AZƏRBAYCAN MİLLİ ELMLƏR AKADEMİYASI AZƏRBAYCAN ASTRONOMİYA JURNALI 2019, Cild 14, № 2 AZERBAIJAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL OF AZERBAIJAN 2019, Vol. 14, № 2 Bakı-2019 / Baku-2019 1 ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL OF AZERBAIJAN Founded in 2006 by the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) Published in the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory (ShAO) named after N. Tusi, ANAS ISSN: 2078-4163 (Print), 2078-4171 (Online) Editorial board Editor-in-Chief: Dzhalilov N.S. Associate Editor-in-Chief: Babayev E.S. Secretary: Pirguliyev M.Sh. Members: Asvarov A.I. Institute of Physics, ANAS Atai A.A. Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS Guliyev A.S. Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS Haziyev G.A. Batabat Astrophysical Observatory,ANAS Ismayilov N.Z. Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS Kuli-Zade D.M. Baku State University Mikailov Kh.M. Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS Rustamov B.N. Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS Rustamov C.N. Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS Technical Editors: Ismayilli R.F., Asgarov A.B. Editorial O_ce address: ANAS, 30, Istiglaliyyat Street, Baku, AZ-1001, the Republic of Azerbaijan Address for letters: ShAO, P.O.Box № 153, Central Post O_ce, Baku, AZ-1000, Azerbaijan E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (+994 12) 510 82 91 Fax: (+994 12) 497 52 68 Online version: http://www.aaj.shao.az 2 CONTENTS PREFACE Editor-in-Chief 5 SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY – THE MAIN HISTORICAL MOMENTS Editorial board 8 STUDIES ON SOLAR PHYSICS IN SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY WITHIN THE PERIOD 1959-2019 Dzhalilov N.S. Babaev E.S. 22 INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SOLAR RADIOEMISSION IN THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY WITHIN THE PERIOD 1965-2019 Huseynov Sh.Sh., Huseynov S.Sh. 36 STUDIES ON PHYSICS OF SOLAR SYSTEM PLANETS IN SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Atai A.A. 45 INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMETS IN SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Guliyev A.S. 58 STUDIES OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SMALL BODIES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM IN THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY GolubevaL.F., Shestopalov D.I. 68 A BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCHES OF YOUNG STARS IN THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Ismailov N.Z. 76 SPECTRAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SUPERGIANT, WOLF-RAYET TYPE STARS AND NOVAE IN THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY DURING 60 YEARS Rustamov J.N. 93 COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES OF MAGNETIC CP STARS IN SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Aliyev S.G., Khalilov V.M. 116 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF STARS AT THE TRANSITIONAL STAGE IN SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Rustamov B. N. 130 PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTRAL STUDIES OF ACTIVE-NUCLEUS GALAXIES IN THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY FOR THE PERIOD 1987-2019 Huseynov N.А. 140 3 ASTRONOMY EQUIPMENT AND LIGHT RECEIVERS OF THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Mikailov Kh.M. 150 VTD VAKUUM TECHNIK DRESDEN B-240 180 INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS OF SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 182 AWARDS 185 DISSERTATION COUNCIL 185 SCİENTİFİC LİBRARY 186 OPENING OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ASTROPHYSICS OF BAKU STATE UNIVERSITY AT THE OBSERVATORY 187 IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY AND ACTIVITY OF THE SHAMAKHY ASTROPHYSİCAL OBSERVATORY 188 CONFERENCES, SEMİNARS 191 POPULARIZATION OF ASTRONOMY 197 MUSEUM OF ASTRONOMY 202 4 PREFACE In 2019 the 60th anniversary of the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory named after N.Tusi of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ShAO) was celebrated. In this regard,the submitted this number of the Azerbaijan Astronomical Journal (AAJ) is dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the ShAO. Brief information on the history of the observatory, its main scientific-research directions, and significant achievements over 60 years, scientific and organizational activities, scientific relations, international grant projects in recent years, human resources are the main topics of the publication. It should be noted that the Observatory, established in the Soviet period, was developed rapidly in accordance with the requirements of that time. Star and solar telescopes with a diameter of 60 cm, 70 cm, and 2-meter, which were very relevant at that time, enabled to study modern problems of astrophysics. At the beginning of the space age, the measurement of sunspots, flares, and other parameters of solar activity and the using of this information for Earth's satellites safety forecas was important step in the early stages of formation of