Università Degli Studi Di Perugia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Università Degli Studi Di Perugia UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PERUGIA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN “SCIENZE ZOOTECNICHE XXI CICLO settore scientifico disciplinare “AGR17” "DIFFERENZIAZIONE GENETICA E DINAMICHE DI POPOLAZIONE NEL MERINO EUROPEO" VINCENZO LANDI RELATORE: Prof. ssa Francesca Maria Sarti CO RELATORE: Dr.ssa Amparo Maria Martìnez Martìnez COORDINATORE: Prof. Luciano Morbidini A. A. 2007/08 Soldato persiano: “Arrenditi o i nostri dardi oscureranno il sole!!” Leonida: “Ah! Allora combatteremo nell’ombra!” Erodoto Non sopporto chi non sa prendere sul serio il cibo! Oscar Wilde “La libertà, Sancho, è uno dei doni più preziosi che i cieli abbiano concesso agli uomini: i tesori tutti che si trovano in terra o che stanno ricoperti dal mare non le si possono eguagliare: e per la libertà, come per l’onore, si può avventurare la vita”. Don Quijote II A Vincenzo A Mamma e Papà che della mia vita hanno fatto Il loro unico obiettivo dell’esistenza. A Laura che sei la mia forza interiore, il coraggio ed … intelligenza emotiva! III Sommario RIASSUNTO .................................................................................... 1 PREMESSA ..................................................................................... 3 RINGRAZIAMENTI .......................................................................... 4 INTRODUZIONE .............................................................................. 1 FILOGENESI DELL’OVINO DOMESTICO ........................................................................... 1 LA RAZZA MERINO .................................................................................................... 2 Storia e origine ................................................................................................ 2 Caratteristiche di razza .................................................................................... 4 La produzione di carne .................................................................................... 6 La produzione di lana ...................................................................................... 6 LE PRINCIPALI RAZZE EUROPEE. ................................................................................. 7 La Merino Portoghese ...................................................................................... 7 Le Merinizzate italiane ..................................................................................... 8 La Polski Merino ............................................................................................ 13 La Merino Francese ....................................................................................... 14 La Merinos Tedesca ....................................................................................... 18 LE MERINOS - IMMAGINI: ......................................................................................... 20 L’IMPORTANZA DELLO STUDIO DELLA DIVERSITÀ ANIMALE .............................................. 31 La caratterizzazione genetica tra genetica e scienza sociale. ............................ 31 La caratterizzazione e il concetto di razza ....................................................... 33 GLI STRUMENTI PER LA CARATTERIZZAZIONE GENETICA ................................................. 36 Dai marcatori fenotipici ai molecolari ............................................................. 36 Tipi di Marcatori molecolari basati sul DNA.................................................... 39 MARCATORI MICROSATELLITI .................................................................................. 47 Generalità ..................................................................................................... 47 Meccanismo di evoluzione e di Mutazione ...................................................... 50 La tecnica di studio dei microsatelliti. ............................................................ 53 ERRORI DI TIPIZZAZIONE. ........................................................................................ 63 Tipi e cause degli errori di determinazione del genotipo. ................................. 64 STATISTICA E GENOMICA. ........................................................................................ 70 IV Genoma e popolazione ................................................................................... 70 Il disegno sperimentale. ................................................................................. 