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ORIGINS of the PALESTINE MANDATE by Adam Garfinkle
NOVEMBER 2014 ORIGINS OF THE PALESTINE MANDATE By Adam Garfinkle Adam Garfinkle, Editor of The American Interest Magazine, served as the principal speechwriter to Secretary of State Colin Powell. He has also been editor of The National Interest and has taught at Johns Hopkins University’s School for Advanced International Studies (SAIS), the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford College and other institutions of higher learning. An alumnus of FPRI, he currently serves on FPRI’s Board of Advisors. This essay is based on a lecture he delivered to FPRI’s Butcher History Institute on “Teaching about Israel and Palestine,” October 25-26, 2014. A link to the the videofiles of each lecture can be found here: http://www.fpri.org/events/2014/10/teaching-about- israel-and-palestine Like everything else historical, the Palestine Mandate has a history with a chronological beginning, a middle, and, in this case, an end. From a strictly legal point of view, that beginning was September 29, 1923, and the end was midnight, May 14, 1948, putting the middle expanse at just short of 25 years. But also like everything else historical, it is no simple matter to determine either how far back in the historical tapestry to go in search of origins, or how far to lean history into its consequences up to and speculatively beyond the present time. These decisions depend ultimately on the purposes of an historical inquiry and, whatever historical investigators may say, all such inquiries do have purposes, whether recognized, admitted, and articulated or not. A.J.P. Taylor’s famous insistence that historical analysis has no purpose other than enlightened storytelling, rendering the entire enterprise much closer to literature than to social science, is interesting precisely because it is such an outlier perspective among professional historians. -
The Ndundulu Invasion –
The Ndundulu Invasion – Chapter 14 – When I Was Young When Gapon entered the room Bongi felt the tension. His handler was always in a rush for answers and activities and he was always meticulous in his questions, monitoring and assessment routine. This was one of the things that Bongi could not argue against. Gapon was thorough in his job and followed the Manuals to their finer detail. The problem that Bongi found in this type of approach was that the handler did not go deep enough, and this was one of the issues he felt obliged to raise with Gapon. However, he was reluctant to do that because he knew there will be a backlash, and this was the last thing he needed in his life, that was very complicated at the moment, to say the least. If he raised issues of detail, he was sure Gapon would go into a tirade bordering on the hysterical, accusatory and authority-laden attitude that had become his trademark in their conversations .This was the reason Bongi felt that he should have used more strategic and pious attitude in the feed back sessions. Tonight Gapon seemed to be bothered about something that troubled him greatly and after he pulled the bottle and stashed it in the mini-bar without opening it, he sat on his usual place in the couch. He did not pose for a minute as he seemed absorbed in looking at the painting on the wall. He turned towards Bongi, his eyes searching his employee’s inner feelings. “Why did my father call me Gapon? What name is this, Prof?” “How old are you chief?” “Why do you ask?” “It took you over 50 year to ask such a question, Nkosi.” “I was busy all these years, Prof.” “I understand, so you’re telling me that after so many years in Moscow, Dresden, Sofia, Harare, no one explained.” “No one, Prof.” “Now you are telling me, a soldier, a decorated soldier who spent time with a bunch of educated Commies does not know why his name is Gapon. -
Portrait of Italian Jewish Life (1800S – 1930S) Edited by Tullia Catalan, Cristiana Facchini Issue N
Portrait of Italian Jewish Life (1800s – 1930s) edited by Tullia Catalan, Cristiana Facchini Issue n. 8, November 2015 QUEST N. 8 - FOCUS QUEST. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History Journal of Fondazione CDEC Editors Michele Sarfatti (Fondazione CDEC, managing editor), Elissa Bemporad (Queens College of the City University of New York), Tullia Catalan (Università di Trieste), Cristiana Facchini (Università Alma Mater, Bologna; Max Weber Kolleg, Erfurt), Marcella Simoni (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia), Guri Schwarz (Università di Pisa), Ulrich Wyrwa (Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung, Berlin). Editorial Assistant Laura Brazzo (Fondazione CDEC) Book Review Editor Dario Miccoli (Università Cà Foscari, Venezia) Editorial Advisory Board Ruth Ben Ghiat (New York University), Paolo Luca Bernardini (Università dell’Insubria), Dominique Bourel (Université de la Sorbonne, Paris), Michael Brenner (Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München), Enzo Campelli (Università La Sapienza di Roma), Francesco Cassata (Università di Genova), David Cesarani z.l. (Royal Holloway College, London), Roberto Della Rocca (DEC, Roma), Lois Dubin (Smith College, Northampton), Jacques Ehrenfreund (Université de Lausanne), Katherine E. Fleming (New York University), Anna Foa (Università La Sapienza di Roma), François Guesnet (University College London), Alessandro Guetta (INALCO, Paris), Stefano Jesurum (Corriere della Sera, Milano), András Kovács (Central European University, Budapest), Fabio Levi (Università degli Studi di Torino), Simon Levis Sullam (Università Ca’ -
