Wild of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

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Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park

More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the . Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of , Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

BRACKEN FERN (Pteridium aquilinum var. GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis WESTERN LADY FERN (Athyrium filix-femina COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) pubescens) Native Perennial - Bracken Family - - subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern var. cyclosorum) Native Perennial - Cliff Fern Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - - Pastures, woodland, meadows, hillsides, partial Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or Family - - - Woodland, along streams, seepage Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, to full sun - Leaf blades widely-triangular, gen wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, area - Leaves gen 12-39" long, broadest near shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 0.5-5' long, gen 3x divided, hairy underneath. undersides either granular green or powdery middle, 1-2 divided, ultimate divisions rounded. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath gold. teeth. Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) WESTERN SWORD FERN (Polystichum BROAD-FRUITED BUR-REED (Sparganium Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally munitum) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - eurycarpum var. eurycarpum) Native Perennial - cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf - - Common. Wooded hillsides, shaded slopes, Cattail Family - (Jun–Aug) - Marshes, lakes, volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. rarely cliffs, outcrops - Fronds gen 20-48" long, ponds, along streams - Plant to 8' tall. Flower often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. divided once. Segments usually separate, teeth cluster stem branched, clusters spherical. Styles point to tips, scaly rachis. 2.

NARROW-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) DUNE BENT GRASS (Agrostis pallens) Native SILVER HAIR GRASS (Aira caryophyllea) angustifolia) Native Perennial - Cattail Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - (May–Aug) - Nutrient-rich freshwater to brackish Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) Open meadows, woodland, forest, subalpine - Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower marshes, wet disturbed places - Plant 4.9-9.8' marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves Lower leaf blades <= 0.2" wide, flat to inrolled. cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender tall. Leaves gen < 0.4" wide. Flower cluster gap > 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap Flower cluster 2-8" long, < 0.8" wide; narrow and branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 0.4". between flower types. arching when young. extended awns. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed.

HAIRY PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia jubata) BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus WESTERN WILD-RYE (Elymus glaucus subsp. SLENDER WHEAT GRASS (Elymus Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Sep–Feb) echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - glaucus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - trachycaulus subsp. trachycaulus) Native - Disturbed sites, many habitats, esp coastal - (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem (Jun–Aug) - Open areas, chaparral, woodland, Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Dry to Plant 6-23' tall. Leaf blades 0.1-0.5" wide, 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower forest - Tufted. Stem 12-55" tall. Leaf 0.2-0.5" moist, open areas, forest, woodland - Tufted. sheathes hairy. NOXIOUS weed. cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile wide, flat. Spikelets0.3-0.6" long, 2-4 per node. Stem 1-5' tall. Spikelet 0.4-0.8" long, 1 per node. spikelets. INVASIVE weed. Lemma awn 0.4-1.2" long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized COMMON VELVET GRASS (Holcus lanatus) NORTHERN BARLEY (Hordeum Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum) Native to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem - Moist sites, roadbanks, cult fields, meadows - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Aug) - tall, from rhizomes. Flower cluster 2-8” long. 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, Plant 8-39" tall, very hairy. Glumes 0.12-0.24", Meadows, pastures, streambanks - Stem 1-3' tall, Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. purple; florets 0.12-0.16" w/hooked awn. gen robust. Leaf sheaths gen smooth, blade < long, awn to 0.12” long. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. 7.5" long. Lemma awn < 0.25".

MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum WALL BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native HARDING GRASS (Phalaris aquatica) subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - murinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Aug) Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites - Stem conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 16-79" tall, disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" 1-2'. Leaf auricles notable. Central spikelet stalk 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 tufted. Flower cluster 0.6-6" long, unbranched. long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn 0-0.02". Central floret gen = lateral florets. florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", Lower florets 1 or or unequal. Glume wing 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. short-hairy lemmas. untoothed. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

DITCH BEARD GRASS (Polypogon interruptus) RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon WATER BEARD GRASS (Polypogon viridis) TOAD RUSH (Juncus bufonius var. bufonius) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jun) Native Annual - Rush Family - (May–Sep) - Damp (May–Aug) - Common. Streambanks - Stem Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams - Common. Disturbed areas, wet areas, ponds, sunny ground, gen disturbed - Stem gen 1-4" tall, 20-35" tall, clumped. Leaf 0.2-7.7" long, - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. streambanks -Stem 4-40” long, trails. Leaf blades gen brached from base, ~0.04" wide. Flower 0.12-0.24" wide. Flower cluster 0.6-7" long. Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume flat, 0.08-0.4” wide. Spikelet ~ 0.1” long, no awn, cluster open. Flowers 0.16-0.3" long. Glume < 0.1" long, awn < 0.12" long. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. whorled clusters.