71 Metodi d’inferenza classici ............................................................................. 78 Metodi d’inferenza probabilistici .................................................................... 83 IL DNA MITOCONDRIALE ......................................................................................... 85 Teoria evolutiva dei mitocondri ...................................................................... 85 Il genoma mitocondriale ................................................................................ 85 Il genoma mitocondriale ovino ....................................................................... 91 Dna Mitocondriale e Filogenesi ...................................................................... 93 Lo studio del DNA mitocondriale nella pecora domestica ................................ 95 SCOPO DELLA TESI .................................................................... 105 MATERIALI E METODI ................................................................ 106 STUDIO DELLA BIODIVERSITÀ TRAMITE MARCATORI MICROSATELLITI. ............................ 106 Campionamento .......................................................................................... 106 Estrazione e conservazione del DNA ............................................................. 107 Disegno del panel di microsatelliti ................................................................ 108 Amplificazione delle sequenze ed Elettroforesi .............................................. 111 Analisi statistica dei dati. ............................................................................ 113 STUDIO DEL DNA MITOCONDRIALE .......................................................................... 116 Disegno dei primer ...................................................................................... 116 Studio della sequenza .................................................................................. 118 Le razze studiate ......................................................................................... 120 Analisi Statistica ......................................................................................... 121 RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE ........................................................ 124 MARCATORI MICROSATELLITI ................................................................................. 124 Diversità genetica ........................................................................................ 124 Studio della differenziazione genetica ........................................................... 134 DIVERSITÀ E STUDIO FILOGENETICO CON IL DNA MITOCONDRIALE. ................................ 152 Diversità aplotipica ...................................................................................... 152 differenziazione genetica .............................................................................. 153 CONCLUSIONI ............................................................................ 163 BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................................................... 164 V Indice delle tabelle Tabella 1: principali caratteristiche della produzione di lana del Merino Spagnolo ......................................... 6 Tabella 2: possibilità d’uso di alcune principali distanze genetiche in base al modello e alle dimensioni della divergenza (Eding & Laval 1998). ........................................................................................................ 80 Tabella 3: Alcune caratteristiche del DNA mitocondriale a confronto con quello nucleare. ........................... 89 Tabella 4: razze utilizzate nello studio e rispettiva origine geografica, numero d’individui e abbreviazione.* Il M. Precoce (razza francese) e il M. Fleischaf (razza tedesca) sono oggi allevati in gran numero in Spagna mentre sono diventate rare nei paesi di origine. .................................................................................106 Tabella 5: Alcune caratteristiche dei marcatori utilizzati e relativo riferimento bibliografico. 1, Moore et al. (1997); Buchanan et al. (Buchanan et al. 1991); 3, Bishop et al. (Bishop et al. 1994); 4, Moore & Byrne (Moore & Byrne 1993); 5, Davies et al. (Davies et al. 1996); 6, Vaiman et al. (Vaiman et al. 1994); 7, Steffen et al. (Steffen et al. 1993); 8 e 9 Buchanan & Crawford (1992; 1993); 10, Ihara et al. (Ihara et al. 2004); 11, Blattman et al. (Blattman & Beh 1992); 12, Hulme et al. (Hulme et al. 1994); 13, (Brezinsky et al. 1993); 14, Geroger & Massey (Georges & Massey 1992); 15, De Gortari et al. (De Gortari et al. 1997); 16, Solinas Toldo et al. (Solinas Toldo et al. 1993); 17, Kossarek et al. (Kossarek et al. 1993); 18, Ede et al. (Ede et al. 1995);19, Penty et al. (Penty et al. 1993);20, Pierson et al. (Pierson et al. 1993);21, Broom et al. (Broom et al. 1996). ........................................................................................................109 Tabella 6: Caratterististe delle reazioni multiplex e dell’elettroforesi. ...........................................................110 Tabella 7: Miscela
