards their intended Location: Several possible clearer direction to these destination. locations in or near Bay City. features. Project Elements: Logo and Description: Development of a Project Elements: Attraction information signs. tourist information kiosk and signs, some possibly including Possible Partners: WSDOT interpretive displays introduc- an SR 105 logo. ing travelers to the Westport/ Possible Partners: WSDOT, 3. Aberdeen Landing and the Grays Grayland area, and interpreting Private Harbor Historic Seaport Bay City’s cultural history. Location: Aberdeen Project Elements: Access 10. Westport Viewing Tower Description: This existing project improvements, parking, tourist Improvements can serve a valuable role as a information kiosk, interpretive Location: Westport waterfront visitor orientation facility to displays. Description: This funded SR 105. The Grays Harbor Possible Partners: WSDOT, project will develop a picnic Historic Seaport is an important Grays Harbor County, other area and low viewing platform tourism resource that should be state agencies, private at the base of the existing included in SR 105 information viewing tower. and itineraries. Project Elements: Picnic Project Elements: Visitor infor- tables, landscape improvements, mation center, restrooms, interpre- accessible viewing platform at tive displays and activities. the breakwater. Possible Partners: Private, City of Possible Partners: Port of Aberdeen, Port of Grays Harbor Grays Harbor, City of Westport, Private. 32 11. Twin Harbors Park Wetland 13. Cranberry Interpretive Area 16. Shoalwater Bay Tribe Information Interpretive Trail Location: Grayland adjacent to SR Kiosk Location: Twin Harbors State 105 Location: Intersection of SR 105 Park Description: Visitors to the corridor and Tokeland Road Description: The backdune are fascinated by Grayland’s cranberry Description: The Shoalwater Bay wetlands along SR 105 are a fields, but there are limited opportuni- Reservation and town of Tokeland fascinating, but hidden, resource. ties to see them from SR 105 and learn are important visitor resources. An interpretive trail could provide how they work. The fields are acces- This kiosk will provide visitor the opportunity to experience these sible from the backroads along SR orientation information, and also unique habitats and understand an 105, but tourist traffic on those roads provides an opportunity to important part of the corridor is unsafe, and interferes with cranberry interpret the culture and history of water cycle. operations. This project would develop the Shoalwater Bay Tribe and Project Elements: Directional an interpretive wayside along SR 105 in Tokeland. signs, day parking, surface or one of the locations where the cran- Possible Partners: Shoalwater Bay boardwalk wetland trail, interpre- berry fields are visible from the Tribe, WSDOT, Private tive displays. highway. Interpretive displays would Possible Partners: State Parks, describe cranberry farming operations 17. Tokeland Fishing Pier / Boat Dept. of Ecology, Private, other and history. Launch Improvements state agencies Project Elements: Improved access, See under “Waters’ Edge parking, interpretive displays Way of Life,” p. 25 12. Twin Harbors State Park Visitor Possible Partners: WSDOT, Private Information Center 18. Willapa Bay Viewpoints Location: State Parks parking and 14. Washaway Beach Viewpoint Location: Various locations along beach access area off Schaeffer Location: Approx. MP 20.00 Willapa Bay (approx. MP 9.20 & Road at Twin Harbors State Park. Description: This existing pulloff MP 5.00-6.00) Description: This location offers spectacular views to the Pacific, Description: Views over Willapa provides the first Pacific coast but is too small to develop amenities Bay are one of the highlights of access directly along SR 105 for such as restrooms. This site could be driving SR 105, but there are few southbound travelers, and is developed in coordination with a larger opportunities to stop safely along adjacent to the visitor resources of beach access project, described below to this stretch of the highway. Twin Harbors State Park. A provide visitor access and services at Developed viewpoints could visitors center in this location Washaway Beach. include tideland access if appro- could provide information on Project Elements: Improved access, priate, and interpretive displays. beach access and use, as well as interpretive display Project Elements: Access other recreation, food, and lodging Possible Partners: WSDOT, State improvements, auto and RV information. This would also be Parks parking, interpretive displays. Making Visitors Welcome an opportunity provide a major Possible Partners: WSDOT public restroom facility for 15. Washaway Beach Beach Access and travelers, and to interpret the Visitor Information Site 19. Smith Creek Boat Launch Pacific beach’s natural and Location: MP 20.00 See under “Waters’ Edge cultural heritage. Description: Washaway Beach is an Way of Life,” p.25 Project Elements: Visitors center important visitor attraction, and the building, expanded restrooms, first real sand beach for travelers interpretive materials, possible heading north along SR 105. This elevated viewing to provide project would develop parking, sightlines over the dunes to the restrooms, interpretive displays and Pacific. beach access for day use along this Possible Partners: State Parks, section of the beach. WSDOT, Local Juraisdictions, Project Elements: Access improve- Private ments, car and RV parking, restroom, interpretive displays, beach access. Possible Partners: WSDOT, State Parks

Telling the Stories of the Region

For thousands of years people have been also a way to share knowledge about the making their lives at this edge of the water region’s unique resources and the interaction and the land. Combin- of the cultures that ing natural resources have grown here with from the bays, the those resources. Pacific, the region’s rivers and streams, and Interpretation the forested hillsides, promotes awareness residents here have and understanding made lives very differ- of corridor re- ent from inland folk. sources, enhances the For today’s residents, travel experience by the natural and cultural deepening a visitor’s diversity of the region Life saving practice at North Cove, circa 1910 understanding of the is a familiar day-to-day region, and in the experience. For visitors to the corridor, the best of cases, builds a connection between region is new and exciting, filled with the people and place—explaining what makes the potential for discovery region unique, and and understanding. why it is important.

One of the most This section intro- satisfying rewards of duces two different travel is to develop a parts of a regional better understanding interpretive approach. of new places and the The first part is a way unique history and to organize and focus cultures of the people corridor interpretive who live in them. stories. The “Inter- Interpretation, pretive Topics and whether through The Tokeland Hotel basket room, circa 1910 Themes” sidebar interpretive signs, following this section museums, or other means, is a way to offer is a framework for presenting the stories of travelers a more satisfying experience. It is the corridor to visitors. Themes and story

35 topics aren’t interpretive stories themselves; All the varied relationships instead they describe a way to tell the stories of the region to reflect the values of corridor of water and land are residents and the most important aspects of distilled here, concentrated the region’s resources. along a sixty mile stretch

The second part describes some of the tools of highway. that make sense for the beginning steps of an expanded corridor interpretive system. As in other sections of the plan, these tools include physical improvements for presenting interpretion to visitors–for example interpretive signs and kiosks.

Finally, the map following this section brings these two aspects of a corridor interpretive approach together by describing possible locations and interpretive topics for development.

36 Sea otter hunting platform along the Pacific coast

37 Interpretive Topics and Themes

Living at the Edge of Land and Water

Natural History of the Waters’ Edge The ecology and natural processes of the SR 105 Corridor

There’s life in the mud—tideflats are a rich habitat. Estuaries large and small play key roles in aquatic ecology. The health of the water is tied to the land. Salmon are a species that connect the water and the land. Shorelines are dynamic—beachbuilding and erosion are natural processes. A crooked path from the hillside to the sea—backdune wetlands are an important link in the water cycle. Hidden habitats—backdune wetlands are a little-known, but unique and important habitat type. Just a stop on the way—shorebird habitat for resident vs. migratory species. Unwelcome visitors—spartina and green crabs are changing the region’s estuaries.

Lifeways at the Waters’ Edge The interaction between the peoples and natural resources of the SR 105 Corridor

Ties between people and the land have shaped both cultures and ecosystems. Wood, especially cedar, has been an essential material for housing and tools. Seasonal migrations of salmon species have set the tempo for people’s life here for thousands of years. From gathering to farming, oyster harvesting has changed through time, but has always been an important part of life here. Understanding of natural processes has changed through time, and ideas about resource management have also changed. Natural resources are the foundation of the region’s economy. Stewardship of these resources is necessary to maintain the region’s ecological and economic health. Cranberry harvest, like many other corridor resources, began as subsistence collection of a native resource, and has gone through a series of transformations. Clamming has changed from an important economic sector along the coast to a recreational activity, but it remains a central part of coastal culture. The region’s setting at the mouths of Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay has made it a center for maritime- related activity–from lighthouses to lifesaving. Salmon fishing has moved from harvest to hatcheries to watershed restoration.

38 Corridor Enhancements for Interpretation

Museums and Interpretive Centers Interpretive Brochures Museums and interpretive centers are Brochures can be designed to interpret important interpretive facilities in the different types of resources, from the region that tell stories in depth. They are entire corridor to an individual trail. also parts of their community, helping For SR 105, a region-wide brochure to maintain and promote regional could help to reinforce the identity of heritage. Along SR 105 there are several the corridor. Advantages of brochures existing interpretive facilities including include low cost and the ability to the Westport Maritime Museum and the interpret topics that aren’t represented Willapa Seaport Museum in Raymond. well by individual sites. Obtaining capital and operational funding for interpretive centers is usually an ongoing challenge.