SPREADING RUSH (Juncus patens) Native SANTA BARBARA SEDGE (Carex barbarae) - TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native LOW BULRUSH (Isolepis cernua) Native Annual Perennial - Rush Family - (Jun–Oct) - Marshy Native Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Aug) - Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal - Sedge Family - (Late spring–winter) - Sandy, places, creeks, seeps - Plant 12-41" tall, densely Seasonally wet places - Stem 6-36” tall, base pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower sometimes brackish sea shores, bluffs, sand tufted. Stems blue-gray-green & distinctly brown to purple. Lowest flower cluster “leaves” < cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, dunes, creeks, marshes - Plant 1.6-16" tall, grooved when fresh. Stamens 6. 4” long. Spikelets brown, 1-3” long, 0.2-0.3” wide. oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds tufted. Single spikelet. short-stalked. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

NAKED LADIES (Amaryllis belladonna) BROADLEAVED FORGET-ME-NOT (Myosotis ITHURIEL'S SPEAR (Triteleia laxa) Native MEDITERRANEAN LINSEED (Bellardia trixago) Naturalized Perennial - Amaryllis Family - latifolia) Naturalized Perennial - Borage Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Jul–Sep) - Disturbed sites, often around (Feb–Jul) - Moist, disturbed, shady places - Stem Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed grassland. - Plant abandoned home sites - Stems leafless, 1-2' tall. < 28" long, base woody. Leaves to 0.8" wide. woodland, grassland on clay soil - Flower stem sticky-hairy. Stem 6-32" tall. Leaves Flowers large and pink (sometimes white or Flowers light blue, 0.2-0.4" wide. INVASIVE 4-28". Leaves 8-16", 0.16-1" wide. Flowers blue, lance-shaped, toothed. Flowers 0.8-1" long, yellow at the base). Escaped ornamentals. weed. blue-purple or white, 0.7-1.9" long. 2-lipped: upper lip pink, lower lip white. INVASIVE.

WATER SMARTWEED (Persicaria amphibia) GREATER PERIWINKLE (Vinca major) RUBY CHALICE CLARKIA (Clarkia rubicunda) PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Jun–Nov) Naturalized Perennial - Dogbane Family - Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose - Shallow lakes, streams, shores - Aquatic (Mar–Jun(Jan)) - Coastal bluffs, sheltered places, (May–Aug) - Openings in woodland, forest, Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or (floating leaves) or terrestrial. Flower clusters esp along stream beds - Plant sprawling. Leaf chaparral near coast - Stem < 5' long. Buds erect. disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant 0.4-6" long, 0.3-0.8" wide, pink to red. blade ~ 2.8" long, oval. Flower purple-blue, 1.2-2" Petals 0.4-1.2", rose w/red base. Sepals united. 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to wide at top. INVASIVE weed. Stigma > anthers. rose-purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum CHAPARRAL WILLOWHERB (Epilobium LONG-BEAKED FILAREE (Erodium botrys) REDSTEM FILAREE (Erodium cicutarium) subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening minutum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. Family - (Apr–Sep) - Dry, open, disturbed areas, (Mar–Jul) - Dry, open or disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites, grassland, Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, often after fire - Plant < 16" tall. 4-35" tall, coarse-hairy. Leaves lobed. Petals scrub - Stem 4-20". Leaves compound, leaflets roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Flower cluster open. Petals 0.1-0.2" long, white pink, 0.3-0.5" long. Sepals w/reddish tip. Fruit dissected. Sepal tip bristly. Petal pink to purple. short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink. or pink. Leaves flat, not clustered. beak 2-4.7" long. Fruit beak 0.8-2". INVASIVE.

CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM (Geranium HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium SOUTH AFRICAN ROMULEA (Romulea rosea WESTERN BLUE-EYED-GRASS (Sisyrinchium dissectum) Naturalized Annual - Geranium molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - var. australis) Naturalized Perennial - Iris Family - bellum) Native Perennial - Iris Family - Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed (Mar–Apr) - Uncommon. Disturbed areas, dry, (Mar–May) - Common. Open, gen moist, grassy 3-28" tall, rough-hairy. Leaf blades deeply ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, sandy or often hard-packed soil - Plant gen < 4" areas, woodland - Stem < 25" tall. Leaves divided. Petals violet-red, 0.1-0.25" long 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit tall. Leaves 2-14" long. Flower pink w/yellow iris-like. Petals 6, blue-purple with dark veins, w/notched tips. Flower stalk sticky. INVASIVE. smooth, wrinkled. tube, 0.6-0.8" long. 0.4-0.7" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

GRASS-POLY (Lythrum hyssopifolia) Naturalized BULL MALLOW (Malva nicaeensis) Naturalized PENNYROYAL (Mentha pulegium) Naturalized THYMELEAF BEARDSTYLE (Pogogyne Annual-Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Apr–Oct) Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed Perennial - Mint Family - (Jul–Oct) - Moist places, serpylloides) Native Annual - Mint Family - - Marshes, drying pond margins, disturbed places - Stem 0.7-2'. Leaf blade 1.2-4.7" wide, fields - Stem 4-12" tall, short-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1" (Mar–Jun) - Grassy, brushy areas - Plant ground - Stem 4-24". Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, ~ 5-7 shallow lobes. Bractlets long, upper stalkless. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, inconspicuous. Stem 1-8" long, low-growing. elliptical. Petals pink, 0.1-0.2" long. 2 awl-like egg-shaped,0.16-0.2" long. Petals pink to violet to lavender. Aromatic. INVASIVE weed. Flowers 0.1-0.2" long, lavender, in dense appendages. INVASIVE weed. blue-violet, 0.2-0.5" long. clusters.

RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - STARFLOWER (Trientalis latifolia) Native PACIFIC PEA (Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus) CHICK LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, Perennial - Myrsine Family - (Apr–Jul) - Shaded Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Jul) - North: microcarpus) Native Annual - Pea Family - fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, places, esp woodland - Stem 2-12". Leaves Conifer forest. South: chaparral & oak woodland - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions 1-3.5" long, 0.4-2" wide, egg-shaped; stem Stem wings to 0.02" wide. Leaves gen elliptic. occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32", hairy. between seeds. INVASIVE weed. leaves in 1 whorl near stem tip. Flower gen pink Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, pale lavender to purple. Leaves smooth above. Flowers gen pink to to rose, 0.3-0.6" wide. purple. Flower shaggy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

DECEIVING CLOVER (Trifolium bifidum var. CLUSTERED CLOVER (Trifolium glomeratum) NARROW-LEAVED VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. SPRING VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa) decipiens) Native Annual - Pea Family - Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - nigra) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - (Apr–Jun) - Open, grassy areas, forest - Leaflet Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Leaflets 0.2-0.5" (Mar–Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, Roadsides, disturbed areas, grassland, open tip square/notched. Flower small, yellow to long. Head 0.28-0.4" wide. Flowers pink, grassland, open areas in oak and riparian areas in oak and riparian woodlands - Flowers pink-purple, soon reflex. Flower stalk top sparsely 0.16-0.24" long. Bracts triangular-lobed, curl back woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, 1-2 at leaf bases, pink-purple to white, 0.7-1.2" hairy. in fruit. pink-purple to white, 0.4-0.7" long. Leaflets long. Leaflets 0.16-0.4" wide. 0.2-0.3" wide.

SPARSELY HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa subsp. SKUNKWEED (Navarretia squarrosa) Native ITALIAN THISTLE (Carduus pycnocephalus PURPLE STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea calcitrapa) varia) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - Annual - Phlox Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. subsp. pycnocephalus) Naturalized Annual - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, roadside, disturbed areas Open, wet, gravelly flats, slopes - Plant 4-24" tall, Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jul) - Roadsides, (Apr–Nov) - Pastures, disturbed places - Plant - Stems w/few hairs. Flowers 10-20, blue-purple sticky, with skunk-like odor. Flowers 0.35-0.47" pastures, disturbed areas - Stems 8-79", narrow 8-40"+. Basal leaves 1-2x divided into narrow to white, 0.4-0.55" long. Lower lobes long, dark blue; petal lobes 0.08" long. spiny-wings. Lower leaves 4-10 lobed, heads 2-5, lobes. Flowers purple with spiny bracts. 0.04-0.1" long. flower bracts woolly. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