From the Balfour Declaration to the Palestine Mandate
“AN OVERWHELMINGLY JEWISH STATE” - FROM THE BALFOUR DECLARATION TO THE PALESTINE MANDATE Martin Gilbert On 22 July 1922, when the League of Nations announced the terms of Britain’s Mandate for Palestine, it gave prominence to the Balfour Declaration. ‘The Mandatory should be responsible,’ the preamble stated, ‘for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty…in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people…’1 The preamble of the Mandate included the precise wording of the Balfour Declaration. Nothing in the Balfour Declaration dealt with Jewish statehood, immigration, land purchase or the boundaries of Palestine. This essay examines how British policy with regard to the ‘national home for the Jewish people’ evolved between November 1917 and July 1922, and the stages by which the Mandate commitments were reached. In the discussions on the eve of the Balfour Declaration, the British War Cabinet, desperate to persuade the Jews of Russia to urge their government to renew Russia’s war effort, saw Palestine as a Jewish rallying cry. To this end, those advising the War Cabinet, and the Foreign Secretary himself, A.J. Balfour, encouraged at least the possibility of an eventual Jewish majority, even if it might – with the settled population of Palestine then being some 600,000 Arabs and 60,000 Jews – be many years before such a majority emerged. On 31 October 1917, Balfour had told the War Cabinet that while the words ‘national home…did -
The Zion Mule Corps
2 The Zion Mule Corps The origin of the Zion Mule Corps and its association with the founding of the Jewish Legion is an important and vital part of the history of Russian Jewish service in the British Army. In Chapter 1 mention was made of Pinhas Rutenberg and Vladimir Jabotinsky, who shared the idea of raising a Jewish force under the aegis of the western Allies. They were not alone. Russian Jewish exiles living in Palestine and Turkey were also considering Zionist participation in the war, but on the Ottoman side. Two of the leading activists, David Ben-Gurion and Isaac Ben-Zvi (the pair were known as the ‘Benim’), both of whom were to play a crucial part in the formation of an independent Israel, then saw the future interests of Zion as being best served by assisting the Turks. They feared that the neu- trality officially espoused by the Zionist movement could discredit and endanger the Jews who had settled in Palestine under a benign Ottoman regime.1 The ‘Benim’ were socialist writers, journalists and publishers who had practised what they preached. By working on the land in Palestine following the rise of the ‘Young Turks’ in 1908, they demonstrated their belief that some sort of Jewish self-government in Palestine was more likely to be acquired by living there rather than by pursuing the cause at a distance through slow and complex diplomatic means. This was in marked contrast to the appreciation formed by Ahad Ha’am fol- lowing his visits to Palestine. He understood that local Arabs benefited from Jewish agricultural settlement, and that the Ottoman authorities were perfectly aware of the bribery and corruption of local Turkish officials that enabled the settlers to bypass some of the legal restrictions imposed upon them. -
Last Changes Last Chances
LAST CHANGES. LAST CHANCES. H. W. N.'s PUBLISHED WORKS INCLUDE: HERDER AND HIS TIMES. (Chapman and Hall) SCHILLER. (Walter Scott) . NEIGHBOURS OF OURS : Scenee of East End Life. (Arrowsmith) IN THE VALLEY OF TOPHET : Scenes of Black Country Life. (Dent) THE THIRTY DAYS' WAR: Scenes in the Greek and Turkish War of 1897. (Dent) · LADYSMITH : A Diary of the Siege. (Methuen) CLASSIC GREEK LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE : . Text to · John Fulleylove's Pictures of Greece. (Dent) THE PLEA OF ·PAN. (Murray: then · Duckworth). BETWEEN THE ACTS : Scenes in the Author's Experience. (Murray : then Duckworth) ON THE OLD ROAD THROUGH FRANCE TO FLORENCE : French Chapters to · Hallam Murray's Pictures. (Murray) BOOKS AND PERSONALITIES: A Vol ume of Criticism. (John Lane) A MODERN SLAVERY : An Investigation of the Slave System in Angola and the Islands of San Thome and Principe. (Harper) · ·. THE DAWN IN RUSSIA: Scenes in the Revolution of 1905-1906. (Harper) . THE. NEW SPIRIT IN INDIA c Scenes during the Unrest of 1907-1908. (Har per) ESSAYS IN FREEDOM. (Duckworth) THE GROWTH OF FREEDOM : A Sum mary of the History · of Democracy · (Jack) ESSAYS IN REBELLION. (Nisbet) THE DARDANELLES CAMPAIGN. (Nis bet) ESSAYS IN FREEDOM AND REBELLION (Yale University Preas and Oxford University Press) ORIGINAL SINNERS. (Christophers) . LINES OF LIFE; Verse; (Allen and Unwin) ORANGES AND CHANCES. (Nisbet) MORE CHANGES MORE CHANCES. (Nisbet) YOUNG H. w, N. (1875) LAST CHANGES.. LAST CHANCESI . B~ HENRY W. NEVINSON 'Lon~on NISBET & CO. LTD. 22 BERNBRS STREET, W.l . Made and Printed in Great Britain at th• M Gyjlqllllr p,..,, PlyfiJOIMII. -