Interpretive Kiosks or Signs Kiosks and signs are useful ways to present information for a variety of settings. One advantage of signs and kiosks is the fixed presence to remind users of the value of the resource. Disadvantages to interpretive signs can include maintenance and vandalism problems and a lack of flexibility to change the interpretive message.

A carved totem is featured in an interpretive site developed by the Jamestown S’Klallam.

39 Telling the Stories of the Region

1. SR 105 Interpretive Map & 5. Johns River Watchable Wild- 9. Westport Maritime History Brochure / Tape life Site—See also under “Waters’ Trail—See also under “Waters’ Location: Entire corridor Edge Way of Life,” p.25 Edge Way of Life,” p.25 Description: A corridor-wide Description: Interpretive panel Description: Pamphlet to interpretive brochure providing at the existing Watchable support walking tour, sup- an overall picture of the Wildlife Area. Potential for ported by interpretive signs at corridor and its natural and self-guided land and water selected sites. cultural heritage. interpretive trails with pam- Interpretive Themes: History, Interpretive Themes: All phlet. Lifeways Interpretive Themes: Natural Supporting Stories: History 2. Aberdeen Landing and the History, lifeways of habitation of Point Grays Harbor Historical Supporting Stories: Manage- Chehalis, from Native Ameri- Seaport ment of the John’s River can village and trading center Description: Interpretation Wildlife area for waterfowl to modern-day Westport. either interior or exterior to the habitat. History of Fort Chehalis. Aberdeen Landing Visitor Coastal navigation, shipwrecks information Center. 6. Bottle Beach State Park—See and lighthouses. Interpretive Themes: Lifeways also under “Waters’ Edge Way of & History Life,” p.25 10. Westport Viewing Tower Supporting Stories: Grays Description: Interpretive signs Improvements— See also under Harbor maritime industry, at improved parking lot, site- “Making Visitors Welcome,” p.32 Lady Washington and Grays specific interpretive pamphlet. Description: Interpretive signs Harbor Historical Seaport. Interpretive Themes: Natural integrated into day-use im- History provements 3. Aberdeen Sports Park— See Supporting Stories: Shorebird Interpretive Themes: also under “Waters’ Edge Way of species and life history, erosion Lifeways, Natural History Life,” p.25 and shoreline processes, inter- Supporting Stories: Fishing Description: Interpretive panels tidal habitat. fleet and practices, grey whale integrated into visitor informa- natural history and migration, tion kiosk. 7. Bay City Tourist Information historic sea otter hunting. Interpretive Themes: History, Kiosk—See also under “Making Lifeways Visitors Welcome,” p.32 11. Twin Harbors Park Wetland Supporting Stories: Railroad Description: Interpretive signs Interpretive Trail—See also development, historic recre- developed along with visitor under “Making Visitors ation, Historic Aberdeen and information kiosk Welcome,” p.32 Markham industrial develop- Interpretive Themes: History, Description: The backdune ment. Lifeways, Elk River NRCA wetlands along SR 105 are a Supporting Stories: Bay City fascinating, but hidden, 4. Grays Harbor Viewpoints— Whaling Station resource. An interpretive trail See also under “Making Visitors could provide the opportunity Welcome,” p.32 8. Elk Watching Pullout at South to experience these unique Description: Interpretive signs Bay— See also under “Making habitats and understand an at proposed viewpoint Visitors Welcome,” p.32 important part of the corridor Interpretive Themes: Description: Interpretive panel water cycle. Lifeways, natural history at a new wayside overlooking Interpretive Themes: The Supporting Stories: Grays South Bay. water cycle, dune ecology, Harbor salmon natural history, Interpretive Themes: Natural wetland natural history fish weir technology developed History, Lifeways Supporting Stories: Develop- by Native Americans and Supporting Stories: Elk natural ment of the Grayland ditches, history and seasonal migration, habitat and cranberry growing adopted by non-native settlers. 40 living with elk 12. Twin Harbors State Park Visitor 15. Washaway Beach Beach Access and 18. Tokeland Hotel Interpretation Information Center— See also under Visitor Information Site— See also Location: Tokeland peninsula “Making Visitors Welcome,” p.32 under “Making Visitors Welcome,” p.32 Description: Interpretive sign at Description: Indoor and outdoor Description: Interpretive signs at the historic Tokeland Hotel interpretive displays complementing a proposed day use area near Interpretive Themes: History, the shoreline location. Possible live Washaway Beach. Lifeways docent interpretive programs, and Interpretive Themes: Natural Supporting Stories: History of the hub for guided beach interpretive History, Lifeways Tokeland hotel as a specific walks. Supporting Stories: Maritime example of settlement, early contact Interpretive Themes: Natural travel and shipping and the mouth period economy and lifestyle, history and lifeways of the beach, of Willapa Bay. First contact Native American transition from dunes, intertidal zone, and nearshore between Meares and local Native subsistence to wage-based economy, ocean, including Gray Whale Americans. and tourism on the Toke Peninsula. migration and ecology. Supprting Stories: Intertidal zone 16. Historic Shoalwater/ Tokeland 19. Tokeland County Park— See also life, traditional and present-day Interpretive Pamphlet under “Waters’ Edge Way of Life,” p.25 harvesting of intertidal animals. Location: Shoalwater / Tokeland Description: Interpretive panels Dune formation and dynamics. Description: Interpretive booklet Interpretive Themes: Lifeways, describing Tokeland’s history and History 13. Cranberry Interpretive Area— development. Supporting Stories: Lifesaving See also under “Making Interpretive Themes: Lifeways, station and shipwrecks at the mouth Visitors Welcome,” p.32 History of Willapa Bay. Description: Interpretive panels Supporting Stories: Native integrated into new wayside along SR American Village Site, role of 20. Tokeland Fishing Pier / Boat 105. Chief Toke in early non-native Launch Improvements— See also Interpretive Themes: Lifeways, interactions with native inhabitants, under “Waters’ Edge Way of Life,” p.25 history. establishment of the Shoalwater Description: Interpretive panel Supporting Stories: History of reservation, historic lifesaving Interpretive Themes: Natural cranberry harvest from native habitat station, resource economies then history, lifeways to cultivation. Modern-day cran- and now, modern-day Shoalwater Supporting Stories: Natural berry farming practices—what are Tribe culture. history of Willapa Bay salmon visitors looking at and how does it runs, historic salmon harvest and work? 17. Shoalwater Bay Tribe Visitor processing, modern resource Information Kiosk— See also under management. 14. Washaway Beach Viewpoint— “Making Visitors Welcome,” p.32 See also under “Making Description: Interpretive sign 21. Willapa Bay Viewpoints— See also Visitors Welcome,” p.32 incorporated into proposed kiosk. under “Making Visitors Welcome,” p.32 Telling the Stories of the Region Description: Interpretive signs at Interpretive Themes: History, Description: Interpretive signs at Pacific Ocean viewpoint. Lifeways formal and informal viewpoints Interpretive Themes: Natural Supporting Stories: History of along Willapa Bay 22. Smith Creek Boat Launch— See also History, History habitation of Point Chehalis, from Interpretive Themes: Natural under “Waters’ Edge Way of Life,” p.32 Supporting Stories: Ocean beach- Native American village and History, lifeways Description: Interpretive sign at day building and erosion dynamics, trading center to modern-day Supporting Stories: Shellfish use area historic development on Washaway. Tokeland. ecology and harvest, intertidal zone Interpretive Themes: lifeways, natural ecology, spartina and other history sustainability / ecological health Supporting Stories: development of issues. early salmon industry & cannery on north River, connections between logging, streams, watershed health and bay health. A Safe and Pleasant Journey

SR 105 is the primary corridor for travel movements), pedestrian crossings of the along the coastline in Pacific and Grays highway, and a few areas of congestion at the Harbor Counties. The highway serves com- Aberdeen end of the corridor. muter traffic (largely between Westport and Aberdeen), logging trucks and farm-to-market Several projects are either underway or are travel, and recreational visitors. It is a main being discussed among jurisdictions to address street for several small communities and a these concerns. In the State Highway System bicycle or walking route for both adults and Plan, several roadway improvement projects children. have been identified as needed within the next 20 years. Some of these projects have fund- Inevitably, there are conflicts among these ing. Others do not. Improvements for which uses. Residents whose children ride their funding has been identified over the 20-year bikes along SR 105 are concerned about planning period include: improvements to the trucks and other heavy high-speed vehicles. Westport “Y”; development of passing lanes Commuters would prefer to avoid the slower between Westport and Ocosta, and between speeds through corridor communities and the Johns River bridge and east of Chapin behind RVs. Sightseers get nervous when log Creek; potential roadway realignment at Bay trucks fill their rear-view mirrors. Consider- City; a new lane for left turns near Markham; ing the variety of needs it serves, SR 105 and various other safety or environmental works well, with low accident rates and improvements. generally good traffic flow. Each of the partners involved in preparing the Corridor Management Plan, including WSDOT, local jurisdictions, residents and business owners, Residents, communities, has a strong interest in maintaining or im- businesses and agencies proving the highway’s function. are all partners in In comunity planning meetings, residents and maintaining the jurisdiction representatives identified many areas of concern for safety and mobility corridor’s safety and throughout the corridor. The most common function as a working concerns centered around drainage and power poles close to the edge of the roadway highway. through Grayland, traffic safety issues at several intersections (mostly for left turn

