Joint Force Quarterly

0116C1Display 10/3/97 1:17 PM Page 1 JFQJOINT FORCE QUARTERLY What Is Jointness? Civil Affairs and MOOTW THE QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW Summer97 Military Innovation Joint Training: Taking Sides A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL 0216PGS 10/3/97 8:16 AM Page C2 Very near the heart of all foreign affairs is the relationship between policy and military power. —McGeorge Bundy Cov 2 JFQ / Summer 1997 0316PGS 10/3/97 8:22 AM Page 1 JFQ AWord from the Chairman In May of this year, Secretary Cohen and I appeared before the armed services committees of Congress to present the Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review. This report is the result of many months of hard work, incorporating extensive analysis by our brightest minds. The services and unified commands were integrated into the process at each step. It represents our best thinking to date about how to maintain a trained, ready force to support national objectives and prepare for an uncertain future. The QDR process recognized that we face biological weapons, attacking information nodes, continuing instability in many parts of the world. or through terrorism. Resurgent nationalism, the challenge of new and Our analysis reaffirmed that having the abil- failing states, religious conflicts, and interna- ity to fight two overlapping, major theater wars is tional terrorism make the security environment essential in exercising global leadership. Although dangerous and unpre- we will not face a peer competitor in the near or dictable. The threat from mid term, regional powers and coalitions hostile the QDR process recognized weapons of mass destruc- to our interests, values, and allies still confront that we face continuing tion—unleashed by either a us. While some question a two-theater strategy, it rogue state or a terrorist or is clear that our ability to deter major conflicts, instability in many parts criminal organization—is of with the human tragedy and suffering they en- of the world growing concern. Because tail, is based upon our ability to project power on we are the dominant mili- a global scale and overwhelm adversaries rapidly tary power, potential adver- and decisively. saries may seek to counter our military superior- ity with asymmetric means, by using chemical or (continued on page 4) Summer 1997 / JFQ 1 0316PGS 10/3/97 8:22 AM Page 2 I CONTENTS 1 A Word from the Chairman 39 Improving the Management by John M. Shalikashvili of Reserve Forces by John C.F. Tillson I FROM THE FIELD AND FLEET I CIVIL AFFAIRS AND MOOTW: 6 Letters to the Editor FOUR BALKAN SKETCHES JFQ 45 Joint Endeavor— I The Role of Civil Affairs 8 Report of the Quadrennial by Pamela J. Brady Defense Review by William S. Cohen 48 The National Support Element in Hungary 15 National Security in the by Bruce Castka 21st Century: The Challenge of Transformation 50 Transition of the by the National Defense Panel Sarajevo Suburbs by Kevin F. McCarroll and 20 The QDR Process— Donald R. Zoufal An Alternative View by Jim Courter and Alvin H. Bernstein 54 The Challenge of Civil-Military Operations 27 Whatever Happened to by John J. Tuozzolo Defense Industrial Preparedness? I by Ivars Gutmanis and John F. Starns 59 War Criminals—Testing the Limits of Military Force 34 The Sisyphus Paradox: by F.M. Lorenz Framing the Acquisition Reform Debate I OUT OF JOINT by Linda S. Brandt and Francis W. A’Hearn 66 What Exactly Is Jointness? by Lawrence B. Wilkerson I 69 Thinking About Revolutions PHOTO CREDITS in Military Affairs JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY The cover features F–15C at Jordanian air base (U.S. by Williamson Murray JFQ Air Force/Paul R. Caron). The front inside cover shows C–17 (U.S. Air Force/Andy Dunaway), patrol during Joint Guard (55th Signal Company, Combat Camera/ 77 Military Innovation and Angel Clemons), Marines, Kernel Blitz ’97 (Fleet Imaging Command, Pacific/Carl Richard), linehandlers Carrier Aviation—The on board USS Stout during replenishment in the Relevant History What Is Jointness? Atlantic (U.S. Navy/Joe Hendricks). The table of con- Civil Affairs and MOOTW THE QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW tents shows helicopter crewman sharing food with by Jan M. van Tol Summer97 Military Innovation Bosnian children (U.S. Navy/Chris Vickers). The back Leveraging Joint Training A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL inside cover captures soldiers in Tuzla (U.S. Army/ Larry Lane). The back cover renders M1A1 at Twenty- 88 On Machine Guns and nine Palms (2d Marine Division, Combat Camera/ R.L. Kigler), A–10 at Aviano for Deliberate Guard (U.S. Air Force/Steve Thurow), Precision Engagement landing craft moving to USS Denver (Fleet Combat Camera Group,Pacific/ by Price T. Bingham Jeff Viano), soldiers heading for Camp McGovern after air assault in Bosnia (55th Signal Company, Combat Camera/Tracey L. Hall-Leahy). 