And Thejihad
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Psychology of Terrorism
Psychology of Terrorism EDITED BY Bruce Bongar Lisa M. Brown Larry E. Beutler James N. Breckenridge Philip C. Zimbardo OXFORD USIVERSITT PRESS War Versus Justice in Response to Terrorist Attacks Competing Frames and Their Implications Clark McCauley Often lost m d~scussionof the September 11, 2001, terrorism. "On September the 11th. entmies of attacks on the World Trad? Center (WTC) 1s the freedom committed an act of war against our coun- fact that a very nmllar attack, v;lth similar moti- t~.. Our war on terror begns with a1 Qaeda. but vation and related perpetrators. occurred eight it does not end there. It m~llnot end until evey years earlier On February 16. 1993, a truck bomb terrorist group of global reach has been found. in the basement parking garage of the WTC killed stopped and defeated" (Bush, 2001) SLX.injured hundreds, and damaged property to \Vithin the rhetonc of war., however. here has [he extent of half a billion dollars. The bomb was been frequent recourse to the rhetoric of cnminal designed to topple one of the towers into the other justice. "Whether we bring our enemes to lusuce or and to bring both tolvers down. The man behind justice to our enemies, justice will be done. .\Ye thls plan, Ramzi Yousef, noted regretfully that if he wdl come together to gve law enforc?ment the had had a little more funding his design would additional toois it needs to track dorm terror here have succeeded and killed tens of thousands (Krk. at home" (Bush, 2001; White House Press Office. -
Global Jihad in Sinai: an Extension of the Gaza Strip?
GLOBAL JIHAD IN SINAI: AN EXTENSION OF THE GAZA STRIP? Rob Bongers (Research Assistant, ICT) March 2014 ABSTRACT The ongoing Islamist insurgency that has taken root in the Sinai since the January 25 revolution has gone from bad to worse. Deteriorating following the Muslim Brotherhood’s ouster, the conflict is extraordinarily complex as it conflates the continued political turmoil in Egypt, the longstanding marginalization of Sinai Bedouins, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Libya’s lawlessness, internal friction in Gaza, transnational criminal networks, and the growing presence of global jihad- inspired fighters. Due to the security vacuum, Sinai has quickly become yet another fertile breeding ground for militant Islamists, and moreover, a base from which they can target both Israel and Egypt rather unchallenged. Through the lens of the concept of terrorist organizations’ ‘‘glocalization,’’ this paper seeks to analyze this relationship by examining the various interwoven local, regional and global features facilitating Gazan actors’ incentives to export subversion and terrorism to Sinai, the extent to which these networks have shaped the insurgency, and the security challenges they pose. It concludes that, even though some other non-local battle-hardened jihadists have likely influenced the rise of (sophisticated) attacks too, Gazan Salafi-jihadists have played a major role in the terrorist activity across the Philadelphi Corridor by means of exploitation of Sinai’s breakdown of security. * The views expressed in this publication are -
Foreign Terrorist Organizations
Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba -
Terrorism in the Middle East: Implications on Egyptian Travel and Tourism
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Volume 6 Issue 3 Article 7 2018 Terrorism in the Middle East: Implications on Egyptian Travel and Tourism Tamer Z.F Mohamed Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, [email protected] Tamer S. Elseyoufi Helwan University, Egypt, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp Part of the Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, International Relations Commons, Military, War, and Peace Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Policy Commons, Strategic Management Policy Commons, and the Tourism and Travel Commons Recommended Citation Mohamed, Tamer Z.F and Elseyoufi, amerT S. (2018) "Terrorism in the Middle East: Implications on Egyptian Travel and Tourism," International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 7. Available at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp/vol6/iss3/7 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. © International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage ISSN : 2009-7379 Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/ Volume 6(iii) 2018 Evolution and Impact of Terrorism in the Middle East: Implications for Egyptian Travel and Tourism Tamer Z.F Mohamed PhD student, Southern Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan. [email protected] Tamer S. Alseyoufi PhD, Helwan University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Egypt [email protected] This paper attempts to shed the light on challenging issues affecting travel and tourism industry especially in the Middle East such as political, socio-economic and security instability. -