43 Other projects were identified at the public necessary to accomplish them. Part 3 of the meetings held during the planning process. Corridor Management Plan addresses poten- Some of these projects are complex, requiring tial funding options and implementation partnered efforts, leadership from corridor strategies in greater detail. stakeholders, and creativity and persistence to complete. These are important projects for the corridor, and the plan supports their completion. They include, but are not limited to:

Westport to Ocean Shores vehicle ferry; Grayland to Westport area drainage improvements; Grayland area power pole relocation or undergrounding; City of Westport pedestrian improvements; Aberdeen to Ocosta rails-to-trails project Intersection improvements including left turn channelization at several locations not identified in the State Highway System Plan; and Improvements to accommodate high bicycle use during peak seasons.

Many of the improvements identified above are shown in the following projects map. No funding source has been identified for many of these projects, but potential funding opportunities and likely implementation responsibilities are indicated. Implementation of many of these projects will fall outside of the usual project funding categories or priorities established by the legislature for WSDOT and will require community leadership and partnerships to find the resources

44 Some improvement ideas identified by the · Sight distance improvements at public are beyond WSDOT’s constraints for Hammond Road – There were no re- project development or funding, based on a corded traffic accidents at this location review of accident history and existing traffic during the three years of accidents volume patterns. These ideas include: studied.

· Several suggested locations for left turn · Redesignation of Montesano Street as channelization–generally the locations SR 105 – This suggestion was countered had low left-turning traffic volumes which by others who were concerned about did not meet WSDOT’s warrants for left higher traffic in front of the high school. turn lane installation. For example on SR 105 east of the Johns River bridge, WSDOT maintains an on-going monitoring left turn warrants would typically be met program to review traffic safety and conges- at locations with greater than 30 turning tion problems. Additional improvement vehicles in the peak hour. This is roughly recommendations may be made in the future equivalent to the level of traffic that in response to the results of continued would be generated by a 50-unit subdivi- monitoring and analysis of traffic safety sion. Installation of signage to warn of issues. left turns or cross-traffic ahead at major intersections should be considered as an alternative. Consideration should also be given to adding signs to warn of bus stops or other areas generating significant pedestrian activity, particularly where sight distance is a concern.

· Additional deer and elk crossing signage – Based on accident statistics collected by the State Patrol there are no locations in the corridor with a high concentration of collisions with wildlife. Some level of collisions with deer or elk is unavoidable in rural Western Washington.

45 Electrical Substation

Montesano St. Gateway Sign

Visitor Information Center SR 105 SR 105 & Montesano Intersection Redevelopment

Redesign of the intersection of SR 105 opportunity to improve the circulation and Montesano Street could improve to the Westport Visitors Center, and safety and traffic flow. Redesign of the provide a location for a gateway sign to intersection could also provide an Westport and the Pacific beaches.

46 Maintaining the Waters Edge Way of Life

1. Aberdeen Sports Park 4. Westport Maritime History Trail 7. Tokeland Fishing Pier / Boat Location: Approx. MP 45.40 Location: Westport Launch Improvements Description: Besides active recre- Description: Projects to complete Location: Tokeland peninsula ation, the development of a new the missing links of a walking tour Description: This popular facility sports park adjacent to Grays route focusing on Westport’s would need greater capacity if use Harbor could include shore access historic heritage. increases. There is an opportunity for bird watching and estuary Project Elements: Wayfinding here to add facilities, such as new interpretation. Either integrated with signs, interpretation restrooms, and possibly to include a a shoreline access area or nearer the Possible Partners: Private, City of small retail facility. highway, there is an opportunity to Westport, State Parks Project Elements: Expansion of develop parking, restrooms and a boat ramp, parking, restroom, retail visitor information kiosk. 5. Old Highway Privacy Signing sales facility, interpretive displays. Project Elements: Parking, Location: At old SR 105 leading Possible Partners: Pacific County, restroom, visitor information kiosk, to Washaway Beach state agencies. interpretation. Description: Tourists using this Possible Partners: City of Aberdeen, route for beach access have caused 8. Smith Creek Boat Launch Port of Grays Harbor, Friends of conflicts with residents. In Location: Approx. MP 10.20 Grays Harbor, Department of coordination with the development Description: This existing boat Ecology, WSDOT. of public beach access along SR launch could be improved for 105 at Washaway Beach, this area expanded use as a traveler informa- 2. Johns River Watchable Wildlife Site can be limited to use by residents. tion area and Willapa water trail Location: Approx. MP 37.00 Project Elements: Signing and put-in location. Description: The existing John’s minor right-of-way development to Project Elements: Improved River Watchable Wildlife site and limit use. restroom and trash facilities, tourist boat launch could be improved as an Possible Partners: WSDOT, information kiosk, interpretive interpretive site, and hunting and Pacific County display, separated day use / picnic recreational boat launch. This site area. could be one of several locations 6. Tokeland Beach Access Possible Partners: State Fish and along the corridor identified as a sea- Location: Tokeland Peninsula Wildlife, other state agencies, kayaking put-in. Description: County-owned Pacific County, private. Project Elements: Directional signs property along the Tokeland from highway, interpretive displays at shoreline has potential for develop- 9. Government Island Water Trail day use area, visitor information for ment as public beach and water Campsite water-based recreation, tide informa- access area. Access to the property Location: Willapa River tion. is available along existing street Description: This county-owned Possible Partners: Grays Harbor rights-of-way. island, accessible only by boat, Maintaining the Waters Edge Way of Life County, Washington Fish and Project Elements: Access im- could be a unique piece of the Wildlife, Department of Natural provements, parking, restroom, Willapa water trail system. Resources, Private picnic area, interpretive display. Project Elements: Human- Possible Partners: Pacific County, powered watercraft campsite. 3. Bottle Beach State Park Shoalwater Bay Tribe, Private, state Possible Partners: Port of Willapa Location: Approx. MP 35.00 agencies. Harbor, Pacific County, private. Description: Completion of the planned access and visitor improve- 10. Watershed Awareness Signs ments for this beach access and Location: Entire corridor wildlife viewing area. Description: Road signs identify- Project Elements: Access improve- ing river and stream crossings. ments, parking, restroom, pedestrian Project Elements: Signs trail, interpretive displays. Possible Partners: WSDOT, Possible Partners: State Parks, Private Private Tourism & Quality of Life in the SR 105 Region

The majority of new strategies and life here since before the first European projects in the SR 105 Corridor Management settlement. It’s not too much of a stretch to Plan are related to call travel by tourism—either to members of enhance tourist distant Native services or to reduce American tribes to some of tourism’s the coast a kind negative impacts. of tourism. They The emphasis on traveled for many tourism in the plan of the same is not intended to reasons as modern suggest that tourism tourists—to visit become the main different commu- focus of the nities and trade region’s economy or for local resources, that tourism is the make and main- best answer for tain social con- communities that are looking for development nections with region residents, and certainly opportunities. It is simply one piece of the to learn about new places and see the sights, economic puzzle that doesn’t have a coordi- such as the ocean coast. nated region-wide plan for its future development. It is also a segment of the region’s Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties both have economy that can be significantly enhanced spectacular resources for recreational travel. In by completing relatively small-scale projects— 1995, tourism contributed approximately 41 projects that can be funded through grant million dollars in Grays Harbor and Pacific sources that are currently not being taken counties—almost 7% of total economic advantage of for regional development. activity and 19% of regional employment. SR 105 fills a unique niche in tourist services Tourism isn’t new to the SR 105 corridor, in along the coastline of Pacific and Grays fact it’s probably been a continuous part of Harbor Counties. Besides being located

49 between the great water bodies of Willapa Bay lower average wages than other service indus- and Grays Harbor, the region is also between tries, and the complications that come with an two of the counties’ most popular tourism influx of people during the summer months. destinations—Long Beach and Ocean Shores. Some trends in Notably, recreational SR 105 region travel are residents who helping with participated in the problem of the planning seasonal process were impacts, not interested including the in becoming growing more like either interest in of the these coastal storm- two tourism watching, a destinations. growing number of retirees who are choosing to travel However, they did see opportunities for the in the “shoulder seasons” to avoid summer region to be more successful as a tourist crowds, and interest in travel to see seasonal destination by maintaining and improving the events such as bird and whale migrations. The way things work in the corridor now. Some hard work of local travel industry promoters of the ideas expressed included providing to develop off-season festivals is also begin- guidance to help travelers enjoy the region’s ning to see some success as events become resources (from kayaking to halibut-fishing), more widely known throughout the Pacific maintaining low key communities to welcome Northwest. Small-scale improvements such as travelers, and offering local resources such as those included in this plan can be used to oysters, crab, and cranberries as a way to make focus tourism activities in the corridor, the experience of visiting the region memo- reducing the impact of more visitors on the rable. region as a whole. Challenges & Opportunities Despite some of its drawbacks, tourism has a range of benefits that makes it a unique niche for economic development. Most tourism- Like any form of economic development, related businesses are small businesses, offering tourism has both benefits and problems. entrepreneurial opportunities with relatively Problems include seasonal variation, slightly

50 low start-up costs. While some employment in tourism industry can be low-wage entry- level jobs, business owners can have higher incomes and tend to live in and contribute to the community.