Recommended publications
  • Genomic Signatures of Adaptive Introgression from European
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genomic signatures of adaptive introgression from European moufon into domestic sheep Received: 23 September 2016 Mario Barbato 1,2, Frank Hailer2, Pablo Orozco-terWengel 2, James Kijas3, Paolo Mereu 4, Accepted: 22 June 2017 Pierangela Cabras5, Rafaele Mazza6, Monica Pirastru 4 & Michael W. Bruford2 Published: xx xx xxxx Moufon (Ovis aries musimon) became extinct from mainland Europe after the Neolithic, but remnant populations from the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia have been used for reintroductions across Europe since the 19th-century. Moufon x sheep hybrids are larger-bodied than moufon, potentially showing increased male reproductive success, but little is known about genomic levels of admixture, or about the adaptive signifcance of introgression between resident moufon and local sheep breeds. Here we analysed Ovine medium-density SNP array genotypes of 92 moufon from six geographic regions, along with data from 330 individuals of 16 domestic sheep breeds. We found lower levels of genetic diversity in moufon than in domestic sheep, consistent with past bottlenecks in moufon. Introgression signals were bidirectional and afected most moufon and sheep populations, being strongest in one Sardinian moufon population. Developing and using a novel approach to identify chromosomal regions with consistent introgression signals, we infer adaptive introgression from moufon to domestic sheep related to immunity mechanisms, but not in the opposite direction. Further, we infer that Soay and Sarda sheep carry introgressed moufon alleles involved in bitter taste perception and/or innate immunity. Our results illustrate the potential for adaptive introgression even among recently diverged populations. Introgression is increasingly documented as a potentially adaptive evolutionary force1, with recent developments in high-throughput genotyping and sequencing facilitating the detection of even small genomic regions that have been passed on from one taxon to another2.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Animal Review - Poste Italiane Spa - Spedizione in A.P
    Progetto5 12-09-2008 10:48 Pagina 1 SUPPLEMENTO AL N. 4 - AGOSTO 2008, ANNO 14 LAR ISSN: 1124-4593 Large Animal Review Indicizzato su CAB ABSTRACTS e GLOBAL HEALTH XVIII CONGRESSO NAZIONALE S.I.P.A.O.C. Società Italiana di Patologia ed Allevamento degli ovini e dei caprini Villa Cavenago - Trezzo sull’Adda (MI) 17-20 settembre 2008 Relazioni delle Tavole Rotonde Comunicazioni Scientifiche SUPPL. - SPEDIZIONE IN A.P. SPA AL N. - D.L. LARGE ANIMAL REVIEW - POSTE ITALIANE 2008 DELLA RIVISTA 353/2003 (CONV. 4 - AGOSTO IN L. 27/02/2004 N. 46) ART. 1, COMMA 1, DCB PIACENZA Società Italiana Veterinari per Animali da Reddito Società Federata ANMVI Progetto5 12-09-2008 10:48 Pagina 2 Merial Italia spa - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Strada 6, Palazzo E/5 - 20090 Assago (MI) Tel. 02.57.76.61 - Fax 02.57.766.301 - E-mail: [email protected] - www.merial.com ® MILOXAN è un marchio di Merial. © Copyright 2002. Tutti i diritti riservati. VETERINARI AI MEDICI ESCLUSIVAMENTE COMUNICAZIONE RISERVATA Iniziali_SIPAOC_imp 11-09-2008 9:28 Pagina i Editors: Annarita Di Cerbo, Mario Luini, Maria Teresa Manfredi, Marco Ruggeri ® OVAX GARANZIA LATTE Iniziali_SIPAOC_imp 11-09-2008 9:28 Pagina ii è FATRO è italiano AGALASSIAVaccino inattivato contro degli ovini l’Agalassia Contagiosa ... la garanzia per il latte delle tue pecore. CONFEZIONI: Flacone da 100 ml Flacone da 250 ml Iniziali_SIPAOC_imp 11-09-2008 9:28 Pagina iii Consiglio Direttivo S.I.P.A.O.C. Presidente Giovanni Garippa Vice-Presidente Guido Bufano Tesoriere Antonello Carta Consiglieri Anna
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Rate, Meat Quality and Fatty Acids Composition of “Agnello Di Sardegna” PGI Light Lambs