List of Refernces
SEWING THE SEEDS OF STATEHOOD: GARMENT UNIONS, AMERICAN LABOR, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL, 1917-1952 By ADAM M. HOWARD A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 Copyright 2003 by Adam M. Howard ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research and writing of this dissertation, spanning a period of five years, required assistance and understanding from a variety of individuals and groups, all of whom I wish to thank here. My advisor, Robert McMahon, has provided tremendous encouragement to me and this project since its first conception during his graduate seminar in diplomatic history. He instilled in me the courage necessary to attempt bridging three subfields of history, and his patience, insight, and willingness to allow his students to explore varied approaches to the study of diplomatic history are an inspiration. Robert Zieger, in whose research seminar this project germinated into a more mature study, offered tireless assistance and essential constructive criticism. Additionally, his critical assessments of my evidence and prose will influence my writing in the years to come. I also will always remember fondly our numerous conversations regarding the vicissitudes of many a baseball season, which served as needed distractions from the struggles of researching and writing a dissertation. Ken Wald has consistently backed my work both intellectually and financially through his position as the Chair of the Jewish Studies Center at the University of Florida and as a member of my committee. His availability and willingness to offer input and advice on a variety of topics have been most helpful in completing this study. -
Download the PDF File
EDITORIAL The contributions to this issue of the Jerusalem Quarterly coalesce around a Materiality and number of themes central to Palestinian experiences – the relationships between Ghostliness materiality and memory and between space and power. Two articles in this issue, Fredrik Meiton’s “Nation or Industry: The Non-Electrification of Nablus” and Dima Saad’s “Materializing Palestinian Memory: Objects of Home and the Everyday Eternities of Exile,” are the final pieces that JQ will publish from the sixth annual New Directions in Palestinian Studies workshop held at Brown University in 2018, thematically organized around “The Shadow Years: Material Histories of Everyday Life.” (Other articles that emerged from this workshop were published in the Autumn 2018 issue of the Journal of Palestine Studies and in the Autumn 2019 issue of the Jerusalem Quarterly.) Each, in its own way, focuses on the materiality of Palestinian experiences and their afterlives. Meiton, author of Electrical Palestine: Capital and Technology from Empire to Nation (University of California Press, 2018), reflects here on a “non-event” – the circumstances and decisions that resulted in the city of Nablus remaining disconnected from the electrical grid throughout the Mandate period. The Palestine Electric Corporation (PEC) was established by Pinhas Rutenberg, a Russian-Jewish engineer and Zionist to whom the Mandate authorities granted an exclusive concession to provide electrical power throughout Palestine. This linkage of electricity with Zionism meant that connecting to the electrical grid was always a politically contentious decision for Palestinians, and while Nablus’s politicians sought to negotiate work- Jerusalem Quarterly 80 [ 3 ] arounds that would allow for the electrification of Nablus as a joint venture of the PEC and the municipality, the PEC had little interest in pursuing such measures. -
The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British
The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of con- quest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperi- alism (1917–1936) Regan, Bernard (2016) The Implementation of the Balfour Dec- laration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of con- quest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917– 1936) University of Surrey Version: PhD thesis Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individ- ual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open- Research Archive’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult http:// research.stmarys.ac.uk/policies.html http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/ The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of conquest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917–1936) Thesis submitted by Bernard Regan For the award of Doctor of Philosophy School of Arts and Humanities University of Surrey January 2016 ©Bernard Regan 2016 1 Summary The objective of this thesis is to analyse the British Mandate in Palestine with a view to developing a new understanding of the interconnections and dissonances between the principal agencies. Through a critical examination of British government papers the thesis argues that the moment of the British Mandate in Palestine signalled a new phase in the development of British imperialism constituting a rupture with the colonialist past and the advent of a new type of imperialist relationship. The encounter between this new-imperialism which developed from the end of the nineteenth century and a Palestinian society which was in the process of transformation between a predominantly pre-capitalist agricultural society into a commodity producing capitalist one engendered a conflictual environment dislocating the economic, social and political structures that existed. -