Tourism also has relatively low environmental and development impacts. Since tourists are usually drawn to places for reasons that are similar to those that local residents value their own region, tourism can provide an economic benefit for maintaining the same things that contribute to local quality of life. Benefits for Both Residents & Visitors

Many of the projects that can help regional development as a tourist destination will also be amenities for region residents. Projects such as new opportunities for shoreline access, interpretive trails, or scenic viewpoints will almost certainly be used as much, if not more, by local residents as by visitors. Westport’s dune walk is an example of a resource that serves residents and visitors alike.

The corridor management plan is not about making choices between tourism development projects and other projects, such as highway safety improvements. The plan is focused on bringing new resources into the corridor to add to the ongoing work of maintaining the highway, solving existing problems, and taking advantage of enhancement opportunities.

51 Part 3 Implementation Taking the First Steps

The Corridor Management Plan is a Implementation will likely happen slowly, one document of ideas. When implemented, these or a few projects at a time, and will take the ideas could enhance the corridor, providing partnered efforts of individuals and commu- residents with new public areas and facilities nities to find funding or other needed and improving the travel experience for resources. Throughout the state, similar corridor visitors. projects have been initiated by cities, counties, tribes, and other entities. They have been Taken together, the funded through projects described in different combina- the previous section tions of local dollars, are a view into the federal and state possible future devel- grants, foundation opment of the corri- grants, private dor. However, with- contributions, and out effective imple- agency funding. mentation strategies the ideas in the plan A blueprint for the will remain just that– implementation of ideas. Corridor Manage- ment Plan action The projects described strategies in the in the plan were SR 105 corridor is proposed by residents outlined in this A turn-of-the-century beach scene at Westport of SR 105 communi- section. Included is ties, and they will need the continued action an outline for a marketing plan for the and support of local advocates to be com- corridor–one of the important steps for pleted. This section of the Corridor Manage- improving the region’s tourism economy, as ment Plan includes some strategies, tools, and well as a step-by-step outline for taking resources to implement projects. They are projects from their beginning as a good idea intended to make it easier to take the first to their completion as a new asset for the steps in getting projects off the ground. region.

55 A discussion of the potential benefits of related economy, and provide new recreation National Scenic Byway designation for the opportunities for corridor residents. corridor is also included. A decision with respect to national designation will be The first step towards making any of these requested from the local agencies in the projects a reality is for someone to decide to corridor at the completion of the corridor lead the process of getting the project done. planning process. Local jurisdictions and agencies can provide critical support, but it will take leadership The projects in the plan are intended to be from the community for any of these projects for public benefit–to maintain the aspects of to begin. the corridor that are essential to residents’ quality of life, improve the region’s tourism-

An overlook in Dosewallips developed as part of the Coastal Corridor project on US 101.

56 Marketing the SR 105 Region

One of the objectives of the SR 105 Is essential to the economic well-being of Corridor Management Plan is to assist with several ports, cities and the Shoalwater the promotion of travel to the Washington Bay Tribe; and coast and, in particular, to communicate the At the same time, is the main connecting diverse qualities and attributes of the SR 105 road for local residents who enjoy the corridor to the traveling public. The market- quietude and relative isolation of living in ing strategy should be consistent with and small coastal communities. supportive of the strategies and actions in the plan. As much as possible, it should also rely on the existing entities and programs that are organized for tourism promotion.

The marketing strategy for SR 105 must also be sensitive to the fragile natural environment and relaxed waters’ edge way of life in the corridor which are highly valued by local residents.

SR 105 is a short but diverse corridor which:

Passes along or through two very important west coast estuaries with associated wildlife viewing opportunities; Provides access to historic features such as Tokeland, the Grays Harbor Light and There are a variety of three museums along the corridor; existing resources that a Serves as the transportation backbone for the cranberry and seafood industry and corridor marketing strategy timber activities on the peninsula; and can take advantage of. provides access to the beaches, sports fishing, clamming and other recreational opportunities;

57 Marketing Goals Identifying the Target Market

Specific goals to guide the development and Residents and visitors look at this section of implementation of a corridor marketing the coast differently. Residents are united by strategy include: water and topography, feeling connected to Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay or the Pacific Support the economic development goals Ocean. Visitors understand the region of the communities in the corridor, primarily through its roads and destinations. especially in the area of tourism. The SR 105 marketing strategy is targeted at Raise regional and statewide awareness of visitors who generally fall into two groups for the diversity and opportunities of the whom a marketing approach might be slightly SR 105 corridor. different: Actively engage travelers in opportunities to experience the unique attributes of the Individuals and families on short visits - corridor. SR 105 is within an easy day’s drive of Focus tourism activities in areas that Seattle, Tacoma and Olympia and as far currently have or could develop facilities south as the Portland metropolitan area. to accommodate this activity. Individuals and families interested in Support efforts of state, regional, tribal longer visits - these include travelers from and local agencies and organizations outside the nearby metropolitan areas, as involved in promoting and marketing well as residents of these areas who are activities along the corridor. planning on spending more than a day in the general area.

These audiences may overlap in some ways. However, by distinguishing these two groups, we can begin to think about the most appropriate means of communication to reach Marketing the corridor as a them. whole could raise its visibility as a travel destination.

58 More specifically, corridor marketing efforts Marketing Strategies should focus on: As noted above, the marketing approach for Tourists and others who drive US 101 the SR 105 corridor should build on the and pass by SR 105, not recognizing that present efforts of agencies and programs, it is a loop road which reconnects to while ensuring that corridor attributes are US 101. These individuals may not identified and promoted in a way which realize that SR 105 provides access to a minimizes tourism impacts. To accomplish wide variety of tourism activities and these objectives, the SR 105 marketing facilities. One participant pointed out approach should consider opportunities for that SR 105 has “eight scenic wonders and 25 building partnerships with existing agencies, eating establishments” between Raymond and while identifying specific actions which could Aberdeen while the same stretch of be accomplished within the corridor itself. US 101 has none. Tourists and other visitors at points of The most important aspect of a marketing entry in both Oregon and Washington, strategy for SR 105 is recognition of oppor- e.g. airports, state tourist agencies, cham- tunities for partnerships with agencies and bers of commerce, etc. organizations involved with marketing tourist Locations in Washington State where activities. visitors and other tourists gather, such as resorts, RV parks, campgrounds, rest For example, if SR 105 were designated as a stops, and other places where information National Scenic Byway, it would be included is made available. in nationwide marketing efforts such as Eco-tourists and others looking for an brochures, inclusion on a website, and na- opportunity to view wildlife and see how tional media coverage. The website offers a economies based on natural resources chance to provide a “virtual tour” of the operate. corridor. Other marketing support could Bicyclists–both individuals and tour include press releases, and financial grants in groups–are an important audience, support of regional or local marketing especially if SR 105 is designated as a activities such as a brochure. state bicycle route to the coast. SR 105 marketing efforts should also be tied closely to regional marketing efforts such as Tourism Grays Harbor and local efforts of chambers of commerce.