specialists at the observatory and its future development. The favorable geographical position of the observatory, its astroclimate, the large number of clear nights, and the supply of equipment were led to the rapid development of its international relations and the formation of future astrophysical schools. Although the priority scientific research directions was naturally changed over the years, they have covered a very wide range as a whole. The main research fields were solar physics, physics of solar-terrestrial relations, planetary physics, dynamics of small solar system bodies, different types of stars and stellar systems physics, galaxies, problems of cosmology, radio-astronomy, astronomical instrumentation et al. Important scientific results obtained in different periods have not lost their relevance today too. Here we will present some of them. In the field of solar physics. Studies on solar physics at the ShAO dates back to 1957. In the same year, the Solar Service program was established at the Observatory, and regular observations at the Chromosphere-Photosphere Telescope played a key role in this work (R.Huseynov). The results of these observations are included in a number of international catalogs. In the following years, important results were obtained in both theoretical and practical research on problems of solar physics. The theoretical model of solar flares was developed, and the idea that this important event is associated with shock waves was put forward (R.Huseynov). The rising curve of solar spectra is constructed.It was shown that the asymmetry in the profiles of the weak and middle Fraunhofer lines of the photosphere is complex. In the same line this parameter varies very frequently both quantitatively and sign. The mechanisms by which the solar corona heating up to a million degrees were studied, including the role of solar spicules in this process. The MHD theory of Rossbi-type eigen global vortex oscillations of the Sun was developed (N. Dzhalilov). The devoloped theoretical model aims to solve two important problems: a) Depending on the configuration and intensity of the central relic magnetic field, the considered waves can create the necessary level of "dencity noise" in the plasma around the solar core, which in turn causes the oscillation of the active solar neutrinos from the nucleus (MSW mechanism ). Measured data and theoretical results of solar neutrino deficiency could be used to diagnose physical conditions in the central regions of the Sun; b) Vortices in the central region of the Sun affect the rate of nuclear fusion. Also, vortices moving towards the surface can change the optical properties of the photosphere. Such effects cause the integral radiation energy of the Sun to change quasi-periodically. These changes could lead to global climate change on Earth. For example, the sharp warming that lasted for several thousand years during the last ice age, as well as the current global warming, have no clear explanation. Important results were obtained in the physical origin of large-scale turbulence in the solar wind, its impact on the earth's 5 ecosystems and biosystems, and in a number of other relevant areas of Solar-Earth physics (N.Dzhalilov, E.Babayev). In the field of planetary physics. Under the leadership of N.Ibrahimov, a number of optical parameters of the planet's atmosphere were determined by measuring the variations in the brightness of the entire disk of Mars. In order to study the chemical composition of the atmosphere of Mars, its highly dispersed spectra were obtained, and more than two thousand photographs of the planet were taken in various filters. The results of all these observations show that the brightness of the details on the planet's surface is constantly changing, and that dust particles are forming and disappearing in its atmosphere. It was shown that the molecule of nitric oxide in the atmosphere of Mars is insignificantly small. These results were completely consistent with the results of the subsequent Viking 1 and Viking 2 NASA space missions. Research on Mars has played an important role in the construction of topographic maps of the planet, the study of the problem of transparency of its atmosphere and other problems related to the evolution of the planet. N.Ibrahimov took the spectrum of the dark side of the planet Venus and discovered radiation lines. He explained the formation of these lines of radiation by the presence of lightning in the planet's atmosphere. Later, the Soviet interplanetary spacecraft "Venus" confirmed this fact. He was also one of the first to predict the occurrence of active (volcanic) processes on Jupiter's satellite Io on the basis of observational materials. This conclusion was confirmed in 1979 by the results of the interplanetary spacecraft Voyager 2, which passed close to Jupiter. Currently, research is underway in the field of giant planetary physics, and important results were obtained in this area (A.Atai). In the field of research of small bodies of the solar system. Pioneer works belong to Hajibey Sultanov. As early as the 1950s, he studied the distribution of invariant elements of asteroids statistically