The Kingship of Christ and the Conversion of the Jewish Nation
The Kingship of Christ a n d The Conversion of the Jewish Nation ; ™® lU^JIüfeaælU ■*« b wI W ■sala! BB3LM L ® I b la l 4* 4* 4* 4* 4< * 4* 4* 4* 4* 4- 4. 4" 4- 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* REV DENIS FAHEY C.S.S 1 The Maria Regina Series No.i The Kingship of Christ and The Conversion of the Jewish Nation By REV. DENIS FAHEY, C.S.Sp ., D.D., D .Ph ., B.A., Professor of Philosophy, Holy Ghost Missionary College, Kinrmage, Dublin HOLY GHOST MISSIONARY COLLEGE, KIMMAGE, DUBLIN AND REGINA PUBLICATIONS 5, CAVENDISH ROW, DUBLIN In this book Father Fahey treats at length of the Naturalism of the Jew ish nation, that is, of the opposition of the Jews as a nation to the True Super natural Messias, our Lord Jesus Christ, The Church’s teaching on Anti-Semitism is lucidly set forth, and the writings of the distinguished Jewish convert priests, the Fathers Lémann, who lab oured so hard for the con version of their nation, are skilfully utilized. In accord ance with the principles laid down by Pope Pius XI in the text quoted in the Foreword, Father Fahey combines insistence on the Supernatural Rights of Christ the King with charity towards those in error. COMPLETE LIST OF WORKS By the Rev. Denis Fahey, C.S.Sp. " Mental Prayer According to the Teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas ” (1927). " The Kingship of Christ According to the Principles of St. Thomas Aquinas ” (1931). “ The Mystical Body of Christ in the Modem World ” (1935). -
228 and the End of the Revolt, 1939
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Crime in the Mandate: British and Zionist criminological discourse and Arab nationalist agitation in Palestine, 1936-39 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x61q5jz Author Kelly, Matthew Kraig Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Crime in the Mandate: British and Zionist criminological discourse and Arab nationalist agitation in Palestine, 1936–39 A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Matthew Kraig Kelly 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Crime in the Mandate: British and Zionist criminological discourse and Arab nationalist agitation in Palestine, 1936–39 by Matthew Kraig Kelly Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor James L. Gelvin, Chair This study examines British strategies for social control during the Arab revolt in Palestine in 1936–39. It focuses specifically on the British discourse of criminality vis-à-vis the Arabs, and the ways in which this discourse related to British and Zionist representations of Arab Palestinian nationalism. Its primary finding is that British imperial discourse in the 1930s necessitated that nationalist movements such as that for Arab Palestinian independence be criminalized in a particular manner. London tended in the nineteenth century to regard the nationalist movements within its colonial domains as essentially criminal enterprises. Given the terms of the post-WWI mandates system, however, the British were poorly positioned to suggest that Palestinian nationalists in general were criminally inclined. After all, the entire justification for the British ii presence in the Middle East was the shepherding of its peoples across the threshold of national autonomy. -
The Iron Wall – Zionist Revisionism
Lenni Brenner The Iron Wall Zionist Revisionism from Jabotinsky to Shamir (1984) AAARGH Publisher On internet, 2003 1 Lenni Brenner: The Iron Wall. First published in 1984 by Zed Books, London.First transcribed and marked up by Einde O Callaghan for REDS - Die Roten in 2001. FOREWORD BY THE WEB PUBLISHER This book, first published in London in 1984, has been already displayed on the Web with the approval of the author. We found it at <http://www.marxists.de/middleast/ironwall/index.htm> This <html> 2001 edition includes many misprints due to scannerization and we have done our best to improve it but some mistakes remain. We provide this <pdf> version because we believe this book to be a very useful source of historical reflection on the origins of the present-day Likoud politics of Israel, led by the sinister general Sharon. It is literally a genealogy of the racist expansionist and totalitarian policies imposed on hapless Palestine by a ferocious mob, today locally called "Likoud". It does not mean we share all the views of the author, a rather old fashioned American Trotskyite, who manifest a resilient gullibility as far as "Jewish" recent history is concerned. In particular, the art of the Jews of presenting themselves always as "victims" imposes itself easily on a non critical mind. Obviously, Brenner is part of that culture which, we believe, is in great need of a reappraisal. But this is another debate. This politically motivated edition if for fair use only and has no economic purpose. March 2003 2 CONTENTS 1.