59 For example, Tourism Grays Harbor has a goal Some early priorities include: of promoting out-of-season (non-summer Creating a simple, cost effective but month) tourism, which would benefit the graphically pleasing and easily readable SR 105 corridor. Tourism Grays Harbor is map with information about the diverse also participating in the development of an features of SR 105. This will help eco-tourism marketing effort, and SR 105 provide a cohesive view of the entire plays an important role in providing access to corridor, while featuring specific activities many of these activities. and destinations of interest along the corridor. The brochure could be distrib- Statewide, the Washington Tourism Office, uted through existing state, county and within the Department of Community, Trade city sources such as WSDOT rest areas, and Economic Development, provides on-line State Tourism, Chambers of Commerce, travel information, assists communities with etc. Perhaps Grays Harbor College or their marketing efforts (especially joint some other local or regional resources efforts), publishes a brochure that is distrib- could be encouraged to take the lead in uted to over one million persons each year, putting such a brochure together. and places articles in a variety of travel Improving signage, especially at key entry publications. The Tourism Office also main- points to the corridor to attract “pass by” tains a schedule of events of interest to visitors. visitors in both print and web site format. Linking to websites. For example, the Finally, the Tourism Office offers technical Online Highways and Travel in Washington assistance to smaller communities to help websites provide maps, indices, and assess their tourism needs. information about Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties, and the cities and places of interest along SR 105. There are also Better signage, kiosks, pullouts and websites for bicycle groups such as the other features advise travelers of the Wheelmen and Bike Now. diversity of interesting things to see Including information about SR 105 in brochures and other materials being and do along the corridor. produced by other organizations such as Tourism Grays Harbor and tourism promotion groups in both Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties.

60 Project Development & Implementation

The Corridor Management Plan has a The corridor management plan will not long-term horizon, with the implementation change the way that highway safety and of projects expected to occur slowly over the mobility projects are funded or prioritized. next twenty years and beyond. For WSDOT, On the other hand, the plan will help direct the plan identifies likely or necessary improve- WSDOT discretionary funding for smaller ment projects within the highway right-of- transportation projects and will open the way to meet critical needs for mobility and doors for creating partnerships between safety. The plan also spells out the impor- corridor stakeholders to develop projects. tance of the corridor as a scenic and recreational facility and, as such, provides guidance What does partnership mean? In the past, for conserving corridor features during the projects were often completed by a single development and construction of highway agency or jurisdiction which developed the improvement projects. project idea, funded the improvements, and operated the facility. Changes in budget Most of the smaller projects included in the priorities and changing ideas about the plan are appropriate for grassroots, relationship between the private and public community-based implementation. Chambers sectors have created a slow but important of commerce, civic groups, conservation revolution in project development. The idea organizations, schools, businesses, of partnering is to find the private and public homeowners’ organizations—almost any sector groups that share an interest in indi- group or individual could take the role of vidual projects and pool their resources to beginning a project and putting the pieces complete a project that none of the indi- together to find funding and complete a vidual groups could have completed on their project. Because corridor agencies and own. jurisdictions already have significant responsibilities for maintaining and improving the Potential partners for each project are listed corridor, as well as limited budgets and time, in the earlier sections describing the project. many of the projects in the plan probably will This is not a complete list of partnering not be completed without grassroots initiative opportunities, nor does it imply that those and advocacy. groups, jurisdictions, or agencies will take responsibility for completing a project

61 without outside interest and support. The lists of possible partners are a starting point for contacts for those who are interested in helping a project go from a good idea to becoming reality.

Anyone reading this plan could be a key advocate for a project. The project development outline included in this section gives an overview of the steps necessary to put together a typical project. Funding resources and contacts are included in the Resources section at the end of the plan.

Throughout the planning process, SR 105 region residents emphasized the importance of developing the corridor without changing its character and with careful consideration of local needs. Local leadership in selecting and developing projects is one of the best ways to make sure that future development will meet those needs and protect the qualities of the region that you value.

62 Implementation Roles & Activities

Outside the Highway Right-of-Way - Inside the Highway Right-of-Way - WSDOT Residents, Jurisdictions and Agencies

Develop consensus for corridor Continue to develop and imple- improvement opportunities. ment highway mobility and safety Be aware of opportunities for improvements. proceeding with projects. Assist local communities in Select and prioritize projects to finding alternate sources of seek funding. funding for identified improve- Identify grant sources. ments, especially where highway Prepare grant funding applica- improvements are combined with tions. other corridor enhancements, Provide or acquire matching such as tourism information funds or in-kind match commit- kiosks. ments. Implement Corridor Manage- Solidify community support for ment Plan projects within the the project. highway right-of-way that are Administer some project supported by corridor communi- funding. ties and can be funded. Maintain the right-of-way landscape consistent with maintaining the corridor’s intrinsic qualities and the Roadside Management Guidelines for the highway. Partner with corridor communities to apply for and administer grant funding to implement joint projects.

63 Developing Corridor Enhancement Projects, Step by Step

STEP I: Defining the Project STEP III: Finding Key Contacts and Information Sources The project descriptions in the plan give a general idea of the intent and opportuni- Typically, there is a second group involved ties for development, but they each need in projects which, although they may not to be more carefully defined before take an advocacy role, can provide infor- starting to put them together into a real mation and resources. This group may project. The first step in taking a project include: from idea to reality is to answer some basic Jurisdictions and agencies with permit require- questions: ments; What are the project goals? Neighbors and other long-time local residents Who will the project benefit most? with knowledge of the project site; What different parts are there in the project (for Community and economic development groups, example parking, trails, signs…)? both locally and at the federal and state level; Where is the project location? Local utility providers; Who owns the property? Washington State Department of Transportation How will different parts of the project fit on the Heritage Corridors Office and TransAid site? Office; What jurisdiction is the project in? Design and engineering professionals, either Who will maintain the project after it is locally or through agency technical assistance completed? programs; The answers to these questions will start Local and state tourism development agencies. to provide direction for finding project partners as well as identifying needed Reviewing the proposed project with permitting and approvals. members of this group can help to clarify funding and staff resources available for STEP II: Finding Partners the project and identify issues that might affect the project’s feasibility. Project partners are nearly always necessary to provide matching funds, allow use of At the end of this step you should have a property, or provide long-term support good idea of the resources that project and management. Project partners also partners are willing to provide for the can help to develop broader-based support project, what issues need to be resolved of the project and identify different prior to the project proposal being project development resources. Project finalized, and what the most likely sources partners generally have one or more of the of funding are. following resources to bring to a project: • Ownership or jurisdiction over the project site; • Shared interest or benefit from the project; • Funding resources to support the project type.

64 Developing Corridor Enhancement Projects, Step by Step, Cont. STEP IV: Building and Confirming STEP V: Funding the Project Support There are a variety of grant funding Corridor enhancement projects are for sources that support projects similar to the public benefit. Over the long run, those included in the Corridor Manage- they are most effective when they have ment Plan. Some of these are listed in the broad public support. It is especially Resources section at the end of this plan. important that the project’s immediate Typically, grant sources will only fund part neighbors are not taken by surprise by the of a project and may require that project project proposal. Demonstration of partners provide a partial match of the public support is also important for project funding. For example, National jurisdiction and agency partners, as well Scenic Byways program grants require the as most grant-distributing agencies. project sponsors to provide at least 20% Public meetings, presentations at civic of the total project funding. Although group meetings, newspaper articles, and each grant source has different rules, many city council or county commission will allow donated project supplies or meetings all can be good forums for labor to be used as part of the matching letting the general public know about funds, reducing the amount of cash needed proposed projects. Public support for to qualify for grant funding. Local busi- projects can be demonstrated through: nesses often can donate materials or Letters of support from civic groups; services, such as printing, to support Official jurisdiction approvals; community projects. Letters to the editor and positive newspaper stories; Preparing grant applications can be Commitments of volunteer support for project difficult and time-consuming. It is impor- implementation. tant to read the application forms carefully. Make sure that your project meets the criteria for funding and that all of the required information is included. Most jurisdictions and agencies have staff with experience in grant-writing. This is a good opportunity to rely on project partners for assistance. Having developed a project to the point where you are ready to apply for a grant, it is worth the extra effort to make sure that the project is presented in the best light possible.

65 Project Funding

The National Scenic Byways Funding Options Program

The types of projects described in the plan One option for project funding and corridor may be eligible for funding from a wide marketing that communities can consider is variety of sources. Many of the highway the National Scenic Byways Program, a improvements within WSDOT right-of-way voluntary program offered by the Federal are eligible for funding from state and federal Highway Administration. Congress created transportation programs including federal this program in 1991 and renewed it in the Surface Transportation Program, Bridge 1998 reauthorization of federal transporta- Program, Transportation Enhancements, and tion funding to provide recognition and state gas tax and other transportation funding support for exceptional travel routes. The sources. Funding from these programs is National Scenic Byways Program offers two limited and only higher priority projects as benefits for scenic highways: identified in the State Highway System Plan and described in Part 2 are expected to be funded Funding support for byway planning and and implemented within the next twenty project development, and years. Additional funding will be necessary to Nationwide marketing and awareness- implement the other projects suggested. building.