2 JFQ / Summer 1997 0316PGS 10/3/97 8:22 AM Page 3 SUMMER 1997 / NUMBER 16 91 Searching for Policy I OF CHIEFS AND CHAIRMEN Coherence: The DOD Space 115 Louis Emil Denfeld Architect as an Experiment by Joan Johnson-Freese and I THE JOINT WORLD Robert Handberg 116 Organization, Lessons 97 Information Warfare Learned, and History at the Crossroads by Brian E. Fredericks I OFF THE SHELF 119 A New Paradigm for the Army: A Review Essay by F.G. Hoffman 121 ‘L’ Is for Logistics: A Book Review by Joseph E. Muckerman II 122 The Great War and the Birth of Armored Warfare: A Book Review by Williamson Murray 104 Leveraging Technology for Joint Training 123 War and Peace in the New by Jack Walker World Order: A Book Review by William H. Lewis 109 Leveraging Human Interaction for Joint Training 124 Cumulative Index (1996–97): by John Howard Eisenhour and Issues 13–16 Edward Marks Joint Force Quarterly Hans Binnendijk Patrick M. Cronin Director Robert A. Silano Director for Strategy and Policy Analysis Institute for National Strategic Studies Institute for National Strategic Studies Editor Editor-in-Chief Consulting Editor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Calvin B. Kelley Production Coordinator William A. Rawley Copy Editor Typography and Design Division U.S. Government Printing Office JFQ is published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Art Director topics of common interest to the Armed Forces (see page 128 by the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National De- for details). Please direct all editorial communications to: fense University, to promote understanding of the integrated Editor, Joint Force Quarterly employment of land, sea, air, space, and special operations portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted ATTN: NDU–NSS–JFQ forces. The journal focuses on joint doctrine, coalition warfare, without permission of copyright proprietors. An acknowledg- 300 Fifth Avenue (Bldg. 62) contingency planning, combat operations conducted by the ment to Joint Force Quarterly should be made whenever mate- Fort Lesley J. McNair unified commands, and joint force development. rial is quoted from or based on its contents. Washington, D.C. 20319–5066 The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations ex- This publication has been approved by the Secretary of pressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do Defense. Telephone: (202) 685–4220 / DSN 325–4220 not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense The editors invite articles and other contributions on joint Fax: (202) 685–4219 / DSN 325–4219 or any other agency of the Federal Government. Copyrighted warfighting, interservice issues that support jointness, and e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine ISSN 1070–0692 August 1997 Summer 1997 / JFQ 3 0316PGS 10/3/97 8:22 AM Page 4 Joint Force Quarterly I A WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN GEN John M. Shalikashvili, USA (continued from page 1) Publisher We also see a continuing requirement for ADVISORY COMMITTEE forces to conduct contingency operations across the entire spectrum, from natural disasters and hu- LTG Richard A. Chilcoat, USA I National Defense University Chairman manitarian assistance to peace enforcement and noncombatant evacuations. While we will not sac- BG David A. Armstrong, USA (Ret.) I Office of the Chairman rifice readiness for core warfighting missions, mili- VADM Dennis C. Blair, USN I The Joint Staff tary operations other than war will remain an im- portant part of our strategy of engagement. A. Denis Clift I Joint Military Intelligence College The Clinton administration’s strategy of Col K.A. Conry, USMC I Marine Corps Command and Staff College shape-respond-prepare was fully reflected in the MG John S. Cowings, USA I Industrial College of the Armed Forces QDR report. We shape the strategic environment with forward presence, combined exercises, secu- Brig Gen Jerry M. Drennan, USAF I Air Command and Staff College rity assistance, and a host of other programs that BG Joseph R. Inge, USA I U.S. Army Command and General Staff College keep us engaged in critical regions and help Brig Gen William R. Looney III, USAF I Armed Forces Staff College defuse potential conflict. When necessary, we respond to crises through a combination of forward Col David M. Lumsden, USMC I Marine Corps War College deployed forces, pre-positioned equipment and Brig Gen Ralph Pasini, USAF I The Joint Staff supplies, and trained, ready forces which can rapidly move to the scene. MG Robert H. Scales I U.S. Army War College At the same time we must prepare for the fu- Maj Gen D. Bruce Smith, USAF I Air War College ture with a well-conceived, adequately funded RADM James R. Stark, USN I Naval War College modernization program that provides the Armed Forces the right tools, right technology, and right systems to assure dominance over any opponent. EDITORIAL BOARD Joint Vision 2010, our conceptual template for fu- Hans Binnendijk I National Defense University ture joint operations, will help integrate new sys- Chairman tems with evolving joint doctrine to ensure that Richard K.

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