BULL THISTLE ( vulgare) Naturalized ARTICHOKE THISTLE (Cynara cardunculus WEEDY CUDWEED (Pseudognaphalium MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - subsp. flavescens) Naturalized Perennial - luteoalbum) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed places - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Disturbed sites, fields, Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent Plant 1.6-8' tall. Artichoke head 1.6-6" diam, streambeds - Heads 0.12-0.16" long, yellowish, 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. spine-tipped. Flowers blue or purple, 1.2-2" long. female flowers < 0.08" long, pappus bristles veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE NOXIOUS weed. NOXIOUS weed. connected. weed.

COMMON CALIFORNIA WILD ASTER FULLER'S TEASEL (Dipsacus sativus) ROBUST VERVAIN (Verbena lasiostachys var. GREEN DOCK (Rumex conglomeratus) (Symphyotrichum chilense) Native Perennial - Naturalized Biennial - Teasel Family - (May–Jul) - scabrida) Native Perennial - Vervain Family - Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Grassland, salt Disturbed areas, fields, vacant lots, pastures - (May–Sep) - Open, dry to wet places - Plant (May–Aug) - Common. Moist places - Stem marshes, disturbed places - Plant 16-39", partly Plant gen < 6' tall. Leaf pairs fused around stem. 14-32" tall. Leaves green, narrow, 3-lobed, 12-32" tall, unbranched below. Flower cluster hairy. Leaf 1.6-6", 0.2-1.2" wide. Rays violet, Flower cluster lavender, 5-10 cm long, bracts stiff-haired above. Flowers blue to purple on long open. Fruit valves ~0.1" long, scarcely winged 0.3-0.5" long. spreading. INVASIVE weed. stalk. around the 3 tubercles, smooth edged. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

CANARY ISLANDS IVY (Hedera canariensis) COMMON PLANTAIN (Plantago major) MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native SPINY COCKLEBUR (Xanthium spinosum) Naturalized Perennial - Ginseng Family - Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Plantain Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - (Aug-Nov) - Woodland, chaparral, disturbed (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, Common. Open to shady areas, often in Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in areas - Woody vine. Leaves gen 3-pointed, > blades 5-18 cm long, broadly oval, not hairy. drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-24". English Ivy. Flowers white to green. Fruit black, Flowers + stem 2-24" tall, flower cluster gen long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. Stem node spines 0.6-1.2" long, golden, gen ~0.2" wide. INVASIVE weed. 1.2-8" long. Flower bracts hairy. 3-lobed. Bur 0.4-0.5" long.

COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) Native SHEEP SORREL (Rumex acetosella) Naturalized SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) CALIFORNIA POPPY (Eschscholzia californica) Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Apr–Jul) - ± Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) Native Perennial - Poppy Family - (Feb–Sep) - Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Disturbed, often acidic places - Stem < 16". Leaf - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - Grassy, open areas - Plant 2-24" tall. Flower grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-32" gen basal, blade 0.8-2.4" long, lower Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or w/spreading rim <= 0.2". Petals 0.8-2.4" long, tall. Stem spineless. Bur 0.4-1.2"+ long. arrowhead-shaped w/2 lobes. Flowers yellowish, occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause early spring = large and orange, fall = smaller and turn reddish. INVASIVE. dermititis. yellow. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

VENUS THISTLE (Cirsium occidentale var. KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. POISON HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) WATER PARSLEY (Oenanthe sarmentosa) venustum) Native Biennial - Sunflower Family - depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jun–Oct) - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem Common. Moist, esp disturbed places - Plants Streams, marshes, ponds, gen aquatic - Plant woodland - Plant 1.6-9.8' tall. Head bract cluster 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" 2-10' tall. Stems purple-spotted. Leaves fern-like, 20-60" tall. Young shoots curled, tendril-like. 0.6-2" tall, 0.6-3" diam. Flowers gen bright long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. gen 2x divided. Flowers white. TOXIC. INVASIVE Leaves twice-pinnate, leaflets alike, broad, red-pink to red, 0.9-1.4" long. weed. serrate to lobed. Flowers white.