Funding for projects outside of the highway In the past local jurisdictions have had right-of-way is also available from a variety of concerns about participation in a new federal sources. These include the National Scenic program. Cities and counties have been Byway Program and Transportation Enhance- concerned that designation of a road as a ments for certain types of eligible projects. National Scenic Byway could reduce local Other funding sources, such as Aquatic Lands control over land use and limit future develop- Enhancement Act (ALEA) grants and Inter- ment. In discussions with WSDOT, the agency Committee for Outdoor Recreation Federal Highway Administration has clarified funding, are available to communities and its position and reemphasized that scenic would include WSDOT participation only if byway designation has no impact on local the project directly affected the highway. control of land use and does not increase Additionally, some projects may be eligible for either federal or state involvement in local funding from various state or federal agencies land use decisions. with responsibilities for recreation, land management and/or habitat protection and restoration.

66 Project Development Case Study

“The west side of Black Lake could be transformed from rough gravel and steep banks into a trail that connects a rest Following the Corridor Management Planning area in the north to refined and improved Provo Park to the process for US 101—the Washington Coastal south. A wide boardwalk would allow pedestrians to walk Corridor plan—community leaders saw an along the lake casually without having to worry about the opportunity to develop the area around Black guardrail or steep bank.” Lake to provide community and traveler access Chinook County Observer and improve connections between the lake, the nearby high school, and downtown. Led by then- The Black Lake project in Ilwaco was developed mayor Toby Beard, Ilwaco sought funding for the with funding from several different grant sources project from several different grant sources. The following the Coastal Corridor planning project project secured state financial support from the for US 101. Transporta- With ideas, tion Improve- energy, and ment Board about and the $120,000 Interagency dollars in state Commission and local for Outdoor funds, the City Recreation. of Ilwaco was These funds able to attract in turn were a over $500,000 large part of in federal the required funding to 20% match- build a project ing funding to that has leverage become a favorite spot in the community. funding that had been appropriated by Congress in 1983 to support the Coastal Corridor planning Black Lake is along US 101 in Ilwaco, a town set process through the National Scenic Byways near the mouth of the Columbia. For many years program. the area around Black Lake was considered a community asset, but access and facilities were Following the grant award the city advertised for poor. Prior to the project going forward the site a design firm to work with the community on the included a historic World War I memorial, detailed design for the project and develop plans memorial flag pole, and Coast Guard memorial. for construction. Bids to construct the project The city had also recently developed a small boat were higher than expected, and the city needed to and fishing dock using volunteer labor from the choose some of the plan elements to hold for a adjacent high school. second phase.

67 National Scenic Byways Program grant Corridors that meet the criteria for project funding is distributed through a nationwide funding eligibility described above can apply competitive grant process. To be eligible for for designation as either a National Scenic funding, highways must be part of their state’s Byway or an All-American Road. Successful scenic byway system and have a corridor designation can lead to increased marketing management plan for the route. With the awareness of the corridor throughout the development of the Corridor Management country. Examples of marketing activities pPlan, SR 105 becomes eligible to apply for funded by the FHWA in support of National grant funding for projects. For example, since Scenic Byways include: the completion of the Corridor Management Plan for Washington’s portion of US 101, Regular articles in publications such as the National Scenic Byways Program has USA Today and Life magazine, provided over 4 million dollars for projects in Coordination and training with American the Coastal Corridor. Automobile Association travel advisors, Inclusion on the National Scenic Byways Examples of projects funded through this web site (www.byways.org), and program include the public restrooms along Participation in travel industry conven- US 101 in South Bend, the Black Lake Rest tions to raise awareness of byways among Area near Ilwaco, and the gateway signage and travel agents and travel planners. highway art in Raymond. Although there are a variety of potential funding sources for Neither this plan nor the WSDOT recom- projects along SR 105, many of the projects mends for or against a decision to pursue described in this plan could be eligible for designation of SR 105 as a National Scenic National Scenic Byways grant funding. Byway. This decision will be made entirely at Funding for byways grants has been extended the local level based on input received from at least through 2004. corridor communities and the public during review of the Draft Corridor Management Marketing exposure from the National Scenic Plan. Byways Program is linked to designation as a National Scenic Byway. Scenic byway marketing is conducted at both a national and Neither this plan nor the WSDOT international level and can augment on-going recommends for or against a decision to local and state marketing and tourism promo- pursue designation of SR 105 as a tion efforts. National Scenic Byway.

68 It is important to remember that National participation in the National Scenic Byways Scenic Byway designation is not necessary to Program could unintentionally lead to outside be considered for regulation or re- project grant funding, duced local land use although designation control. There is would help SR 105 also a concern that projects compete with even if the program other applications from is not regulatory in throughout the coun- nature now, it could try. Grant-funding become a regulatory criteria under the most program in the recent reauthorization future. of federal highway funding gives higher Concern over priority to designated possible regulation is National Scenic Byways An early view of the Grays Harbor Lighthouse not limited to the and All-American SR 105 corridor or Roads than in the past. Washington State. Communities throughout the west have considered this issue carefully Currently, two highways in Washington State when planning for their scenic highways. In have receieved recognition from the National many cases, as with Washington State’s two Scenic Byway Program. In 1998 the Mather highways that have received the National Memorial Highway was designated an All- Scenic Byways Program designation, the American Road and the Mountains to Sound communities involved decided that the Greenway was designated as a National Scenic benefits of national designation outweighed Byway. the perceived risk. In some cases, including US 101 in Washington, communities decided Defining the Terms for Participation that the concern over land use control outweighed the perceived benefits. In each case Local control over land use is very important local jurisdictions made the decision of to local governments and citizens. Although whether or not to pursue national designa- the National Scenic Byways Program is not a tion. regulatory program, and the SR 105 Corridor Management Plan is not a regulatory document, there is continuing concern that

69 A significant concern regarding designation as jurisidiction no longer supports participation a National Scenic Byway has been the uncer- in the National Scenic Byway program, and tainty surrounding the ability to leave the that the section of the corridor within the program if participation is not meeting the jurisdiction is no longer included in a Na- expectations of corridor jurisdictions. The tional Scenic Byway. National Scenic Byway Program is voluntary, and communities may end their participation Following completion of the Corridor at any time. Management Plan,WSDOT will ask each corridor jurisdiction whether or not to pursue If National Scenic Byway designation is National Scenic Byway designation. The six sought and received for SR 105, each corri- jurisdictions that make up the SR 105 dor jurisdiction will have the option of corridor are Aberdeen, Grays Harbor County, ending their participation in the program Westport, Pacific County, the Shoalwater Bay (becoming “de-designated” as a National Tribe, and Raymond. In the event that some Scenic Byway) at their discretion. Following jurisdictions choose not to participate in official notification from a jurisdiction, designation, those that do may decide WSDOT will notify FHWA that the whether or not to proceed within their own jurisdiction.

The Grays Harbor Lighthouse today

70 Conclusion

It is the intent of WSDOT that the Corridor Management Plan be a useful tool to assist jurisdictions in providing enhancements that improve the corridor and its communities for residents and visitors alike.

There is an old children’s story about a traveler who comes into a village, starts a pot of water to boil and, putting a special stone into the water, an- nounces that he is cooking stone soup. Anyone in the village was invited to join him for the meal. The stone, he continued, was magical, and would cook up a delicious soup for all who wanted some. Of course, he said, the soup would be even better with cabbage, and a villager brought some cabbage to add to the pot. And soup bones, and a villager brought some soup bones to add to the pot. Some carrots would be delicious, and some turnips … you get the idea. In the end, it was a wonderful meal, shared by everyone in the village.

The ideas in the Corridor Management Plan are very much like the magic stone in the story. A good idea, and partners with the enthusiasm to work on it, can attract resources to achieve a common goal.

71 Resources

73 Possible Sources for Project Funding

The following is a partial list of possible sources of grant funding for the enhancement projects included in the SR 105 Corridor Management Plan. Each listing includes a summary of the types of projects eligible for funding, some of the criteria for selecting projects, and contacts for more information. This list is a good starting point for identifying possible funding sources; however, grant funding programs change frequently. Contact each grant source for current applications and program information prior to developing any application materials.