The Terrorism Trap: the Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2019 The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror John Akins University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Akins, John, "The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5624 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by John Akins entitled "The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Political Science. Krista Wiegand, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Brandon Prins, Gary Uzonyi, Candace White Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America’s War on Terror A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville John Harrison Akins August 2019 Copyright © 2019 by John Harrison Akins All rights reserved. -
Staff Statement No
Outline of the 9/11 Plot Staff Statement No. 16 Members of the Commission, your staff is prepared to report its preliminary findings regarding the conspiracy that produced the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States. We remain ready to revise our understanding of this subject as our work continues. Dietrich Snell, Rajesh De, Hyon Kim, Michael Jacobson, John Tamm, Marco Cordero, John Roth, Douglas Greenburg, and Serena Wille did most of the investigative work reflected in this statement. We are fortunate to have had access to the fruits of a massive investigative effort by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other law enforcement agencies, as well intelligence collection and analysis from the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the State Department, and the Department of Defense. Much of the account in this statement reflects assertions reportedly made by various 9/11 conspirators and captured al Qaeda members while under interrogation. We have sought to corroborate this material as much as possible. Some of this material has been inconsistent. We have had to make judgment calls based on the weight and credibility of the evidence. Our information on statements attributed to such individuals comes from written reporting; we have not had direct access to any of them. Plot Overview Origins of the 9/11 Attacks The idea for the September 11 attacks appears to have originated with a veteran jihadist named Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM). A Kuwaiti from the Baluchistan region of Pakistan, KSM grew up in a religious family and claims to have joined the Muslim Brotherhood at the age of 16. -
De-Securitizing Counterterrorism in the Sinai Peninsula
Policy Briefing April 2017 De-Securitizing Counterterrorism in the Sinai Peninsula Sahar F. Aziz De-Securitizing Counterrorism in the Sinai Peninsula Sahar F. Aziz The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any supporter is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment and the analysis and recommendations are not determined by any donation. Copyright © 2017 Brookings Institution BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/doha III De-Securitizing Counterterrorism in the Sinai Peninsula Sahar F. Aziz1 On October 22, 2016, a senior Egyptian army ideal location for lucrative human, drug, and officer was killed in broad daylight outside his weapons smuggling (much of which now home in a Cairo suburb.2 The former head of comes from Libya), and for militant groups to security forces in North Sinai was allegedly train and launch terrorist attacks against both murdered for demolishing homes and -
The Open Door How Militant Islamic Terrorists Entered and Remained in the United States, 1993-2001 by Steven A
Center for Immigration Studies The Open Door How Militant Islamic Terrorists Entered and Remained in the United States, 1993-2001 By Steven A. Camarota Center for Immigration Studies Center for 1 Center Paper 21 Center for Immigration Studies About the Author Steven A. Camarota is Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies in Wash- ington, D.C. He holds a master’s degree in political science from the University of Pennsyl- vania and a Ph.D. in public policy analysis from the University of Virginia. Dr. Camarota has testified before Congress and has published widely on the political and economic ef- fects of immigration on the United States. His articles on the impact of immigration have appeared in both academic publications and the popular press including Social Science Quarterly, The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, Campaigns and Elections, and National Review. His most recent works published by the Center for Immigration Studies are: The New Ellis Islands: Examining Non-Traditional Areas of Immigrant Settlement in the 1990s, Immigration from Mexico: Assessing the Impact on the United States, The Slowing Progress of Immigrants: An Examination of Income, Home Ownership, and Citizenship, 1970-2000, Without Coverage: Immigration’s Impact on the Size and Growth of the Population Lacking Health Insurance, and Reconsidering Immigrant Entrepreneurship: An Examination of Self- Employment Among Natives and the Foreign-born. About the Center The Center for Immigration Studies, founded in 1985, is a non-profit, non-partisan re- search organization in Washington, D.C., that examines and critiques the impact of immi- gration on the United States. -
9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5. -
Terrorism in the MENA Region and the West/ Mohammad Suleiman Abu Rumman Et Al.; Translated by Banan Fathi Malkawi.– Amman: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2016