SWEET-CICELY (Osmorhiza berteroi) Native VENUS' NEEDLE (Scandix pecten-veneris) WAVYLEAF SOAP PLANT (Chlorogalum CALIFORNIA MAN-ROOT (Marah fabacea) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Conifer Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - pomeridianum var. pomeridianum) Native Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Feb–Apr) - forest, woodland, disturbed areas - Plant 12-47". Grassy slopes, roadsides - Plant 6-20" tall. Leaf Perennial - Century Plant Family - (May–Aug) - Streamsides, washes, shrubby open areas - Vine Leaflets in 3s, serrate to irreg lobed. Flower segments finely divided, linear. Flowers white, Common. Open grassland, chaparral, woodland - 6-20' long. Leaves moderately lobed. Flowers white. Fruit 0.5-1", upward pointing barbs, outer petals larger. Fruit 0.2-1" long with a beak Plant 1-8' tall, flowers at night. Bulb juices lather cream or white, < 0.3" wide. Fruit spiny all over. splitting apart below. 0.8-2.8" long. in water. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

HOOKER FAIRY BELLS (Prosartes hookeri) GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual CHEESEWEED (Malva parviflora) Naturalized CLIMBING MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–May) - Common. purpurata subsp. purpurata) Native Perennial - Montane conifer, mixed-evergreen forest, places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves Disturbed places - Stem 8-32" long, gen erect, Morning-glory Family - (May–Jun) - Chaparral, exposed roadside - Stem 12-32" tall. Leaf 1.2-6" 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, widely branched. Flower bractlets linear. Petals coastal scrub - Stem strongly climbing. Leaf long. Flower 0.3-0.6" long, white, hanging below 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. 0.1-0.2" long, pink to gen white. Fruit with flange triangular, lobes strongly angled. Bractlets the leaves, stamens > petals. from flower bracts. smooth, small, distant.

BINDWEED (Convolvulus arvensis) Naturalized SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bursa-pastoris) HEART-PODDED HOARY CRESS (Lepidium SMALL-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE (Solanum Perennial - Morning-glory Family - (Mar–Oct) - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Jan–Oct) draba) Naturalized Perennial - Mustard Family - americanum) Native Annual-Perennial - Roadsides, open areas in many pl communities - - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-20" long. Basal leaves (Apr–Aug) - Disturbed areas, saline soils, Nightshade Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, often Trailing. Leaf 0.8-1.2" long, w/round tip, pointed 1.2-2.4" long, dandelion-like. Petals white, pastures, fields - Stem gen 9-26" tall. Flowers disturbed places - Flower 0.12-0.24" wide w/3mm lobes. Flowers white to pink, 0.8-1" long. 0.08-0.16" long. Fruits 0.16-0.35" long, flat, white. Sepals smooth. Fruit smooth, lobes, white, anthers ~0.07". Seeds ~0.05". NOXIOUS. heart-shaped. heart-shaped. NOXIOUS weed. Bracts 0.04-0.08", curled back in fruit. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

WHITE SWEETCLOVER (Melilotus albus) WHITE CLOVER (Trifolium repens) Naturalized SMALL-FLOWER CATCHFLY (Silene gallica) COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Dec) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - (May–Sep) - Locally abundant. Pastures, open areas - Stem creeping. Leaflets 0.2-1" long, oval, summer) - Fields, disturbed areas - Plant 4-16". Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant disturbed sites - Stem 1.6-6.6' long. Leaflets 3, wider at tip end. Flower cluster 0.4-1" wide. Leaves < 1.4" long. Flower cluster short-hairy, 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals 0.4-1" long, toothed. Flowers white, 0.14-0.2" Flowers white, 0.28-0.43" long, becoming bracts sticky-hairy, petal blade 0.2-0.5" long, 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x long. reflexed. No head bract. smooth to notched, white to pink. sepals.

ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula) Naturalized Annual HORSEWEED (Erigeron canadensis) Naturalized HAYFIELD TARWEED (Hemizonia congesta Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Aug) - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Disturbed subsp. luzulifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, Disturbed areas, fields, coastal dunes, chaparral, places - Plant 8-79" tall. Gen 1 main stem Family - (Mar–Dec) - Disturbed, open, or grassy hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem oak woodland - Leaves finely divided into branching above. Disk flowers yellow; rays white sites, often clayey soils, serpentine - Plant 2-32" 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, thread-like lobes. Flowers > 0.6" wide, many on or pink, <= 0.04" long. Head bracts 0.12-0.16" tall. Flowers white, rays 0.2-0.5" long; head bract lawn weed. top of a well-branched stem. tall,0.08-0.12" wide. tips < body. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING PRICKLESEED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea (Pseudognaphalium californicum) Native Biennial muricatus) Naturalized Annual - Buttercup Family Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy canyons, - (Apr–Jun) - Stream-banks, drainages, low Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist dry hills, coastal chaparral - Stem 8-51" tall. meadows - Plant 6-20". Leaves gen 3-lobed. anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves Leaves green + glandular on both sides. Heads Petals yellow, 5, 0.16-0.3" long. Fruits 0.2" long Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. white, spheric, 0.2-0.24" long. with curved bristles. when young. INVASIVE weed. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long.

BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra) Naturalized TURNIP (Brassica rapa) Naturalized Annual - CHARLOCK (Sinapis arvensis) Naturalized HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas - Annual - Mustard Family - (Mar–Sep) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) Disturbed areas, fields - Plant 1-6' tall. Petals Stem 8-40" tall. Leaves clasping, upper areas - Stem 8-39", no rosette. Leaves coarse. - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" bright yellow, 0.3-0.4" long. Fruit upright, pressed smooth-edged & waxy. Petals yellow, 0.2-0.4" Petals 0.35-0.47" long, yellow. Fruit 0.8-1.8", tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. against stem. INVASIVE weed. long, stalk 0.3-1"; fruit beak > 0.4". INVASIVE ascending, beak 0.24-0.47" long w/fat base. 3-7 Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. weed. valve veins. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

CALIFORNIA LOTUS (Acmispon wrangelianus) CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized LITTLE HOP CLOVER (Trifolium dubium) Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Spring) - Abundant. Coastal bluffs, chaparral, disturbed (Mar–Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, Agricultural, disturbed areas, lawns - Heads areas - Low growing. Flowers yellow aging red, streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. 0.16-0.3" wide. Flowers bright yellow, age brown, 0.2-0.4" long, almost stemless. Bract lobes same 4-20". Flower yellow, 0.14-0.24" long. Spiny spiral quickly reflex, smooth. length as flower tube. fruits. INVASIVE.

TOCALOTE (Centaurea melitensis) Naturalized YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) BRASS-BUTTONS (Cotula coronopifolia) GERMAN IVY (Delairea odorata) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Nov–Mar) - fields, open woodland - Plant 4-39", gray-hairy, (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed (Mar–Dec) - Common. Saline and freshwater Shady, ± disturbed places, riparian woodland, resinous. Leaves 0.8-6" long. Flowers yellow, grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves marshes, mud flats - Plant 2-16"+ tall, smooth, ± coastal scrub - Vine stem 3-20' long. Heads ~ 20 0.4-0.8" long, bracts tipped w/purple spines. woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract fleshy. Leaves linear to lance-shaped w/linear per cluster. Disk flowers bright yellow. NOXIOUS NOXIOUS weed. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. teeth or lobes. INVASIVE. weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

FLAX-LEAVED HORSEWEED (Erigeron GREAT VALLEY GUMPLANT (Grindelia ROSILLA (Helenium puberulum) Native Biennial - BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca bonariensis) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower camporum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Aug) - Streambanks, echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Family - (All year) - Disturbed sites - Plant 4-39" (May–Nov) - Sandy or saline bottomland, seepage areas, lake margins - Plant 20-63". Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. tall, gray-hairy. Upper leaves narrow. Disk flowers roadsides - Stem non-woody, 2-8' tall, whitish. Flower head spherical, disk flowers ~0.1" long, Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf yellow, disk-like rays white. Head bracts 0.14-0.2" Leaves gen resinous. Head to 1.2" wide, bracts yellow on sides, brown-purple on top; rays 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower tall. bend downward. 0.15-0.4" long, point down. heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed.