Boating Facilities Program Washington Wildlife Recreation Program (WWRP) This grant, administered by the Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recreation (IAC), Washington Wildlife Recreation Program earmarks funds for boating-related lands and funds are provided for the acquistion and facilities. The acquisition, development, and development of recreation and conservation renovation of projects on fresh or salt water lands. WWRP funds are allocated from two are eligible, including launch ramps, transient accounts. The Habitat Conservation Account moorage, and upland support facilities. provides funds for projects which include critical habitat, natural areas, and urban For further information concerning the IAC’s wildlife categories. The Outdoor Recreation Boating Facilities Program, Contact: Account provides funds for local parks, state Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recre- parks, trails, and water access categories. ation Attn: Jim Eychaner For further information concerning the 1111 Washington Street SE Washington Wildlife Recreation Program, PO Box 40917 Contact: Olympia, Washington 98504-0917 tel. 360.902.3011 WA State Department of Fish and Wildlife fax 360.902.3026 Wildlife Management Program Division tdd 360.902.1996 600 Capital Way N e-mail [email protected] Olympia, Washington 98501-1091 tel. 360.902.2515 fax 360.902.2162 tdd 360.902.2207

75 Riparian Habitat Grant Program Statewide Enhancements

The Riparian Habitat Grant Program pro- Ten types of projects are defined as eligible: vides funds to protect, restore, and enhance • riparian habitat on privately owned land. Provision of facilities for pedestrians and Funding is provided in the form of matching bicycles (purely recreational trails are grants to counties, cities and towns, conserva- excluded), • tion districts, land trusts, and nature conser- Acquisition of scenic easements and vancy organizations. Eligible projects include scenic or historic sites, • the acquisition of riparian land and acquisi- Scenic or historic highway programs, • tion of riparian land combined with restora- Landscaping and other scenic beautifica- tion and enhancement projects on that land. tion, • Examples of eligible restoration and enhance- Historic preservation, • ment projects include: fencing, revegetation, Rehabilitation and operation of historic increasing stream channel complexity, and transportation buildings, structures, or removal of fish passage barriers. facilities (including historic railroad facilities and canals), • For further information concerning the Preservation of abandoned railway Riparian Habitat Grant Program, contact: corridors (including conversion and use for pedestrian or bicycle trails), • Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recreation Control and removal of outdoor advertis- Attn: Jim Fox ing, • PO Box 40917 Archaeological planning and research, and • Olympia, Washington 98504-0917 Mitigation of water pollution due to tel. 360.902.3021 highway runoff. e-mail [email protected] Applications for enhancement grants must be filed by a public agency and require a 13.5% match. Matching funds can be in-kind services, as long as the match can be quanti- fied and is directly related to finishing the project.

For further information concerning the State-wide Enhancements Program, contact: WSDOT TransAid Service Center Attn: Kathleen Davis, Manager Federal Funding Office PO Box 47390 Olympia, WA 98504-7390 Tele: 360.705.7377 Fax: 360.705.6822 e-mail: [email protected]

76 National Scenic Byways Program Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) This is a federally funded program specifically Highways and Local Roadways Division for the development of scenic highways. Heritage Corridors Program PO Box 47393, Olympia, WA 98504-7393 Types of projects and areas of eligibility are as tel. 360.705.7274 follows: Statewide Competitive Surface Transportation • Planning, design, and development of Program (STP) State scenic byway programs, • Making safety improvements to a highway This program funds projects that seek to develop, designated as a scenic byway to the extent improve, and/or preserve an integrated transportation such improvements are necessary to system that encourages multimodal choices to the accommodate increased traffic and public. A broad range of projects and programs are changes in the types of vehicles using the eligible for funding, with the following eleven types highway, due to such designation, specially defined: • Construction along the scenic byway of • Construction, seismic retrofit, operational facilities for the use of pedestrians and improvements, and 4R, including Interstate bicyclists, rest areas, turnouts, highway system and bridges, shoulder improvements, passing lanes, • Capital costs for transit projects eligible for FTA overlooks, and interpretive facilities, funding, • Improvements to the scenic byway that • Fringe and corridor parking, carpool, vanpool, will enhance access to an area for the bicycle, and pedestrian facilities, purpose of recreation, including water- • Highway and transit safety improvements, related recreation, • Highway and transit research and technology • Protecting historical, archaeological, and transfer, cultural resources in areas adjacent to the • Capital and operating costs for traffic monitor- highways, and ing, management and control facilities, and • Developing and providing tourist infor- programs, mation to the public, including interpre- • Surface transportation planning, tive information about the scenic byway. • Transportation enhancement activities including bicycle and pedestrian facilities, historic and This program requires a minimum matching scenic easements and facilities, and wetlands fund of 20% from a non-federal government mitigation, source. Funds are administered through • Certain clean Air Act transportation control WSDOT. measures (TCMs) For further information contact: • Development and establishment of management systems, • Wetlands mitigation.

A 20% matching fund is required for non-motorized (trail projects), all other projects require a 13.5% matching fund. Only public agencies may apply for funds.

77 For further information concerning the USDA Natural Resources Conservation State-wide Competitive Surface Transporta- Service tion Program, contact: Resource Conservation and Development WSDOT TransAid Service Center Program Attn: Kathleen Davis, Manager Federal Funding Office This program’s intent is to accelerate the PO Box 47390 conservation, development, and utilization of Olympia, WA 98504-7390 natural resources to improve the general level Tele: 360.705.7377 of economic activity, and to enhance the Fax: 360.705.6822 environment and standard of living in autho- e-mail: [email protected] rized RC&D areas. RC&D loans can provide assistance to counties, cities, towns, non-profit National Recreational Trails Fund corporations, and individuals that are con- ducting programs which address area-wide The National Recreational Trails Fund is problems. managed by the Interagency Committee for Outside Recreation. Eligible projects are For further information concerning the chosen based on the agency’s chosen area of Resource Conservation and Development emphasis, which is determined on a yearly Program, contact: basis. Most recently, the highest priority has gone to projects of the maintenance type. USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Shiraz Vira A matching fund of 50% is required, but soft 2145 Basin Street, SW , Suite B matches such as labor and materials are Ephrata, WA 98823-2198 acceptable. Public agencies and non-profit tel. 509.754.0225 organizations may apply.

For further information concerning the National Recreational Trails Fund, contact:

Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recre- ation Planning Services Division Attn: Greg Lovelady, Manager 1111 Washington Street SE PO Box 40917 Olympia, Washington 98504-0917 tel. 360.902.3008 fax 360.902.3026 tdd 360.902.1996 e-mail [email protected]

78 Public Works Board (PWB) Private Foundations

The Public Works Board was established by Washington Wildlife and Recreation Founda- the legislature in 1985. Its goal is to provide tion financial assistance to local governments for critical public works projects and to encour- The Washington Wildlife and Recreation age self-reliance at the local level. The PWB Foundation is a private organization funded provides low interest loans through the Public by the Bullitt Foundation. This program Works Trust Fund (PWTF) to counties, cities, provides funds for the preservation of out- and special purpose districts to help repair, door recreation opportunities, wildlife replace or improve public infrastructure that habitat, and natural areas in Washington State. serves the existing population. For further information concerning the The purpose of the PWTF- Rural Natural Washington Wildlife and Recreation Founda- Resources program is to promote economic tion, contact: growth in economically distressed areas of the state. PWTF-Rural Natural Resource loans Washington Wildlife and Recreation Founda- are available for counties, municipalities and tion special purpose districts that are currently Attn: Janet Wainwright dependent upon timber and salmon resources. PO Box 16720 Seattle, WA 98116 For further information concerning the tel. 206.938.4513 PWB’s Rural Natural Resource Loan, contact: fax 206.933.7931 e-mail [email protected] Public Works Trust Fund Cecilia Gardener 906 Columbia ST. SW PO Box 48319 Brainerd Foundation Olympia, WA 98504-8319 tel. 360.664.2856 The Brainerd Foundation funds organizations that are dedicated to protecting the environmental quality of the Pacific Northwest.

For information concerning the Brainerd Foundation, contact:

The Brainerd Foundation 1601 Second Avenue, Suite 610 Seattle, WA 98101 tel. 206.448.0676 fax 206.448.7222 email: [email protected]

79 Abstracts of Technical Reports Prepared for SR 105 Corridor Management Plan

Stakeholder Interview Report (Pacific Rim Historic, Cultural and Archaeological Inven- Resources, January, 1997) tory, Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties, Interviews were conducted with 38 individuals Washington, for SR 105 Corridor Manage- in the corridor representing a range of ment Plan (Larson Anthropological/Archaeo- experience and viewpoints. Interviews were logical Services, October 13, 1997) conducted to develop an understanding of The purpose of this inventory was to identify the issues to be addressed in the planning features or resources in the corridor of process and to identify interested persons. archaeological, cultural and historic interest to Key issues addressed included: problems with the community and visitors. The history of the existing roadway (including Washaway the corridor is described in this report, Beach and standing water around Grayland), including both pre- and post-European water quality issues involving cranberry bogs contact. The report was developed in consul- and oysters, the narrow highway right-of-way tation with the Shoalwater Bay tribe and that limited ability to set back power poles or other local residents, and through research provide for bicycle and pedestrian movement, involving the National Register of Historic opportunities for tourism enhancement, and Places, the Washington Heritage Register and existing congestion problems and roadway other resources. Key features with archaeo- safety concerns. logical, historic and/or cultural significance are identified and opportunities for interpre- Landscape Framework Draft (Jones and Jones, tation are discussed. August 1997) This report identified major landscape Natural Environmental Inventory for characteristics and features in the corridor and SR 105 Corridor Management Plan grouped similar areas into districts and subdistricts. These groupings were intended (Parametrix, Inc., November 1997) to serve as an organizing theme for informa- The natural environment surrounding SR 105 tion obtained and analyzed about the corri- is a vital part of its unique character and is dor and to serve as the basis for future critical to the natural resource- and tourism- community-based planning efforts. Three based industries that are a major part of the separate districts were identified including local economy. Key natural resources that Willapa Bay, the Pacific Beaches and Grays were identified included: fish-bearing streams Harbor. Within these districts, several subdis- that cross the highway, sites within 0.5 miles tricts were identified that focused on identifi- of the highway where listed wildlife species able communities and other historic or natural were reported, and priority habitat, wetlands area places. and National Wildlife Refuges adjacent to the