1 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Deposit Number at the National Library (2016/11/5076) 320 Abu Rumman, Mohammad Suliman et al. Methods of Preventing and Combatting Terrorism in the MENA Region and the West/ Mohammad Suleiman Abu Rumman et al.; translated by Banan Fathi Malkawi.– Amman: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2016 (207) p. Deposit No.: 2016/11/5076 Descriptors: / Terrorism// Arab Countries/ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﻣﺼﻨﻔﮫ وﻻ ﯾﻌﺒّﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ رأي داﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ أو أي ﺟﮭﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى. Published in 2016 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan and Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 11194 Amman Jordan Email: [email protected] Website: www.fes-jordan.org © FES Jordan & Iraq All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original authors. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich- Ebert-Stiftung or the editors. Translation: Banan Malkawi, Samira Kawar Editing: Banan Malkawi, EVS Translations, Anja Wehler-Schoeck Cover: Mu'ath Iseid Printing: Economic Press ISBN: 978-9957-484-71-2 2 Methods of Preventing and Combatting Terrorism in the MENA Region and in the West 3 4 Table of Contents Anja Wehler-Schoeck Foreword: Agree to Disagree? International Efforts in Preventing and Combatting Terrorism .................................................................................................................... 7 Mohammad Abu Rumman Counter-Terrorism Efforts: The Dialectic of Inputs and Outputs ................................ 9 Hassan Abu Hanieh Approaches to the War on Terrorism: Examples of Efforts to Eradicate Extremism ........................................................................................................................................ -
Domestic Terrorism in Africa
DOMESTIC TERRORISM IN AFRICA: DOMESTIC TERRORISM IN AFRICA: DEFINING, ADDRESSING AND UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN SECURITY DEFINING, ADDRESSING AND UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN SECURITY Terrorism Studies & Research Program ISS Head Offi ce Block D, Brooklyn Court, VealVeale Street New Muckleneuk,, PrPretoria Tel: (27-12) 346 9500 Fax:Fa (27-12) 346 9570 E-mail: iss@[email protected] ISS AdAddis Ababa Offi ce FirsFirst Floor, Ki-Ab Building, Alexander Pushkin Street, Pushkin Square, Addis Ababa Tell:(: (251-1111)3) 37272-1154/5/6 Fax:(: (251-1111)3) 372 5954 E-mail: addisababa@is@ safrica.orgg ISS Cape Town Offi ce 67 Roeland Square, Drury Lane Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa TTel:(: (27-27 21) 46171 7211 Fax: (27-2121)4) 461 7213 E-mail: [email protected] ISS Nairobi Offi ce 5h5th Flloooor, LanddmarkPk Pllaza Argwings Kodhekek RRoad, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: (254 -20) 300 5726/8 FaxFax: (254-20) 271 2902 E-mail: [email protected] ISS Pretoria Offi ce Block C, Brooklyn Court, Veale Street New Muckleneuk, Pretoria Tel: (27-12) 346 9500 Fax: (27-12) 460 0998 Edited by Wafula Okumu and Anneli Botha E-mail: [email protected] Wafula Okumu and Anneli Botha www.issafrica.org 5 and 6 November 2007 This publication was made possible through funding provided by the ISBN 978-1-920114-80-0 Norwegian Government. In addition, general Institute funding is provided by the Governments of Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. 9 781920 114800 Terrorism Studies & Research Program As a leading African human security research institution, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) works towards a stable and peaceful Africa characterised by sustainable development, human rights, the rule of law, democracy, collaborative security and gender mainstreaming. -
CARLOS ACOSTA, Et Al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) V
Case 1:06-cv-00745-RCL Document 33 Filed 08/26/08 Page 1 of 27 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ____________________________________ ) CARLOS ACOSTA, et al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) ) Civil Action No. 06-745 (RCL) THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ) OF IRAN, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ____________________________________) FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW This action arises from the assassination of Rabbi Meir Kahane and the shooting of Irving Franklin and U.S. Postal Police Officer Carlos Acosta on November 5, 1990, in New York. Plaintiffs are Carlos Acosta and his wife, Maria Acosta, Irving Franklin (on his own behalf and as administrator of his wife Irma Franklin’s estate), and the surviving spouse, mother, children, and sibling of Rabbi Meir Kahane. Rabbi Meir Kahane was killed and Irving Franklin and Carlos Acosta were seriously wounded by El Sayyid Nosair. Nosair was and is a member of Al- Gam’aa Islamiyah (or, the “Islamic Group”), a terrorist organization headed by Sheik Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman (“Sheik Abdel Rahman”). Plaintiffs allege that the Islamic Republic of Iran (“Iran”), and the Iranian Ministry of Information and Security (“MOIS”), are liable for damages from the shooting because they provided material support and assistance to the Islamic Group. As such, defendants are subject to suit under the recently revised terrorist exception to Case 1:06-cv-00745-RCL Document 33 Filed 08/26/08 Page 2 of 27 the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (“FSIA”), 28 U.S.C. § 1605A.1 This matter is a re-filing of the same claims that previously were the subject matter of Acosta v.