SANTA CRUZ TARPLANT (Holocarpha SMOOTH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris glabra) ROUGH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris radicata) WILLOW LETTUCE (Lactuca saligna) macradenia) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Nov) - Grassy areas, clay soil - Plant 4-20" (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, open (Jul–Nov) - Roadsides, grassland - Stem 12-39" tall, sticky. Heads in tight groups. Rays 8-16, disk grassland, open woodland - Plant 4-24" tall, woodland - Plant 4-32" tall, rough-hairy. Rays tall. Leaf lobes entire or few-toothed, no prickles anthers red to purple. Fed: THREATENED, Cal: smooth. Rays 0.2-0.3" long, barely > head bracts. 0.4-0.6" long, well exceeding head bracts. Fruits underneath. Flowers 5-12, pale yellow, open in ENDANGERED. Only inner fruit beaked. INVASIVE. all beaked. INVASIVE weed. morning. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) COAST TARWEED (Madia sativa) Native Annual PINEAPPLE WEED (Matricaria discoidea) COMMON GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Grassy, open, Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem or disturbed sites - Plant 3.5-10 dm, hairy, all (Feb–Aug) - Abundant. Disturbed sites, (Feb–Jul) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, glandular. Leaf 0.8-7.1" long, 0.1-0.7" wide. Rays riverbanks - Plant 4-12" tall, sweet-scented. 4-24" tall, not hairy, w/1-10+ stems. Flower head midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale green-yellow, 8-13, 0.06-0.16" long. Head bracts Heads pineapple-shaped, ~ 0.4" wide; head stalk bracts with black-tips. Milky sap. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide. 0.24-0.6" tall. to 0.6" long.

CALIFORNIA GOLDENROD (Solidago velutina COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) NARROW-LEAVED MULE'S EARS (Wyethia CHAPARRAL CURRANT (Ribes malvaceum var. subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family malvaceum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family - (May–Nov) - Woodland margins, - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - - (Apr–Aug) - Grassland - Plant 4-35" tall, Family - (Oct–Apr) - Chaparral, oak woodland - grassland, disturbed soils - Stem 8-60" tall. Gen Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp rough-hairy. Leaves narrow, veins all similar, Shrub < 6.6' tall, no prickles. Petals 0.08-0.12" densely short-soft-hairy. Flower cluster height down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. base blades 4-20" long. Ray flowers 0.6-1.8" long, pink to white. Styles hairy at base. 2-4x width. Fruit ~ brown. long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 19

HAIRY VINE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos albus var. WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native CALIFORNIA HAZELNUT (Corylus cornuta hispidula) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family laevigatus) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Birch - (May–Jun) - Canyons, streamsides, woodland - Family - (May–Jul) - Shady woodland, permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty Family - (Jan–Mar) - Common. Many habitats, Shrub sprawling-climbing, 6-10' long, short-hairy. streambanks, N. slopes - Shrub 20-71" tall. underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. esp moist, shady places - Shrub, small tree < 13' Flower cluster densely sticky. Flowers pink, Flowers > 8/cluster, pink, 0.16-0.24" long, Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for tall. Leaf velvetry-hairy. Fruits 0.8-1.2" long in 0.5-0.6" long, sticky-hairy. bell-shaped, swollen on 1 side. furniture and for smoking meats. papery bracts, 1-2/group.

REDWOOD (Sequoia sempervirens) Native MONTEREY PINE (Pinus radiata) Native BIG-LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) Native WESTERN POISON OAK (Toxicodendron Perennial - Cypress Family - - - Redwood forest - Perennial - Pine Family - - - Closed-cone-pine Perennial - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Jun) - diversilobum) Native Perennial - Sumac Family - Tree to 380' tall, evergreen. Leaves alternate: on forest, oak woodland - Tree < 125' tall. Mature Common. Streambanks, canyons - Tree < 100'. (Apr–Jun) - Canyons, slopes, chaparral, coastal rapidly growing stems awl-like, < 0.3" long; others bark black, deep-grooved. Needles 3 per bundle, Leaves 5-lobed, 3-6" long, 4-10" wide. Group of scrub, oak woodland - Shrub or vine. Leaflets 3, flat, 0.2-1" long. Seed cone 0.5-1.4" diam, woody. 2.4-5.9" long. Seed cone 2.4-6" long, asymmetric, 20-90 hanging flowers appear after leaves. red in fall, mid leaflet stalked. Flowers green. opening 2nd year. Winged seeds. Fruits white. TOXIC. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 20

CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER (Clematis WESTERN AMERICAN DOGWOOD (Cornus HILLSIDE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes californicum californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - ligusticifolia) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family sericea subsp. occidentalis) Native Perennial - var. californicum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open - (Jun–Sep) - Along streams, wet places - Dogwood Family - (May–Jul) - Generally moist Family - (Feb–Mar) - Forest openings, woodland - woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves Leaflets 5-15, irregularly lobed. Flowers many, in places - Shrub 5-13' tall. Leaf blades gen 2-4" Shrub < 5' tall. Leaf blades 0.4-1.2" long, not 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower fall. Sepals white to cream, 0.2-0.24" long. long, rough-hairy below, veins in 4-7 pairs. Petals sticky. Sepals greenish, petals 0.12" long, white. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented. white, 0.1-0.2" long.