81 highway. Four stream crossing locations were along the SR 105 corridor. The analysis identified with blockages to fish passage. Five documented in this report includes all modes different types of wetlands were identified for of transportation and is intended to identify a total of 973 acres of wetlands within 200 problems, constraints and opportunities feet of the highway. Locations with recre- affecting access to and travel within the ational potential related to shellfish collection corridor, with particular emphasis on seasonal or wildlife viewing were also identified. fluctuations in travel demand. Consultation with local residents also played a key role in Stakeholder Inventory Summaries (Pacific Rim the identification of roadway deficiencies that Resources, January 1998) included: Washaway Beach, drainage problems Thirteen stakeholder interviews were con- in the Grayland area, various safety concerns, ducted during the study phase involving congestion near Aberdeen and expected near identification of key issues/concerns and the new Stafford Creek prison, access and opportunities for corridor enhancement. parking, bicycle and pedestrian circulation and These interviews were conducted to broaden signage. public outreach efforts by soliciting input from a diverse, yet targeted group of individu- Economic Inventory for SR 105 Corridor als who had initially expressed interest in the Management Plan (Parametrix, Inc., February planning process. Respondents almost 1998) unanimously expressed the view that tourism is The economic inventory was prepared to and will be the primary economic engine for document and characterize economic condi- the area. There was concern with the seasonal tions and economic development activity in influx of visitors and with the inadequacy of the SR 105 corridor. This information was certain facilities in the corridor such as subsequently used to both understand the signage, provision for non-motorized travel function of SR 105 in Grays Harbor and and general tourist-related amenities. Pacific Counties and to assess the implications Interviewees were optimistic about opportuni- of various corridor management strategies, ties for partnerships to implement projects projects and potential highway improvements. within the corridor. The inventory includes information related to population, employment and income trends; SR 105 Corridor Management Plan, Trans- commuting patterns for SR 105 region portation Inventory (Parametrix, Inc., Febru- residents, existing and historic economic ary, 1998) activity related to tourism, economic forecasts including population and employment, and This inventory documents the existing and economic development plans within or projected future transportation conditions affecting the corridor.

82 Visual Resources Inventory for SR 105 public lands management and opportunities Corridor Management Plan (Jones and Jones, for enhancement of the corridor, general February 1998) economic trends as drivers for development, This report documents the existing visual and the public and private working landscapes environment within the corridor, as well as (e.g., forests and farms). existing state and local policies regarding scenic resources. Included in the inventory of Recreational Resources Inventory for SR 105 visual resources are the results of the Viewer- Corridor Management Plan (Parametrix, Employed Photography process. This process Inc., March 1998) involves having local residents photograph the This report looked at the range of recre- most important features or landscapes in the ational opportunities available to residents corridor and identify sensitivity to change of and visitors in the SR 105 corridor including: a pictured resource, its importance to the beach recreation, pleasure driving and bicycle corridor and its basic qualities (be they scenic, touring, nature-based recreation, fishing and natural, recreational, historic, cultural or hunting, and cultural or heritage-related archaeological). The visual resource inventory recreation. Existing sites and facilities are provided one of the inputs into the identifi- documented and discussed. The report also cation of the corridor resources around which addressed existing plans and policies that the Corridor Management Plan was formu- influence the development and operation of lated. recreational facilities in the corridor.

Built Environment Inventory for SR 105 SR 105 Community Workshop Summary Corridor Management Plan (Parametrix, (Pacific Rim Resources, March 1998) Inc., March 1998) Six community workshops were held in the The purpose of this inventory is to provide a corridor to discuss major issues, concerns and description of the manmade environment as opportunities that had been identified during its exists along the corridor today. The the development of inventory reports and inventory includes cities, towns, agricultural through the earlier public involvement pro- areas, the Shoalwater Bay Reservation and cess. Goals for the Corridor Management parks. It identifies major public and private Plan were discussed, as well as ideas on action land ownership patterns, and it documents strategies and concepts for project implemen- existing generalized land use plans, zoning and tation. Discussion was focused around three public policies that affect the corridor by major subject areas: quality of life and the controlling or influencing activities along the conservation of resources, the visitor experi- highway. The report considers the following ence, and safety/mobility. Opportunities for types of issues: general growth trends, corridor interpretation, better signage and potential for urban development based on corridor marketing were also discussed at existing comprehensive plans and zoning, several workshops.

83 Photo & Illustration Credits

Photos courtesy the Jones Photo Co. Historical Collection, Aberdeen, WA.: p.37 photo No. 4492 p.68 photo No. 4231

Photos courtesy Historical Photograph Collections, Washington State University Libraries, Pullman, WA: p.55 Bicycles at Westport, by Pratsch. Neg. No. 79-116

Photos courtesy Pacific County Historical Society Collection, South Bend, WA: p. 6, bot. Willapa Bay Oyster Sloop (“Plunger”) PCHS# 1998.51 p. 7, bot. Clam Diggers, circa 1900 PCHS# 1998.50.1, Bill Jacobsen Collection p. 8, top Crab Party, Tokeland WA, circa 1910 PCHS# 1994.104.123 p. 9, top Andrew Wasberg and Walter Helm Logging on Lower North River PCHS# 1994.112.1 p.10 Oyster Harvesting, Willapa Bay, circa 1910 PCHS# 1998.51, Wilson Family Collection p.11 Cranberry Harvesting in Grayland PCHS# 10-1-83 p.12 Tokeland Beach Scene, circa 1910 PCHS# 10-2-88-1, Bill Jacobsen Collection p.36, top Breeches Buoy Drill North Cove Lifesaving Station, circa 1910 PCHS# 1998.50.2, Bill Jacobsen Collection p.36, bottom Tokeland Hotel, Kindred Basket Collection, circa 1910 PCHS# 10-30-80-2 (3) p. 7, top Photo courtesy of Robert Street, Victor Street, photographer: p. 6, top Photo courtesy Special Collections Division, University of Washington Libraries, Seattle, WA. Photo by Edward S. Curtis, Neg. #NA 228

Drawings and graphics courtesy South Bend Journal, South Bend, WA: Pages 1, 2,10, 57

84 Photo B Illustration Credits

Photos courtesy the Jones Photo Co. Historical Collection, Aberdeen, WA.: p.37 photo No. 4492 p.68 photo Iv-o. 423 1

Photos courtesy Historical Photograph Collections, Washington State University Libraries, Pullman, WL4: p.55 Bicycles at Wstport, by Pratsch. Neg. No. 79-I I6

Photos courtesy Pacific Counry Historical Society Collection, South Bend, WA: p. 6, hot. Wapa Bay Oyster Sloop (Tunger’J PCHS# 1998.51 p. 7, bot. Clam Diggers, circa 2900 PCHS# 1998.5O.I, Bill Jacobsen Collection P, 4 top Crab Party, Tokeland WI,circa 1910 PCHS# 1994.104.123 P. 9, top Andrew W&berg and Walter Helm Loging on Lower North River PCHS# 1994.112.1 p.10 Oyster Harvesting, W&pa Bay, circa 2 9ZO PCHS# 1998.51, Wilson Family Collection p.11 Cranberry Harvesting in Grayland PCHS# IO-I-83 p.12 Zkeland Beach Scene, circa 1910 PCHS# 10-2-88-1, Bill Jacobsen Collection p.36, top Breeches Buoy Drill North Cove L_fI esaving Station, circa 19 10 PCHS# 1998.50.2, Bill Jacobsen Collection p.36, bottom Tokeland Hotel, Kindred Basket Collection, circa 19 10 PCHS# 10-30-80-2 (3)

P. 7, top Photo courtesy of Robert Street, Victor Street, photographer: p. 6 top Photo courtesy Special Collections Division,University of Washington Libraries, Seattle, WA. Photo by Edward S. Curtis, Neg. #NA 228

Drawings and graphics courtesy South Bend Journal, South Bend, WA: Pages 1, 2,10, 57