    Research Article Agri Res & Tech: Open Access J Volume 25 Issue 2 - December 2020 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Marco Acciaro DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2020.25.556305 Growth rate, meat quality and fatty acids composition of “Agnello di Sardegna” PGI light lambs Marco Acciaro1*, Corrado Dimauro2, Maria Sitzia1, Carla Manca1, Myriam Fiori1, Margherita Addis1, Valeria Giovanetti1 and Mauro Decandia1 1AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, 07040 Olmedo, Italy 2Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy Submission: November 30, 2020; Published:December 18, 2020 *Corresponding author: Marco Acciaro, AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, 07040 Olmedo, Italy Abstract male lambs, homogeneous for age and litter size and consisting of seven pure Sarda (S X S) and seven crossbred Ile de France x Sarda (IF X S) lambsThe workwere aimscompared to fill forthe growth knowledge rate, gapdressing-out on performance percent, and chemical meat quality composition, of “Agnello fatty diacids Sardegna” (FA) composition PGI light lambs. of Longissimus To this end lumborum fourteen muscle and some nutritional indexes. Lambs suckled and followed their mothers at pasture until slaughtering at17±3 kg Live Weight and 50±1 days old, (means±s.d). The SXS lambs showed higher content of some healthy fatty acids (EPA) and better values of some nutritional indexes (Thrombogenic and Ipo-ipercholesterolemic index). The effect of litter size was more pronounced than sire effect, affecting both chemical and FA composition of light lambs. The single lambs showed higher branched chain fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acid, CLA and other healthy fatty light lamb meat.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Local Sheep and Goat Breeds and Their Products As a Tool for Sustainability and Safeguard of the Mediterranean Environment
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283773410 The Role of Local Sheep and Goat Breeds and Their Products as a Tool for Sustainability and Safeguard of the Mediterranean Environment Article · January 2015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16357-4_7 CITATIONS READS 9 170 7 authors, including: Adriana Di Trana Lucia Sepe Università degli Studi della Basilicata Council for Agricultural Research and Economics 45 PUBLICATIONS 618 CITATIONS 48 PUBLICATIONS 322 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Paola Di Gregorio Maria Antonietta Di Napoli Università degli Studi della Basilicata 15 PUBLICATIONS 88 CITATIONS 55 PUBLICATIONS 787 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Supporto alla progettazione e all'innovazione per le filiere agricole nelle aree SNAI View project Feta cheese geographical discrimination View project All content following this page was uploaded by Adriana Di Trana on 11 January 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Role of Local Sheep and Goat Breeds and Their Products as a Tool for Sustainability and Safeguard of the Mediterranean Environment Adriana Di Trana, Lucia Sepe, Paola Di Gregorio, Maria A. Di Napoli, Daniela Giorgio, Anna R. Caputo, and Salvatore Claps Abstract This chapter is a survey of recent studies on native sheep and goat breeds with special emphasis on their role as a tool of sustainability. After a short overview, strategies for adding value to the local breeds are described together with a synthesis of measures in support of animal biodiversity in marginal areas of Mediterranean environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 19Th ASPA Congress, Cremona, June 7-10, 2011
    Italian Journal of Animal Science ISSN: (Print) 1828-051X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjas20 Proceedings of the 19th ASPA Congress, Cremona, June 7-10, 2011 To cite this article: (2011) Proceedings of the 19th ASPA Congress, Cremona, June 7-10, 2011, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10:sup1, 1-138, DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.s1 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2011.s1 Copyright 2011 The Authors Published online: 24 May 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 756 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjas20 ASPA 19th Congress Cremona, June 7-10, 2011 Italian Journal of Animal Science 2011; volume 10: supplement 1 Agenda for oral presentations Tuesday June 7 - Animal breeding and genetics - Sala Maffei 14.00-14.15 Francesco Tiezzi, Mauro Penasa, Alessio Cecchinato, Christian Maltecca, Giovanni Bittante Genetic and environmental factors affecting fertility in Italian Brown Swiss cows .........................................................................C-001 14.15-14.30 Cristina Sartori, Roberto Mantovani Effects of inbreeding on fighting ability in Aosta Chestnut and Aosta Black Pied cattle.................................................................C-002 14.30-14.45 Mara Battagin, Mauro Penasa, Martino Cassandro Flow analysis of Holstein bulls daughters during progeny test...............................................................................................................C-003
    [Show full text]
  • A First Comparative Map of Copy Number Variations in the Sheep
    Genomics 97 (2011) 158–165 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Genomics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ygeno A first comparative map of copy number variations in the sheep genome L. Fontanesi a,⁎, F. Beretti a,b, P.L. Martelli c, M. Colombo a, S. Dall'Olio a, M. Occidente d, B. Portolano b, R. Casadio c, D. Matassino d, V. Russo a a DIPROVAL, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Via F.lli Rosselli 107, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy b Dept. S.En.Fi.Mi.Zo., Sezione di Produzioni Animali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze – Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy c Biocomputing Group, Dept. of Experimental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 9/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy d ConSDABI – Italian Sub National Focal Point FAO AnGR (Mediterranean Biodiversity), 82100 Benevento, Italy article info abstract Article history: We carried out a cross species cattle–sheep array comparative genome hybridization experiment to identify Received 8 September 2010 copy number variations (CNVs) in the sheep genome analysing ewes of Italian dairy or dual-purpose breeds Accepted 16 November 2010 (Bagnolese, Comisana, Laticauda, Massese, Sarda, and Valle del Belice) using a tiling oligonucleotide array Available online 24 November 2010 with ~385,000 probes designed on the bovine genome. We identified 135 CNV regions (CNVRs; 24 reported in more than one animal) covering ~10.5 Mb of the virtual sheep genome referred to the bovine genome Keywords: aCGH (0.398%) with a mean and a median equal to 77.6 and 55.9 kb, respectively. A comparative analysis between fi Comparative map the identi ed sheep CNVRs and those reported in cattle and goat genomes indicated that overlaps between Copy number variation sheep and both other species CNVRs are highly significant (Pb0.0001), suggesting that several chromosome Ovis aries regions might contain recurrent interspecies CNVRs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Correlation of Production Characteristics with the Genetic Variants of the Encoding Locus of Β-Lactoglobulin in Three Sheep Breeds from Romania
    Archiva Zootechnica 14:1, 41-49, 2011 41 The correlation of production characteristics with the genetic variants of the encoding locus of β-lactoglobulin in three sheep breeds from Romania S. E. Georgescu1, Nicoleta Isfan2, Steliana Maria Elvira Kevorkian1, Mariana Rebedea1, Marieta Costache1 1University of Bucharest, Molecular Biology Center 2University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest SUMMARY The aim of this study is the genetic characterization of the β-lactoglobulin locus in the indigenous sheep breeds Karakul of Botosani, Merino Palace and Palace milk line. For animal breeders, the genetic polymorphism of milk proteins is of great interest because of milk composition and quality and yield parameters. The polymorphism of the β-lactoglobulin locus was analyzed in three breeds using the RFLP technique. In order to perform this analysis, we designated primers to amplify the polymorphic region at the level of the encoding gene for the β-lactoglobulin protein and the fragments amplified were subjected to endonuclease Rsa I digestion. The fragments resulting from restriction were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, identifying thus the allele variants present. The results of the study suggest the possibility of a selection process induced in order to improve the production performance for milk. The using of genetic markers in animal selection is a successful strategy for production systems, the result of applying such methods leads to increasing productivity, product quality and of the benefits obtained in the field of livestock farming. Keywords: sheep, β-lactoglobulin, genotyping, production parameters. INTRODUCTION Livestock genome study was the subject of numerous investigations aimed at clarifying some aspects of molecular structure, regulation and expression of genes that are considered to be involved in increased animal productivity and reproductive performance.
    [Show full text]
  • GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION of ALPINE SHEEP BREEDS Chiara
    Acta agriculturae Slovenica, suplement 2 (september 2008), 79–84. http://aas.bf.uni-lj.si Agris category codes: L10 COBISS Code 1.08 GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPINE SHEEP BREEDS Chiara DALVIT a), Elena SACCA b), Martino CASSANDRO a), Martina GERVASO a), Emilio PASTORE a) and Edi PIASENTIER b) a) University of Padova, Department of Animal Science, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy b) University of Udine, Department of Animal Science, via S. Mauro 2, 33010 Pagnacco (UD), Italy ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize from the genetic point of view eight alpine sheep breeds reared in Italy (Bergamasca, Biellese, Schwarzbraunes Bergschaf and Tiroler Bergschaf), Germany (Brillenschaf and Weisses Bergschaf) and Slovenia (Bovška and Jezerzko-Solčavska) through the use of microsatellite molecular markers. Allelic richness was rather high in each breed highlighting a considerable genetic diversity. However, the study evidenced a significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all analyzed breeds caused by a heterozygote deficiency. Such lack seems to be caused by a rather high level of inbreeding. The genetic differentiation among breeds was rather low (FST = 0.064) but significant. The neighbour-joining tree obtained from Reynolds’ genetic distance estimates, showed the presence of three groups formed by the three Bergschaf breeds, the Italian Bergamasca and Biellese and the two Slovenian breeds together with the German Brillenschaf. Such grouping is in accordance with the breeds’ region of origin and with their known history. Concluding, microsatellite resulted to be a useful tool to investigate breed variability and to characterize alpine sheep breeds. Obtained findings suggest the need to set up a conservation plan aiming to safeguard and increase the genetic variability of the studied breeds compromised by the high level of inbreeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Missense Mutations in the PCP4 and CD109 Genes to Validate the Effect of Neutral Genetic Markers
    Czech J. Anim. Sci., 61, 2016 (7): 317–325 Original Paper doi: 10.17221/30/2015-CJAS Identification of missense mutations in the PCP4 and CD109 genes to validate the effect of neutral genetic markers B. Moioli1, L. De Grossi2, R. Steri1, F. Pilla3 1Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics, Monterotondo, Italy 2Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale, Viterbo, Italy 3Department of Animal, Vegetable and Environmental Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy ABSTRACT: The marker-assisted selection exploits anonymous genetic markers that have been associated with measurable differences on complex traits. Because it is based on the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the polymorphic markers and the polymorphisms which code for the trait, its success is limited to the popula- tion in which the association has been assessed. The identification of the gene with effect on the target trait and the detection of the functional mutations will allow selection in independent populations, while encour- aging studies on gene expression. In a flock of sheep infected with M. paratuberculosis, a genome-wide scan, performed with the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip, had identified two candidate genes, the PCP4 and the CD109, located in proximity of the markers with significant allele substitution effect on the positivity level at paratuberculosis serological assessment. The coding region of the two genes was directly sequenced. Three missense mutations were detected: two in the PCP4 gene and one in the second exon of the CD109 gene, the latter showing a strong LD with the anonymous marker. Direct sequencing of the DNA of sheep of different populations showed that disequilibrium was maintained.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing the Genetic Variation of Dairy Sarda and Spanish Meat Ovine Breeds
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE VETERINARIE PHD SCHOOL IN VETERINARY SCIENCE INDIRIZZO: Riproduzione, Produzione e Benessere Animale (XXVIII CICLO) CURRICULUM: Animal Reproduction, Production and Welfare (28TH COURSE) ANALYZING THE GENETIC VARIATION OF DAIRY SARDA AND SPANISH MEAT OVINE BREEDS Docenti Guida Supervisors DOTT. MICHELE PAZZOLA (Università degli Studi di Sassari) PROF. MARCEL AMILLS ERAS (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Direttore Director PROF. SERGIO LEDDA Tesi di dottorato della PhD thesis by DOTT.SSA ANTONIA NOCE ANNO ACCADEMICO ACADEMIC YEAR 2014 – 2015 Iniziare un nuovo cammino spaventa, ma dopo ogni passo ci rendiamo conto di quanto fosse pericoloso rimanere fermi. R. Benigni Contents Summary page 1 1 Introduction page 3 1.1 The concept of breed ” 4 1.2 The diversity of sheep breeds at a worldwide scale ” 8 1.3 The Sarda sheep and its economic importance ” 10 1.4 Spanish meat ovine breeds: origins, conservation 14 status and productive abilities ” 1.5 The genetics of milk traits in sheep ” 19 1.6 Genetics of carcass and meat quality traits ” 24 Analyzing the diversity of sheep by genome 1.7 ” 27 sequencing and RNA-seq 2 Objectives ” 35 3 Research papers ” 37 3.1 Variations at regulatory regions of the milk 38 protein genes are associated with milk traits and ” coagulation properties in the Sarda sheep 3.2 Estimating the population structure and the 79 amount of shared variation amongst Spanish ovine ” breeds 4 Discussion and conclusions ” 109 5 References ” 121 6 Acknowledgements ” 142 Antonia Noce, Analyzing the genetic variation of dairy Sarda and Spanish meat ovine breeds, PhD thesis Phd School in Veterinary Science, University of Sassari.
    [Show full text]
  • Coat Colours in the Massese Sheep Breed Are Associated with Mutations in the Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) and Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) Genes
    Animal (2011), 5:1, pp 8–17 & The Animal Consortium 2010 animal doi:10.1017/S1751731110001382 Coat colours in the Massese sheep breed are associated with mutations in the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genes - L. Fontanesi1 , S. Dall’Olio1, F. Beretti1,2, B. Portolano2 and V. Russo1 1DIPROVAL, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Via F.lli Rosselli 107, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy; 2Department of S.En.Fi.Mi.Zo., Sezione di Produzioni Animali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze – Parco d’Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy (Received 19 February 2010; Accepted 13 April 2010; First published online 1 July 2010) Massese is an Italian dairy sheep breed characterized by animals with black skin and horns and black or apparent grey hairs. Owing to the presence of these two coat colour types, this breed can be considered an interesting model to evaluate the effects of coat colour gene polymorphisms on this phenotypic trait. Two main loci have been already shown to affect coat colour in sheep: Agouti and Extension coding for the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genes, respectively. The Agouti locus is affected by a large duplication including the ASIP gene that may determine the Agouti white and tan allele (AWt). Other disrupting or partially inactivating mutations have been identified in exon 2 (a deletion of 5 bp, D5; and a deletion of 9 bp, D9) and in exon 4 (g.5172T.A, p.C126S) of the ASIP gene. Three missense mutations in the sheep MC1R gene cause the dominant black ED allele (p.M73K and p.D121N) and the putative recessive e allele (p.R67C).
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 7Th Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symposium
    Proceedings of the 7th Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symposium GUELPH IN 1830 NOVEMBER 1-3, 2001 EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH GREAT LAKES DAIRY SHEEP SYMPOSIUM November 1-3, 2001 EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN Organized By: Wisconsin Sheep Dairy Cooperative, Strum, Wisconsin, USA University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Spooner Agricultural Research Station Department of Animal Sciences Office of International Programs ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 7TH GREAT LAKES DAIRY SHEEP SYMPOSIUM Yves Berger, Spooner, Wisconsin, Chair Carolyn Craft, Fall River, Wisconsin Dan Guertin, Stillwater, Minnesota Tom and Laurel Kieffer, Strum, Wisconsin Larry and Emily Meisegeier, Bruce, Wisconsin Dave Thomas, Madison, Wisconsin Proceedings edited and compiled by: David L. Thomas, Madison, Wisconsin Susan Porter, Madison, Wisconsin Cover Design by: Susan Porter, Madison, Wisconsin Cover Photographs: Top: East Friesian crossbred ewes in the milking parlor at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Photo by Wolfgang Hoffmann. Bottom Left: One of the first East Friesian crossbred ewes born at the University of Wisconsin- Madison. Photo by Sarah Bates. Bottom Right: Specialty cheeses, many of them sheep milk cheeses, in Fairway Market, Manhattan, New York City. Photo by Dave Thomas. Copies of the 1995, 1996, and 1997 Proceedings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, respectively, Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symposia can be purchased from the Wisconsin Sheep Breeders Cooperative, 7811 Consolidated
    [Show full text]