CANYON GOOSEBERRY (Ribes menziesii var. PACIFIC MADRONE (Arbutus menziesii) Native BLUE ELDERBERRY (Sambucus nigra subsp. RIVER RED GUM (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) menziesii) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family Perennial - Heath Family - (Mar–May) - Conifer, caerulea) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - Naturalized Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Apr–Jul) - - (Feb–Apr) - Common. Forest openings, oak forests - Tree < 130' tall, evergreen, peeling (Mar–Sep) - Common. Streambanks, open Common. Disturbed areas - Tree to 80' tall. chaparral - Shrub < 10', prickly. Leaves sticky red bark. Leaf blades < 5" long. Flowers places in forest - Shrub 7-26' tall. Flower cluster Leaves 2-8" long, 0.6-1" wide. Flowers 5-10 in below. Styles glabrous, anthers exserted, sepals yellow-white or pink, < 3.1" long. Berries red, < flat-topped, 1.6-13" diam, petals spreading. Fruits simple umbel, small, white; bud cap <0.25". purplish. 0.5" diam, round. waxy blue-black. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 21

CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON (Heteromeles OSO BERRY (Oemleria cerasiformis) Native HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus THIMBLEBERRY (Rubus parviflorus) Native arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Aug) - Common; ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, canyons, streambanks, lowland wet to dry open - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, moist semi-shaded areas, esp edges of mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, woodland, coast to shaded conifer forest - Shrub roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. woodland - Shrub 0.5-2 m tall, not prickly. Petals evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" 3-20'. Leaf 2-5" long. Flower cluster 1.2-4". Petals Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type 0.5-0.9" long, white. Leaves simple, 3-5 lobed. long. Fruit bright red. white, 0.12-0.24". fruit. INVASIVE. Raspberry-type fruit.

CALIFORNIA BLACKBERRY (Rubus ursinus) CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE (Aesculus californica) COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. SYDNEY GOLDEN WATTLE (Acacia longifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Native Perennial - Soapberry Family - (May–Jun) consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jan-Apr) - Open, disturbed areas - Stem round, - Dry slopes, canyons, borders of streams - Large Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, Uncommon. Disturbed places, especially sandy bristly/prickly. Leaves simple to 3 leaflets, shrub or tree 13-39' tall. 5-7 leaflets. Flowers grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - coastal areas - Shrub-small tree, spineless. underside green. Plants unisexual. Petals white to pale rose. Large seeds toxic but edible Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen Leaves simple, 2-6" long with 2-4 main veins. 0.24-0.6" long, white. Blackberry-type fruit. after leaching out saponins. 0.6-1.6" long. Flowers bright yellow. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Wildcat Canyon Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 22

SCOTCH BROOM (Cytisus scoparius) FRENCH BROOM (Genista monspessulana) SPANISH BROOM (Spartium junceum) RED WILLOW (Salix laevigata) Native Perennial Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jun) - - Willow Family - (Dec–Jun) - Common. Common. Disturbed places - Shrub 6.6-8' tall, Common. Disturbed places. - Shrub < 10' tall, Disturbed areas - Shrub, < 10' tall, gen leafless. Riverbanks, seepage areas, lakeshores, canyons deciduous. Stems sharply 5-angled, new twigs evergreen. Stems 8-10 ridged, leafy. Flowers Leaves simple, very sparse. Flowers yellow, - Tree bark fissured. Leaf lanceolate, glaucous hairy. Flowers yellow, 1-2 at leaf bases, 0.6-0.8" yellow, 4-10 at branch tips, banner 0.4-0.6" long. several at stem tips, 0.8-1.2" long. Fruits 2-4" below, gen w/stalk glands. Stamens 5. Fruit long. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS. long. INVASIVE weed. glabrous.

ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, stamens 2. Notes:

Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes: